Tea House

ZiCheng XuThree Houses

Introduction - Three Houses

The objective of this por tfolio is to juxtapose a small number of works in a way such that an argument

and a critique may emerge from them. The image on the lef t, taken a little more than a year before the

beginning of my official architectural education, serves to establish a tone and identify the themes that will

be explored in my work. Each project will allude to the relationship between matter, atmosphere, framing,

and duration, while also being an investigation of ideas suggested by the site and program. The argument is

one about the values that architecture can provide, examined at the scale of the house, while the critique is

about the values that emerge from the houses themsleves, and how these values shape our par ticipation in

dwelling.

H o u s e f o r a W r i t e r

C o n t e n t s

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EAST ELEVATION - CORRIDOR C2Z

NORTH ELEVATION - LOBBY ENC64

SOUTH ELEVATION - CORRIDOR ENG35Z

NORTH ELEVATION - CORRIDOR ENG21Z

STAIR ENC 69Y/169Y SOUTH ELEVATION STAIR ENC 69Y/169Y NORTH ELEVATION

STAIR ENC 169Y WEST ELEVATION (INTERSTITIAL ZONE @ CURTAIN WALL)STAIR ENC 169Y WEST ELEVATION

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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H o u s e s f o r a C r i s i s

A T e a H o u s e ( A B u i l t W o r k )

P a r t 1 : T h r e e H o u s e s

P a r t 2 : O f f i c e W o r k

C h o r a A r c h i t e c t u r e a n d U r b a n i s m

D i a m o n d a n d S c h m i t t A r c h i t e c t s

p 1 - 4

p 5 - 8

p 1 0 - 1 4

p 1 6 - 1 8

p 1 9

HOUSE FOR A WRITER

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Creek

Foot Path From Main Property

Legend

1. Forecourt

2. Living Room

3. Front courtyard

4. Kitchen; dining

5. Writer’s room

6. Bathroom

7. Utility room; laundry

8. Bedroom

9. Back courtyard

1m

2m

4m

Site Plan

The process of creativity is explored spatially and through visual metaphors. The abrupt angle at which the house intersects the linear path, and the descending movement into the

house signals the transition into the realm of creative thought. The axial orientation of the house leads the writer to the writing room, and visually extends that journey into the distant

landscape, following the direction of the flowing water. The main gesture of the house is the focus on a particular space, the space of creative activity, and expressing the journey into

that space as the journey of a writer into the abstract world of ideas. The visual extension and expansion of the journey out into the landscape resonates with the idea that the creative

world is not one to be physically inhabited, but accessed through a form of vision.

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Tectonics

The house uses a tectonic language of heavy walls and punch windows. The view from each room looks onto the landscape or a courtyard and does not intrude on the view of another

room. The writing room and bathroom project into the landscape and over the stream (7), creating a sense of immersion in the landscape. In contrast, the living room and bedroom are

attached to their own courtyard (6), and it is the through the courtyard that the landscape is framed and experienced. The ability to experience the landscape from both the interior and

the exterior while still being in the architecture enriches the possibilities of engagement with the landscape.

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In its carefully considered choreography of views, the house is an expression of the picturesque. However, the architecture is not the folly in the

landscape, but the device through which the landscape is viewed. The architecture is not an object to be perceived in its gestalt, to evoke Richard

Serra, but something to be experienced in moving through it.

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Spatial / Visual Relationship

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1. V iew from the l iv ing room, out into the f ront cour tyard.

2. V iew from the bedroom, out into the back cour tyard. The landscape is f ramed by an opening in the wal l of the cour tyard.

3. V iew from the bathroom, out into the creek.

4. V iew from the wr i t ing room, out into the creek.

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Map 1: destroyed urban fabric Map 2: proposed restoration

HOUSES FOR A CRISIS

Emergency in Por t-au-Prince:

The epicenter of the 2010 Haiti ear thquake was just outside of its capital, Por t-au-Prince. Many houses in its poorer neighborhoods, built of inferior concrete and situated on sloped terrain, were reduced to rubble. The project seeks to strategically and simultaneously address two problem facing these neighborhoods: removing the large amounts of waste concrete rubble, and building new housing capable of withstanding future natural disasters.

Planning Response:

The project focuses on the Deprez Neighborhood on the hilly outskir ts of Por t-au-Prince. The proposal is to replace the dense and organically formed urban fabric with standardized housing types organized in a similarly organic fashion, matching the previous density.

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Shutters

Metal Roofing

Retractable Shades

Sheathing

Storm Resistant Doors

Gabion Foundation

Exterior Ledge / Shutter

Roof Detail @ Column

Floor Detail @ Column

The system of construction uses gabion basket walls to elevate and stabilize the structure, making it resistant to earthquakes, hurricanes, and mud slides. The incorporation of waste material into the gabion baskets eliminates expense (almost certainly beyond the means of the residents) of transporting the considerable quantities of concrete rubble out of the site. Precendents shown by Titus Bernhard (left) and Herzog & de Meuron (far left).

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The spatial organization posits the space of the street and the community to be central to the life of the home, and prioritizes the balcony space as well the sense of connection with the balcony space and the street in the main shared area of the home. Cooking, eating, and leisure can all take place while overlooking the street and the community. Despite the violence of occasional disasters, Haiti has a mild climate, and the house util izes its height and openness to maximize through ventilation during the mostly warm times. During hurricanes, the door and shutters close tightly and provide protection. Many aspects of this project, including its elevation, its modular design, and its sense of comfort in a tropical setting, was inspired by the works of Jean Prouvé.

