TAPFIN Quarterly Market Report European Contingent Workforce · United Kingdom: UK executives call...

Q4, 2018

TAPFIN Quarterly Market Report

European Contingent Workforce

2

Table of Contents

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The Purpose of this Quarterly Market Report is to give an European overview of key trends and metrics

around the European Workforce, from both the overall Employment numbers, and the Employment Outlook,

based upon research and analysis conducted within ManpowerGroup.

It should not be interpreted as legal advice. Please consult with legal counsel to ensure that you are in

compliance with all applicable laws.

4

Europe Q4, 2018 Overview

ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | MEOS Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

Eastern Europe

• Mass migration from Hungary has resulted in ~5% of

the country’s working-age population immigrate to

other European Union countries, creating a growing

labor shortage. In response, the Hungarian

Parliament passed amendments to the country’s labor

code that raise the yearly cap on overtime from 250 to

400 hours per year and permit companies to defer

overtime payments to employees for up to three years.

• In Poland, minimum wages increased on January 1,

2019. The minimum monthly remuneration for work is

now PLN 2,250 gross while the minimum hourly rate

for contractors is PLN 14,70 gross.

• Czech Republic government policies remain

business-friendly and continue to encourage foreign

capital inflows.

Western Europe

• The German legislature increased the nationwide

minimum wage effective January 1, 2019, from EUR 8.84

to EUR 9.19 per hour.

• In the United Kingdom, both the National Living Wage

(NLW) and National Minimum Wage (NMW) rates will

increase in April 2019. Under the new NLW, the minimum

hourly rate that workers aged 25 and over are entitled to

will increase from £7.83 to £8.21. At the same time, the

NMW rate for workers aged between 21-24 will increase

from £7.38 to £7.70 an hour; the rate for 18-20 year olds

will increase from £5.90 to £6.15 an hour and those over

compulsory school age but not yet 18 will experience an

hourly increase from £4.20 to £4.35. The minimum rate for

apprentices will also increase from £3.70 an hour to £3.90

an hour.

• Starting January 1, 2019, employers in France became

responsible for withholding tax from employee salaries

(also pensions and French property income). Employers

are required to make the deduction based on the

employees’ individual levy rate and reflect it in monthly

employee pay checks.

6ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | MEOS Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

Turnover Competition

Training Costs High

Employment

Costs

Lack of

Engagement

Skills

Shortage

4

6

5 2

1

3

Job Retention

Market Saturation

Core Skills

Escalating Wages

Candidate Driven

Workforce

Investment

Industries are no longer segregated and many core hiring

needs transcend many or all sectors.

When you are hiring, EVERYONE is a competitor.


NORTH AMERICA

77% of job

openings require

an Associate's

degree or greater,

while 35% of

workforce only a

Highschool

diploma/GED

EUROPE*

48% of all IT openings require degree,

while 26% of candidates have one:

• JAVA (37% require Bachelors, 29%

have Bachelors)

• SW Developer (43% require

Bachelors, 29% have Bachelors)

• PYTHON (46% require Bachelors,

27% have Bachelors)

• CLOUD (49% require Bachelors, 31%

have Bachelors)

ASIA

Educational requirements vary, but remain above attainment levels of candidates

• Singapore – only 51% of IT jobs require degree

• Philippines – 64% of IT jobs require a degree

• Malaysia – 53% of IT jobs require a degree

*France is an exception as 79% of IT jobs require a degree, and 63% of candidates have oneManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | MEOS Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

9

Q4, 2018 Legal Overview

Legal Q4 OverviewUnited Kingdom: Government consultation on mandatory ethnicity pay reporting (Source: DLA)

A consultation has been launched asking employers to contribute their views on implementing mandatory ethnicity pay reporting. It sets out options and asks questions on what ethnicity pay information should be reported

by employers to allow for meaningful action, who should be expected to report, and the next steps to be taken.

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/viewContent.action?key=Ec8teaJ9Vaof1lEpr8d9CMxgHJMKLFEppVpbbVX%2B3OXcP3PYxlq7sZUjdbSm5FIeKWFPxYAeu73dzoxprWhI6w%3D%3D&nav=FRbANEucS95NMLRN

47z%2BeeOgEFCt8EGQ0qFfoEM4UR4%3D&emailtofriendview=true&freeviewlink=true

Germany: Germany is the world’s most innovative economy (Source: World Economic Forum)

Germany is currently in the driving seat when it comes to innovation - thanks in part to the speed it’s developing new technologies like driverless cars. In the World Economic Forum’s latest Global Competitiveness Report, Germany came top as the world’s most innovative economy, with a score of 87.5 out of 100 in the Innovation capability pillar - one of the 12 drivers of a country’s productivity.

It outperformed the US, the world’s most competitive economy, which came second for innovation (86.5), with Switzerland in third place (82.1).According to the new index, the speed at which countries can adopt new ideas, methods and products will give them a competitive edge as the Fourth Industrial Revolution continues apace.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/germany-is-the-worlds-most-innovative-economy/

United Kingdom: UK executives call for second Brexit vote, 180,000 employees get a pay rise (Source: BBC / The Guardian)

Britons who work for one of the 4,700 companies that signed up to the real Living Wage will be getting a 2.8% pay rise this week. The rate - not to be confused with the National Living Wage, which is £7.83 per hour - has risen to £9 per hour, £10.55 in London. The BBC reported that some 180,000 workers will qualify. Google, Aviva and IKEA are among the firms that agreed to pay the higher rate - devised by the Real Living Wage Foundation - to staff.

The National Living Wage is the legally binding hourly rate for workers aged 25 and over. It was set at £7.83 an hour in April 2018 and is reviewed every year just like the National Minimum Wage (for under 25s). The real living wage was devised by charity the Living Wage Foundation. It argues the government's National Living Wage is not high enough to meet workers' needs and encourages employers to adopt to its more generous, independently calculated rate.

