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20
0
5
E
S
I
2005ESI
Vol.7, No.2, Spring, 2005Taiwan Watch
! 2005
605
-
◎ 605
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1Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20052
2005
( World Watch )
George & HerLin 2005.06.08
146 ESI 32.7
30 38
73 75 79 101 114 122 126 127 131
133
69.4 25
17.5 14 6 24.9 14 4
24.4 124
ESI
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3Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
E S I04
09
14
24
28
36
49
07
12 35
52 911
48
Taiwan Watch2 0 0 5
Contents
01 - 02
51
62
54 57
58
59 RDF
60
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20054
2005
2005 (ESI )
146
2001
(ESI) 58
2002 119 2005
2
( )
ESI
2005
76
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5Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
40%
70%
BOO
2 0 0 3
( )
( )
RD F RD F
RDF
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7Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
◎
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health
Frederica P. Perera 60
Polycyclic Aromatic
hydrocarbons; PAH
48
DNA
4.7
7.2
Perere
◎ 2 15
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20058
2005
©
ESI( ) 32.7 145
ESI ESI
17.5 146
0.18 59
-0.05 87
-2.31 145
-1.57 144
-0.91 129
24.9 144
-2.49 146
0.45 24
1.02 24
-0.43 126
-2.16 145
-0.46 122
24.4 124
0.51 54
0.59 50
-3.19 146
69.4 25
0.39 37
-0.56 124
0.66 21
1.54 9
41.5 95
-0.3 99
-0.07 76
-0.28 99
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9Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
2005 Environmental
Sustainability Index, ESI
146
32.7
Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy
Center for International Earth Science Informa-
tion Network, CIESIN
ESI
2002
2005 ESI
ESI
component 21
indicator 76 variable ESI
76 9 7
124
95 25
59 87
145 144 129
10 0.10 0 100
11
29.18
10
H u m a n I m p a c t
I n d e x 5 8
wilderness 9
9
9
5 8 9
10 36
11
Wo r l d R o a d s , Wo r l d
Railroads CIESIN GPW3 Population
Density Data
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200510
2005
E S I
ESI
7 6
compact city ( )
( )
6
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11Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
1
2
3
©©
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200512
2005
Albertville 1992
Grignon 1,800 78
80 24 20
30 Helene Lastera
15
13,000 4
ACALP Frederique Sanchez
186 Marseille
Lastera
2006
◎
5 17
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13Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
1997
4.67
2.34 2
ESI 76
New Environmental Paradigm, NEP
◎
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200514
2005
1 ESI
2005 (Wor ld Economic Forum, WEF) (Environmental Sustainability Index, ESI) 146 145
(Environmental Systems)
(Reducing Stresses) (Reducing Human Vulnerability) (Social
and Institutional Capacity) (Global Stewardship) ( ESI
) (Components) 21 (indicators)
76 (variables) 5 (
) 17 21 ESI
1
©
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15Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
2005 ESI ESI
1. ESI
2 .
3 .
Z (Z-score) 4.
76 9 7 7
1990-2000
2005 ESI 21
32.7 29.217.5
(146 )
24.9 144
E S I
2005 ESI
(Nitrogen dioxide, NO2)
2005 ESI 146
(Mean) 39.22 µg/m3 (Median)
36.56 µg/m3 35.67 µg/m3
1994 ~2004
2 1994
24ppb 2003 18.7ppb
10
1995 3 23
2001 12 26
2004
20ppb
( )
(
3)
2002
2
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200516
2005
2001 2002
(Sulfur dioxide, SO2)
2005 ESI 146
19.35 µg/m3 9.32 µg/m3
10.45 µg/m3
1994 ~2004 4 1994
8.1ppb 2003 3.3ppb
( 2) ( 4)
2004
2 0 0 0
~2003
10
( 5)
3 2000~2002
4
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17Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
(
)
(Total suspended particles, TSP)
50 ∼ 100
(
)
2005 ESI 146 80.76 µg/m3 42.92
µg/m3 104.21 µg/m3
( S u s p e n d e d
particles Particulate matter, PM10)
10 (µm)
1994
~2004 6
1 9 9 4
72µg/m3 1999 58µg/m3 2000
60µg/m3 2002 54.3µg/m3
2004 62.1µg/m3
5 2000~2002
6 PM 10
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200518
2005
( )
( 7)
( )
ESI
2005 ESI 146
(Mean)
45.17% (Median) 40%
4.18%
(WHO)
(VOCs)
(Radon) (Bioaerosols)
(Respirable Particulates) (CO2
CO )
50
28
11
S i c k B u i l d i n g
Syndrome, SBS
7 2000~2002
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19Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
A S H R A E
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,