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3m

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The parents (1) and children (2) sleep in the same space. Privacy is provided through use of curtains.

Section CSection BSection A

1. Children’s bunk beds

2. Screen

3. Toilette

4. Cistern for shower and

faucet

5. Shower

6. Closet

7. Balcony

8. Planter

9. Food preparation surface

10. Cistern for kitchen faucet

11. Parent’s bed

Rain water is directed into separate integral cisterns for kitchen and bathroom use (2,3), making each house self-sufficient for water.

Cooking is done on an exterior ledge (5) using a small stove or a solar cooker, minimizing indoor smoke and encouraging the use of solar energy.

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The resident may vary the privacy of the balcony by growing vines on the lattice wall (6) beside the balcony gate (7).

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Elevation

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A T E A H O U S E

F O R T W O O R

T H R E E G U E S T S

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W a i t i n g . T h e n , e n t e r i n g .

T h e g u e s t s s i t .

A sense of duration is built into the formal order of the tea

house. The recessed cur tain door allows the guest to sit

on the projecting floor while the host makes preparations.

The cur tain is lif ted, and the alcove directs the viewer’s

gaze to the far end of the tea house, prompting the

guest’s visual par ticipation with the full extensivity of the

small space.

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looking up.

Looking down,

Looking at the f lowers in the inter ior garden.

The sequence of views

continues with the view of the

garden (which can be closed by

a cur tain). As the guest turns to

face the host seated behind the

hearth, their attention is once

again directed toward a view,

a small garden framed by the

facade fence element.

The simple material palette

accentuates the contrast

between ver tical structural

members (dark wood) and panel

elements (coarse fabric), as well

the interior of f ine fabric and

exterior of coarse fabric.

Enter ing.

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H o t c o a l s a r e p l a c e d

i n t o t h e h e a r t h . T e a w a r e

i s l a i d o u t .

T h e k e t t l e i s

s u s p e n d e d o v e r

t h e c o a l s .T h e t e a s e r v i c e c o n s i s t s o f m u l t i p l e

i n f u s i o n s o f t e a b r e w e d i n a s m a l l p o t .

The spatial formality is not rigourous. The host and guest can be arranged in a variety of ways depending on the desired

sense of atmosphere and views. The space is also flexible. The cur tain can be closed or opened; the hearth can be covered

to give back its floor space.

M a k i n g

T e a .

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After the formal tea service, the guests stay for low tea. The guests lingered on into the evening. Several candles lit the

interior when the cur tains were drawn.

L i n g e r i n g .

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Part 2: Office Work

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Low Impact Construction Low Embodied EnergyBulding Materials

Materials and Construction

Micro-climate Building Enevelope Solarium Trombe wall Double Facade

Passive Solar

Solar Water Heating Facade Incorporated Photovoltaics

Shading Devices Stack Ventilation Earth-tube Cooling

HIgh Performance Building Envelope

Geothermal

Active Solar

Passive Cooling

Green Roof

Building Efficiency Improvement Kit

Insulation

Site Specific Design

Earth Sheltering

16 TN Incubators

+ 1 harbour

+ 2 river beds daija river

+ 3 dado mountain range and science park

+ 4 old shuei-nan airport and exposition

+ 2 river beds - fazi river

+ 2 TN river beds - river 3

+ 5 old central business district

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frame 06

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Office: Chora Architecture and Urbanism

17TN Incubators

+ 6 foothills

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[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:EnergySOURCE:UNFCC

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:Taichung City Government

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:Point Carbon (via China Daily)

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:EnergySOURCE:Taipei Times

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:Taipei Times

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:Barbara Finamore - NRDC

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:Taichung City Government

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:EnergySOURCE:Ministry of Economic Affairs

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:UNFCC

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:National People’s Congress

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:www.news.xmnn.cn

[ACTIONPLAN]

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THEME:EnergySOURCE:UNFCC

[ACTIONPLAN]

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THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:BusinessGreen, Taiwan Today

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:NDRC

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

THEME:GovernanceSOURCE:China Daily

[ACTIONPLAN]

Gameset©CHORA

TARGET TARGET ENERGY ENERGY

Taiwan’s Sustainable Energy Polic y Framwork will use a four-pronged regulatory framework to achieve these goals (Renewable Energy Development Act, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act, Amend Energy Management Act, and Energy Act).

Taiwan’s Sustainable Energy Policy Framwork will use a four-pronged regulatory framework to achieve these goals (Renewable Energy Development Act, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act, Amend Energy Management Act, and Energy Act).

THEME:EnergySOURCE:Ministry of Economic Affairs

Renewable Energy Development Act will increase installed capacity of renewable energy by 6.5 GW to a total of 10 GW in 20 years, establish a system of feed in tariffs for electricity generated by renewable energy and compel Taiwanese utilities to purchase it.

Taiwan Low Carbon Policy will create two pilot communities per city or county over the next two years with 50% of energy supply from renewable sources and develop six low carbon counties/cit-ies over the next five years. Develop a low carbon Taiwan by 2020.

Energy Management Act will require manufactures of energy equipment ot clearly lable efficiency standards. Ministry of Economic Affairs is compelled to submit energy development guidelines to the Tai-wanese Legislature and create standards regarding the disposal of all energy-created waste products.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Act will manage emis-sions permits and create GHG emissions perform-ance standars. Taiwan will implement an overall emissions target and GHG cap-and-trade system with the timing and limits TBA depending on current international climate change negotiations.

