Table of Contentsenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/...of...

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Preparation of Feasibility study forSix/Four/2 lane with paved shoulder of Bhavnagar-Pipavav-Porbandar-Dwarka section of NH-8E in the State of Gujarat (approx length 445 km) STUP Consultants P. Ltd.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Rev – R0

Table of Contents Executive Summary

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.2 THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.1 Project Description .................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment ................................................................................................................... 11

1.2.3 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................................................ 12

1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA .............................................................................................................................. 12

1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 13

1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status ......................................................................................... 13

1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives ....................................................................................................................... 13

1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts .............................................................................................................. 13

1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process .......................................................... 13

1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations ..................................................................................................... 13

1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................ 13

1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ............................................. 13

1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................................ 14

1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 14

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 15

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 15

2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................ 15

2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW) .................................................................................................................. 15

2.2.2 Traffic Scenario ....................................................................................................................................... 16

2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments ................................................................................................... 17

2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute ...................................................................................................................... 19

2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 21

2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.1 Widening Scheme ..................................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses .................................................................................................................................. 25

2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width ............................................................................................................................... 26

2.4.4 Proposed Median Width .......................................................................................................................... 26

2.4.5 Proposed Road Features ......................................................................................................................... 26

TOLL PLAZA ................................................................................................................................................................ 28

2.5 INTERSECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 28

2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................................................... 30

2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas...................................................................................... 30

2.6.2 Road-side Drain ....................................................................................................................................... 30

2.6.3 Chute Drains ............................................................................................................................................ 30

2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel ...................................................................................................... 30

2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road ............................................................................................................ 30

2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ......................................................................................... 31

2.7.1 Quarries for Sand .................................................................................................................................... 31

2.7.2 Source for Water ...................................................................................................................................... 31

2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................................. 32

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2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 32

2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 32

2.10.1 Carriageway Markings ........................................................................................................................ 32

2.10.2 Traffic Signs ........................................................................................................................................ 33

2.10.3 Safety Barriers ..................................................................................................................................... 33

2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................. 33

3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 35

3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 35

Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that may apply to this

project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in Table 2.1. ........................................ 35

3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 35

3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................... 39

3.3.1 The EIA Notification ................................................................................................................................ 39

3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project ...................................................... 40

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..................................................................................................... 41

4.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................... 41

4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION........................................................................................................................ 41

4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FEATURES .................................... 42

4.3.1 Primary Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 42

4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 42

4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 42

4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 43

4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain ....................................................................................................................... 44

Soil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45

Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................... 46

Noise Quality ........................................................................................................................................................ 49

Ecology ................................................................................................................................................................. 57

Institutional Facility.............................................................................................................................................. 58

Coastal Regulation Zone ....................................................................................................................................... 60

4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 60

4.5.1 Social Environment .................................................................................................................................. 60

4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 61

4.6.1 Population Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 61

4.6.2 Population Density .................................................................................................................................. 61

4.6.3 Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................................. 62

4.6.4 Vulnerable Population ............................................................................................................................. 62

4.6.5 Literacy Rate ............................................................................................................................................ 62

4.6.6 Workforce Participation .......................................................................................................................... 63

4.6.7 Right of Way ............................................................................................................................................ 63

4.6.8 Cultural Environment .............................................................................................................................. 64

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 65

5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 65

5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO.......................................................................................................... 66

5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 66

5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES ..................................................................................................... 67

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5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B ..................................................................................................................... 67

5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP ................................................................................................................... 72

6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................... 83

7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 97

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 97

7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 97

7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade ................................................................ 98

7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates .......................................................................................................................... 98


7.2.4 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 99

7.2.5 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 100

7.2.6 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................................................... 101

Roadside Trees .................................................................................................................................................... 102

7.2.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................................... 102

7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 102

7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals .................................................................................... 102

7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment ........................................................................................................... 103

8. MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 106

8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................ 106

8.1.1 Land Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 106

8.1.2 Soil Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 106

8.1.3 Water Resources .................................................................................................................................... 110

8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................................. 113

8.1.5 Noise Control Measures ........................................................................................................................ 114

8.1.6 Safety Measures during ......................................................................................................................... 117

8.1.7 Construction: ......................................................................................................................................... 117

8.1.8 Bus Stop ................................................................................................................................................. 120

8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties ............................................................... 121

8.1.10 Highway Landscaping ....................................................................................................................... 121

9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 123

9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ......................................................................................................................... 123

9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU ......................................................................................................... 123

9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer .......................................... 123

9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ................................................................................................................................ 123

9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire .......................................................................... 123

9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU..................................................................................................... 124

9.3 OPERATION STAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 124

9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 124

10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................... 141

10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................................................................. 141

10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 142

REPORTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 146

10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 147

10.4 TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................ 147

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11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ................................................................................................................... 148

11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 148

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List of Tables

Table 2.1: Existing RoW ........................................................................................................................ 16

Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor ............................................................................ 16

Table 2.3: Projected Traffic .................................................................................................................... 16

Table 2.4: Summary of landuse ............................................................................................................. 17

Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor ............................................................................... 19

Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered ............................................................................. 21

Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures ............................................................................... 26

Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor ........................................................................... 27

Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations ............................................................................................................... 28

Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements ................................................................................. 28

Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections ............................................................................................. 29

Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection ..................................................................... 30

Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ............................................................................... 31

Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry ....................................................................................................... 31

Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample ....................................................................................... 32

Table 2.16: Land Requirement .............................................................................................................. 34

Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this Project and Institution

responsible .......................................................................................................................... 36

Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements ...................................................................................... 40

Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region ...................................................................................... 43

Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %) ...................................................... 44

Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)] ............................................................................... 44

Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph) ................................................................................................... 44

Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW ................................................................................................. 46

Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results .................................................................................................. 47

Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results ........................................................................................................... 49

Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch ........................................................................................ 51

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Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment ................................................................................................... 53

Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor .................................................................. 54

Table 4.11: Water Quality Results ......................................................................................................... 55

Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species ..................................................................................................... 58

Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road ..................................................................... 58

Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor ............................................................ 60

Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011 ................................... 61

Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011 ..................................... 61

Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011 .............................................................................. 62

Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001 ................................................ 62

Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011 ........................................................................ 63

Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001 .................................................. 63

Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor .................................................................................... 63

Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts ............................. 64

Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits ..................................................................................................... 98

Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ................................................................................. 98

Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry ......................................................................................................... 99

Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors .........................................................................100

Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor ............................................................................102

Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor ........................................................103

Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work ........................................113

Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers .......................................................................115

Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses ..................................................................................................117

Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures ..............................................................................125

Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project .............................................................................141

Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .........................................................................................144

Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats ...........................................................................146

Table 11.1: Environmental Costs .........................................................................................................148

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List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Project Corridor.................................................................................................................... 10

Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ......................................... 22

Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ........................................ 22

Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road .............................................................................. 23

Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road ........................................ 23

Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road ................................................................. 24

Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road ................................... 24

Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass .................................................................................................................... 68

Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option .............................................................................................................. 68

Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass ........................................................................................................................... 69

Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 70

Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 70

Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 71

Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option ................................................................................................................... 72

Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options .............................................................................................................. 73

Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 74

Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 75

Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 76

Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 77

Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option ........................................................................................................... 77

Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 78

Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 79

Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option ................................................................................................... 80

Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options.................................................................................................... 81

Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options ................................................................................................... 82

Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching .....................................................................................................................108

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Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor .....................................................................................................................109

Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain ......................................................................110

Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing .............................................................................................112

Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing ................................................................................................112

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1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the objectives and scope of Environmental and Social study.

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India, has decided to take up

the development of various National Highway Corridors for augmentation of capacity and for safe

and efficient movement of traffic by widening to four/six lanes. Accordingly NHAI has proposed to

implement the development projects for few selected sections/corridors through Public – Private

Partnership (PPP) under Design, Build, Finance, Operate & Transfer (DBFOT) Pattern.

The alignment starts at Bhavnagar (km 03.200) and extends up to Dwarka (km 473.000) for a

length of approximately 470 km in the State of Gujarat. In discussions with NHAI officials, the

project has been extended from Dwarka to Okha for a length of approximately 30 kms that is

presently SH-25. The present study corridor is the existing National Highway – 8E passing

through five districts of the state of Gujarat namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar

and Jamnagar. The project road is approximately 500 km long. It starts at Bhavnagar, runs

almost parallel to the southern coast of Gujarat and ends at Okha. Initially, the highway was up

to Veraval and continued northwards as NH8E from here. Later on, a link was made to Chorwad

from NH8E and this link continues as NH8E up to Dwaraka. From Dwarka to Okha, the existing

highway is SH-25.

The project road passes through many towns like Trapej, Pipavav, Una, Somnath, Veraval,

Madhavpur and Porbander, Dwarka before it ends at Okha. It also passes through many villages

enroute. The project corridor has been indicated in fig 1.1.

1.2 THE PROJECT

1.2.1 Project Description

The corridors selected for the project are indicated below

1. Bhavnagar (km 3.200) to Dwarka (km 473.000) section of NH – 8E.

2. Dwarka (km 231.000) to Okha (km 261.100) section of SH – 25.

The present report on EIA deals with the environment analysis of Bhavnagar to Okha section of

NH-8E and SH-25.

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Figure 1.1: Project Corridor

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1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment

The main objective would be to alleviate the current unsafe conditions of the road network

connecting the villages and towns by providing better quality and safe roads to the users in a

sustainable and Environment friendly manner.

Enhanced safety of the traffic, the road users and the people living close to the highway

Enhanced operational efficiency of the highway

Fulfilment of the access needs of the local population

Minimal adverse impact on the road users and the local population due to construction

Feasible and constructible options for the project with least cost option.

Government of India (GOI) through Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) enforces

Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 towards Environment Protection of new projects/

expansion/ modernization and existing projects based on their Environmental Impacts.

The present report is prepared in accordance with MoEF/ MoRTH Guidelines on EA and to meet

the statutory requirement of MoEF, GSPCB, state forestry department, etc.

The objectives of this study are stated below:

To present to decision makers a clear assessment of potential impact associated with the

proposed project intervention,

To apply a methodology which assesses and predict potential impacts and provides a)

the means for impact prevention and mitigation, b) the enhancement of project benfits,

and c) the minimization of long-term impacts;

To provide a specific forum in which consultation is systematically undertake in a manner

that allows stakeholders to have direct input to the environmental management process.

To assess the analysis of alternatives to bring environmental considerations into the

upstream stages of development planning as well as the later stage of site selection,

design and implementation, and

To recommend the environment al management measure to reduce adverse impacts.

IN order to achieve these objectives, details surveys and other studies have been carried out

along the project roads to identify Valued Ecosystem components (VEC) and corridor specific

significant environmental issues (SEI). For investigation/monitoring purpose the study are has

been defined as under

Corridor of Impact, CoI: is the 20 m wide strip on either side, beyond Right of Way, RoW.

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Project Influence Area, PLA: is the 10 km area on either side along the alignment.

Project District, PD is/are the district/districts through which project road is passing.

1.2.3 Scope of EIA

The key environmental issues with regards to physical and Biological Environment highlighted

during screening includes

Tree felling in forest and non-forest stretches: Since roadside trees have to be felled for road

widening, adequate compensatory plantation have to be carried out to mitigate the impacts.