"Employers that pay the real living wage enable their workers to live a life of dignity, supporting them to pay off debts and meet the pressures of rising bills," said Living Wage Foundation director Tess Lanning.

"We want to see local councils, universities, football clubs, bus companies and the other major public and private sector employers in every city commit to become real living wage employers."

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46077189

ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | QMR Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/viewContent.action?key=Ec8teaJ9Vaof1lEpr8d9CMxgHJMKLFEppVpbbVX%2B3OXcP3PYxlq7sZUjdbSm5FIeKWFPxYAeu73dzoxprWhI6w%3D%3D&nav=FRbANEucS95NMLRN47z%2BeeOgEFCt8EGQ0qFfoEM4UR4%3D&emailtofriendview=true&freeviewlink=true

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2018.pdf

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/germany-is-the-worlds-most-innovative-economy/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46077189

United Kingdom: UK employers hire staff at fastest pace in five months - REC (Source: Reuters)

British employers hired permanent staff at the fastest rate in five months in August, a recruiters’ body said on Friday, but it questioned how long this would continue in the face of uncertainty about Brexit.

The Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC) report also showed starting salaries for permanent staff picked up last month at the second-fastest pace in more than three years.

Overall the monthly survey, produced with data firm IHS Markit, added to signs of a tightening labour market in Britain, with companies struggling to find the workers they need. Net migration of European Union nationals into Britain

has fallen markedly since British voters opted to leave the bloc in a June 2016 referendum.

But employment has continued to grow strongly and the unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest levels since the mid-1970s.

https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-economy-employment/uk-employers-hire-staff-at-fastest-pace-in-five-months-rec-idUKKCN1LN00C

Spain: Spain Jobless Rate Lowest Since 2008 (Source: Trading Economics)

The unemployment rate in Spain declined to 14.55 in the third quarter of 2018 from 15.28 percent in the previous period and below market expectations of 14.9 percent. It was the lowest jobless rate since the last quarter of 2008.

Among regions, the highest rates were recorded in Ceuta (30.8 percent), Melilla (24 percent) Andalucía (22.9 percent) and Extremadura (21.7 percent) and the lowest in Balears Illes (7.2 percent), Cantabria (9 percent) and País Vasco

(9.4 percent). In Catalonia, jobless rate was 10.6 percent and in Madrid 11.9 percent.

The number of unemployed people dropped by 164,100 to 3.326 million, with the highest declines seen in Catalonia (-28,300), Balears Illes (-24,600) and Castilla-La Mancha (-23,800). By age, most decreases were seen for those aged

25-54 (-121,600); those with more than 55 (-48,600) and those aged 16-24 (-1,900). Meanwhile, unemployment among people aged 20-24 rose by 8,000. https://tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-rate

Global: Global leaders and companies pledge to reduce the gender pay gap by 2030 (Source: OECD)

Global leaders from governments, private sector companies, trade unions and civil society pledged to take concrete action towards closing the gender pay gap by 2030. The global commitments – to ensure women in every sector of

the workforce are paid equally to men for doing work of equal value – were made at the Equal Pay International Coalition (EPIC) Pledging event held during the United Nations General Assembly in New York.

Globally, and in every sector of the workforce, women are paid less than men for doing work of equal value. Unequal pay is one of the most persistent barriers to women’s success at work and to economic growth, and is a critical

problem that has been prioritized in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), in particular SDG 8.5 and 5. Equal pay, in addition to empowering women, can have a significant impact on achieving other key goals, such as

promoting inclusive societies, reducing poverty, and creating conditions for decent work and gender equality.

Secretary-General of the OECD, Angel Gurría, said, “Gender pay gaps are not only unfair for those who suffer them, but they are also detrimental to our economies. If you do not have equal pay productivity suffers, competitiveness

suffers and the economy at large suffers.” He asserts that “it is in our power to make an immediate improvement in the quality of life of hundreds of millions of women and their families if we succeed in delivering equal pay for men and

women.”

Governments from Peru to Jordan to Switzerland to Canada demonstrated their shared vision to accelerate progress to achieve equal pay by pledging to:

• Implement legislation that prohibits unequal remuneration in the public and private sectors

• Establish National Commissions that monitor the compliance of equal remuneration laws

• Launch national awareness campaigns on the importance of equal pay

http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/global-leaders-and-companies-pledge-to-reduce-the-gender-pay-gap-by-2030.htm


Legal Q4 Overview

https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-economy-employment/uk-employers-hire-staff-at-fastest-pace-in-five-months-rec-idUKKCN1LN00C

https://tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-rate


UK: ECJ rules that a worker cannot automatically lose his acquired rights to paid annual leave because he did not apply for leave (Source: DLA Piper)

The European Court of Justice (Henceforth ECJ) has handed down judgment on 6 November 2018 in Kreuziger v Land-Berlin and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, a case concerning the circumstances in which the right to compensation in lieu of annual leave on termination of employment may be lost. The ECJ concluded that a worker cannot automatically lose his acquired right to paid annual leave because he did not apply for leave.

This decision has significant implications for UK employers as it indicates that the ‘use it or lose it’ provisions of the Working Time Regulations 1998 may be incompatible with the WTD in situations where employers have not provided sufficient information to workers to enable them to actually exercise their right to leave. Employers should consider whether to issue reminders prior to the end of the leave year encouraging employees to take their leave and informing them that unused leave will be lost. The alternative may be that accrued untaken leave may be carried over indefinitely. This is particularly a risk where the employees may be able to claim that the culture of the workplace or the workload discourages the taking of leave.https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/uk-ecj-rules-that-a-worker-cannot-automatically-lose-his-acquired-rights-to-paid-annual-leave-because-he-did-not-apply-for-leave

United Kingdom: Government response to consultation on parental bereavement leave and pay regulations (Source: DLA Piper)

The Parental Bereavement (Leave and Pay) Bill received Royal Assent on 13 September 2018. The Act will come into force in April 2020 and will create a statutory right to time off work for employed parents, with pay where eligibility requirements are met, following the loss of a child. The Act will be supported by Regulations which will implement the key details of the Government’s policy on parental bereavement leave and pay. The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) launched a public consultation on what the Regulations will need to cover on 28 March 2018. The public consultation closed on 8th June 2018. On 2nd November, the Government published their response to the consultation. Summarized below are the governments decisions:

Under the Act, the question of who qualifies as a ‘bereaved parent’ for the purposes of accessing parental bereavement leave and pay must be defined in the Regulations. The Government has stated that the specification of who is eligible should be someone who is a ‘primary carer’, and whose relationship with the child is ‘parental’ in nature. This definition will include all legal parents, people who are not the child’s legal parents but who have a ‘parental’ relationship with the child which is recognized in law and individuals such as foster parents, kinship carers and others who are acting as the child’s ‘parent’.

