TAX 1 Plant Taxonomy

Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi

Fayoum universityFayoum universityFaculty of scienceFaculty of scienceBotany departmentBotany department

PLANTPLANT TAXONOMYTAXONOMY

ForFor 22ndnd year students year students

Prepared by: Asmaa Khamiss Revised by: Dr. Prepared by: Asmaa Khamiss Revised by: Dr. Hesham ElfayoumiHesham Elfayoumi

Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Plant taxonomy is the science which deals with Plant taxonomy is the science which deals with identificationidentification , , nomen-clature nomen-clature and and classificationclassification of of the plants on the basis of their similarities and the plants on the basis of their similarities and differences (phylogenetic relationships)differences (phylogenetic relationships)..

This science concerns with the flowering plants This science concerns with the flowering plants ((AngiospermsAngiosperms) which are the dominant class of ) which are the dominant class of the vascular plants on the earththe vascular plants on the earth..


Characters of the flowering plantsCharacters of the flowering plants::

11-- They have true flowerThey have true flower..22-- In the female flowers: ovules enclosed in the In the female flowers: ovules enclosed in the

ovaryovary..33-- After pollination and fertilization the ovules After pollination and fertilization the ovules

develop into seeds and the ovary wall develops develop into seeds and the ovary wall develops to form the fruitto form the fruit..

44-- seeds include the embryo which consists of: seeds include the embryo which consists of: embryonic organs, plumule,radicle embryonic organs, plumule,radicle and1and1oror2cotyledon(s)2cotyledon(s)..


The flowerThe flower

It is a modified shoot acting as a reproductive It is a modified shoot acting as a reproductive organorgan..

The elongated axis (internode) of a The elongated axis (internode) of a vegetative shoot is reduced into horizontal vegetative shoot is reduced into horizontal or cup- shaped disc known as: or cup- shaped disc known as: receptaclereceptacle ((thalamusthalamus) on which the floral leaves are ) on which the floral leaves are insertedinserted..


Different parts of the flowerDifferent parts of the flower::

11 - -The flower arises on axile of leaf calledThe flower arises on axile of leaf called bractbract

which may be

Green coloured Reduced


Green bractGreen bract

Colored bractColored bract


Reduced bractReduced bract


Green bractGreen bract most of the plantsmost of the plants..

Coloured bract Coloured bract BouganvilleaBouganvillea

Scaly(reduced)Scaly(reduced)

bract bract Umbelliferae Umbelliferae

Sometimes bracts grouped together and form astructure known as Sometimes bracts grouped together and form astructure known as involucreinvolucre..

CompositaeCompositae


22-- PedicelPedicelIt is the stalk of the flowerIt is the stalk of the flower..

Flower may beFlower may be

Pedicellate: SessilePedicellate: Sessile:: With pedicel Without pedicelWith pedicel Without pedicel

center


Dissection of the flowerDissection of the flower::

Flower may beFlower may be

All the floral parts One or moreAll the floral parts One or more

are present. missing part (s)are present. missing part (s)..

Complete flower consists ofComplete flower consists of

Complete: Incomplete:

Non-essential parts Essential parts


33-- Non-essential (subsidary) floral partsNon-essential (subsidary) floral parts

May beMay be

Differentiated intoDifferentiated into

CalyxCalyx CorollaCorolla**Outer whorl. Outer whorl. **Inner whorlInner whorl..

**Green in color. Green in color. **ColoredColored..

**Consists of Consists of sepals sepals **Consists ofConsists of which may be free which may be free petals petals which may which may

or united. be free or unitedor united. be free or united..

Perianth


CalyxCalyxFree sepalsFree sepals

))PolysepalousPolysepalous((

United sepalsUnited sepals

))GamosepalousGamosepalous((


CorollaCorollaFree petalsFree petals

))PolypetalousPolypetalous((

United petalsUnited petals

))GamopetalousGamopetalous((


There is a floral part called There is a floral part called epicalyxepicalyx, which may confuse, which may confuse

with the calyx, epicalyx present in family with the calyx, epicalyx present in family Malvaceae; Malvaceae; It It arises at the base of the calyxarises at the base of the calyx. .