Generation of Solid waste: Efforts have to be made to strike a balance between cutting and

filling. The remaining solid waste will be disposed off to designated dumping site after permission

from local statutory authority.

With regards to the social and cultural environment the following issues are of major concern in

the proposed project:

Removal of Encroachments & Squatters: In stretches of dense developments along the

roadside, removal of encroachments and squatters assume a critical issue. In addition to local

resistance to shifting, identification of ways and means to rehabilitate the vulnerable communities

becomes significant. Though preliminary consultations reveal acceptance of the proposed project

a continuous interaction with the affected communities in the later stages of the project is of

immense importance.

Land Acquisition: Along with the issue of structure removal, acquisition of land too is a critical

issue in India primarily in case of high value residential, commercial and agricultural lands. In the

subsequent stages of the project further attempts shall be made to minimize land acquisition

primarily in stretches of high land values.

Impact on utilities: Impact on utilities cause disruption to the local public during the construction

stage. Widening of the corridor shall also affect permanent utilities like taps, tube wells, wells,

etc. It needs to be ensured that replacement of such utilities is in place before the existing ones

are closed.

Impact on Religious properties: These are sensitive properties and relocation of some may

generate local resistance. Consultations in such properties shall be initiated after horizontal

designs are firmed up so that the extent of impact and likely mitigation measures can be

discussed with the stakeholders.

1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

The methodology followed for the Environmental Impact Assessment consists of the following

steps.

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1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

This step discussed the policy, legal framework within which the Environmental Assessment (EA)

is prepared and also reviewed the existing institutions and legislations relevant to the project

corridor, at the, national level and at the state level.

1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status

Baseline conditions within the defined area were determined as per MoEF / WB requirements for

EA of highway projects. The database for working out the baseline status was from both

secondary and primary sources.

1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives

Assessment of various environmental issues due to various cross sections alternatives has been

carried out.

1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts

Based on the baseline conditions, the significant impacts needing mitigation have been identified.

The direct and indirect impacts likely to be induced due to the project have been adequately

identified and addressed.

1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process

The design and decision-making process integrated with environmental, resettlement and

rehabilitation issues have been carried out. This has prompted the early identification of

appropriate actions. Such actions included, for example, shifts in alignments based on

awareness of the locations of cultural resources, and biological resources.

1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations

Public participation and community consultation has been taken up involving public

understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which developmental problems and

needs are investigated and solved.

1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures

Positive actions to not only avoid adverse impacts, but also to capitalize on opportunities to

correct environmental degradation or improve environmental conditions have been determined.

1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to specify the steps necessary to

ensure that the mitigation measures have been suggested. It includes the monitoring plan and

gives details of the resources budgeted and the implementation arrangements.

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1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS

The widening/ upgradation of the project highway have direct benefits and are indicated below:

a. Improved quality of living in the project area

b. Economic benefits to the local population

c. Provide Employment

d. Easy accesses to Agricultural Marketing

e. School, Health facilities

f. Enhance Environmental measures for aesthetic impacts

1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

The report has been organized under the following heading, which contains the details as

described below.

Chapter 2 – Project Description: The existing features present along the project corridor have

been discussed in this chapter

Chapter 3 – Legal and Institutional Framework: The Legal requirements applicable to the

project have been discussed in this chapter along with the Institutions enforcing them.

Chapter 4 – Environmental and Social Baseline: The physical, biological, social and cultural

environments have been assessed to establish a comprehensive picture of the existing

environmental / socio-economic scenario along the project corridor and its area of influence.

Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives: Alternative widening and alignment options adopted to

minimize impacts on the environmental, social and cultural assets have been discussed in this

chapter.

Chapter 6 – Community Consultation Public consultation carried out during the project

preparation stage and people’s perceptions of the project benefits and the potential impacts.

Chapter 7 – Potential Impacts: Likely impacts on environmental, social and cultural features

along the roadside have been analyzed.

Chapter 8 – Mitigation Measures presents an elaborate listing of the nature of impacts on each

of the environmental components and the avoidance and mitigation measures.

Chapter 9 – Environment Management Plan presents an elaborate description of the various

management measures to be taken during various stages of the project.

Chapter 10 – Environment Monitoring Plan presents a monitoring plan for all performance

indicators, reporting formats and necessary budgetary provisions.

Chapter 11 – Environmental Budget presents the environmental budget for the various

environmental management measures proposed in the EMP.

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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This chapter describes the project background and also discusses the methodology adopted and

structure of the present report.

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), Government of India, has decided to take up

the development of various National Highway Corridors for augmentation of capacity and for safe

and efficient movement of traffic by widening to four/six lanes. Accordingly NHAI has proposed to

implement the development projects for few selected sections/corridors through Public – Private

Partnership (PPP) under Design, Build, Finance, Operate & Transfer (DBFOT) Pattern.

The alignment starts at Bhavnagar (km 03.200) and extends up to Dwarka (km 473.000) for a

length of approximately 470 km in the State of Gujarat. In discussions with NHAI officials, the

project has been extended from Dwarka to Okha for a length of approximately 30 kms that is

presently SH-25. The present study corridor is the existing National Highway – 8E passing

through five districts of the state of Gujarat namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar

and Jamnagar. The project road is approximately 500 km long. It starts at Bhavnagar, runs

almost parallel to the southern coast of Gujarat and ends at Okha. Initially, the highway was up

to Veraval and continued northwards as NH8E from here. Later on, a link was made to Chorwad

from NH8E and this link continues as NH8E up to Dwaraka. From Dwarka to Okha, the existing

highway is SH-25.

The project road passes through many towns like Trapej, Pipavav, Una, Somnath, Veraval,

Madhavpur and Porbander, Dwarka before it ends at Okha. It also passes through many villages

enroute. The project corridor has been indicated in fig 1.1.

2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS

2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW)

The project corridor, in general, under present consideration falls under NH divisions of R&B

Department of Govt. of Gujarat namely Rajkot Divisions.

The existing RoW available in the project stretch is indicated below in table 2.1.

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Table 2.1: Existing RoW

From (Km) To (Km) Width (m) Left (m) Right (m)

3.200 48.000 33.5 3.5 30.0

48.000 408.000 30.0 15.0 15.0

408.000 473.000 46.0 23.0 23.0

231.000 261.000 30.0 15.0 15.0

In the seven bypasses proposed by R&B, 45m RoW is available.

2.2.2 Traffic Scenario

Passenger traffic dominates project corridor, however, the review of the data provides the

impression of having considerable percentage of commercial traffic movement. The

volume/capacity ratio based on available traffic data come out to be greater than one, and calls

for attention towards capacity augmentation. The average speed on project corridor is about 45

kmph, which is moderate.

Looking at the corridor specific and regional characteristics along the project corridor, the project

corridor can be divided into three homogenous sections as given in the Table 2.2 below.

Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor

Section Homogenous Sections Length of Section (km)

1 Bhavnagar (Km 3.200) to Mahuva (Km 89.000) 85.800

2 Mahuva (Km 89.000) to Kodinar (Km 226.700) 137.700

3 Kodinar (Km 226.700) to Veraval (Km 263.000) 36.300

4 Veraval (Km 263.000) to Urang (Km 443.000) 180.000

5 Urang (Km 443.000) to Dwarka (Km 473.000) Dwarka (Km 231.000) to Okha (Km 261.100)

61.100

Projected Traffic

Table 2.3: Projected Traffic (PCU)

Homogeneous Sections 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2036

Bhavnagar (Km 3.200) to Mahuva (Km 89.000)

32000 38896 49643 63358 80862 108362

Mahuva (Km 89.000) to Kodinar (Km 226.700)

20000 24310 31027 39599 50539 67729

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Homogeneous Sections 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2036

Kodinar (Km 226.700) to Veraval (Km 263.000)

31000 37681 48091 61378 78335 104979

Veraval (Km 263.000) to Urang (Km 443.000)

9000 10940 13962 17819 22743 30477

Urang (Km 443.000) to Dwarka (Km 473.000)

Dwarka (Km 231.000) to Okha (Km 261.100)

20000 24310 31027 39599 50539 71115

2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments

The project roads start from km 3.200 at Bhavnagar to Dwarka at km 473.000 and from Dwarka

at km 231.000 and traverses till Okha at km 261.100. The land use plan has been indicated in

table 2.1. The following table indicates the distribution of length of project road and percentage

length in terms of landuse and roadside environments. The existing landuse with the project

influence area is indicated in table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Summary of landuse

S. No. Land Use % of Total Length

1 Agriculture 51

2 Commercial 9.6

3 Residential 7.4

4 Barren 32

Total 100

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Fig

2.1

: L

an

du

se P

lan

of

the P

roje

ct

co

rrid

or

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2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute

Agriculture is the predominant land use along the corridor. Several educational institutions,

cement concrete blocks/bricks manufacturing units have also been observed along the corridor.

The project corridor has already bypassed towns of Mahuva, Kodinar, and Veraval. Apart from

these, there are many settlements and ribbon developments on the corridor. Generally

commercial and residential land use is seen in most of them. Details of urban areas and

settlements are given in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor

Sr.No Km From Km to Length City/Town/Villege

1 3.200 4.000 0.800 Bhavnagar

2 4.000 6.000 2.000 Adhewada

3 9.400 10.500 1.100 Budhel

4 15.400 16.300 0.900 Kobadi

5 21.100 22.500 1.400 Bhandaria

6 29.300 30.500 1.200 Tansa

7 33.200 33.600 0.400 Rajpara

8 39.750 40.400 0.650 Trapaj

9 51.000 52.400 1.400 Talaja

10 54.100 54.300 0.200 Sobhavad

11 61.400 62.100 0.700 Pasvi

12 67.400 68.200 0.800 Borda

13 70.300 70.800 0.500 Jagdhar

14 74.300 75.100 0.800 Longadi

15 86.400 87.400 1.000 Bhadrod

16 90.000 99.300 9.300 Mahua/Mahua Bypass

17 101.700 102.000 0.300 Devadia

18 107.300 108.000 0.700 Madhiya

19 109.600 110.000 0.400 Vangar

20 114.200 114.600 0.400 Datardi

21 122.000 122.100 0.100 Pipavav Port Junction

22 132.900 133.100 0.200 Chatadiya

23 134.000 134.500 0.500 Dungar parada

24 149.000 149.500 0.500 Nagasari

25 157.700 159.000 1.300 Hemal

26 161.200 161.800 0.600 Chalana

27 170.300 170.700 0.400 Goingada

28 174.800 175.200 0.400 Samter

29 180.000 186.200 6.200 Una

30 192.000 193.000 1.000 Nadholi

31 195.900 196.400 0.500 Kesariya

32 201.300 202.200 0.900 Simasi

33 205.200 207.200 2.000 Dholasa

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34 211.700 211.800 0.100 Malgam