Energy Tax Bill would apply to users of all fossil fuels. Tax increases on energy would be offset by a lowering of both the corporate and income tax rates and its proceeds would be used to subsidize public transportation, low-income families, and energy efficiency research.

Taichung City Carbon Reduction Goal: reduce overall co2 emissiions to 60% below 1990 levels by 2050.

REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FUNDING REQUIREMENTS

Building A Low Co2 Garden City Plan will expand and preserve Taichung’s green space, improve water conservation, and increase the efficiency of waste handling.

China Renewble Energy Law identifies renewble energy development as preferential and requries the State Council to set medium and long-term renewable energy targets. Creates a Renewable Energy Development Fund to foster clean energy installation and R&D.

China Medium to Long-Term Renewable Energy Development Plan 2007-2020 raises the share of renewable energy in primary energy consumption to 10% by 2010 and 15% by 2020. Some of the 2020 targets have already been surpassed and have been significantly upwardly revised (i.e. 200 GW of wind and 20% renewable energy by 2020).

Utility Demand Side Management establishes national energy efficiency regulations that will improve demand side energy savings from China’s power grid and utility companies. China’s large utility companies now have incentive to solve increased energy demand with more installed capacity and better energy efficiency.

FUNDING TARGETTARGET ENERGY

Pilot carbon trading scheme will be lauched during the 12th five year plan.

Xiamen Energy Intensity Reduction will reduce per unit GDP energy consumption 40% from 2005 levels by 2020. Total CO2 emissions will be capped at 68.68 million tons.

Xiamen selected by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) as one of eight pilot low carbon cities. The cities, along with 5 low carbon provinces, will be individually responsible for crafting a plan to lower emissions and stimulate a green economy during the 12th Five Year Plan.

The public transportation system in Taichung will be supplemented by 500 km of bike paths by 2016, aiming to create viable biking corridors through the city and the surrounding towns of former Taichung county.

ENERGY TRANSPORTATIONPILOT PROGRAMCARBON

Photovoltaic Power Plant Solar Thermal Power Plant

Solar Energy

Wave Power Tidal Power Run Of River Hydro

Biomass GasificationUrban Algae Farm Anaerobic DigesterUrban Biomass Crops

CHP Power Station / CHP Retrofitt Carbon Capturing Bio-Energy Plant

Solar Up-draft Tower

Energy Storage Island Local Energy Storage Network

Hydro Energy

Biomass Energy

Energy Storage

Wind Farm Geothermal Power Plant

Intelligent Eletricity Grid

Distribution Networks

Biomass Energy Network District Cooling

Rainwater Collection Graywater Recycling Constructed Wetlands Filtration Network

Rain Garden Network

Urban Garden Network Aquaponics Forrest-Garden Parks

Soil Remediation Network Intelligent Waste Network

Water Networks

Local Food Networks

Waste Networks

Rapid Bus Transit Light Rail Cycling Network Car and Bicycle Share Network

Transportation Networks

Commercial

Instant Event Space

Research

Garden TowerCommercial BuildingEnergy Museum

Water Filtration Network Water Filtration Network Water Filtration Network

Industrial

Passive House Zero-Carbon House Prototype Demonstration House

Hydroponics Supermarket

38 Scenario Games_Pure Lists 34

ENERGY EFFICIENT INSTALLATIONS

ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS

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GREEN TECHNOLOGY


GREEN INDUSTRY


PASSIVE BUILDING


REED BEDS


CLEAN TRANSPORTATION


SOLAR POWER PLANT


LOW IMPACT CONSTRUCTION


PERMEABLE PAVING


RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY ISLAND


HOME IMPROVEMENT KIT


LIVING WALL


SOLAR POWER PLANT


COMBINED ENERGY TOWER


MICROCLIMATE BUILDING ENVELOPE


KINETIC POWER PLANT


SOLAR POWER STATION


WAVE TURBINES


ZERO CARBON BUILDING


SUPER EFFICIENT COAL POWER


WIND TURBINES


ALGAE FARM


GREY WATER RECYCLING


ENERGY NETWORKS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY


PILOT PROJECTS

PERMEABLE WATER TREATMENT GARDEN


INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE


ENERGY PRODUCING FACADE


ENERGY MUSEUM


PASSIVE COOLING


UNDERGROUND INTELLIGENT NETWORK


BIOMASS ENERGY


COMMERCIAL BUILDING


SOLAR HEAT ABSORBER


BIOMASS ENERGY NETWORK


LARGE SCALE ENERGY STORAGE


GARDEN TOWER


PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS


PLACE HOLDER


SMALL SCALE ENERGY STORAGE


CARPOOLING AND CLEAN TRANS-PORTATION


SOLAR WATER HEATER


HYDROPHONIC SUPERMARKET


CHP


INDUSTRIAL HEADQUARTERS


OPERABLE SHADING DEVICES


SOIL REMEDIATION


COGENERATION


WASTE TREATMENT


TROUGH SOLAR CONCENTRATOR


DISTRICT COOLING


WASTE RECYCLING


PLUG-IN ENERGY FARM


CO2

PROTOTYPES

Project: Taiwan Strait Atlas

The project examines the possibility for the strait between Taiwan and China to be an incubator for climate change technology. By examining the region’s geographic, environmental, economic, and political structure, the project develops and documents the region’s potential through the form of an atlas.