The Act provides for parents to take a minimum of two weeks of parental bereavement leave and pay within a period of at least 56 days (8 weeks), beginning with the date of the death of a child, and enables the Secretary of State to make provision for a longer period of time over which the leave and pay can be taken in the Regulations. The Government has decided to extend the period within which leave can be taken to 56 weeks.

The Government intends to take a two-tiered approach in the Regulations regarding the requirement to provide notice. No notice will be required for leave taken ‘very soon’ after the date of the child’s death. This will apply for a set period of weeks after the death, in order to allow employees to choose whether they want to take the leave or remain at work. If an employee chooses to take the leave after the initial period following the death, notice will be required. The Government proposes that the employee will be required to give at least one week’s notice to their employer before taking parental bereavement leave.

The Government has stated that the evidence requirements will mirror, where appropriate, the evidence requirements used in other family leave and pay rights, recognizing the special circumstances that apply to bereaved parents. They have proposed that a declaration of eligibility will only be required when the employer requests it, as far as is practicable, to minimize the burden on the employee. The Government has not made it clear whether it would be appropriate to request a written declaration in all circumstances, but are clear that an employee who needs to take time off work to grieve in the initial period after the death of their child will not need to provide a written declaration confirming their entitlement before taking time off work.

For existing family leave pay rights, the employee is required to provide their employer with a written declaration confirming that they meet the eligibility requirements for the pay, irrespective of whether the employer asks for it. The Government also intends to mirror this arrangement for parental bereavement pay, giving a reasonable time frame for the employee to provide the declaration. This will not interfere with the employee’s right to take parental bereavement leave.

The Regulations are due to be released before the Act comes into force in April 2020.https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/uk-government-response-to-consultation-on-parental-bereavement-leave-and-pay-regulations


Legal Q4 Overview

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/uk-ecj-rules-that-a-worker-cannot-automatically-lose-his-acquired-rights-to-paid-annual-leave-because-he-did-not-apply-for-leave

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/uk-government-response-to-consultation-on-parental-bereavement-leave-and-pay-regulations

Poland: Possible substantial increase in social security contributions (Source: DLA Piper)

In December 2017, the Polish parliament passed a bill amending the Social Security System Act. The new law is set to come into force on 5 January 2019.

Under current laws in Poland, the basis for calculating certain social security contributions (składki na ubezpieczenia emerytalne i rentowe - retirement and disability contributions) cannot be higher in a given calendar year than 30 times the estimated average monthly remuneration for that year (in 2018 - PLN 133,000/€31,000). In practice this means that after a certain total remuneration is exceeded by a given individual in a given calendar year, pension and disability contributions are no longer payable.

In December 2017, the Polish parliament passed a bill amending the Social Security System Act. According to the bill, the annual limit on the base for the calculation of pension and disability contributions will be removed. Under the new law, pension and disability contributions will be payable on the entire income of a person who is subject to compulsory pension and disability insurance, including employees.

The new law is due to come into force on 1 January 2019. However, some doubts have arisen regarding the compliance of the legislative process relating to the bill with the Polish Constitution (the doubts relate to whether the draft bill was properly consulted with the Social Dialogue Council, trade unions and employers' organisations). On 5 January 2018, the Polish President referred the bill to the Constitutional Tribunal for examination. The Tribunal is to issue a ruling on October 30, 2018. If the Constitutional Tribunal confirms that the legislative process was compliant with the Constitution, the President will sign the bill and the bill will come into force.

Consequently, with respect to employees with a monthly gross salary higher than approximately PLN 11,000. the new law will result in (i) a significant increase in employment costs and (ii) reduction of net salary.

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/poland-possible-substantial-increase-in-social-security-contributions

UK: UK Unemployment Rate Rises to 4.1% (Source: Trading Economics)

The unemployment rate in the UK came in at 4.1 percent in the third quarter of 2018, slightly higher than market expectations of 4 percent. The number of unemployed rose by 21,000 from the April to June period while employment rose by 23,000 and the number of job vacancies hit a fresh record high. Average weekly earnings including bonuses rose 3 percent in the third quarter, the most since Q3 2015; excluding bonuses, wages grew 3.2 percent, the most since Q4 2008.

There were 1.38 million unemployed people, 21,000 more than for April to June 2018 but 43,000 fewer than for a year earlier. The unemployment rate was 4.1 percent, slightly higher than for April to June 2018 but lower than for a year earlier (4.3 percent).

There were 32.41 million people in work, 23,000 more compared with April to June 2018 and 350,000 more than for a year earlier. The employment rate was 75.5 percent, little changed compared with April to June 2018 but higher than for a year earlier (75 percent).