35 222.250 226.600 4.350 Kodinar/Kodinar Bypass

36 230.900 231.200 0.300 Bittawada

37 232.000 232.400 0.400 Mordiya

38 237.000 237.600 0.600 Parasli

39 240.500 242.500 2.000 Prachi

40 248.800 250.000 1.200 Gorakhmandhi

41 256.900 257.400 0.500 Athoda

42 258.300 258.700 0.400 Sutrapada phatak

43 261.000 261.400 0.400 Kajali

44 262.800 262.900 0.100 Gadu

45 269.200 271.100 1.900 Chorwad

46 274.000 274.800 0.800 Kukasawada

47 278.400 278.900 0.500 Arena

48 285.900 290.000 4.100 Mangrol

49 292.600 293.300 0.700 Rahej

50 295.100 295.300 0.200 Loej

51 298.100 299.000 0.900 Shil

52 304.300 304.800 0.500 Aadhroli

53 309.000 309.500 0.500 Goard Madhavpur

54 310.000 312.700 2.700 Madhavpur (Ghed)

55 322.000 322.400 0.400 Gorsur

56 322.600 322.800 0.200 Mucha

57 328.000 328.300 0.300 Balach

58 332.400 332.500 0.100 Ratia

59 347.600 348.000 0.400 Ghosa

60 351.250 351.800 0.550 Gurda

61 364.000 375.800 11.800 Porbandar

62 382.100 382.500 0.400 Kuchhadi

63 386.100 386.400 0.300 Kantela

64 390.300 390.500 0.200 Ratadi

65 393.400 393.700 0.300 Palkheda

66 397.100 397.500 0.400 Visawada

67 400.600 401.300 0.700 Tukada

68 404.000 404.500 0.500 Bhavpara

69 407.400 408.300 0.900 Milyani

70 430.900 431.400 0.500 Bhogat

71 465.000 465.100 0.100 Bordiya

72 471.000 473.000 2.000 Dwaraka

231.000 233.500 2.500 Dwaraka

73 237.200 238.000 0.800 Varvala

74 251.500 254.700 3.200 Mithapur

75 255.800 256.600 0.800 Arambada

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76 245.700 245.950 0.250 Mojab

2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Environmental impact assessment of the project will include:

Collection of baseline information on various components of the environment.

Identification of areas and aspects that is environmentally or socially significant.

Conducting community consultations on various environmental and social aspects of the

project and documenting the same.

Determining the magnitude of environmental impacts and formulation of mitigation measures

for consideration and incorporation during planning/design, construction and operational

phases of the project implementation.

Preparation of environmental management plans including a program for monitoring

environmental impacts, implementation schedule and responsibilities. It also specifies

requirements of Institutional strengthening, if any, supervision program and contracting

procedures for execution of environmental mitigation works.

2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS

2.4.1 Widening Scheme

A detailed evaluation of the information collected and options described in the preceding

subsections has enabled formulation of widening scheme that best suits the different stretches of

the Project Road. The tentative length of proposed individual widening options along the project

corridor is given in table, 2.6, below:

Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered

S.No Widening Option Code Total Length

(Km)

1 Eccentric widening on LHS while moving towards Somnath EL 62.642

2 Eccentric widening on RHS while moving towards

Somnath

ER 144.799

3 Concentric CON 151.740

4 Bypass, Realignments & Curve Improvement BYP/RE 100.133

5 Flyover/ VUP/ CUP/ PUP/ RoB 38.075

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(CONCENTRIC WIDENING)

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 2-LANE HIGHWAY WITHOUT SERVICE ROAD

1500 7000

PROPOSED

CARRIAGEWAY

PAVE

DSH

OU

LDER

2.5%

2000

EAR

THEN

SHO

ULD

ER

211000

1000

3.0%

G.L.

2000

UTI

LITY

CO

RR

IDO

R

(TYPE-1)

1500 2000

1000

1000

2000

RIGHT OF WAY

UTI

LITY

CO

RR

IDO

R

PAVE

DSH

OU

LDER

EAR

THEN

SHO

ULD

ER

2.5%

21

3.0%

G.L.

RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE

C OF CARRIAGEWAYL

Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road

(NEW CONSTRUCTION)

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 2-LANE HIGHWAY WITHOUT SERVICE ROAD

(TYPE-2)

1500 7000

PROPOSED

CARRIAGEWAY

PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R2000

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

211000

1000

G.L.

2000

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

1500 2000

1000

1000

2000

RIGHT OF WAY

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

21

G.L.

RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE

C OF CARRIAGEWAYL

2.5%3.0% 2.5% 3.0%

Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road

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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 4-LANE HIGHWAY WITH SERVICE ROAD (ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN RHS)

(MIRROR IMAGE FOR ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN LHS)

(TYPE-7)

1500 7000

PROPOSED

CARRIAGEWAY

PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R

2.5% SLOPE

2000

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

3.0%

RIGHT OF WAYRIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE

C OF CARRIAGEWAYL

EXISTING

CARRIAGWAY

250 4500

MEDIAN

15007000

PROPOSED

CARRIAGEWAY

PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R

2.5% SLOPE

2000

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

3.0%

25015007000

(SERVICE ROAD)

2.5% SLOPE

150015002000

G.L.

FENCE

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

DR

AIN

1500 7000

(SERVICE ROAD)

2.5% SLOPE

1500 1500 2000

G.L.FENCE

DR

AIN

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road

1000

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 4-LANE FLYOVER/UNDERPASS

(TYPE-12)

WITH SLIP ROAD

3500

MEDIAN

9900

PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY

1000

17501000

G.L.1

2

2000 7000

SLIP ROAD 2.5% SLOPE

2.5% / 3% SLOPE

9900


G.L.1

2

20007000

SLIP ROAD

2.5% / 3% SLOPE

23400 23400

46800

UT

ILIT

Y

CO

RR

IDO

R

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE

C OF CARRIAGEWAYL

PA

VE

RB

LO

CK

DR

AIN

17501000

PA

VE

RB

LO

CK

2.5% SLOPE

DR

AIN

Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road

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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 6-LANE HIGHWAY WITH SERVICE ROAD (ECCENTRIC WIDENING IN RHS)

(EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY AS LHS SERVICE ROAD)

(TYPE-21)

1500 10500


PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R

2.5% SLOPE

2000

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

3.0%

RIGHT OF WAYRIGHT SIDELEFT SIDE

C OF CARRIAGEWAYL

EXISTING CARRIAGWAY

250 4500

MEDIAN

150010500


PA

VE

DS

HO

UL

DE

R

2.5% SLOPE

2000

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

3.0%

25015007000

(SERVICE ROAD)

2.5% SLOPE

15002000

G.L.

FENCE

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

DR

AIN

1500 7000

(SERVICE ROAD)

2.5% SLOPE

1500 1500 2000

G.L.FENCE

DR

AIN

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

EA

RT

HE

NS

HO

UL

DE

R

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 6-LANE FLYOVER/VEHICULAR/CATTLE/PEDESTRIAN UNDERPASS

(TYPE-25)

WITH SLIP ROAD

1000

3500

MEDIAN

13400


1000

17501000

G.L.1

2

2000 7000

SLIP ROAD2.5% SLOPE

2.5% / 3% SLOPE

13400


G.L.1

2

20007000

SLIP ROAD

2.5% / 3% SLOPE

26900 26900

53800

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

UT

ILIT

YC

OR

RID

OR

RIGHT SIDELEFT SIDEC OF CARRIAGEWAYL

PA

VE

RB

LO

CK

DR

AIN

1750 1000

PA

VE

RB

LO

CK

DR

AIN

2.5% SLOPE

Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report

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2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses

Alternative options have been studied to identify the most suitable alignment for the

proposed improvement of the project road.

Along existing alignment

Along the bypass alignment

The following eighteen locations have been considered for the study of bypass:

Adhewada, Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000

Budhel, Km. 8.500 – Km 11.060

Kobadi, Km.14.540 – Km. 17.300

Bhandaria, Km. 20.080 – Km. 23.000

Tansa, Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150

Trapej, Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050

Talaja, Km. 49.600 – Km. 53.500

Bhadrad, Km. 85.610 – Km. 89.000

Datardi, Km. 113.240 – Km. 115.450

Hemal, Km. 157.200 – Km. 159.850

Samter, Km. 174.025 – Km. 176.400

Una, Km. 180.400 – Km. 188.000

Dholasa, Km. 204.950 – Km. 207.000

Prachi, Km. 240.080 to Km. 243.390

Chorwad, Km. 268.600 – Km. 271.400

Kukasawada, Km. 272.800 – Km. 276.550

Madhavpur, Km. 308.600 to Km. 312.650

Porbandar, Km. 356.860 – Km. 376.300

As indicated above, total 18 nos of bypasses have been considered for the study of

detailed alternative alignment of the Project Road. Out of these 18 nos of bypasses, the

following 7 nos of bypasses have already been proposed by R&B department.

Adhewada, Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000

Budhel, Km. 8.500 – Km 11.060

Kobadi, Km.14.540 – Km. 17.300

Bhandaria, Km. 20.080 – Km. 23.000

Tansa, Km. 28.650 – Km. 31.150

Trapej, Km. 39.200 – Km. 41.050

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Una, Km. 180.400 – Km. 188.000

2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width

The proposed Right of Way is 60 m from Bhavanagar (km3.2+000) to Veraval (km263+000).

The proposed Right of Way is 30 m from Veraval (km 263+000) to Urang (km 443+000).

The proposed Right of Way is 60 m from Urang (km 443+000) to Okha (km 501+700).

2.4.4 Proposed Median Width

The proposed median width is 4.5m in rural areas and 2.0m in urban areas.

2.4.5 Proposed Road Features

Bridges and Culverts: There are 578 numbers of Bridges and CD structures found in the entire

project corridor as per Bridge inventory and condition survey.

The condition of bridges is found to be in fair condition and in few cases the carriageway has

been narrowed by providing a barrier wall in order to restrict the traffic on central portion only. All

such bridges have been proposed for reconstruction. The remaining bridges are mostly in good

condition and just need some repair work.

The culverts found on the stretch are overall in good condition. The culverts proposed to be

reconstructed are mainly those which are below 900mm diameter or fully choked in case of pipe

culverts or in very poor condition in case of slab or arch culverts. The existing culverts shall be

widened based on improvement proposal. All retained culverts need minor repair work only. The

rehabilitation of the pipe culverts mainly require repair of headwall, cleaning of siltation in pipes

and cleaning of waterway. Bed protection is to be provided for the Slab/Slab and arch culverts.

Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures

Summary of Bridges

Sr. No. Structure Type Numbers

1 Major Bridges 30

2 Minor Bridges 187

Summary of Culverts

Sr. No. Culvert Type Numbers

1 Slab 170

2 Pipe 191

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Bus Stops:

The list of bus stops along the project corridor is given in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor

Sl.No Chainage Side

1 3.200 RHS

2 4.000 RHS

3 17.700 RHS

4 19.800 RHS

5 42.700 LHS

6 133.200 LHS

7 144.000 LHS

8 148.800 LHS

9 154.000 RHS

10 161.600 LHS

11 173.700 LHS

12 178.700 LHS

13 228.000 LHS

14 232.100 LHS

15 234.600 RHS

16 251.800 RHS

17 256.600 LHS

18 281.400 RHS

19 288.500 RHS

20 292.000 RHS

21 295.300 LHS

22 300.200 LHS

23 306.600 LHS

24 325.900 LHS

25 336.500 RHS

26 350.500 LHS

27 385.200 LHS

28 389.400 RHS

29 402.950 RHS

30 405.200 RHS

31 405.950 RHS

32 424.800 LHS

33 426.800 LHS

34 436.800 RHS

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Toll Plaza

It is proposed to provide seven toll plazas in the project stretch. The details are indicated below

in table 2.9.

Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations

Sl. No Existing Km No of lanes

1 11.600 10+2

2 78.000 10+2

3 168.800 10+2

4 245.400 10+2

5 294.000 4+2

6 356.200 4+2

7 445.300 6+2

2.5 INTERSECTIONS

There are more than 224 cross roads with various categories of roads all along the corridor. All of

these intersections are at-grade. Apart from these intersections, there are some additional

intersections that have come up at the start and end of proposed bypasses at various urban

settlements. All these new intersections are considered as important ones. There is deletion of

some intersections and there is change of intersection type from T-intersection to x-intersection

due to introduction of bypasses.

Accordingly, total number of intersections is divided into different categories of varying

importance and developments are proposed to each category as mentioned in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements

S.NO Type Proposed Improvement

1 Type-I: Intersections of

prime Importance

At-grade/Grade separated intersection with Acceleration

/Deceleration lane /service road and median opening

2 Type-2:Intersections of

secondary importance

At- Grade channelised intersections with median opening.

No Acc/Dec lanes

Typical intersection drawings indicating the various elements of intersections have been

developed and presented in drawing volume of this report.

A) Major Intersection:

These are intersections with major category of roads like NH, SH and MDR carrying good

amount of cross road traffic. Details of these intersections are given below:

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Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections

Sr. No.

Existing Km Type

Going to village Type of Road (SH/MDR/VR)

Left Right Left Right

1 8.990 4 Leg Ghogha Sidsar SH

2 95.800 Rotary Mahua Savarkundala

3 223.100 4 Leg Kodianar Amreli

4 262.800 Tee Veraval NH

5 262.800 Tee Jetpur NH

6 286.300 Tee Mangrol MDR

7 288.000 4 Leg Mangrol Keshod SH SH

8 367.100 Tee Porbandar MDR

9 369.400 Tee Rajkot NH

10 372.200 Tee Porbandar MDR

11 375.600 Tee Jamnagar MDR

12 407.800 Tee Harshad Bagvodar VR MDR

13 431.100 Tee Bhatia MDR

14 443.500 Tee Jamnagar SH

15 473.000 Tee Dwarka Khambaliya VR SH

16 251.920 Tee LHS Mithapur CR

17 260.100 Tee LHS Okha City CR

b) Minor Intersection:

This type of improvement is proposed at junctions with cross-roads of villages and access roads

carrying moderate to low traffic. There are 207 minor junctions along the project corridor. Details

of type of minor intersections are indicated below:

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Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection

Sl. No. Type of Intersection Number of Intersections

1 T 137

2 + 39

3 Y 29

4 5 Legged 2

2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE

Presence of a good drainage system is essential. In the project alignment, the following types of

drains have been proposed:

i) Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas

ii) Road-side Drain in Rural Areas

iii) Chute Drains at High Embankments

2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas

These drains are provided in urban areas, wherever there is service road. A covered rectangular

RCC drain, having width of 1.5 m, with varied depth has been proposed below footpath on both

sides, to drain off water from main carriageway and service road.

2.6.2 Road-side Drain

In rural areas, open unlined trapezoidal drains with 0.6 m widths and 1V: 2H side slope have

been proposed near ROW on both sides of the road as per guidelines given IRC SP-42

2.6.3 Chute Drains

When the height of the embankment is more than 3.0m, the possibility of erosion of embankment

slopes and shoulders increases. In such cases longitudinal kerbed drains at edge of roadway are

provided to channelise the flow and are led down by lined chute drains. And these chute drains

are ultimately discharged into roadside drains.

2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel

On demand by the local people, additional culvert of 1.0m dia HP (NP-4) for field channel shall

be provided at bypasses to allow the water to pass from one side to other side if the lands on

both side of the road belong to the same owner.

2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road

Additional culvert of 1.0m dia HP is to be provided at the cross road joining Main Carriage Way

(i.e. at intersections etc.) wherever drains are passing. This size shall be increased to fulfill the

31



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road drainage requirement. If there is existing culvert at the crossroad, the size of the culvert

shall be the maximum of the existing size of the culvert and 1.2m dia HP.

2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Quarry Areas:

Aggregates to be used for base, surface courses and concrete works have been collected from

the crushers under operation in the existing quarries. The locations, estimated quantity and the

approximate distance from each source to the nearest point on the project road are compiled in

Table 2.13.

Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates

Sr.No Chainage Side Distance Location

1 9.000 Left 2 Km Bhikada

2 17.000 Left 3 Km Ukhalla

3 51.000 Right 10 Km Palitana Road

4 134.000 Right 20 Km Rajula

5 184.000 Left 17 Km Girgaradha

6 204.000 Right 5 Km Near Dolasa

7 223.000 Right 35 Km Dronaki

8 240.000 Right 15 Km Rampara

9 331.000 Left 2 km

10 408.000 Right 6 Km

2.7.1 Quarries for Sand

Sand samples have been collected from two sand sources and tested. Table 2.14 shows the

location of these sand quarries. Locations of these quarries are provided in Table 2.14.

Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry

Existing km Source of Sand

149.426 Nagasari

175.000 Datakdi

2.7.2 Source for Water

There are no perennial rivers in the vicinity of the project corridor. The discharges of the rivers

are maximum during rainy with visible impurities such as clay and discharge reduces to minimum

in dry season.

A total of nine water sources were identified and details are shown in Table 2.15.

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Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample

Existing km Name of the source

49.565 Shetranji River

86.655 Bhadrodi River

88.937 Butiyo River

94.380 Malan River

134.593 Datakdi River

183.179 Machchundari River

223.215 Shingoda River

262.122 Hiranya River

339.223 Bhadar River

The suitability of these identified water sources is to be checked before incorporation of

construction works as per IS 456-2000.

2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Geotechnical Investigations have been carried at proposed bridge locations to explore

subsurface conditions by drilling boreholes to different depths in order to identify the thickness

and sequences of various strata and to ascertain the subsurface profile of soils and bed rock to

determine the most suitable foundation level of structures.

2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

All the hydraulic data for bridges has been collected from the field and it has been analyzed and

studies carried out to determine the adequacy of waterway of the existing bridges proposed to be

retained and new bridges to be constructed as per provisions of IRC: 5-1998 and IRC: SP-13.

2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES

2.10.1 Carriageway Markings

Carriageway markings have been designed primarily to delineate lane positions to encourage

lane discipline and safety. The MOST details in "Type Design for Intersection on National

Highways" provide good guidelines. Also IRC Code IRC: 35-1997 gives recommendations

regarding carriageway markings.

Notable features of the provisions are:

i) Traffic lane lines shall be single broken lines. Their width shall be 100 mm and the length

of segments and gaps shall be as under.

On straight reaches, 1.50 m segments and 3.0 m gaps.

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On curves and approaches to intersections 1.50 m segments and 1.50m gaps.

The colour of lane markings is white and it is visible in the dark under car/truck head lights.

ii) Continuous white lines, 150 mm wide are used to show the extent of the travelled

carriageway.

2.10.2 Traffic Signs

The traffic sign’s design is standardised for mandatory/regulatory types are as per standard IRC-

67 design.

Some of the signs will be in the verges mounted on steel posts in the usual manner. On the

approaches to junctions, overhead signs mounted on gantries have been designed. This

enables the signs to span the road and allow the driver on the moderately high speed road to

easily read the sign and take appropriate action.

The signs are proposed to be bi-lingual, in English and Hindi.

The minimum letter size is 150mm and is in accordance with the guidelines.

Hectometer/Kilometer stones and Marker Posts, Marker Stones are proposed at each kilometer

as is the practice on the Urban Roads.

2.10.3 Safety Barriers

Two types of safety barriers have been proposed:

i) Rigid Barriers

Rigid barriers are proposed on bridges, the details of which are provided in the

volume containing the design of standard drawings.

ii) Flexible Barriers

Flexible metal beam crash barriers are proposed at high embankment locations & bridge/flyover

approaches & the details are indicated in drawings volume.

2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT

For widening of project road land needs to be acquired. The total land required for the project is

1280.64 ha. Details are indicated in table 2.16.

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Table 2.16: Land Requirement

S. No. Land Use Land (ha)

1 Agriculture 653.13

2 Commercial 122.94

3 Residential 94.77

4 Barren 409.80

Total 1280.64

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35

3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The present chapter discusses the legal framework of the present project and the stakeholder

agencies that have to be duly consulted for its effective implementation.

3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The environmental regulations, legislation, policy guidelines and control that may apply to this

project are the responsibility of a variety of government agencies. The following agencies would

play an important role in this project.

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF): The primary responsibility for administration and

implementation of the Government of India’s (GoI) policy with respect to environmental

management, conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution control rests with

the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Established in 1985, the MoEF is the agency

primarily responsible for the review and approval of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)

pursuant to GoI legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has set up regional

offices, with each region having an office. The office for the present project is located at

Gandhinagar.

Gujarat State Forest Department: The Gujarat State Forest Department is responsible for the

protection and managing the forest designated areas within the state. At the state level, the

Government of Gujarat through Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF) is empowered to

declare reserved and protected forests. It has also been given the authority to acquire land for

extension and preservation of forests. The Forest Department works out Forest Working Plans

for the various forest divisions to manage and protect the forest resources. These plans form the

basis for managing the forest resources and for chalking out specific plans and policies with

respect to the conservation, protection and development of the forest areas. The department is

also responsible for granting clearances for projects as per the provisions of the Forest

(Conservation) Act, 1980.

Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that

may apply to this project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in

Table 2.1.

3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING

The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations for

protection of environment, which have been summarized in the table below:

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Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this

Project and Institution responsible

National Level Acts

National Act Year Objective Responsible

Institution

Environment (Protection) Act. 1986

To protect and improve the overall environment

MOEF, CPCB

Notification on Environment Impact Assessment of Development projects (and amendments) (referred to as the Notification on Environmental Clearance)

2006

To provide environmental clearance to new development activities following environmental impact assessment.

MOEF, CPCB

Coastal Regulation Zone Regulations, and Notifications on Coastal Regulation zone.

1991 & subsequent

amendments

To restrict the establishment or expansion of industries, operation or process between the High Tide and Low Tide Lines.

MOEF

Wildlife Protection Act 1972

To protect wild animals and birds through the creation of National Parks and Sanctuaries

MoEF

Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 To protect and manage forests MoEF

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments)

1974

To provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water.

CPCB

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (and subsequent amendments)

1981

To provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, and for the establishment of Boards to carry out these purposes.