Sample pagesPages on the lef t depict analysis of maps, research, documentation, organization of information per taining to local stakeholders, and categorization of technological prototypes. Pages below is a system of symbols used to clarify the use of prototypes in large maps depicting layers of information.

Map makingThese maps are the beginnings of material that address specific sites as scenarios of change, depicting the implementation of prototypes in a site sensitive way.

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20Hakka Tulou Houses

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20Hakka Tulou Houses

Sino-German Center

Expert’s Living Zone + Solar and Wind Farm

Leisure Center

Test Gardens

Waste Treatment Zone

Wetlands Zone Agriculture and Bio-energy Zone

Scenic Hiking ZoneHydro-electricEnergy

Sino-German Center

Wetlands Zone

Test Gardens

Waste Treatment Zone

Agriculture and Bio-energy Zone

Expert’s Living Zone + Solar and Wind Farm

太陽能光伏

EXISTING CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATION COSTS

CARBON REDUCTION EFFICIENCY

Photovoltaics are is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from light, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are increasingly incorporated into new domestic and industrial buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power, and are one of the fastest growing segments of the photovoltaic industry.

Dur to its high level of use throughout the world, Photovoltaics are now seen as a branding symbol for renewable energy production.

Solar panels are designed with high level of flexibility, which could be located anywhere efficiency reach sunlight. It requires very little building alternation.

Initial costs include acquiring solar panels, as well as rechargable cells and necessary structure for holding up the panels. If they are building integrated, roof re-design and construction may have to be taken into account.

Photovoltaics has evolved into one of the most widely used renewable energy source. The effective use of solar panels to capture sun could produce electricity that charges cell battery for immediate demands.

BRANDING

PRODUCT INITIAL COST

[ ]21SOLAR PANELS

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS solar radiation

插入式能量農場

A plug-in energy farm combines conventional renewable energy harnessing techniques, and combining them onto an organised system for combined energy collection. A plug-in system provides the necessary flexibilty for the use of different renewable technology, and could be use to accommodate any programme for the field.

The plug-in system would become a highly visible grid with combination of different renewable energy sources. They could be used for different demands of the building, as well as accommodate varying use and growth of users.

The initial system comprise of the building of a grid system that becomes the ‘mother board’ for the energy farm plug-in system.

The initial costs of the system varies in terms of the size of the complex, combination of renewable energy technology, as well as the combined energy they produced.

Combining different energy sources could ensure predictable and consistent energy supply, that could provide enough onsite electricity and other energy supply, bringing the complex towards self-sufficiency and zero-carbon.

BRANDING DEVICE

INITIAL CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATION COSTS (£)

PRODUCT INITIAL COST (£)

ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]03PLUG-IN ENERGY FARM

SCALEBUILDING

building composition

CO = 02 +-

零炭排放建築

A Zero Carbon public building makes use of multiple technique to achieve zero net carbon production in terms of building and construction, energy use and demands. It is an up and coming tread throughout the world in deriving new building techniques incorperating renewable energy supply for homes that provide affordable and comfortable habitation.

Current Zero carbon houses may still low peculiar in terms of the building techniques and technologies incorperated. It produce is significant visual difference to the conventional built environment, raising awareness to new building techniques and how construction changes effects of climate change.

zero-carbon house could be built on any buildable environment. The building should take into account the sunpath, prevailing wind orientations, as well as the electricity and gas supply through grid.

Materials used for building zero- carbon building could be cheaper than conventional buildings. It is due to the carefully chosen material with low embedded energy coefficient, with less construction waste.

Suitable plants, after several generations, could be used as biomass for energy production and recycling. Well designed green roofs could also be used for phytoremediation of rain water and grey water of the building.

BRANDING



ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]14ZERO-CARBON PUBLIC BUILDING

SCALEBUILDING

building construction

可調整太陽屏幕


A movable, or adjustable system for the interior of the building that could effectively block out sunlight and ensure that the interior would not be overheated. The system should be designed closely related to sun path and the need for sun shading at specific time of the day. Efficient systems could dramatically reduce overheating and the use of air-conditioning system to the interior of glazing facades.

Reichstag, New German Parliament, Foster + Partners

Accessible green roofs provide users of the building a place to interact, turning the roof into a more engaging social space. Unaccessible green roof could also provide a eye-catching green patch for the street and buildings nearby.

constuction and design of the adjustable sun shade has to be taken into account throughout the design of the building, as an integrated system for the facade.

The design of the sun shade include investigation of the sun path, locating suitable patterns for the shade to reduce over-shading, as well as the development of mechanical system that would allow easy adjustments and mainanence.

Suitably used, the sun shade could dramatically reduce possibilities of over-heating to the interior of the building, lowering the output through air-conditioning systems, and thus effectively reducing carbon output.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]21ADJUSTABLE SUN SHADING DEVICE *

SCALEBUILDING

building envelop

都市海藻養植場

Algae cultuvation, or algae farm for biofuel, has been an emergent technology for future use in vehicles and aircrafts. The urban environment provides the perfect scenarios for cultivation of algae. With a relatively warmer environment, with a relatively higher carbon concentration, as well as large surface area and access the sunlight, urban space could become an energy farm, and the greening of the city would also create a spectacle.

vertical algae pools that are attached to the building facade produced greening effect to urban environment. This is a bold statement to the drive against climage change. The algae cultivation could also generate revenue through biofuel technology.

Initial constrction alternation could be minute. Algae pools are attached onto the surface of the building, or could be planted on the surface of the ground. Inital excavation and pumping costs should be taking into consideration.