There were 8.74 million people aged from 16 to 64 years who were economically inactive, little changed compared with April to June 2018 but 147,000 fewer than for a year earlier. The economic inactivity rate was 21.2 percent, unchanged compared with April to June 2018 but lower than for a year earlier (21.6 percent).

https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/unemployment-rate


Legal Q4 Overview

https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/poland-possible-substantial-increase-in-social-security-contributions

https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/unemployment-rate

EU: Annual inflation up to 2.1% in the euro area (Source: Eurostat)

The Euro area annual inflation rate was 2.1% in September 2018, up from 2.0% in August. A year earlier, the rate was 1.5%. European Union annual inflation was 2.2% in September 2018, stable compared to August. A year

earlier, the rate was 1.8%. These figures are published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

The lowest annual rates were registered in Denmark (0.5%), Greece (1.1%) and Ireland (1.2%). The highest annual rates were recorded in Romania (4.7%), Hungary (3.7%) and Bulgaria (3.6%). Compared with August 2018, annual

inflation fell in nine Member States, remained stable in four and rose in fourteen. In September 2018, the highest contribution to the annual euro area inflation rate came from energy (+0.90 percentage points, pp), followed by

services (+0.57 pp), food, alcohol & tobacco (+0.51 pp) and non-energy industrial goods (+0.08 pp).

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9307203/2-17102018-AP-EN.pdf/6567cead-7e9b-45e4-a814-e39226c197b2

EU: Euro area unemployment at 8.1% (Source: Eurostat)

The euro area (EA19) seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 8.1% in September 2018, stable compared with August 2018 and down from 8.9% in September 2017. This remains the lowest rate recorded in the euro area

since November 2008. The EU28 unemployment rate was 6.7% in September 2018, stable compared with August 2018 and down from 7.5% in September 2017. This is the lowest rate recorded in the EU28 since the start of the

EU monthly unemployment series in January 2000. These figures are published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Eurostat estimates that 16.574 million men and women in the EU28, of whom 13.153 million in the euro area, were unemployed in September 2018. Compared with August 2018, the number of persons unemployed decreased

by 35 000 in the EU28 and increased by 2 000 in the euro area. Compared with September 2017, unemployment fell by 1.793 million in the EU28 and by 1.309 million in the euro area.

Among the Member States, the lowest unemployment rates in September 2018 were recorded in Czechia (2.3%), Germany and Poland (both 3.4%). The highest unemployment rates were observed in Greece (19.0% in July 2018)

and Spain (14.9%). Compared with a year ago, the unemployment rate fell in 27 Member States and remained stable in Estonia. The largest decreases were registered in Cyprus (from 10.2% to 7.4%), Croatia (from 10.5% to

8.2%), Greece (from 20.9% to 19.0% between July 2017 and July 2018), Portugal (from 8.5% to 6.6%) and Spain (from 16.7% to 14.9%).

In September 2018, the unemployment rate in the United States was 3.7%, down from 3.9% in August 2018 and from 4.2% in September 2017.

Youth unemployment

In September 2018, 3.333 million young persons (under 25) were unemployed in the EU28, of whom 2.403 million were in the euro area. Compared with September 2017, youth unemployment decreased by 385 000 in the

EU28 and by 212 000 in the euro area. In September 2018, the youth unemployment rate was 14.9% in the EU28 and 16.8% in the euro area, compared with 16.5% and 18.3% respectively in September 2017. In September

2018, the lowest rates were observed in Czechia and Germany (both 6.3%) as well as the Netherlands (7.5%), while the highest were recorded in Greece (37.9% in July 2018), Spain (34.3%) and Italy (31.6%).

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9350663/3-31102018-BP-EN.pdf/64eda794-2c0a-434e-952f-ded23f894d48


Legal Q4 Overview

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9307203/2-17102018-AP-EN.pdf/6567cead-7e9b-45e4-a814-e39226c197b2


15

Regional Q4, 2018 Breakdowns

16

Total Workforce

450.4mFull Time Employees

346.3mContingent Workforce

69.1mUnemployed

35.0m

ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | CWI Data| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

CONTINGENT WORKFORCE UNEMPLOYED WORKFORCE

-0.10%UW% Change to PQ

14.52%CW% of TWF

0.01%CW% Change to PQ

7.30%UW% of TWF

Europe, Middle East, and Africa Q4 2018

17

South Africa Employment Outlook, Q4 2018


18

Total Workforce



2.2mUnemployed

668.5k

ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | CWI Data| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential


0.03%UW% Change to PQ

15.24%CW% of TWF


4.64%UW% of TWF

Benelux Q4 2018

19

Belgium Employment Outlook, Q4 2018


20ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | CWI Data| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential



12.91%CW% of TWF


5.19%UW% of TWF

Eastern Europe Q4 2018

Total Workforce



20.9mUnemployed

8.4m

21

Slovenia Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





10.73%CW% of TWF


9.1%UW% of TWF

France Q4 2018

Total Workforce



3.2mUnemployed

2.6m

23

France Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





10.62%CW% of TWF


3.64%UW% of TWF

Germany Q4 2018

Total Workforce



5.6mUnemployed

1.9m

25

Germany Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





23.68%CW% of TWF

-0.22%CW% Change to PQ

14.37%UW% of TWF

Middle East Q4 2018

Total Workforce



19.5mUnemployed

11.8m

27

Turkey Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





9.51%CW% of TWF


5.02%UW% of TWF

Nordics Q4 2018

Total Workforce



1.3mUnemployed

708k

29

Finland Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





18.7%CW% of TWF


12.23%UW% of TWF

Southern Europe Q4 2018

Total Workforce



11.0mUnemployed

7.2m

31

Italy Employment Outlook, Q4 2018





14.82%CW% of TWF

-0.02%CW% Change to PQ

4.18%UW% of TWF

UK and Ireland Q4 2018

Total Workforce



5.3mUnemployed

1.5m

33

UK Employment Outlook, Q4 2018


34

Global Q4, 2018 Overview

35Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2018 Total Workforce IndexManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | QMR Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

Flexibility in labor law, but these

countries require dedicated programs

More innovative models not restricted

to contingent labor are necessary

Flexible legislation and abundant

workers enable MSP delivery in these

markets – usually leveraged on price

An established partner is required in

these markets to manage labor legislation and

achieve flexibility and efficiency

1 Relative rank calculated based on

active regulations related to contractual

terms, costs or labor and termination,

hiring and firing restrictions, and

enforced consequences

2 Relative rank determined by MSP

awareness, knowledge, and adoption

36ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2018 Total Workforce Index


Argentina

Austria

Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

China

Croatia

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Honduras

Hungary

India

Ireland

Italy

Kazakhstan

Korea (South)

Latvia

Luxembourg

Malaysia

Netherlands

Nicaragua

Norway

Peru

Poland

Portugal

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Taiwan

United Kingdom

Uruguay

Venezuela

Colombia

Croatia

India

Lithuania

Romania

Russia

Switzerland

Turkey

Vietnam

Canada

Hong Kong

Japan

Mexico

Australia

Bahrain

Belarus

Bolivia

Chile

Costa Rica

Dominican Rep.