CPCB and Transport

Department

Central Motor Vehicle Act Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1988

1989

To control vehicular air and noise pollution. To regulate development of the transport sector, check and control vehicular air and noise pollution.

Motor Vehicle Department

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act

1958

Conservation of Cultural and historical remains found in India.

Archaeological Dept. GOI, Indian Heritage Society

and Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage

(INTACH).

I. Summary of National Acts:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 resulted in the establishment of the

Central Pollution Control Board whose responsibilities include managing water quality and

effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, processing offenders and issuing licenses

for construction and operation of any facility. This includes the generation of liquid effluent during

road construction, including from residential construction camps.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 empowers Central Pollution Control Board

to set air quality and emission standards, monitoring air quality, prosecute offenders and issuing

licenses for the construction and operation of any facility. Air quality includes noise level

standards. This act has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards for different activities,

e.g. Industrial, Residential and Sensitive.

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Environment Protection Act 1986: This act was passed as an overall comprehensive act for

protection and improvement of the environment. The requirements for Environmental Clearance

under this Act have been described above. Under this Act rules have been specified for

discharge/emission of effluents and different standards for environment quality. These include

standards for Ambient Noise, Emission from Motor Vehicles, Mass Emission Standards for

Diesel and Petrol Driven vehicles, and General Effluent Standards. These standards are of direct

relevance for road construction projects.

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification: Through the CRZ Notification dated 19th

February 1991, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India declared

the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are

influenced by tidal action (in the landward side) up to 500 metres from the High Tide Line (HTL)

and the land between the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the High Tide Line (HTL) as Coastal

Regulation Zone and imposed certain restrictions on the setting up and expansion of industries,

operations or processes, etc in the said Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ).

The CRZ areas are classified into four categories based on their environmental and ecological

sensitivity and significance. Their permissible and prohibitory activities are also classified

accordingly.

Protection of Cultural Places: With regard to the cultural aspects of the environment, the Indian

constitution states that, ’it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich

heritage in the nation, both government agencies and NGOs concerned with the preservation

and conservation of this heritage have been established.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the oldest organization concerned with

conservation in India and continues to be an important organization, working on the protection

and conservation of monuments and archaeological sites. It is supported in its endeavors by the

State level Directorates of Archaeology and it administers the Ancient Monuments and

Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958. There are numerous NGOs interest groups involved

in the conservation of cultural property in India including the Indian Heritage Society (HIS). The

Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) has regional chapters in most states

and is the largest such NGO. It acts as a reference for government agencies on conservation

issues. However, there are no such archaeological sites in this project area.

II. Summary of State Acts:

The Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction of Punishment) Act 1951: This act is for taking the

permission from Forest and Environment Department of Government of Gujarat for felling of

tress of Limdo, Baval, Kanji, Khijdo, Ambo and Amli under Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction

of Punishment) Act, 1951 and this shall be required in case of above trees cut within the distance

of 200 meters from the edge of the National Highways, State Highways and District Roads,

Notified urban areas and notified ecosensitive areas and within 5 Kms of the boundary of

Reserved Forest, Sanctuaries, National Parks, Sea coast and Desert.

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Gujarat State Pollution Control Board: The Gujarat State Pollution Control Board has the

mandate for environmental management at the state level, with emphasis on air and water

quality. The board is responsible for:

Planning and executing state-level air and water initiatives;

Advising state government departments on air, water and industry issues;

Establishing standards based on National Minimum Standards;

Enforcing and monitoring of all the activities within the state under the Air Act, the

Water Act, the Water Cess Act and the Environment Protection Act; and

Issuing No-objection certificates (NOC) for the projects in accordance with the water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Water Cess Act of 1977 and the

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.

Gujarat State Coastal Zone Management Authority: The Central Government constituted an

authority to be known as the Gujarat State Coastal Zone Management Authority in supersession

of the Notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests Number

999 (E) dated, the 26th November, 1998. The Authority has the power to take the following

measures for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environment and preventing,

abating and controlling environmental pollution in the coastal areas of the State of Gujarat and

examine proposals for changes or modifications in classification of Coastal Regulation Zone

areas and in the Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) received from the Gujarat State

Government and making specific recommendations to the National Coastal Zone Management

Authority therefor . Authority has its headquarters at Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The Authority deals

with environmental issues relating to Coastal Regulation Zone which may be referred to it by the

Gujarat State Government, the National Coastal Zone Management Authority or the Central

Government. The Authority identifies:

- Ecologically sensitive areas in the Coastal Regulation Zone and formulate area-specific

management plans for such identified areas.

- Coastal areas highly vulnerable to erosion or degradation and formulate area specific

management plans for such identified areas.

- Economically important stretches in Coastal Regulation Zone and prepares Integrated

Coastal Zone Management Plans for the same.

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 resulted in the establishment of the

State Level Pollution Control Board whose responsibilities include managing water quality and

effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, processing offenders and issuing licenses

for construction and operation of any facility. This includes the generation of liquid effluent during

road construction, including from residential construction camps.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 empowers State Pollution Control Board to

set air quality and emission standards, monitoring air quality, prosecute offenders and issuing

licenses for the construction and operation of any facility. Air quality includes noise level

standards. This act has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards for different activities,

e.g. Industrial, Residential and Sensitive.

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Quarrying and Other Materials Extraction: All rock, aggregates and sand for construction will

be obtained from designated quarries and other sources such as river beds which are under the

regulatory control of the Department of Land and Land Revenue of GOG. Mining projects

(including quarries) with leases of more than 5 hectares fall into the Schedule I group of activities

requiring Environmental Clearance from MOEF. Other quarrying activities require Environmental

Clearance from DOE. Where quarries are located on forested lands, Forest Clearance is

required from the MOEF or the GOG Forests Department.

3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES

3.3.1 The EIA Notification

As per the provisions of the new amended EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, the

requirement for Environmental clearance has been quoted below:

REQUIREMENT FOR SEEKING ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE

“Categorization of projects and activities

i) All projects and activities are broadly categorized into two categories-Category A and Category B…..

ii) Category A: New National Highways and Expansion of National Highways greater than 30 km involving

additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition.

iii). Category B: New State Highways and Expansion of State Highways greater than 30 km involving additional

right of way greater than 20 m involving land acquisition.”

Procedure for Environmental Clearance: The application seeking prior environmental

clearance is to be made in the prescribed Form I annexed to the notification and Supplementary

Form IA, if applicable, as given in Appendix II of the notification, after the identification of

prospective site for the project and /or activities to which the application relates, before

commencing any construction activity, or preparation of land, at the site by the applicant. The

environmental clearance process for new projects comprises of four steps, which are,

Screening ( only for Category B projects or activities) will entail the scrutiny of application (Form

1) by the concerned State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) for determining whether or

not the project requires further environmental studies and preparation of Environmental Impact

Assessment Report for grant of environmental clearance. Projects requiring EIA Report are

termed Category B1 and the remaining as Category B2.

In Scoping, the EAC (for Category A projects) and SEAC (for Category B projects) determine

detailed comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for the preparation of the EIA Report in

relation to the project for which environmental clearance is sought. The TOR would be

determined on the basis of information furnished in Form 1/1A.

Public Consultation: All Category A and B1 projects have to undertake Public Consultation

(except expansion of Roads and Highways which do not involve any further acquisition of land).

Public Hearing and Consultation shall be done by the SPCB.

Appraisal of the Final EIA.Report by EAC/ SEAC for grant of environmental clearance.

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3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project

The present project alignment is a National Highway greater than 30 km in length and involves

additional right of way greater than 20 m, hence has been considered under Category A. Thus,

environmental clearance is required for the project (as per MOEF Notification, September 2006).

In view of this, a screening report along with Form 1 (duly filled in) and Draft Terms of Reference

(TOR) has been submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) for their perusal

and comment.

The existing legislation and policies relevant to the project at the National and State levels have

been reviewed and identified. The clearance requirement for the project at various stages of the

project is described below.

Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements

Sl No

Clearance Required for Statute under which clearance is

required Statutory Authority

1. Environmental Clearance EIA Notification, 2006 issued under EP Act, 1986

Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI, New Delhi

2. Coastal Zone Clearance Coastal Zone Regulation,1991 Gujarat Coastal Management Authority, Ministry of Environment and Forest, GOI, New Delhi It is observed that about 63 kms of land is observed in the coastal regulatory zone and adequate clearances shall be obtained from the concerned Authority

3. Permission for felling of Roadside trees

The Saurashtra Felling of Trees (Infliction of Punishment) Act 1951

Forest Department, Gujarat. Tree Enumeration along with Girth and Height parameters have been completed on the field and the same has been submitted to the concerned forest officials for verification.

4. No Objection Certificate

EIA Notification, 2006 issued under EP Act, 1986 Water (P&CP) Act, 1974 & Air (P&CP) Act, 1981

Gujarat Pollution Control Board.

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41

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

The present chapter describes the physical, biological, social and cultural environment along the project

corridor and its immediate influence area.

4.1 BACKGROUND

Previous chapters have highlighted scope of environment assessment, existing features of the

road and proposed improvement, methodology and regulations applicable to environmental

assessment. In this chapter an attempt has been made to prepare a baseline environmental

setting so as applicability of Government of India (GoI) regulatory requirements could be

envisioned. Based on the existing environmental scenario potential impacts of road improvement

will be identified and accordingly management plan will be proposed in forthcoming sections.

The baseline environmental conditions will help in comparing and to monitor the predicted

negative and positive impacts, significant less adverse revised impact, resulting from the project

during construction and operation phases.

Data was collected from secondary sources for the macro-environmental setting like climate,

physiography (Geology and slope), biological and socio-economic environment. First hand

information have been collected to record the micro-environmental features within and adjacent

to the project corridor. Collection of first hand (Primary) information includes preparation of base

maps, extrapolating environmental features on proposed road design, tree enumeration, location

and measurement of socio-cultural features abutting project road.

Data was also recorded at sites used for extraction of materials for construction but generally

outside the project corridor e.g. borrows areas and quarries. Ambient Air, Noise and water quality

sample were collected at important locations in terms of environment quality to prepare a

baseline database. Consultation was another source of information to explain local conditions

like submergence, recent floods etc. However, these consultation results were largely base on

short term memories like information on floods, submergence but still it was helpful in comparing

secondary information.

Following section describes the nature, type and characteristics of the physical, biological,

cultural and socioeconomic components along the project roads.

4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION

The study region has been divided into:

Corridor of Direct Impact: This includes the area adjacent to the existing road, roughly 60m on

either side of the existing centerline. Minor alignment changes, widening, curve improvements,

etc. is expected to directly affect the land and assets located in this region.

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Corridor of Indirect Impact: This includes the region within 15km offset of the road centerline

on either side.

4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

FEATURES

The data on the various environmental and social components relevant to decisions about

project location, design and operation have been assembled from:

Primary Survey of the corridor, and

Secondary information collected from various organizations, institutes, publications, etc.

4.3.1 Primary Data Collection

The primary data collection along the project corridor has been carried out with respect to the

following features:

Environmental Features: Environmental features that may be directly impacted are trees along

the roadside, water bodies like ponds, wells and water crossings, agriculture lands, plantations,

forest stretch etc. Apart from these, environmentally sensitive locations like educational

institutions; hospitals etc have also been recorded.