The initial cost include structural scaffolding for the buildinf facade, algae pool and pumping devices. It also include biofuel factories that turn algae into useable biofuel.

Algae biofuel is a highly profitable business for energy production, as the ingredient is extremely cheap, and the biofuel produced could be as efficient as convential fuel, but cleaner.

BRANDING DEVICE



ENERGY PRODUCTION

URBAN ALGAE FARM [ ]23

SCALEBUILDING

building envelop

灰水回收利用

EXISTING CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATION COSTS (£)


Greywater reclamation involves natural processes such asa on0site phytoremediation, running greywater through biotopes and reedbeds for purification. It provides a cheap, easy to maintain process for water recycling. It brings in natural processes into water treatment and urban processes.

New water flow and collection tanks have to be installed, together with water purification system, such as pools for biotopes and reedbed landscape.

Initial costs are relatively low. After the initial construction, the landscape needs to be cultivated and maintained, in order to ensure that greywater is flown through nad purified in optimum.

Greywater reclamation is an on site process, that reduces the overall waste production from water treatment plants, and also recycles water for use. It brings in other natural systems and cycles into play, reducing the overal carbon emission through the process.

BRANDING DEVICE


Greywater is non-industrial wastewater generated from domestic processes such as dish washing, laundry and bathing. Greywater comprises 50-80% of residential wastewater. Reclamation of greywater includes collection, purification, and repumping into system for use.

[ ]11GREYWATER RECLAIMATION

SCALEDISTRICT

waste treatment

地熱能量

CARBON REDUCTION EFFICIENCY (5 YEARS)

Geothermal heating is a method of heating and cooling a building. It takes advantage of the natural stable warmth stored in the earth. In warm climates this can be used to cool buildings, and in cooler climates it can be used for warmth. Geothermal heating is one of the most efficient ways to heat a building. It requires no burning of fossil fuels.

Geothermal heating provides a renewable resource for heating interior space through directing water into the depth of the earth.

The initial cost involve excavation of the ground layer to install geothermal water pipes, that would pick up the heat from the Earth. It also include installing heat exchanger for Geothermal water heat, and cool water pumps.

The initial costs of pipes and pumps are relatively low. They are easily sources products commonly found in the market.

Geothermal heat could be used in numerous ways, it could replace heaters and boilers to provide hot water for domestic use when needed. At such, lowering the use of gas and electricity.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]01GEOTHERMAL HEATING

geology

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS

直立式風能渦輪發電


Wind turbines convert wind energy to electricity for distribution. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft runs vertically. Among the advantages of this arrangement are that generators and gearboxes can be placed close to the ground, and that VAWT do not need to be pointed into the wind. Such turbines could be run in total silence.

Since the blades are run vertically, no yaw mechanism is needed, the turbine could be run in total silence.It is an elegant wind turbine that could be situated in urban area since they do not require any support.

Wind turbines are designed to exploit the wind energy that exists at a location. Aerodynamic modeling is used to determine the optimum tower height, control systems, number of blades, and blade shape.

The rotor: approx 20% of the total cost, includes the blades. The generator: approx 34% of the total cost, includes the electrical generator, the control electronics. The structural support: approx 15% of the total cost, includes the tower and rotor pointing mechanism.

Wind turbine could be seen as a symbol of renewable energy sources, and is an effective generator for electricity. VAWT has an elegant design which is very suitable for urban utility, thus making it very suitable for urban carbon reduction proposals..

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]11VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE *

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS wind energy

風, 熱能, 生物炭能量結合發電塔


The tower departs from conventional wind towers with its consistency in supply and adaptability within the urban context. Utilising chimney effect to draw in wind energy, as well as solar enery collection, the electricity gernerated is consistent and stable to be consumed through immediate means, instead of feeding back into electricity grid. The tower generates different levels of electricity, depending on the parameters which it is built.

ericsson tower tube prototype

The tower produces consistent energy supply through its combined use of different renewable sources. This allow immediate use of electricity. The tower would also become a physical landmark with its aerodynamic form.

The tower would be located on open ground, locations where solar and wind energy are available.

the estimate cost would include the prototyping and testing of the wind tower, as well as it’s production and implementation on site. Wiring for new electricity supply is also necessary as it is separated from the grid.

If successful, one 40m energy tower would be able to serve 700 households continually, and this wouold in urn reduce carbon emission through electricity production.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]12COMBINED ENERGY TOWER


*

被動式冷卻

Passive cooling refers to technologies or design features used to cool buildings without power consumption. These techniques include superinsulation, crossed ventilation, airtightness, advanced window design, alternative building facade material.

Imber Akse House, Canada, Leslie Akse and Barry Imber

Passive cooling is an embedded system within building design and construction. Following simple principles for material use and design principles, buildings could achieve a high degree of thermal comfort without the use of extra energy.

Initial considerations into design and construction is crucial to ensure building factors provides effective means for passive cooling. These include building orientation, window locations, passive ventilation system, etc.

Actual material used for passive cooling could be conventional material, or materials that has low embedded energy and specific thermal mass (which could be cheaper than conventional building material)

With effective construction techniques, and conscious use of building material designed for specific passive environment, building could achieve a very high degree of thermal comfort with love emergy demand.

BRANDING



ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]11PASSIVE COLLING

SCALEBUILDING


Sino-German Center Expert’s Living ZoneAgriculture and Bio-energy Zone

Project: CAS Campus Masterplan ProposalSite: Fujian Province, China.