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Israel

Macau

Monaco

Morocco

New Zealand

Panama

Paraguay

Philippines

Puerto Rico

Serbia

Singapore

Thailand

Tunisia

UAE

Ukraine

No Parity Required

Just Benefit Parity

Just Pay Parity

Full Pay & Benefit Parity

USA*

USA* Full benefit parity is not required but the Healthcare Reform Bill is moving the USA in this direction

37ManpowerGroup Solutions TAPFIN | QMR Q4, 2018| ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential

38

Austria Agriculture 4% Services 70% Industry 26%

Total Workforce 4,521,900

Permanent Employees 3,667,826

Non Standard Workforce 523,975

Unemployed Workers 330,099

41%

51%

8%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled

Workforce8% of Non-Agricultural Employment is in Informal Sector

13%

9%

11%

50%

55%

52%

37%

36%

37%

Female

Male

Total

Low Basic Intermediate Advanced

7%

9%

9%

9%

7%

71%

57%

47%

54%

30%

22%

34%

43%

37%

63%

Low Medium High

342

667

53

1,784

1,246

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities

Trade/ Trans. / Hospitality / Bus &Admin Serv.

Public Admin/ Community/Social& Other Serv.

Employment in 000's

Size of Occupation Group in Thousands of

WorkersSkill Level of Occupation Group

49%

68%77%

68%

30%

59%

79%

56%

0%

50%

100%

Low Basic Interm. Advanced Total

Male Female

N/A

2% 3% 3%

81% 81% 87%

18% 16% 10%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

25-54 years 55-64 years 65 years +

Primary Secondary Tertiary

6.5% of Youth (15-24 years) are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)

Highest Level of Education by Age Group

Labor Force Participation Rates by

Gender and Education Level (25 yrs +)

Employment Distribution by Education

Level and Gender (25 yrs +)


39

Bahrain Agriculture 1% Services 64% Industry 35%

Total Workforce 865,078

Permanent Employees 807,245



25%

50%

25%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled

Workforce17% of Total Employment is Informal.

37%

37%

37%

16%

24%

21%

31%

29%

27%

16%

10%

12%

Female

Male

Total


166

152

15

277

67

Construction

Trade

Finance

Other

Public Sector

Employment in 000's

Size of Occupation Group in Thousands of Workers

56%

96%

69%

41%

87%

29%

54%

24%7%

44%

0%

50%

100%

150%

15-24 25-54 55-64 65 years+

Total

Male Female

15%24% 26%

66% 54%

25%

17%13%

10%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



15.3% of Youth (15-24 years) are Unemployed.

Distribution of Population (including

not in labor force) by Educational

Attainment (25 years and older)





40

Belarus Agriculture 10% Services 59% Industry 31%





40%

52%

8%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled

Workforce

8% of Total Employment is Informal.

1%

2%

1%

35%

54%

44%

64%

45%

55%

Female

Male

Total


8%

8%

9%

6%

8%

71%

66%

75%

52%

27%

22%

26%

16%

42%

65%

Low Medium High

389

1,022

144

1,223

1,078

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities

Trade/ Trans. / Hospitality /Bus & Admin Serv.

Public Admin/Community/Social & Other

Serv.

Employment in 000's

Size of Occupation Group in Thousands of Workers Skill Level of Occupation Group

48%

94%

63%

3%

71%

44%

95%

39%

59%

0%

50%

100%

15-24 25-54 55-64 65 years+

Total

Male Female

9% 7%

37% 42%

53% 50%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

25 years +Female

25 years + TotalPopulation


10.7% of Youth (15-24 years) unemployed

Highest Level of Education






41





Belgium Agriculture 1% Services 78% Industry 21%

47%

43%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


11%

16%

14%

34%

40%

37%

54%

42%

48%

Female

Male

Total


3%

4%

11%

12%

10%

73%

59%

44%

44%

27%

24%

36%

44%

44%

62%

Low Medium High

318

574

70

1,864

1,756

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities

Trade/ Trans. / Hospitality / Bus &Admin Serv.

Public Admin/ Community/Social &Other Serv.