ASHRAE Standard 62-89
1,000ppm
ESI
(NO2) (SO2)
(TSP)
(PM10)
(CO) (O3)
(Pollutant Standards
Index, PSI) 100 (2 4
) 100
PSI>100
( 8)
2004
8 PSI>100
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200520
2005
2005 ESI
5
( N O x )
(SO2)
(VOCs)
2005 ESI 14 6
(Mean) 2.43
(Median) 0.00
26.95
( 9) 1984 10,350.4 2003
54,891.2 430%
8.27%
2005 ESI 146
(NOx)3.32 0.56 14.77
NOx 1987 473,388.9
1994 609,819.8
2000 498,825.7 (
10)
9
10 (NOx)
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21Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
2005 ESI 146
(SO2)
56.18 0.64 6.29
11
(TEDS5.1)
SOx 1987 425,988.0
1989 460,755.6
2000 227,776.1
( 11)
2005 ESI 146
(VOCs)
5.00 1.65
25.68
(TEDS5.1)
(NMHC)
1987 898,497.4 1994
1,146,718.1
2000 913,384.0 ( 12)
ESI
2005 ESI 146
86.22
8.49 161.78
4
11 (SO x)
12 (NMHC)
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200522
2005
( 13)
1993 7,867,396
2003 12,366,864 57.2%
449,947
1993 3,989,128
2003 6,133,794
53.8% 214,467
ESI
146145 (
12 4 )
2005 ESI
ESI
( )
ESI
2005 ESI
( N O x )
(SO2)
(VOCs)
ESI 146
13
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23Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
8.27% ESI
(NOx) (SO2)
(VOCs) 146 2 11 2
146 4
449,947 214,467
◎
1. h t t p : / / w w w . e p a . g o v . t w / b / b 0 1 0 0 . a s p ?
Ct_Code=04X0000145X0000207&L=1
2. 2004
3. http://www.motc.gov.tw/motor/200504_c4050.csv4.
1998
5. 2002
6. 2002
7. 2003
8.
1999
9. 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index, World Economic Forum, 2005.
10. Guidance Notes for the Management of Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Public Places, The Governmentof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Indoor Air Quality Management Group, 2003.
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200524
2005
2005E S I E n v i r o n m e n t a l
Sustainability Index 146
Daniel Esty
2,500 2.6
2000
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25Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
80
60
1,030
117
( 1 )
1,030
40
157 /
1 1996
176.36
176.36
157
/
3.2
1
(mm/ ) (M3/ / )
2510 4348
1820 6060
1120 6600
890 9720
830 3650
800 3400
790 34400
760 7810
700 38400
660 9470
730 28300
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200526
2005
1996
1 (1996 )
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27Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
◎
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200528
2005
2004
5 6
6 7
9
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29Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
2005 ESI ) 146
ESI 21 146
126
1997
2004
11,047,501
1,354,372
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200530
2005
1942 1982
401,410,000 pg-TEQ/g 1,410
9,550ppm 477.5
1998 2001 175
2005 3 17 63
43
#27 #28 #29
/ /
4.67 14.6 1998
673,903 2001
2.55 20.12 2,244,961
( / )
119/140 41/101 46/80
6
45
1998
1.25% 2003
14.26%
66
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31Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
1998
©
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200532
2005
A B C D E R
D 92
340.3 70%
TCLP standard
91
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33Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
…
225
50 100 /
D
1 83 24.4%
2 63 18.5%
3 38 11.2%
4 32 9.4%
5 22 6.5%
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200534
2005
( )
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35Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
ESI
126
Millennium Ecosystem Assesstment
21
ES I
ESI
ESI
◎
IPEN International POPs Elimina-
tion Network
18 200
WHO Axys Varilab
HCB
4
22
5 2 ~6
•Barangay Aguado
9.68 pg/g
3.2 pg/g
3 pg/g 2 pg/g
Lucknow
5.5
Kerala Eloor
DD T DD T
3-4
7
◎ IPEN
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200536
2005
2004
Dar fu r
2004
Wangari Maathai
Olc Danbolt Mjoes
Espen Barth
Eide
2004
2004 2 9 Fortune
Peter Schwartz Doug Randall
1 6
High-Level
Gregory D. Foster
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37Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
2004
Kofi Annan 2003 11
2004 1 9
David King
David King
American Association for the Advancement of
Science
Hans
Blix BBC David Frost
Amit Dave/REUTERS
( Gujarat ) Natwarghad
2003
6
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200538
2005
10
Sir David King
A l G o r e
The New Repub l i c
Gregg Easterbrook
….