Vernacular Typology Studies Adaptive Typology StudiesThe local housing type of large, shared, for tif ied rammed earth housing was studied and incorporated into a new building type based on the idea of a central

courtyard with a inhabited wall.

17

太陽能光伏

EXISTING CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATION COSTS


Photovoltaics are is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from light, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are increasingly incorporated into new domestic and industrial buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power, and are one of the fastest growing segments of the photovoltaic industry.

Dur to its high level of use throughout the world, Photovoltaics are now seen as a branding symbol for renewable energy production.

Solar panels are designed with high level of flexibility, which could be located anywhere efficiency reach sunlight. It requires very little building alternation.

Initial costs include acquiring solar panels, as well as rechargable cells and necessary structure for holding up the panels. If they are building integrated, roof re-design and construction may have to be taken into account.

Photovoltaics has evolved into one of the most widely used renewable energy source. The effective use of solar panels to capture sun could produce electricity that charges cell battery for immediate demands.

BRANDING

PRODUCT INITIAL COST

[ ]21SOLAR PANELS

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS solar radiation

插入式能量農場

A plug-in energy farm combines conventional renewable energy harnessing techniques, and combining them onto an organised system for combined energy collection. A plug-in system provides the necessary flexibilty for the use of different renewable technology, and could be use to accommodate any programme for the field.

The plug-in system would become a highly visible grid with combination of different renewable energy sources. They could be used for different demands of the building, as well as accommodate varying use and growth of users.

The initial system comprise of the building of a grid system that becomes the ‘mother board’ for the energy farm plug-in system.

The initial costs of the system varies in terms of the size of the complex, combination of renewable energy technology, as well as the combined energy they produced.

Combining different energy sources could ensure predictable and consistent energy supply, that could provide enough onsite electricity and other energy supply, bringing the complex towards self-sufficiency and zero-carbon.

BRANDING DEVICE



ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]03PLUG-IN ENERGY FARM

SCALEBUILDING

building composition

CO = 02 +-

零炭排放建築

A Zero Carbon public building makes use of multiple technique to achieve zero net carbon production in terms of building and construction, energy use and demands. It is an up and coming tread throughout the world in deriving new building techniques incorperating renewable energy supply for homes that provide affordable and comfortable habitation.

Current Zero carbon houses may still low peculiar in terms of the building techniques and technologies incorperated. It produce is significant visual difference to the conventional built environment, raising awareness to new building techniques and how construction changes effects of climate change.

zero-carbon house could be built on any buildable environment. The building should take into account the sunpath, prevailing wind orientations, as well as the electricity and gas supply through grid.

Materials used for building zero- carbon building could be cheaper than conventional buildings. It is due to the carefully chosen material with low embedded energy coefficient, with less construction waste.

Suitable plants, after several generations, could be used as biomass for energy production and recycling. Well designed green roofs could also be used for phytoremediation of rain water and grey water of the building.

BRANDING



ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]14ZERO-CARBON PUBLIC BUILDING

SCALEBUILDING


可調整太陽屏幕


A movable, or adjustable system for the interior of the building that could effectively block out sunlight and ensure that the interior would not be overheated. The system should be designed closely related to sun path and the need for sun shading at specific time of the day. Efficient systems could dramatically reduce overheating and the use of air-conditioning system to the interior of glazing facades.

Reichstag, New German Parliament, Foster + Partners

Accessible green roofs provide users of the building a place to interact, turning the roof into a more engaging social space. Unaccessible green roof could also provide a eye-catching green patch for the street and buildings nearby.

constuction and design of the adjustable sun shade has to be taken into account throughout the design of the building, as an integrated system for the facade.

The design of the sun shade include investigation of the sun path, locating suitable patterns for the shade to reduce over-shading, as well as the development of mechanical system that would allow easy adjustments and mainanence.

Suitably used, the sun shade could dramatically reduce possibilities of over-heating to the interior of the building, lowering the output through air-conditioning systems, and thus effectively reducing carbon output.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]21ADJUSTABLE SUN SHADING DEVICE *

SCALEBUILDING

building envelop

都市海藻養植場

Algae cultuvation, or algae farm for biofuel, has been an emergent technology for future use in vehicles and aircrafts. The urban environment provides the perfect scenarios for cultivation of algae. With a relatively warmer environment, with a relatively higher carbon concentration, as well as large surface area and access the sunlight, urban space could become an energy farm, and the greening of the city would also create a spectacle.

vertical algae pools that are attached to the building facade produced greening effect to urban environment. This is a bold statement to the drive against climage change. The algae cultivation could also generate revenue through biofuel technology.

Initial constrction alternation could be minute. Algae pools are attached onto the surface of the building, or could be planted on the surface of the ground. Inital excavation and pumping costs should be taking into consideration.

The initial cost include structural scaffolding for the buildinf facade, algae pool and pumping devices. It also include biofuel factories that turn algae into useable biofuel.

Algae biofuel is a highly profitable business for energy production, as the ingredient is extremely cheap, and the biofuel produced could be as efficient as convential fuel, but cleaner.

BRANDING DEVICE



ENERGY PRODUCTION

URBAN ALGAE FARM [ ]23

SCALEBUILDING

building envelop

灰水回收利用



Greywater reclamation involves natural processes such asa on0site phytoremediation, running greywater through biotopes and reedbeds for purification. It provides a cheap, easy to maintain process for water recycling. It brings in natural processes into water treatment and urban processes.

New water flow and collection tanks have to be installed, together with water purification system, such as pools for biotopes and reedbed landscape.

