Essence of

Jainism-

Tattvartha Sutra

Essence of

Jainism-

Tattvartha Sutra

C 1997 by The Jain Center of Greater Boston., Inc. All rights reserved.

Mini-Presentation

Jain Center of Greater BostonVersion A1.0, November 1998

Jain Center of BostonJain Center of Boston Yogendra Jain (Coordinator) Dr. Sanjay Jain Manish Kasliwal Parimal Pandya Archit Shah Nitin Sogani Preeti Jain (Graphics)

Tattvartha SutraTattvartha Sutra Teachings of Mahavira Scripture to learn All That Is (Jain

Religion, Ethics, Philosophy) Written by (Acharya) Umasvati in

the second century Translated by Dr. Nathmal Tatia Accepted by all Jain Sects

The Goal of Human

Life is Liberation

Liberation is Perfect

Knowledge, Perfect

Intuition, and Eternal

Bliss All Knowledge is

Partial Truth Except Omniscience

Author’s AssumptionsAuthor’s AssumptionsLiberation

Omniscience

The Goal of Human

Life is Liberation

Liberation is Perfect

Knowledge, Perfect

Intuition, and Eternal

Bliss All Knowledge is

Partial Truth Except Omniscience

Author’s AssumptionsAuthor’s AssumptionsLiberation

Omniscience

Roots of Tattvartha Sutra

Roots of Tattvartha Sutra

500 BC Mahavira’s Teachings << transmitted by his disciples>>100 AD Written in Sanskrit by Umaswati

1900’s: Several English Translations1997 : Toronto Jain Convention: First multi-media presentation by Jain Center of Greater Boston

Our AgendaOur Agenda(Part 1)

Introduction Who Am I Enlightened

Person Six Universal Sub. Knowledge Anekantvad Soul’s Link to the

World<Break>

(Part 2) Karmic Bondage Inhibiting and

Wearing off Karma

Vows 14 Gunsthans Meditation Liberation Discussions

Essence of JainismEssence of Jainism Non-Violence (Ahimsa)

Strengthens the autonomy of life of every being

Non-One-Sideness(Anekantavad) Strengthens the autonomy of thought

of every individual

Non-Possession (Aparigraha) Strengthens the

interdependence of all existence

Who Am I?Who Am I?

? Why am I here?

From where did I come?

Where am I going?

Who am I ?Who am I ? I am a symbiosis of physical and

spiritual substances Why am I here?

I am here to realize who I am From where did I come?

I come from the past karmic influences

Where am I going? I am moving towards liberation

Fundamentals of Existence

Fundamentals of Existence

Beginninglessness Dynamic Interplay

of Physical and Spiritual Reality

Cause and Effect (through Karma)

Enlightened Person

Enlightened Person

Wandering Souls

TIME AW

AR

EN

ES

S

The Journey StartsThe Journey Starts

Path to Liberation (Three Jewels)

Path to Liberation (Three Jewels)

Enlightened World-View (Samyak Darshan)

Enlightened Knowledge (Samyak Gyan) Types of Knowledge Bhavanas

Enlightened Conduct (Samyak Charitra) Lay Vows Holy Vows

Wandering Souls

Karmic Bondage and Inflow

and Liberation

Karmic Shedding

The Vows

Non-Violence

Purity of Thought

TIME AW

AR

EN

ES

S

Path to LiberationPath to Liberation Omniscience

Types of KnowledgeTypes of Knowledge

KNOWLEDGEMediate (Acquired) Immediate (Innate)

Empirical

Articulate

• Gained through the senses

• Mind’s ability to comprehend what is sensed

• Conceptualization through language

(mati)

(shrut)

Clairvoyant

Mind-reading

Omniscient

• Act of seeing the objects of another’s mind

• Knowledge of all other substances in all their modes

• Perception of things that are outof the natural range of senses

(avadhi)

(manahparyaya)

(keval)

(Pratyaksha)(Paroksha)

Knowledge : Key To Omniscience/Liberatio

n

Knowledge : Key To Omniscience/Liberatio

n

MoreDelusion

MoreDelusion

MoreEnlightened

MoreEnlightened

K A R M A SK A R M A S*

Partial Elimination&

Partial Suppression

K N O W L E D G EK N O W L E D G EClairvoyance

Other than omniscience, all other categories are mixture of knowledge & ignorance Omniscience is perfect Innate, pure enlightenment

Six Universal SubstancesSix Universal Substances

Substances in the Universe

Substances in the Universe

MatterMatter

(pudgal)

JivaJiva

(jiva)

TimeTime

(kal)

SpaceSpace(akash)

Medium of Rest

Medium of Rest

(adharma)

Medium of MotionMedium

of Motion(dharma)

Nature of

Soul

Nature of

Soul

CLASSES OF SOUL

2 CLASSES

Worldly(Sansari

k)

Worldly(Sansari

k)

Liberated(Siddha)

Liberated(Siddha)

QUALITIES OF SOUL QUALITIES

EverlastingEverlasting

SentienceSentience

Omniscience

Omniscience

STATES OF SOUL

5 STATES

SuppressionSuppression

EliminationElimination

MixingMixing

SheddingShedding

PurificationPurification

++- -

+

Bondage of KarmaBondage of Karma

Bondage is the process by which karma are attached to the soul

++- -

+

Seven TattvasSeven Tattvas Jiva (souls)

Ajiva (non-sentient entities)

Inflow - Asrava (inflow of karmic particles to the soul)

Binding - Bandha (binding of karmic part. to the soul)

Stopping - Samvara (stopping the karmic inflow)

Shedding - Nirjara (falling away of karmic particles)