UNEP
Division of Early Warning
and AssessmentUnders tand ing
Environment, Conflict, and Cooperation
1990
Weatherstock/Peter Arnold, Inc.
2004 5
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39Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
1997
United Nations & Global Security Initiative Woodrow Wil-
son Center
2003 9
s o f t
t h rea t s
2004 2
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200540
2005
Schwartz-Randall
30
A n d r e w W.
Marshall
Marshall
Schwartz-Randall
Schwartz-Randall
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41Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
Stringer/REUTERS © 2003
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200542
2005
• 2002 34
• George Tenet 2004 2
•- H a r t - R u d m a n
Commission 911
2 1
1999 9
25
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43Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
• National Intelligence Council 2000
12 911
2 0 1 5Global Trends 2015
2015
Chicago Council on Foreign
Relations
2004 Global Views
2004
7
37%
7 5 %
66 %
64 % 58%
2004 2
G. Griffiths-Christian Aid/Peter Arnold, Inc.
(Tana River valley) 1998 1
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200544
2005
1968
19,114
23,961 62,502
243,577
37
1990
207,000
23,000
1990
6,600
15 (Chandigarth) 2004 8
Aiay Verma/REUTERS © 2004
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45Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
encroachment
General
Accounting Office
James Inhofe
Inhofe
……
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200546
2005
crisis
prevention
targeted causation management
institutionalized anticipatory response
M a n h a t t a n
Project
appropriate situational tailoring
comprehensive operational integration
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47Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
military effective strategically
effective
Gayanashagowa the Great Law of Peace of the Six Nations Iroquois
Confederacy
2 0
◎ Gregory D. Foster◎ 18 1
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200548
2005
1990 160.4
2002 352.8
※
1983 8,705
1993 24,181
2003 54,891
※
1993 5,050
2003 8,669
※
1990 6.77
2000 7.25
※
1990 279 /
2000 478 /
※
1992 0.35
2003 0.47
※
1987 70.87%
2003 59.44%
※
1987 26,645
2003 4,304,573
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49Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
( ) 1972
2002
(Green Cities) (Urban Environmental Accords)
2030
2040
1800
1990
2030
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200550
2005
1990
21
(International Council for
Local Environmental Initiatives) 1993 (Cities for Climate Protec-
tion Programme) 675
◎
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51Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
(Destructor) 131
1999
(dirty technology)
1,40 0
2 0 0 3 Takasago 1,300
Chennai
Furans
235 400
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200552
2005
9 1 12001 9 11
David Travis 911 911 911
911 1℃Global Dimming
BBC Horizon 1
Gerry Stanhill 1980
1950 22%
1950 1990 9%
10% 30% 16% Gerry Global Dimming
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Leon Rotstayn
1984
◎
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53Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
David Travis 911
1℃30
2003
2100
5℃
Peter Cox
Cox
2030
2℃
7-8 2040
4℃
Cox
2100 10 ℃
10℃m e t h a n e
hydrates
8
4 0
◎ BBC Horizon Global Dimming.
©
2005
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20055 4
2005
Carl Sagan1980
75%
ESI146
13 30
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55Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
2004
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20055 6
2005
©
3.5 1
◎
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57Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
NH K
2000 (Millennium Development Goals ) 2015 US$1
95 1,360 4 2,400Millennium Ecosystem Assesstment
2150
50
◎
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20055 8
2005
88 8 12
86
14%
88
197
8 8
868 12
◎
?
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59Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
RDF
RDF
RDF
PVC
RDF
RDF
RDF
RDF RDFRDF
RDF
RDF
◎
RDF
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 20056 0
2005
()
©
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61Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
5 26 27
1 9 8 6
( )
1
(
)
2
◎
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200562
2005
(chitin) (photonic crystal)
-
─
NanoScience2
1. (chitosan)
R 1= R 2= =
NH 2 H Chi tosan
NHAc H c h i t i n
NH 2 or NHAc H DAC, PACNH 2, NHAc or NHMe, NHPr, NHBu H N-alkylated DAC
NH 2 or NHAc CH 2CH 2OH O-2-HE-DAC
NH 2, NHAc or NHCH 2COOH H N-CM-DAC
NH 2, NHAc or NHSO 3H H or SO 3H N,O-sulfated DAC
◎
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63Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
(basking)1
1. 2.
3. 4.
30
1. 700nm
2.