Social Features: Social features that may be affected include loss of land and structures within

the proposed RoW. The type of structures i.e. residential, commercial, mixed uses (residential

cum commercial), public, educational institutions and health facilities have been recorded. The

structures have been further classified as kutcha, semi-pucca and pucca. To ascertain the impact

on land and structures, the RoW limits are being verified on the field.

Cultural Component: The cultural properties along the project corridor including shrines,

temples, mosques, churches and graveyards have been listed.

4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection

Secondary data collection has been collected primarily on regional environmental and social

features from various Government Agencies/Institutions and through literature reviews. Such

information includes:

Hydrogeological Atlas of Gujarat, Central Ground Water Board,

Socio-economic profile of the influence area along the project corridor: The database for analysis

has been taken from Census of India (1991 & 2001) and other secondary sources.

4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The physical environment consists of environmental attributes such as meteorology,

physiography, geology, soil quality, land use, water resources, air quality and noise levels. Each

attribute has been detailed subject to the available data constraints. Environmental Baseline

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characteristics of the project area have been described for the region comprising of a 15 km

offset on either side of the road centerline for the project corridor.

4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology

The climate of both the districts is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in the non-rainy

seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March

to May. The south-west monsoon season is from June to September and is followed by the post

monsoon season from October to November.

Temperature: The mean maximum temperature in the region reaches 41C in the warmer

months from March to June. During the winter season, in December-January, the minimum

temperature dips to 12.2C and the maximum temperature remains around 29C. The lowest

average monthly minimum temperature is around 21C. The average monthly maximum and

minimum temperature of the project region as recorded during the period 2009 by the Indian

Meteorological Department (IMD) is presented in Table 4.1 below.

Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region

Months Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Bhavnagar

Mean Minimum

12.2 16.9 18.8 22.9 25.9 27 25.6 24.5 24.2 21.7 19.2 14.1

Mean Maximum

28.9 32.1 35.6 41.1 41.2 38.1 33.3 31.6 33.2 35.8 34.4 29.7

Amreli

Mean Minimum

12.3 16.2 18.2 22.7 25.9 27.1 24.8 25.4 24.8 22.3 18.2 15.2

Mean Maximum

29.3 32 35.5 38.6 36.6 37.6 34.6 32.4 34.2 34.9 33.4 27.4

Junagarh

Mean Minimum

16.2 18.9 20.4 24 27 27.7 27.7 25.7 25.9 23.1 21.1 18

Mean Maximum

30 30.1 32.9 33.5 32.3 33.3 31.6 29.9 31.3 34.2 33.4 30.7

Porbander

Mean Minimum

13.2 15.4 17.3 23.5 26.5 - - - - - - -

Mean Maximum

30.1 32.1 34.5 38.5 37.4 - - - - - - -

Jamnagar

Mean Minimum

14.2 18.4 21.2 26 26.6 28.1 26.8 24.8 26.4 24.2 20.1 17.6

Mean Maximum

29 29.8 31.4 34.5 31.4 32.1 30.9 30.2 31.8 34.3 34.2 29.5

Based on IMD Observation from 2009

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Humidity: The maximum humidity is observed to be 92.00 percent (Amreli) during the month of

August. The minimum humidity is recorded at Jamnagar (26 percent) during the month of

January. The monthly variation of humidity in the project region is presented in Table 4.2 below.

Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %)

Months Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Bhavnagar

8.30 56 75 67 76 79 82 87 87 78 68 63 57

17.30 54 68 62 71 81 86 81 85 81 65 59 62

Amreli

8.30 54 73 60 73 82 84 88 92 86 65 67 58

17.30 51 64 67 72 74 80 85 88 80 65 68 54

Junagarh

8.30 55 76 67 74 78 79 85 83 79 82 79 82

Porbander

8.30 54 72 65 75 79 - - - - - - -

17.30 52 69 61 66 85 - - - - - - -

Jamnagar

8.30 55 79 62 76 76 80 88 91 89 72 74 66

17.30 26 36 22 19 32 56 69 76 65 35 36 36 Based on IMD Observation from 2009

Rainfall: Maximum rainfall occurs under the influence of the South West monsoons (June-

September). The annual rainfall is around 1097mm.

Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)]

Station Months

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Bhavanagar 0 0 0 0 0 262.3 124.2 101.2 96 1.4 - -

Amreli 0 0.5 0 0 0 211.3 142.2 109.2 255.8 0 0 0

Junagarh 0 1.3 0 0 0 185.3 132.6 121.3 194.3 0 0.6 0

Porbander 0 0 1 0.2 0 184.2 156.2 141.2 185.2 1.2 0 0

Jamnagar 0 1 0 0.1 0 195.4 176.3 221.3 156.2 0 29.2 0


Wind Speed: The most predominant wind speed in the region is 1-19 Kmph. Wind speed above

62 kmph is not found to occur, those in the range of 20-61 kmph is also rare for Keshod. Calm (0

kmph) conditions also prevail in Veraval.

Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph)

Station Months

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Veraval 12.16 13.49 15.15 14.5 15.2 20.3 25.15 19.64 10.8 11.68 9.9 13.795


4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain

The project region is located in Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh, Porbandar and Jamnagar districts

in Gujarat. Bhavnagar district is situated in the south-east corner of the peninsular region of

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Gujarat known as ''Kathiawar of Saurashtra''. It lies between the parallels of latitude 200.59' and

220.16' and the meridians of longitude 710.23' and 720.18'. The length from north to south of this

territory is about 151.7 kms and from east to west about 108.6 kms. Bhavnagar district forms a

part of Kathiawar Peninsula and is subdivided into four submicro regions, namely, Bhavnagar

Coastal Plain, Palitana-Savarkundal Upland, Songadh Forested Plain and Keri, Kalubhar and

Ghelo Plain on the basis of topography, climate, geology, soils and natural vegetation. It is

bounded in the north by Surendranagar and Ahmadabad districts and in the west by Rajkot and

Amreli districts and in the south by the east by the Gulf of Kambhat. The area covered by the

district is 9,981 Sq. kms.Areawise rank of this district is 6th among the districts of the state.

Amreli is located near the Gulf of Khambhat in the Arabian Sea, in the western part of Gujarat. It

lies between the parallels of latitude 70.30º and 71.75º and the meridians of longitude 20.45º to

22.25º. The district has 11 talukas, of which the major ones are Amreli, Babra, Bagasara,

Jafrabad, Rajula, Savarkundla and Vadi

Junagadh district is situated at Saurashtra region and form part of the Kathiawar peninsula. It lies

between the parallels of latitude 20°41’ and 21°41’ and the meridians of longitude 69°56’ and

71°13’. It is sub divided into four sub-micro regions namely, Junagadh coastal plain, Bhadar, Ojat

and Harna river plain, Girnar hills and Junagadh Gir forested Region. The elevation of the region

falling in Mangrol, Manavadar, Keshod, Malia and Patan-Veraval talukas varies between 5

metres and 52 metres above the M.S.L in the Junagadh Coastal Plain. Some parts of Mangrol,

Manavadar, Keshod, Malia, Patan-Veraval, Vanthali, Junagadh talukas falls in the Bhadar, Ojat

and Harna River Plain which elevates between 45 metres and 241 metres above M.S.L.

Porbandar forms a part of the erstwhile Kathiawar peninsula located in the western part of

Gujarat. It lies between the parallels of latitude 69.550 and 70.25and the meridians of longitude

21.15 to 21.5. The district comprises of 3 talukas viz. Porbandar, Ranawav, and Kutiyana It is

famous for the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of the Nation.

Jamnagar is located in Saurashtra region of western Gujarat. It lies between the parallels of

latitude 68°57’ and 70°37’ and the meridians of longitude 21°42’ and 22°57’. The district has 10

talukas, of which the major ones are Jamnagar (District Headquarter), Jodiya, Okha, and

Khambhaliya. The district is famous for its brass products, (bandhani) tie-dyed fabric, and

handicrafts

The proposed alignment traverses through fertile plain terrain along its entire length.

Soil

Salty land which is mainly the type of land in Morbi and Maliya and Black, loamy soil which is

mainly present in Bhavanagar, Amreli and Dwaraka, districts. The soils of the project region that

falls in Junagadh district are formed partly from sedimentary rocks and partly from igneous rocks.

They are calcareous in nature, rich in potassium content but deficient in nitrogen and humus. The

main types of soils in the district are black, medium black, alluvial soil in the low-lying area,

calcareous and brackish.. Most of the villages in Junagadh have medium black soil. The alluvial

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soil in the low-lying area, known as ‘Ghed’, comprises parts of Keshod, Mangrol and remains

inundated during monsoon. The brackish soils are mostly found near the coastal belt of Mangrol,

Malia and Veraval talukas and represent the degeneration of coastal alluvial soil due to ingress

of sea water.

Land Use

The geographical area in the five districts can be divided into two major classes: arable land: that

includes net sown area, fallow land and non-arable land: that includes forest, area not available

for cultivation and other uncultivable land excluding current fallow. The proposed alignment runs

through five districts, major portion being through Junagarh. The alignment mainly runs through

agriculture land; water bodies in the form of ponds, rivers and canals also fall within the proposed

Right of Way (ROW). At places, the alignment also runs through a few settlements and

structures.

The land use on either side of the cross roads is mostly agricultural, only at certain locations

structures are being affected. The locations where comparatively more number of structures are

present along the alignment are – Talaja, Veraval, Somnath and Porbandar.

The total landuse of the project corridor within the RoW is broadly classified and presented in

Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW

S. No. Land Use % To Total

1 Agriculture 51

2 Commercial 9.6

3 Residential 7.4

4 Mixed 32

Total 100

Air Quality

Ambient air quality in a region is characterized by concentrations of various pollutants in the

atmosphere. The presence of air pollutants and their concentrations depends on the type of

polluting sources, and other factors that influence their flow and dispersion. In most cases

vehicular emissions are the predominant source of air pollution. Existing ambient air quality data

on various sections of the project corridors was collected to establish a baseline database. The

aim was to identify areas that already have high pollution levels or are expected to experience

so, on account of the road project, and to design adequate mitigation measures, as applicable.

The activities, which generate modify atmospheric air quality, are transportation (i.e, motor

vehicle emissions, which are addressed in this study); industry; domestic and construction. The

principal sources of air pollution due to road projects are hot mix plants and machineries used

during construction phase and the vehicles that ply over it during the operation phase. The

parameter of significance to roadside air quality, on account of vehicular emissions, are

suspended particulate matter (SPM), Respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur dioxide

(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon-monoxide (C).

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Dispersal of pollutants depends upon factors like prevailing wind direction and other weather

conditions, height of the source, and characteristics of roadside plantation along the project

corridor.

The air polluting sources in the project region primarily consist of industries and the vehicles

plying on the roads. A total of 15 ambient air monitoring stations were identified based on the

different existing land use pattern to study the ambient air quality along the project corridor and

are indicated in fig 4.1. The ambient air quality in the corridor was found to be in compliance with

the ambient air quality norms stipulated by CPCB/GPCB. The results of ambient air quality

monitoring are indicated in table – 4.6.

Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results

Station Monitoring Location

Chainage (km)

Area Category

Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3)

24 hourly mean values

RSPM TSPM SO2 NO2 HC CO

AQ1 Junction 8.900

Residential, Rural & other

Areas

179.45 345.69 12.85 21.06 Nil 654

AQ2 School 52.300 164.59 290.45 13.06 22.25 Nil 598

AQ3 School 92.375 149.56 282.5 12.56 19.45 Nil 1452

AQ4 School 116.900


Areas

150.55 234.55 10.09 14.42 Nil 1236

AQ5 School 148.600 160.89 389.29 11.56 26.54 Nil 1090

AQ6 Industry 184.270 178.45 384.88 15.46 21.45 Nil 1450

AQ7 School 188.450


Areas

165.75 290.56 14.45 20.52 Nil 1260

AQ8 School 211.900 167.48 301.15 12.5 15.12 Nil 1350

AQ9 School 237.200 170.84 315.64 12.56 17.56 Nil 1058

AQ10 Junction 262.800


Areas

145.89 298.54 14.5 16.87 Nil 1265

AQ11 School 288.700 147.26 294.52 13.56 17.45 Nil 1165

AQ12 School 322.100 170.84 269.89 15.45 14.6 Nil 1452

AQ13 Industry 366.000


Areas

139.11 350.45 10.56 14.56 Nil 1235

AQ14 Junction 443.500 147.26 309.12 13.56 15.46 Nil 658

AQ15 Junction 473.000 156.12 312.54 10.12 12.09 Nil 985

NAAQ Norms* (8/24 Hourly Mean) 100 200 80 80 2000

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Monitoring Results

The TSPM range is 234.55 µg/Nm3 to 389.29 µg/Nm3. The total particulate concentration at

50% of location is less than 288 µg/Nm3. The higher concentrations of TSPM are attributed to

anthropogenic activities, major settlements, unpaved road conditions, minor industrial areas,

dryness, semi-arid conditions and loose dust particles along the project corridors.

In most of the samples, RSPM is 50% higher than the prescribed standard. All gaseous

pollutants like SO2, NO2, HC and CO are well within the prescribed limits of statutory bodies.

Noise Quality

To assess background noise levels in the study area, ambient noise monitoring is conducted. A

total of fifteen (15) locations were identified along the project road, based on different categories

of area and are indicated in fig 4.2.

Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) are measured by a portable sound level

meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB(A). From the SPL values,

equivalent continuous sound pressure level values (Leq) are calculated. Noise measurement is

conducted as per IS: 4954 as adopted by CPCB.

Ambient noise level monitoring has been carried out during Febraury 2011. At each location

monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of twenty- four hours to obtain Leq values

at uniform time intervals of 1 hour. From the hourly Leq values, day and night Leq values are

calculated to compare with the national ambient noise standards. Description of the noise

monitoring stations and the Leq values at each station are given in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results

Station Chainage Type Category

Noise Levels, dB(A)

Overall Day Time Night Time

(06:00-22:00 hrs.) (22:00-06:00 hrs.)

Leqmin. Leqmax. Leqmin. Leqmax. Leqmin. Leqmax.

NL1 8.900 Junction Commercial 37.1 62.56 34.0 58.6 34.0 62.56

NL2 52.300 School Commercial 40.5 65.33 33.4 57.6 33.4 65.33




NL6 184.270 Industry Commercial 39.1 61.87 30.4 61.3 30.4 61.87







NL13 366.000 Industry Commercial 37.2 64.46 34.9 58.5 34.9 64.46



Leq Norms for Residential Areas - 55 - 45 - -

Leq Norms for Commercial Areas - 65 - 55 - -

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Overall the Leq noise level range is 30.4 to 68.56 dB(A). During daytime, the noise level ranges

from 34-68.56 dB(A). During the night time, the Leq range is 30.4 to 61.9 dB(A). The higher noise

levels have been observed in commercial areas.

Water Resources

Surface Water: The project region Passes through five Districts i.e, Bhavnagar, Amerli,

Jungadh, Poranbandar and Dwarka. The rivers that cross the project road are indicated in fig 4.3.

All the rivers are non perennial, rainfed and are tributaries of the Arabian Sea which is the main

Coastline of the project area. The rivers are used for washing, cleaning and cultivation. The list

of rivers crossing the project highway is indicated in table 4.8.

Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch

Station Existing km Name of the source

WQ1 49.565 Shetranji River

WQ2 86.655 Bhadrodi River

WQ3 88.937 Butiyo River

WQ4 94.380 Malan River

WQ5 134.593 Datakdi River

WQ6 183.179 Machchundari River

WQ7 223.215 Shingoda River

WQ8 262.122 Hiranya River

WQ9 339.223 Bhadar River

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There are a number of ponds along the project road. Their locations have been indicated in table

4.9.

Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment

Existing Km Side Existing Km Side

16.600 LHS 330.000 RHS

30.200 LHS 330.900 - 331.500 LHS

30.130 RHS 331.350 RHS

32.600 RHS 332.000 RHS

35.500 LHS 332.200 LHS

62.200 LHS 350.700 RHS

67.000 RHS 350.700 LHS

68.700 RHS 370.000 LHS

122.700 LHS 380.240 LHS

158.500 LHS 381.000 - 382.600 LHS & RHS

194.420 LHS 386.300 RHS

201.200 RHS 386.400 RHS

208.700 RHS 393.650 LHS

216.860 RHS 397.580 RHS

225.750 RHS 403.950 RHS

264.700 LHS 410.200 LHS

277.570 RHS 410.700 RHS

281.400 LHS 410.700 LHS

281.400 RHS 411.400 LHS

295.800 LHS 417.200 RHS

310.400 RHS 417.200 - 417.800 LHS

310.500 RHS 468.500 LHS & RHS

316.750 LHS

Ground Water: This categorization is attributed to the level of extraction of ground water against

increased domestic, industrial and irrigation requirements. The extraction is higher in the region

of Saurashtra.

The districts were categorised as Gray zone and the availability of the ground water along the

corridor varied between from 5 to 20 m below ground level (bgl) during pre-monsoon (May 2002),

while during post monsoon (November 2002) it has varied from less than 5 to 10 m bgl (Table

4.10). It is considerably depending on aquifer geology, geomorphology and rainfall. South-West

monsoon is the main source of ground water recharge for the entire area of the corridor. Ground

water is also a source of irrigation in the area. Drinking water is available through borewell.

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Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor

S.No. District

Depth to Water level (mbgl)

Pre Monsoon (May 2002)

Post Monsoon (November 2002)

1 Bhavnagar Greater than 20 m Greater than 20 m

2 Amerli 10 – 20 m 5 – 10 m

3 Junagadh 10 – 20 m 5 – 10 m

4 Poranbandar 5 – 20 m 5 – 10 m

5 Jamnagar 5 – 20 m 5 – 10 m

Source: Central Ground Water Board

Sl. No. Description /

Location Km

15.115 Km

90.865 Km

174.900 Km

248.150 Km

340.150 Km

467.100

1 pH 7.7 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

2 DO 4 6 5 3 2 4

3 BOD 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.9

4 COD 4 3 2 2 4 3

5 Chloride 208 293 280 217 229 262

6 Alkalinity 360 422 265 315 356 383

7 Total Coliform Count MPN/100 ml.

Absent

8 Total hardness 151 172 125 133 147 165

The ground water sources had agreeable colour, taste and odour. The pH value ranged between

7.5 to 7.9, generally above the neutral mark and within the permissible limits for dirinking water.

Chloride values ranged from 208 mg/l to 293 mg/l thus, within ther permissible limits. BOD is also

absent. There is no significant bacteriological contamination of these sources. Total alkalinity is

found to be within permissible limits. Total hardness ranged between 125 – 172 mg/l. Heavy

metals like iron, zinc, arsenic mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and selenium are absent.

In general, the ground water quality in the project corridor is found to be in compliance with

IS:10500 Standard for Drinking Water.

Surface Water Quality: The water quality of Setranji, Bhadrodi, Butiyo and Datakdi rivers were

taken for monitoring the surface water quality. Borewells are the major source of water for

drinking and other domestic purposes in villages and towns.

The results of the water quality tests are given in Table 4.11.

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Table 4.11: Water Quality Results

Sl. No.

Parameter

RIVER

IS:10500 - 2001 WQ1

Setranji WQ2

Bhadrodi WQ3

Butiyo WQ4 Malan

WQ5 Datakdi

WQ6 Machchundari

WQ7 Shingoda

WQ8 Hiranya

WQ9 Bhadar

1 Colour Clear Colour Less -

2 Odour Odour Less -

3 Turbidity (NTU) 3 2 4 3 1 4 1 2 4 -

4 pH (Unit) 7.7 7.36 7.72 7.41 7.81 7.69 7.7 7.49 7.54 6.5-8.5

5 Temperature

(Deg. C) 28 31 33 29 32 30 31 29 31 -

6 Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/l) 600 158 510 550 490 502 496 533 510 500

7 Ether Soluble (Oil & Greece)

8 3 5 6 4 7 6 9 8 -

8 Total Hardness

as CaCO3 (mg/l) 179 132 182 146 196 169 175 151 157 300

9 Chloride (mg/l) 131 210 180 173 165 202 217 184 192 250

10 Sulphate (mg/l) 78 65 58 52 60 55 69 49 65 200

11 Phosphate (mg/l) 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 -

12

Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (3 Days at 27 C)

(mg/l)

5 8 3 16 7 5 8 11 13 -

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Sl. No.

Parameter

RIVER

IS:10500 - 2001 WQ1

Setranji WQ2

Bhadrodi WQ3

Butiyo WQ4 Malan

WQ5 Datakdi

WQ6 Machchundari

WQ7 Shingoda

WQ8 Hiranya

WQ9 Bhadar

13 Lead (mg/l) NIL -

14 Arsenic (mg/l) NIL -

15 Iron (mg/l) NIL 0.3

16 Total Coliform (MPN/100 ml)

48 32 35 69 38 44 66 48 37 500

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The pH value ranged between 7.36-7.81. TDS content ranged between 158-600 mg/l while

Chloride values ranged from 131 to 210 mg/l respectively, well below the tolerance limits. Iron

content is found to be nil. There is no significant presence of trace metals in the surface waters.

There is no faecal contamination as the Oil and grease, toxic constituents like phenolic

compounds and cyanides are found to be absent.

While comparing with the CPCB Norms for Surface Waters, all parameters are found to be within

the standard limits.