Liberation - Moksh (liberation from worldly bondage)

Choice: Circle of Life or Moksha

Choice: Circle of Life or Moksha

Circle of Life

Moksha

and “Death”

Realityand

Anekantavad

Realityand

Anekantavad

Approach to TruthApproach to Truth

Gateways OfInvestigation

Approved Means Of Knowledge

PhilosophicalStandpoint

The categories of truth can be understood with more precision and clarity through these 3 ways

Jain PerspectiveJain Perspective

Doctrine of Non-

absolutism(Anekantava

d)

Doctrine of Non-

absolutism(Anekantava

d)

Philosophical Standpoints (Nayavad)

Philosophical Standpoints (Nayavad)

Sevenfold Predication

[Sapta-bhanginya]

Sevenfold Predication

[Sapta-bhanginya]

VIEWS OF REALITYVIEWS OF REALITY

Philosophy of Being (substances) and Philosophy of Becoming (modes) Are Both Real And Integral

Philosophy Of Being(Unchanging)

Stresses Substance

EVER UNCHANGING

LIKE THE SUN

(guna)

Philosophy Of Becoming (Always Changing)

Stresses Modes

EVERCHANGING

LIKE THEWEATHER

(paryaya)

The Nature of RealityThe Nature of Reality

Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes

Modes

Water

H O2

Non-One-Sidedness(Nayavad-Syadvad)Non-One-Sidedness(Nayavad-Syadvad)The same reality can be viewed

from different standpoints - Doctrine of “MAY-BE”

water

Changelessness Beneath ChangesChangelessness

Beneath Changes

SOUL

Non-One-SidednessNon-One-Sidedness(ANEKANTAVAD)(ANEKANTAVAD)

EXISTENCE NON-EXISTENCE

INEXPRESSIBILITY

1 2

3

6

4

57

The Seven Fold Predication of the Real

Does Truth Exist ?Does Truth Exist ?

Anekantvada- Reduce Ego- Keep an open mind

Truth Exists(Time Specific)

Inhibiting

and Wearing

off

of Karmas

Inhibiting

and Wearing

off

of Karmas

Karma’s InflowKarma’s Inflow

Speech

Action

Thought

+

Karma Inflow

Events:• Troubling thoughts - Inflow (Asrava)• Mind constantly thinking - Bondage

(Bandha)• Let bygones be bygones - Stoppage

(Samvara)• Practice austerity- Shedding (Nirjara)

Accident on Route to Nirvana

Accident on Route to NirvanaScenario: A person meeting an accident with a car

Result: Vibration of soul in association with mind and body

Types of Karmic Bondage

Types of Karmic Bondage

Knowledge CoveringIntuition CoveringSensationDeluding (View,

Conduct)Life SpanBodyStatusObstructive

Dest

ructi

ve (

Gh

ati

a)

Karm

a Non

-Destru

ctive

(A

gh

atia

) K

arm

a

Karmic Bondage CycleKarmic Bondage Cycle

Omniscient

+

++

Only Non-Destructive

Karmas

Inhibition and Wearing Off

+

+

Less Intensity

-

+ +

Self-Restraint

-

+ +

KarmicParticles

ActionsMind, Body, Speech -

+ +Dormant Karma

ReactionFruition Occurs

+ +

-

-

+ +Strong Intensity

Strong Passi

ons

Are Beneficial Karmas Good?

Are Beneficial Karmas Good?

Give worldlypleasures

Give worldly pain

More harmful karmas

More beneficial karmas

.

7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear off Karma

7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear off Karma

Right Control

12 Reflections

Mind, Body, Speech

Moving Carefully

Practicing AusteritiesRight

Conduct

Enduring Hardships

3. Observing 10 Dharmas

3. Observing 10 Dharmas

Forgiveness

Straightforwardness

Purity

Truthfulness

Self Restraint

Austerity

Renunciation

Detachment

ContinenceHumility

VowsVows

Doors of Inflow of Karmas

Doors of Inflow of Karmas

5 SENSES Touch Taste Smell Sight Hearing

5 INDULGENCES Causing Injury Lying Stealing Incontinence Possessiveness

4 PASSIONS

Anger Pride

(Ego) Deceit Greed

25 URGES Evil Torture Deceitful ... Possessive

clinging

Control Your PassionsControl Your Passions

Passions

Passions

PassionsPassions

+/- Karma

Less Karmas

EMOTIONS

EMOTIONS

AngerPrideDeceitGreed

Vows help in minimizing passions

Activities to Support Vows

Activities to Support Vows Non-stealing

Celibacy

Truthfulness

Non-Violence

Non-Possessiveness

Not Negation of Life,But Affirmation of

the Eternal

Not Negation of Life,But Affirmation of

the Eternal

Celebrate life with the ultimate vision

GunasthansGunasthans

Suppresion/Elimination

(Stage: 8,9,10,11)

Suppresion/Elimination

(Stage: 8,9,10,11)

+++

- -

+-

Omniscience (Final Stage: 14)

Omniscience (Final Stage: 14)

MeditationMeditation

Types of MeditationTypes of Meditation

Analytic White (Pure)

Mournful Wrathful

MeditationMeditation

LiberationLiberation

LiberationLiberationLiberation

Omniscience

Knowledge Covering

Intuition Covering

View DeludingSensation

Body

Status

Obstructive

Life span

The Soul After Liberation

The Soul After Liberation

What after Liberation ? Soul’s separation Soul’s upward motion Soul’s arrival at the border of cosmic

space What is the soul’s nature after

liberation Pure and perfect enlightened world view Enlightened knowledge Enlightened intuition