Types of polypetalous corollaTypes of polypetalous corolla: :

**RosaceousRosaceous::e.g.e.g.: : RosaceaeRosaceae

**CruciformCruciform:: e.g.e.g.: : CruciferaeCruciferae


**PapilionaceousPapilionaceous::e.g.e.g.: Paoilionaceae: Paoilionaceae


**Caesalpinaceous:Caesalpinaceous: With marked petalWith marked petal..e.g.e.g.: : CaesalpinaceaeCaesalpinaceae

**CaryophyllaceousCaryophyllaceous::e.g.e.g.: : CaryophyllaceaeCaryophyllaceae


Caryophyllaceous corollaCaryophyllaceous corolla


Types of gamopetalous corollaTypes of gamopetalous corolla::

**Urceolate:Urceolate: Urn-shaped (pitcher-like) corollaUrn-shaped (pitcher-like) corollae.g.e.g.: : EricaceaeEricaceae

**Rotate:Rotate: Wheel-shaped corollaWheel-shaped corollae.g.e.g.: : SolanumSolanum


**FunnelFunnel:: e.g.e.g.: : ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae

**Salver:Salver: Star-shaped corollaStar-shaped corolla.. e.g.e.g.: : Vinca roseaVinca rosea


Contorted corollaContorted corolla


**Campinulate:Campinulate: Bell-shaped corollaBell-shaped corolla..e.g.e.g.: : CampinulaceaeCampinulaceae

**Tubular:Tubular: The upper part of corolla is star in shape, the lower The upper part of corolla is star in shape, the lower part is tubularpart is tubular..e.g.e.g.: : TubulifloraeTubuliflorae disc floret disc floret..


Tubular corollaTubular corolla


**Ligulate:Ligulate: Ligule-shaped corollaLigule-shaped corolla..e.g.: Liguliflorae e.g.: Liguliflorae ray floretray floret..

**Bilabiate:Bilabiate: Corolla of tow lips,the upper one of 2 united petals Corolla of tow lips,the upper one of 2 united petals and the lower part of 3 united petals. and the lower part of 3 united petals. e.g.e.g.: : LabiataeLabiatae


Non-differentiated intoNon-differentiated into calyx & corollacalyx & corolla

It may be known asIt may be known as

Perianth TepalsPerianth Tepals **In dicots. *In monocotsIn dicots. *In monocots . .

* * It inturn may be. *It inturn may beIt inturn may be. *It inturn may be..

Sepaloid Petaloid Reduced PetaloidSepaloid Petaloid Reduced PetaloidWith green With colored With green With colored e.g.: e.ge.g.: e.g:.:.

units. units. units. units. Graminae IridaceaeGraminae Iridaceaee.g.: Cheno- e.g.: Nyctagie.g.: Cheno- e.g.: Nyctagi - -

Podiaceae naceaePodiaceae naceae


Sepaloid perianthSepaloid perianth

Petaloid perianthPetaloid perianth


Reduced tepalsReduced tepals

Petaloid tepalsPetaloid tepals


According to the arrangement of the perianth units in different According to the arrangement of the perianth units in different number of whorls , perianth may benumber of whorls , perianth may be::

**Di-merous:Di-merous: 2 units in each whorl2 units in each whorl..

e.g.e.g.: : PapaverPapaver

**Tri-merous:Tri-merous: 3 units in each whorl3 units in each whorl..

e.g.e.g.: most of monocots: most of monocots


**Tetra-merous:Tetra-merous: 4 units in each whorl4 units in each whorl..

e.g.e.g.: : CruciferaeCruciferae

**Penta-merous:Penta-merous: 5 units in each whorl5 units in each whorl..

e.g.e.g.: most of dicots: most of dicots..

TAX 1 Plant Taxonomy

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