TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology

8/3/2019 TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology

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EVOLUTION OF SDH

TECHNOLOGY


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PLESIOCHRONOUS

DIGITAL HIERARCHY

(PDH)


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PULSE CODE MODULATION

Voice Frequency ranges upto 4 Khz

Sampling the Voice Signal @ 8 Khz(Double the Max. Frequency)

8 bits per sample

Digital Bit Rate: 8Khz X 8 = 64 Khz


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BUILDING UP THE BASE

STREAM (2MB)

30 Voice Channels @ 64 Khz

One channel for Frame (64 K)

One channel for Signaling (64 K)

Total number of Channels = 32

Bit Rate: 32 X 64 K= 2048 Khz (2Mb)


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PDH BIT RATES

E1-2048 Kbps (2Mb) [30 Voice Channel]





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PDH HIERARCHY


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PDH PRODUCTS

MULTIPLEXERS:

M12 MUX:4E1 Streams Multiplexed to One E2




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PDH PRODUCTS Contd

OPTICAL:

OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (OLTE)-

8Mb, 34Mb, 140Mb.

OPTICAL REGENERATOR EQUIPMENT-

34 Mb,140Mb.

OPTIMUX: SINGLE SHELF CONTAINS BOTH MUX AND OLTE


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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - PDH

G.701

Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing, and pulse code modulation(PCM) terms

G.702

Digital hierarchy bit rates

G.703

Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

G.704Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit/s

hierarchical levels

G.705

Characteristics of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) equipment functional

blocks

G.706

Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to basic

frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704
http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.701http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.702http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.703http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.704http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.705http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.706http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.706http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.705http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.704http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.703http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.702http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.701


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LIMITATIONS IN PDH

Different Standards

Systems operates in its own Clock

Proprietary Coding Mechanisms Making

Inter-Operas Ability of System BetweenDifferent Vendors

Not Transparent

Protection Schemes are not available

Ring, Hub Configuration not possible


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SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL

HIERARCHY

(SDH)


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WHY SDH?

High Transmission Rates

Simplified Add & Drop Function

High Availability and Capacity Matching Reliability

Future Proof Platform for New Services

Interconnection


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SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK COMPONENTS


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SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK Contd

Regenerators

Terminal Multiplexers

Add-drop Multiplexers

Digital X-Connect

Network Management System


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SDH/ SONET BIT RATES


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MAPPING OF PDH SIGNAL INTO

SDH SIGNAL


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MAPPING OF PDH SIGNAL INTO

SDH SIGNAL Contd..


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CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY


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CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY

Primary Reference Clock (PRC)

Accuracy : 1 x 10-11 ppm

Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU)Accuracy : 1 x 10-9 ppm

Synchronisation Equipment Clock (SEC)

Accuracy : 4.6 x 10-6 ppm


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AUTOMATIC PROTECTION

SWITCHING(APS)

LINEAR PROTECTION

UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS

BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS


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LINE PROTECTION


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UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS


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BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS


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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT IN SDH


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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT IN SDH

Contd..

PDH


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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - SDH


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ITU RECOMMENDATIONSSDH

Contd


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DENSE WAVELENGTH

DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

(DWDM)


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DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION

MULTIPLEXING

DWDM is a Fiber Optic Transmission

technique that employs light wavelengths

to transmit data Parallel-by-bit or Serial by

Character.


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CHALLENGES IN OPTICAL NETWORKS

Increased service Needs

Fiber exhaust

Layered bandwidth management


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SOLUTIONS

Laying more fiber

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Dense wavelength Division Multiplexing

(DWDM)


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LAYING MORE FIBER

Economic solution where cost of fiberlaying is minimal

May not be able to provide new services orutilize bandwidth management capability

of a unifying optical layer.


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MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

(TDM)

Synchronous

Asynchronous

WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

(WDM)


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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING


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WAVELENGTH DIVISION

MULTIPLEXING


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INCREASED CAPACITY BY

COMBINING TDM WITH DWDM


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CAPACITY OF TDM AND

TDM & DWDM

CWDM vs DWDM


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CWDM vs DWDM

CHARACTERISTISC COARSE WDM DENSE WDM

CHANNEL SPACING LARGE 2500 Ghz

(20 nm)

SMALL 200 Ghz

(0.8 nm)

NUMBER OF BANDS

USED

O;E;S;C AND L C and L

COST PER CHANNEL LOW HIGH

NUMBER OF

CHANNEL DELIVERED

17 TO 18 HUNDREDS OF

CHANNELS

POSSIBLE

AGGREGATE FIBRECAPACITY

20 TO 40 Gbps 100 TO 1000 Gbps

TRANSMISSION

DISTANCE

UPTO 70 Km UPTO 900 Km

BEST APPLICATION SHORT-HAUL LONG HAUL


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COMPONENTS OF A DWDM SYSTEM


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Transponder

Multiplexer

Fiber

Amplifier

Demultiplexer

Receiver

COMPONENTS OF A DWDM SYSTEM

Contd


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LIMITING FACTORS IN A DWDM SYSTEM

ABBREVATION


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ABBREVATION

PMD-POLORIZATION MODE

DISPERSION

SPM- SELF PHASE MODULATION

XPM- CROSS PHASE MODULATION

FWM- FOUR WAVE MIXING

RAMAN-STIMULATED RAMANSCATTERING

BRILLOUIN-STIMULATED BRILLOUINSCATTERING


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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - DWDM

G.694.1

Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid G.694.2

Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid

G.695

Optical interfaces for coarse wavelength division

multiplexing applications G.696.1

Intra-domain DWDM applications

G.697

Optical monitoring for DWDM systems

G.698.1

Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical

interfaces

METROPOLITAN NETWORKS
http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.2http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.695http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.696.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.697http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.698.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.698.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.697http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.696.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.695http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.2http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.1


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METROPOLITAN NETWORKS


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ALL OPTICAL NETWORKS (AON)


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THANK YOU

TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology

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