Employment in 000's


27%

43%

70%78%

64%

13%23%

56%

77%

52%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

9%17%

35%

52%

56%

47%

39%28%

19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%






Gender and Education Level (25 yrs +)Employment Distribution by Education



42

234

602

106

1,312

675

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's





Bulgaria Agriculture 6% Services 65% Industry 29%

33%

56%

11%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


9%

12%

10%

50%

63%

57%

41%

25%

32%

Female

Male

Total


27%

14%

13%

6%

6%

57%

70%

58%

62%

34%

16%

16%

29%

31%

60%

Low Medium High


27%

41%

72%77%

66%

19% 22%

56%

73%

53%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

4% 4% 10%

68% 72%71%

27% 24% 17%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










43





Croatia Agriculture 8% Services 65% Industry 27%

37%

56%

7%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


9%

9%

9%

55%

66%

61%

36%

25%

30%

Female

Male

Total


16%

5%

22%

5%

7%

65%

69%

44%

59%

33%

19%

26%

33%

35%

60%

Low Medium High

107

276

45

675

406

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


34%

66%72%

61%

16%

57%

74%

48%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

15%29%

47%

70%

60%

40%

14% 11% 8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










44

Czech Republic Agriculture 3% Services 59% Industry 38%





39%

55%

6%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


5%

3%

4%

68%

73%

71%

28%

24%

26%

Female

Male

Total


3%

7%

9%

4%

5%

71%

67%

58%

57%

37%

26%

26%

33%

39%

58%

Low Medium High

391

1,455

139

1,805

1,283

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


9%

51%

72%

82%73%

21%

57%

73%

55%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

8% 14%24%

77%72%

66%

15% 13% 9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










45

Denmark Agriculture 3% Services 79% Industry 19%





46%

44%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


12%

18%

15%

39%

46%

43%

49%

36%

42%

Female

Male

Total


13%

11%

16%

15%

6%

67%

46%

34%

42%

35%

21%

43%

50%

44%

59%

Low Medium High

168

325

32

1,166

1,037

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


52%

67%

78%

67%

28%

60%

75%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

70% 72%79%

30% 28%20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



7% of Youth (15-24 years) are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)







46

Estonia Agriculture 4% Services 66% Industry 30%





44%

48%

8%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


6%

13%

9%

41%

54%

48%

53%

33%

43%

Female

Male

Total


57

125

14

272

165

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


7%

8%

7%

11%

7%

63%

64%

50%

42%

25%

30%

28%

43%

48%

67%

Low Medium High

66%

82%88%

75%

45%

69%78%

59%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

11%

78% 77%71%

21% 22% 17%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










47

Finland Agriculture 4% Services 74% Industry 22%





46%

48%

6%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


5%

12%

9%

38%

48%

43%

57%

41%

48%

Female

Male

Total


5%

4%

6%

9%

4%

71%

53%

41%

46%

34%

25%

43%

53%

45%

62%

Low Medium High

187

326

34

975

853

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


36%

70%75%

64%

16%

58%

73%

55%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

2%8%

56%64%

66%

44%35%

26%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









48

France Agriculture 3% Services 77% Industry 20%



Non Standard Workforce 3,192,611

Unemployed Workers 2,708,579

45%

45%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


14%

15%

15%

40%

46%

43%

45%

38%

41%

Female

Male

Total


4%

4%

16%

9%

16%

63%

53%

27%

47%

32%

33%

43%

58%

44%

53%

Low Medium High

1,740

3,291

408

10,631

9,783

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


38%43%

67%

79%

64%

24% 27%

60%

76%

54%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

5%12%

35%

58%

66%

49%

37%21% 14%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










49

Germany Agriculture 1% Services 71% Industry 28%





44%

48%

8%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


10%

10%

10%

61%

56%

58%

28%

34%

32%

Female

Male

Total


6%

7%

8%

10%

6%

68%

59%

51%

55%

23%

26%

34%

41%

35%

70%

Low Medium High

2,838

7,932

649

16,738

12,976

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


60%69%

73%69%

30%

60%

74%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

3% 3% 1%

70% 72% 79%

26% 25% 19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









50

Greece Agriculture 12% Services 73% Industry 15%





32%

61%

7%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


19%

25%

23%

38%

42%

41%

43%

32%

37%

Female

Male

Total


5%

11%

24%

6%

7%

82%

71%

59%

67%

34%

13%

18%

17%

27%

59%

Low Medium High

150

358

70

1,697

1,025

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


11%

48%

76% 76%

65%

4%

26%

57%

75%

47%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

14%

35%

59%

58%

44%

25%

26%19% 11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










51

Hungary Agriculture 5% Services 65% Industry 30 %





37%

53%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


12%

11%

11%

56%

66%

61%

32%

23%

27%

Female

Male

Total


13%

5%

17%

9%

15%

71%

74%

53%

57%

29%

16%

21%

30%

34%

56%

Low Medium High

303

990

100

1,582

1,223

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


8%

46%

75% 77%70%

21%

25%

57%

70%

51%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

2% 2%11%

80% 82%75%

18% 15% 12%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










52

Ireland Agriculture 5% Services 75% Industry 19%





40%

51%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


8%

18%

13%

33%

37%

35%

58%

46%

51%

Female

Male

Total


14%

8%

10%

10%

4%

71%

54%

45%

47%

40%

15%

38%

45%

44%

56%

Low Medium High

128

252

31

1,009

656

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


25%

50%

80%87%

73%

6% 22%

60%

79%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

10% 16%

39%

49%

59%

44%

41%

24%17%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









53

Israel Agriculture 1% Services 82% Industry 17%





52%

42%

6%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


6%

13%

10%

32%

39%

36%

61%

48%

54%

Female

Male

Total


8%

7%

10%

7%

5%

75%

50%

39%

44%

32%

17%

43%

52%

50%

64%

Low Medium High

195

423

31

1,545

1,495

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


23%

57%

75%83%

75%

10% 25%

63%

75%

61%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

13%21%

27%

54% 44% 35%

31% 30%21%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










54

Italy Agriculture 4% Services 70% Industry 26%





36%

53%

11%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


24%

36%

31%

46%

45%

45%

30%

18%

23%

Female

Male

Total


5%

6%

25%

11%

13%

81%

65%

41%

53%

36%

14%

29%

34%

36%

51%

Low Medium High

1,416

4,188

383

9,618

6,548

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


17%

52%

76% 78%

63%

4%24%

59%

75%

43%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

6%15%

44%

78%71%

39%

15% 12%8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










55

Kazakhstan Agriculture 18% Services 61% Industry 21 %





34%

47%

19%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


23%

28%

25%

42%

44%

43%

36%

28%

32%

Female

Male

Total


610

591

487

3,378

2,295

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities

Trade/ Trans. / Hospitality / Bus & AdminServ.

Public Admin/ Community/Social & OtherServ.