10
3
11
6,7
9
13,14,15
1
1.53
(specific resistance)
(partially showed ionic conductivity) 9
(Parides sesostris)
(chiral)
2 (a) (b) (c)(d) 6
(Teinopalpus imperialis) 3
Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅳ7 2 3
7
1
7
1 0.1
(
4)
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200564
2005
2. (Parides sesostris)
(periods) 267nm 325nm 212nm (angles)
α=84 β=79 γ=64
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 6
3. (Teinopalpus imperialis)
I II IIIIV 7
4.5
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65Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 2005
2005
5
4
( 350-400nm)
(>1µm)
12
11
lycaenid
4,8
1.3-
1.5
8
─(Yablonovitch)
1980
5
─
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Taiwan Watch Vol.7, No.2 / Summer, 200566
2005
13,14,15
◎
1. “
”, Taiwan Watch.Vol 5, No.3, 59-63 (2003)
2. NanoScience “ ”
3. “
”, 23 6 (2001)
4. John C.H.Chen “ ”,
Sciscape Feb 11 ( 2003)
5. , “ ” ,
6. Leon Poladian, MaryanneLarge and Whayne Padden
“Is the photonic crystal in the butterflies T. imperialisand P. sesostris optimal ”, Optical Society of America
(2004)
7. A.Argyros, S.Manos, M.C.J. Large, D.R. Mckenzie , G.
C.Cox , D.M. Dwarte “Electron tomography and com-
p u t e r v i s u a l i z a t i o n o f a t h r e e -
dimensional‘photonic’crystal in a butterfly wing-
scale”, Micron 33 ,483-487 (2002)
8. L. P. Biro, Z. Balint, K. Kertesz, Z. Vertesy, G..I. Mark, Z.
E.Horvath, J. Balazs, D. Mehn, I. Kiricsi, V. Lousse, J.P.
Vigneron “Role of photonic-crystal-type structuresin the thermal regulation of a lycaenid butterfly sister
species pair”,Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
67(2 pt1) 021907(2003)
9. Kenji Suzuki ,Hiroyuki Saimoto, Yoshihiro Shigemasa
“Electric resistance of chitosan derivatives”, Carbohy-
drate Polymer 39, 145-150(1999)
10. Darrell J. Kemp “Shedding new light on natures
brightest signal”, TRENDS in Ecology&Evolution 17
(7) ,298-230(2002)
11. Andrew R. Parker “Natural Photonic Engineers”,
Elsevier Science ISSN:1369 7021 , 26-31(2002)
12. Angela L.Campbell Rajesh R Naik Laura Sowards
Mowley O Stone “Biological infrared imaging and
sensing”, Micron 33, 211-259(2002)
13. ( , ) “ -
”, (1996)
14. , (1996)
15. , (2001)
1. 6
7
7
1 0.1
(nm) (nm)
(0 1 0) Red 670 (640) 60 (45) 0.09 (0.07)
(1 1 0) Green 555 (530) 5 (15) 0.01 (0.03)
(1 0 0) Green 550 (525) 55 (45) 0.10 (0.09)
(0 0 1) Blue 485 (455) 45 (35) 0.09 (0.08)
(0 1 1) Violet 425 (395) 25 (10) 0.06 (0.03)
(1 1 1) Violet 420 (390) 45 (35) 0.11 (0.09)
(1 0 1) Ultraviolet 400 (365) 20 (10) 0.05 (0.03)
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GAIA 2003
-- • 1893
--
-- •2000
--2001
GAIA /2003
116 148 2
Tel: 02-29383406
Fax: 02-29383402
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2001
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V1N1 1999 -V1N2 1999 V1N3 1999 V1N4 1999 V2N1 2000 V2N2 2000 2000V2N3 2000 V2N4 2000 V3N1 2001
V3N2 2001 V3N3 2001 V3N4 2001 2001V4N1 2002 V4N2 2002 V4N3 2002 V4N4 2002 V5N1 2003 V5N2 2003
V5N3 2003 V5N4 2003 V6N1 2004 V6N2 2004 V 6N 3 2004 V 6N 4 2004 V 7N 1 2005 V7N2 2005 ESI
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(
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1.
150
300
500
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before 2000
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E002 2001
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E003 2001
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2000
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148
2
TEL
02-29383406
Fax
02-29383402
http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw em
ail : [email protected]
(□
□
)
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(V)
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before 2000 □E002 2001
□E003 2001
□E004 2002
NT$
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2005 Taiwan Watch Vol.7 No.2,Summer, 2005
19247841
http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw/
E-mail [email protected]
116 3 148 2 (02) 2938-3406
(02) 2938-3402
2, 5, 8, 11
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