Initial costs are relatively low. After the initial construction, the landscape needs to be cultivated and maintained, in order to ensure that greywater is flown through nad purified in optimum.

Greywater reclamation is an on site process, that reduces the overall waste production from water treatment plants, and also recycles water for use. It brings in other natural systems and cycles into play, reducing the overal carbon emission through the process.

BRANDING DEVICE


Greywater is non-industrial wastewater generated from domestic processes such as dish washing, laundry and bathing. Greywater comprises 50-80% of residential wastewater. Reclamation of greywater includes collection, purification, and repumping into system for use.

[ ]11GREYWATER RECLAIMATION

SCALEDISTRICT

waste treatment

地熱能量

CARBON REDUCTION EFFICIENCY (5 YEARS)

Geothermal heating is a method of heating and cooling a building. It takes advantage of the natural stable warmth stored in the earth. In warm climates this can be used to cool buildings, and in cooler climates it can be used for warmth. Geothermal heating is one of the most efficient ways to heat a building. It requires no burning of fossil fuels.

Geothermal heating provides a renewable resource for heating interior space through directing water into the depth of the earth.

The initial cost involve excavation of the ground layer to install geothermal water pipes, that would pick up the heat from the Earth. It also include installing heat exchanger for Geothermal water heat, and cool water pumps.

The initial costs of pipes and pumps are relatively low. They are easily sources products commonly found in the market.

Geothermal heat could be used in numerous ways, it could replace heaters and boilers to provide hot water for domestic use when needed. At such, lowering the use of gas and electricity.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]01GEOTHERMAL HEATING

geology

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS

直立式風能渦輪發電


Wind turbines convert wind energy to electricity for distribution. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft runs vertically. Among the advantages of this arrangement are that generators and gearboxes can be placed close to the ground, and that VAWT do not need to be pointed into the wind. Such turbines could be run in total silence.

Since the blades are run vertically, no yaw mechanism is needed, the turbine could be run in total silence.It is an elegant wind turbine that could be situated in urban area since they do not require any support.

Wind turbines are designed to exploit the wind energy that exists at a location. Aerodynamic modeling is used to determine the optimum tower height, control systems, number of blades, and blade shape.

The rotor: approx 20% of the total cost, includes the blades. The generator: approx 34% of the total cost, includes the electrical generator, the control electronics. The structural support: approx 15% of the total cost, includes the tower and rotor pointing mechanism.

Wind turbine could be seen as a symbol of renewable energy sources, and is an effective generator for electricity. VAWT has an elegant design which is very suitable for urban utility, thus making it very suitable for urban carbon reduction proposals..

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]11VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE *


風, 熱能, 生物炭能量結合發電塔


The tower departs from conventional wind towers with its consistency in supply and adaptability within the urban context. Utilising chimney effect to draw in wind energy, as well as solar enery collection, the electricity gernerated is consistent and stable to be consumed through immediate means, instead of feeding back into electricity grid. The tower generates different levels of electricity, depending on the parameters which it is built.

ericsson tower tube prototype

The tower produces consistent energy supply through its combined use of different renewable sources. This allow immediate use of electricity. The tower would also become a physical landmark with its aerodynamic form.

The tower would be located on open ground, locations where solar and wind energy are available.

the estimate cost would include the prototyping and testing of the wind tower, as well as it’s production and implementation on site. Wiring for new electricity supply is also necessary as it is separated from the grid.

If successful, one 40m energy tower would be able to serve 700 households continually, and this wouold in urn reduce carbon emission through electricity production.

BRANDING DEVICE



[ ]12COMBINED ENERGY TOWER


*

被動式冷卻

Passive cooling refers to technologies or design features used to cool buildings without power consumption. These techniques include superinsulation, crossed ventilation, airtightness, advanced window design, alternative building facade material.

Imber Akse House, Canada, Leslie Akse and Barry Imber

Passive cooling is an embedded system within building design and construction. Following simple principles for material use and design principles, buildings could achieve a high degree of thermal comfort without the use of extra energy.

Initial considerations into design and construction is crucial to ensure building factors provides effective means for passive cooling. These include building orientation, window locations, passive ventilation system, etc.

Actual material used for passive cooling could be conventional material, or materials that has low embedded energy and specific thermal mass (which could be cheaper than conventional building material)

With effective construction techniques, and conscious use of building material designed for specific passive environment, building could achieve a very high degree of thermal comfort with love emergy demand.

BRANDING



ENERGY PRODUCTION

[ ]11PASSIVE COLLING

SCALEBUILDING


Sino-German Center Expert’s Living ZoneAgriculture and Bio-energy Zone

CO2

RENEWABLE FUEL

RECYCLABLE ASH

生物炭能量

Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Tt also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers, chemicals or heat. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane.

Biomass energy is a zero-carbon fuel production. It is because the carbon within the biomass is released for energy, which would return to atmosphere, absorbed by new biomass.

The initial construction cost is low. They include systems for collection and sorting of biomass, as well as utilising existing technologies for biomass energy production.

The initial cost for biomass gasification might be high. Biomass gasification plant differs from conventional coal-fuel gasification processes, new sets of equipments and industrial processes have to be introduced.

Biomass energy production is zero-carbon cycles, and if succesfully implemented, would dramatically reduce carbon emission from convetional energy production.