Employment in 000's


48%

96%

75%

6%

83%

41%

90%

46%

4%

74%

0%

50%

100%

150%

15-24years

25-54years

55-64years

65 years+

Total

Male Female

1%12%

77% 78%

70%

23% 21% 16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%




http://stat.gov.kz



Gender and Age GroupEmployment Distribution by Education



56

Latvia Agriculture 8% Services 68% Industry 24%





41%

46%

13%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


5%

10%

7%

47%

61%

54%

49%

29%

39%

Female

Male

Total


14%

20%

20%

10%

10%

56%

57%

44%

48%

26%

30%

23%

36%

42%

64%

Low Medium High

63

121

25

376

249

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities

Trade/ Trans. / Hospitality / Bus& Admin Serv.

Public Admin/ Community/Social& Other Serv.

Employment in 000's


20%

64%

78%86%

72%

42%

63%

83%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

2% 1% 5%

76% 81% 77%

22% 18% 19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










57

Lithuania Agriculture 8% Services 68% Industry 24%





43%

48%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


2%

4%

3%

44%

58%

51%

54%

38%

46%

Female

Male

Total


7%

9%

15%

9%

9%

68%

69%

45%

50%

22%

25%

22%

39%

42%

68%

Low Medium High

99

209

33

539

370

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


8%

35%

72%

84%

72%

2% 11%

56%

82%

59%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

2% 1%

23%

77% 78%

61%

21% 21% 16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









58

Luxembourg Agriculture 1% Services 87% Industry 12%





64%

30%

6%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


17%

19%

18%

35%

37%

36%

48%

44%

46%

Female

Male

Total


8%

8%

12%

77%

67%

32%

20%

15%

33%

100%

60%

68%

Low Medium High

13

9

1

103

96

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


40%

54%64%

84%

69%

54%

36%

61%

80%

59%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

21% 27%

42%

55%54%

44%

24% 19%13%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










59

Morocco Agriculture 39% Services 43% Industry 20%





8%

76%

16%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


63%

30%

39%

17%

48%

39%

20%

23%

22%

Female

Male

Total


11.3%

9.8%

13.8%

4.6%

9.7%

12.7%

Industry

Buildings / Public Works

Commerce

Transport / Communciation

Public Services

Other Services

% of Employed


74%

89% 86% 83%

27%19%

48%

27%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

27%21%

13%

32%

16%

10%

11%

7%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



23.3% of Youth (15-24 years) are unemployed

39% of the Working Population are

involved in Fishing, Agriculture and

Forestry

https://www.hcp.ma/downloads/Activite-emploi-et-chomage-premiers-resultats-

annuel_t13036.html







60

Netherlands Agriculture 2% Services 81% Industry 17%





48%

43%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


15%

18%

17%

41%

42%

41%

44%

40%

41%

Female

Male

Total


4%

10%

10%

12%

4%

72%

56%

43%

46%

29%

24%

35%

47%

42%

67%

Low Medium High

408

800

74

3,619

2,683

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


36%

53%

73%81%

70%

17%

28%

64%

80%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

8% 13%22%

64%63%

60%

28% 24% 18%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









61

Norway Agriculture 2% Services 79% Industry 19%





51%45%

4%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


12%

15%

13%

35%

43%

39%

54%

42%

48%

Female

Male

Total


4%

2%

6%

5%

2%

74%

55%

36%

45%

32%

22%

43%

58%

50%

66%

Low Medium High

214

213

86

1,015

1,056

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


57%63%

75%84%

68%

28%

48%

64%

84%

63%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

64%71%

79%

36%28%

21%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









62

Poland Agriculture 11% Services 58% Industry 31%





38%

55%

7%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


4%

5%

5%

51%

66%

59%

45%

29%

36%

Female

Male

Total


8%

7%

9%

6%

7%

71%

66%

53%

55%

22%

21%

27%

38%

39%

71%

Low Medium High

1,223

3,420

539

5,699

3,808

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


4%

36%

70%

85%

69%

1%13%

48%

78%

51%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

8%15%

36%

69%

73%

50%

22%12% 11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









63

Portugal Agriculture 7% Services 68% Industry 25%





36%

53%

11%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


40%

54%

47%

25%

24%

25%

33%

20%

26%

Female

Male

Total


7%

6%

17%

10%

16%

72%

71%

45%

51%

33%

20%

22%

38%

39%

51%

Low Medium High

308

803

66

1,860

1,416

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


24%

63%

85% 85%

69%

9%

47%

83% 83%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

36%

62% 66%

38%

23% 14%

25%12%

7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










64

Romania Agriculture 23% Services 48% Industry 29%





24%

66%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


18%

19%

19%

56%

63%

60%

25%

18%

21%

Female

Male

Total


15%

9%

20%

6%

9%

71%

76%

58%

66%

31%

15%

15%

22%

28%

60%

Low Medium High

696

1,667

248

2,642

1,441

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


31%

50%

75%84%

69%

9%25%

58%

82%

49%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

4% 5%

25%

80% 83%

62%

14% 11% 8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










65

Russia Agriculture 7% Services 66% Industry 27%





44%

46%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


3%

4%

3%

44%

46%

45%

54%

50%

52%

Female

Male

Total


10%

10%

6%

7%

8%

60%

58%

60%

54%

24%

30%

33%

35%

39%

68%

Low Medium High

5,263

10,253

3,987

27,626

20,918

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


46%

79% 80% 77%

17%

61%65%

59%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

2% 1%12%

69% 73%66%

30% 26% 22%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










66

Serbia Agriculture 19% Services 57% Industry 24%





29%

62%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


33%

45%

40%

35%

33%

34%

32%

22%

26%

Female

Male

Total


21%

10%

14%

7%

8%

59%

72%

58%

62%

42%

20%

18%

28%

31%

50%

Low Medium High

116

477

114

871

735

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


25%

62%71% 72%

66%

7%36%

58%

73%

49%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

18%

35% 32%

68%

52%

23%

12% 11%

6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










67

Slovakia Agriculture 3% Services 61% Industry 36%





33%

59%

8%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


5%

4%

5%

65%

74%

70%

30%

22%

26%

Female

Male

Total


11%

5%

11%

7%

13%

69%

77%

52%

61%

37%

20%

18%

37%

33%

50%

Low Medium High

244

624

73

849

674

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


45%

74%79%

72%

21%

60%

74%

56%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

8%16%

35%

75%70%

54%

17% 14% 11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









68

Slovenia Agriculture 5% Services 62% Industry 33%





44%

47%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


8%

9%

8%

45%

62%

54%

47%

29%

38%

Female

Male

Total


4%

5%

14%

6%

6%

72%

67%

45%

49%

23%

25%

28%

41%

45%

71%

Low Medium High

53

243

22

339

245

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


47%

65%

78%

66%

22%

55%

82%

56%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

1% 3%9%

75%79%

76%

23%17% 14%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










69

South Africa Agriculture 6% Services 71% Industry 23%





24%

51%

25%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


37%

41%

39%

30%

32%

31%

24%

18%

20%

Female

Male

Total


24%

18%

22%

22%

39%

65%

61%

58%

54%

30%

11%

20%

20%

24%

31%

Low Medium High

1,424

1,804

583

6,727

4,968

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


48%

75%84%

89%

75%

28%

54%

68%

81%

57%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

29%44% 41%

51% 27%21%

14%

10%

7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









70

Spain Agriculture 4% Services 77% Industry 19%





34%

53%

13%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


27%

37%

32%

23%

23%

23%

49%

39%

43%

Female

Male

Total


8%

7%

15%

12%

13%

76%

67%

47%

58%

37%

17%

26%

38%

30%

50%

Low Medium High

1,128

2,393

254

8,640

5,590

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


18%

62%

79% 81%

68%

8%

41%

70%

81%

55%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

13%23%

34%

68%59% 36%

15% 9%

4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









71

Sweden Agriculture 2% Services 80% Industry 18%





50%45%

5%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


10%

13%

12%

38%

50%

44%

52%

37%

44%

Female

Male

Total


1%

3%

7%

8%

2%

74%

53%

33%

40%

35%

24%

44%

60%

52%

62%

Low Medium High

342

508

58

2,061

1,936

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


64%

80%87%

79%

46%

74%83%

73%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

1% 4%

27%

71% 70%

52%

28% 26% 21%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










72

Switzerland Agriculture 3% Services 76% Industry 21%





52%44%

4%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


11%

9%

10%

49%

42%

45%

40%

49%

45%

Female

Male

Total


4%

4%

10%

4%

4%

70%

52%

48%

43%

30%

26%

44%

43%

53%

66%

Low Medium High

311

576

42

1,983

1,474

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


44%

64%72%

82%75%

38% 37%

60%

80%

62%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

5% 4% 4%

67% 73% 79%

28% 23% 18%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









73

Tunisia Agriculture 14% Services 44% Industry 43%





22%

56%

22%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


13%

8%

9%

25%

41%

37%

34%

36%

36%

27%

14%

18%

Female

Male

Total


59%

12%

18%

9%

15%

36%

75%

41%

54%

32%

5%

13%

41%

37%

54%

Low Medium High

440

598

34

826

734

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


43%

81%86% 86%

78%

8% 19%

37%

80%

27%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

39%

24%10%

20%

13%

3%

10%

4%

1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%



25.2% of Youth (15-24 years) are Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) (2010)






74

Turkey Agriculture 19% Services 54% Industry 27%





21%

64%

15%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


15%

4%

7%

43%

53%

50%

14%

22%

19%

29%

22%

24%

Female

Male

Total


18%

14%

36%

13%

8%

70%

72%

43%

66%

40%

13%

14%

21%

21%

52%

Low Medium High

2,097

4,971

415

9,953

5,294

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


42%

75%85% 87%

77%

18%

31%40%

72%

34%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

42%52%

43%

37% 20%

11%

12%

9%

6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









75

Ukraine Agriculture 15% Services 60% Industry 25%





37%

44%

19%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


2%

43%

23%

37%

10%

23%

62%

47%

54%

Female

Male

Total


22%

16%

6%

8%

9%

61%

57%

61%

57%

24%

17%

28%

32%

35%

67%

Low Medium High

1,061

1,996

869

5,485

4,258

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


18%

49%

72%81%

75%

11%

30%

53%

67%60%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

1% 1%12%

77% 79%

73%

22% 20% 16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%









76

United Arab Emirates Agriculture <1% Services 61% Industry 39%





37%

53%

10%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


18%

14%

14%

21%

34%

32%

13%

18%

17%

48%

34%

37%

Female

Male

Total


11%

3%

6%

9%

42%

55%

55%

27%

51%

26%

34%

43%

67%

40%

32%

Low Medium High


657

356

134

1,135

1,285

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's

96% 98% 97% 98% 98%

67%55%

48%57% 57%

0%

50%

100%

150%


Male Female

28%21%

12%

38%

32%

19%

11%

16%

11%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










77

United Kingdom Agriculture 1% Services 81% Industry 18%





48%

43%

9%

Highly Skilled

Medium Skilled

Non Skilled


15%

17%

16%

36%

39%

38%

49%

43%

46%

Female

Male

Total


11%

9%

12%

11%

5%

57%

47%

37%

43%

38%

33%

44%

51%

46%

58%

Low Medium High

2,336

2,920

540

14,299

11,317

Construction

Manufacturing

Mining / Utilities



Serv.

Employment in 000's


74% 72%

83%88%

70%

35%

52%

72%80%

58%

0%

50%

100%


Male Female

14%27%

53%

54%

47%

28%

33%26% 20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%










TAPFIN Quarterly Market Report European Contingent Workforce · United Kingdom: UK executives call...

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