BRANDING DEVICE




[ ]13BIOMASS ENERGY

SCALEDISTRICT

waste treatment

種植實驗與研究


Biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. It refers to the participatory experience of preserving the ecosystem and biological diversity. At a small scale, biotopes could be refered to a neighbouring park, a backyard, even potted plants or fish tank in the porch.

Biotopes are used to cultivate and maintain certain species of plants nad animals within the area. It serves as an area of habitation, that could also be used for water filtration. Biotopes are a big part of landscape that includes water bodies.

Designing of the waterbed is essential in cultivating biotopes of certain heights, as well as the material at the bed, whether they are soil, gravel, sand. Pipes are also to be laid under the soil layer for water to filter through.

Initial cost for the biotope cultivation are minute. They include the purchase of seeds and soil types. regular monitoring and maintanence would effectively sustain the biotopes.

Such biotopes could be cultivated anywhere as long as water is available. This water brings natural cooling effect the the surrounding, and needs very little maintanence due to the prescence of the biotopes.

BRANDING DEVICE



BIOTOPES [ ]51

SCALENATURAL SYSTEMS waterfront

蘆葦床

Reed beds are ‘temporary’ habitats. They are designed to optimise the microbiological, chemical and natural processes that take place in wetlands. Reed bed technology is based upon the cleansing power of the soil dwelling microbes, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, sand or gravel, and finally the plants themselves.

Reed beds are effective ‘stepping stone’ ecologies that involve water filtration, biomass production, and as natural habitats for numerous species living near water, birds and microbes.

Existing waterfronts and reedbed areas would have to be redesigned, allowing specific plants to grow, as well as allowing effluent to flow through specific area for cleansing.

The initial costs include excavating top soil layer of the reed bed, replanting suitable crops for water filtration.

Through time, reed beds could serve as an integral part of numerous dynamic cycles, including for secondary water treatment, resting grounds for seasonal birds, as well as producing biomass for energy production.

BRANDING DEVICE




[ ]52REED BEDS


Leisure Center Test Gardens

Waste Treatment Zone Agriculture and Wetlands Zone Hydro-electric Energy

CO2

RENEWABLE FUEL

RECYCLABLE ASH

生物炭能量

Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Tt also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers, chemicals or heat. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane.

Biomass energy is a zero-carbon fuel production. It is because the carbon within the biomass is released for energy, which would return to atmosphere, absorbed by new biomass.

The initial construction cost is low. They include systems for collection and sorting of biomass, as well as utilising existing technologies for biomass energy production.

The initial cost for biomass gasification might be high. Biomass gasification plant differs from conventional coal-fuel gasification processes, new sets of equipments and industrial processes have to be introduced.

Biomass energy production is zero-carbon cycles, and if succesfully implemented, would dramatically reduce carbon emission from convetional energy production.

BRANDING DEVICE




[ ]13BIOMASS ENERGY

SCALEDISTRICT

waste treatment

種植實驗與研究


Biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. It refers to the participatory experience of preserving the ecosystem and biological diversity. At a small scale, biotopes could be refered to a neighbouring park, a backyard, even potted plants or fish tank in the porch.

Biotopes are used to cultivate and maintain certain species of plants nad animals within the area. It serves as an area of habitation, that could also be used for water filtration. Biotopes are a big part of landscape that includes water bodies.

Designing of the waterbed is essential in cultivating biotopes of certain heights, as well as the material at the bed, whether they are soil, gravel, sand. Pipes are also to be laid under the soil layer for water to filter through.

Initial cost for the biotope cultivation are minute. They include the purchase of seeds and soil types. regular monitoring and maintanence would effectively sustain the biotopes.

Such biotopes could be cultivated anywhere as long as water is available. This water brings natural cooling effect the the surrounding, and needs very little maintanence due to the prescence of the biotopes.

BRANDING DEVICE



BIOTOPES [ ]51


蘆葦床

Reed beds are ‘temporary’ habitats. They are designed to optimise the microbiological, chemical and natural processes that take place in wetlands. Reed bed technology is based upon the cleansing power of the soil dwelling microbes, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, sand or gravel, and finally the plants themselves.

Reed beds are effective ‘stepping stone’ ecologies that involve water filtration, biomass production, and as natural habitats for numerous species living near water, birds and microbes.

Existing waterfronts and reedbed areas would have to be redesigned, allowing specific plants to grow, as well as allowing effluent to flow through specific area for cleansing.

The initial costs include excavating top soil layer of the reed bed, replanting suitable crops for water filtration.

Through time, reed beds could serve as an integral part of numerous dynamic cycles, including for secondary water treatment, resting grounds for seasonal birds, as well as producing biomass for energy production.

BRANDING DEVICE




[ ]52REED BEDS


Leisure Center Test Gardens

Waste Treatment Zone Agriculture and Wetlands Zone Hydro-electric Energy

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Field Structures Infrastructure Prototypes Biomass and Waste Treatment Facilities

Roads, paths, and bridges

Housing

TypologyA study of every structure type was developed prior to the development of the plan.

RenderingThe rendered image suggests a sense of prototypes incorporated into the landscape while preserving much of the original characteristics of the site.

MasterplanThe masterplan organizes the program into several dense clusters, leaving the rest of the site in its original agrarian condition. Each cluster is depicted in a series of frames that analyze the figure ground relationship of the program in its niche. Additionally, the site conceived as a loom, with a fabric like orientation that would be the structure for a type of infrastructure network.

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Of fice: Diamond and Schmitt ArchitectsProject: Schulich School of Engineering

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Recent Sketches and Experiments

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Tea House

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Transcript of Tea House