Ecology

Forests

The forest areas of Gujarat are unevenly distributed. The major concentration of forests is found

all along the eastern border of the state and the hilly portion of Saurashtra. Reserve forest for

conservation of Neelgai has been identified on either side of the project stretch in Bhavnagar

district. The forests are found mainly in the district Junagadh. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

thrive in the region having the rainfall between 600 mm to 1200 mm. These forests are found in

the central part of the state in parts of Saurashtra in the districts of Junagadh. Northern Tropical

Thorn Forests occur in the region with less than 600 mm rainfall. These forests are found in

Rajkot and Junagadh districts. These forests contain spare and stunted growth of species like

Acacia and thorn bushes etc. Littoral and Swamp Forest, Mangrove forest are found in the

coastal creeks in the districts of Junagadh. The main species found in these forests is Avicenia

sp. Out of 207 subtypes of forests, recorded by Champion and Seth, 31 subtypes, (14.7%) have

been identified in the state.

Sensitive Ecological Habitats/ Ecosystems

No sensitive ecological habitats or ecosystems are identified within the direct influence area of

the project corridor. The details are discussed below.

Flora: Teak, dudhlo, khair, ber, desi baval, dhav, hermo, sadad, timru, ashitro, saledi, modad,

khakhro etc.

Fauna: The Gir forests support a rich biodiversity comprising 32 species of mammals, 300

species of birds and 26 species of reptiles and thousands of species of insects.

Flora and Fauna in the Study Area

Flora: The flora in the project area comprises of roadside trees, fruit trees in certain villages

besides the vegetables and crops grown in the agriculture lands.

Roadside Plantation: The common tree species found along the roadside are given in Table

4.12. Fruit trees are observed in certain locations along the corridor: Guava, mango, coconut,

Sofeda and banana garden.

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Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species

Sl No Common Names Scientific Names

1. Amla Emblica officinalis

2. Arduso Ailanthus excelsa

3. Bor Zizyphus glabrata

4. Desibaval Acacia nilotica

5. Gando baval Prosopis juliflora

6. Gundo Cordia dichotoma

8. Jambu Syzygium cumini

9. Karanj Derris indica

10. Khair Acacia chundra

11. Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris

12. Khijdo Prosopis cineraria

13. Limdo Azaditachta indica

14. Mitosaragavo Moringa oleifera

15. Piplo Ficus religiosa

16 Rayan Manilkara hexandra

17. Sag Tectona grandis

18. Sisam Dalbergia latifolia

19. Vad Ficus benghalensis

Fauna: Local Fauna in the project area includes reptiles like crocodile, tortoise, gecko, garden

lizard owing to the large number of water bodies and fruit gardens in the area. Common animals

like dogs, cats and cattle are also present.

Institutional Facility

These include schools, colleges and hospitals along the project road. There are 55 institutions

along the project road. There are primary schools upper primary high school and higher

secondary schools. In most of the educational institutes, the boundary wall is located close to the

existing road but the building is quite far from the road with a playground in front of the school

building. They have been enlisted below.

Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road

Sr.No Existing Km Side

1 9.460 Left

2 21.900 Left

3 30.085 Right

4 36.700 Left

5 39.570 Right

6 44.650 Right

7 52.300 Left

8 61.500 Left

9 86.776 Right

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10 91.150 Left

11 92.375 Right

12 97.700 Right

13 98.630 Right

14 98.700 Left

15 99.600 Right

16 107.400 Left

17 116.900 Left

18 118.000 Left

19 148.600 Left

20 158.600 Right

21 160.500 Left

22 182.750 Right

23 174.950 Right

24 177.600 Left

25 182.800 Left

26 188.450 Right

27 192.850 Right

28 196.600 Right

29 201.500 Left

30 206.050 Left

31 211.900 Left

32 232.400 Left

33 237.200 Left

34 251.300 Left

35 256.400 Left

36 268.360 Right

37 274.400 Left

38 278.300 Right

39 278.850 Left

40 288.250 Right

41 288.700 Left

42 288.900 Left

43 295.200 Right

44 310.000 Right

45 322.100 Right

46 332.300 Right

47 344.000 Left

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48 367.800 Right

49 369.400 Right

50 379.800 Left

51 385.500 Left

52 397.400 Right

53 404.250 Left

54 405.250 Right

55 427.200 Left

Coastal Regulation Zone

The project corridor falls under CRZ –III as per Coastal Zone Regulation Notification, January,

2011 issued by MoEF, GOI. As per CRZ Notification, 2011, CRZ III includes areas that are

relatively undisturbed and those which do not belong to either Category-I or II. These will include

coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within Municipal

limits or in other legally designated urban areas which are not substantially built up. As per the

guidelines of Gujarat Coastal Zone Management Authority for obtaining CRZ clearance, a map

clearly demarcating HTL and LTL along with other proposed activities, landuse within 5 km

radius, latitude and longitude has been prepared by an external agency authorized by MOEF and

has been submitted with the State Department, Gandhinagar.

4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 Social Environment

The project corridor passes through five Districts namely Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh,

Porbandar and Jamnagar. 119 villages and 11 urban areas would be directly impacted, 37 in

Bhavanagar, 18 in Amreli, 27 in Junagadh, 29 in Porbandar and remaining in Jamnagar District.

Details of each of the districts are presented in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor

S. No District Urban Villages

1 Bhavanagar 4 37

2 Amreli 2 18

3 Junagarh 5 27

4 Porbandar 2 29

5 Jamnagar 1 12

Total 14 119

Therefore, in order to understand the socio-economic profile of the influence area of the project

corridor, a micro-level analysis is essential. The aerial unit for analysis of the socio-economic

profile of the influence area of the project corridor includes all traversed villages, urban and forest

areas. Though the corridor passes through five administrative districts, for better appreciation, all

socio-economic characteristics have been analyzed.

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4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

The socio-economic profile along the project corridor takes into account the socio as well as the

economic aspects:

Population Distribution;

Density of Population;

Gender Ratio;

Share of Vulnerable Groups and

Literacy Rate

Workforce Participation Ratio and

Sector-wise Distribution of Workers

4.6.1 Population Distribution

The project influence area comprises of five districts namely, Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagadh,

Porbandar and Jamnagar. The growth rate of population in the project influence area is 3.17 %

which is higher than the average growth rate of population in the state (2.06%). The highest

population growth rate is 4.66% recorded in Veraval taluka of Junagadh district followed by

4.46% in Junagadh taluka. In rest of the talukas, growth ranges between 1% to 2%. Jetpur taluka

of Rajkot district has registered the lowest growth rate of 0.77%. Talukawise demographic

characteristics in project influence area are presented in Table 4.15.

Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011

District Population

AAGR (01-11) 2001 2011

Bhavanagar 2469630 2877961 0.87

Amreli 1,393,295 1513614 0.92

Junagarh 2448173 2742291 0.89

Porbander 536,854 586062 0.92

Jamnagar 1,913,685 2159130 0.89

Project Influence Area 8,761,637 9,879,058 0.89

Gujarat State 50671017 60383628 0.84 Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2011 and 2001; Note: Figures are rounded of to first decimal place

4.6.2 Population Density

The project influence area has population density of about 135 to 277 persons per sq.km in 2001

and 153 to 310 persons per sq.km in 2011. In 2011, the population density for Gujarat State is

382 persons per sq.km and 325 persons per sq.km in 2001 amongst all the districts (Table 4.16).

Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011

District Population Density(Persons/Sq km)

2001 2011

Bhavanagar 247 288

Amreli 188 205

Junagarh 277 310

Porbander 234 255

Jamnagar 135 153

Gujarat state 325 382 Source: Census of India, 2011

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4.6.3 Sex Ratio

As per the Census estimates (2011) number of Sex ratio (females/1000 male) of project

influence area is about 931 to 964 The Sex ratio for the state of Gujarat is 940. All the districts

have shown a decrease in sex ratio from 2001-2011 (Refer Table 4.17).Amongst all the districts,

Porbandar district registered the highest sex ratio with an increase from 946 in 2001 to 947 in

2011. A decline in sex ratio is observed in four districts of project influence area during 2001-

2011 in accordance with the decline observed at state level.

Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011

District

Sex Ratio (Number of Females per 1000 Males)

2001 2011

Bhavanagar 937 931

Amreli 987 964

Junagarh 955 952

Porbander 946 947

Jamnagar 941 938

Gujarat state 933 940

Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2011 Note: Figures are rounded of to first decimal place

4.6.4 Vulnerable Population

The percentage distribution of scheduled caste is higher than scheduled tribes in project

influence area. Bhavnagar, Amreli, Junagarh and Jamnagar district has a higher percentage of

SC population (percentage of SC population to total population in the state). Details indicated in

Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001

District Population 2001 % to Total Population

SC ST SC ST

Bhavanagar 142198 7298 3.96 0.10

Amreli 115490 3256 3.21 0.04

Junagarh 235624 18832 6.56 0.25

Porbander 48233 6456 1.34 0.09

Jamnagar 154819 10459 4.31 0.14

Gujarat state 3592715 7481160 7.09 14.76 Source: Population Totals of Gujarat, Census of India, 2001 and 1991;

4.6.5 Literacy Rate

As per the Census estimates (2001), 69 percent of the population are literate in the State, where

as the average literate rate is lower (67 percent) in the project influence area. Within the project

influence area, Junagadh district has the highest literacy rate (76.88 percent) followed by

Porbandar (75.63 percent) and Amreli (74.5 percent). The lowest literacy rate was observed in

Bhavnagar (69.84 percent). Details indicated in Table 4.19.

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Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011

District Literates Literacy Rate (%)

2001 2011 2001 2011

Bhavanagar 1395205 1927573 66.98 69.84

Amreli 8141151 1001768 67.22 74.50

Junagarh 1432422 1876761 68.35 76.88

Porbander 320053 400196 69.09 75.63

Jamnagar 1048894 1417294 67.19 74.4

Gujarat State 29827750 41948677 69.97 79.31 Source: Census of India, 2011

4.6.6 Workforce Participation

As per the Census estimates (2001), Amreli district has 33.72 percent of main workers among

males and 15.04 percent among females. The details are indicated in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001

S.No District

Main Workers Marginal Workers Total Workers Non- Workers

Persons Among

Females Persons

Among Females

Persons Among

Females Persons

Among Females

1 Bhavnagar 31.63 11.18 6.62 10.87 38.25 22.05 61.75 77.95

2 Amreli 33.72 15.04 9.38 15.98 43.1 31.02 56.9 68.98

3 Junagadh 32.09 11.86 8.79 14.67 40.88 26.52 59.12 73.48

4 Porbandar 32.34 11.1 7.74 12.32 40.07 23.42 59.93 76.58

5 Jamnagar 32.77 12.25 5.79 9.18 38.56 21.43 61.44 78.57

Source: Director of census operations, Gujarat state.

4.6.7 Right of Way

The extent of Public Land adjacent to the project Corridor was collected from the Department of

Land Revenue. Knowledge of extent of land was required to restrict development within the

public land and thereby reducing private land acquisition. District and Block wise land use is

presented in the Table 4.21 below.

Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor

District Geographical

Area Reporting

Area Forest

Area Under Non-

Agriculture Use

Barren & Unculturable

Land

Permanent Pasture &

Other Grazing

Land

Amreli 6760 6720 339 385 225 471

Bhavanager 11155 9789 315 724 1017 709

Jamnagar 14125 10152 425 640 1562 774

Junagadh 10607 10561 1976 525 310 1115

Porbandar 11203 11042 359 698 1025 868

Gujarat State

196117 188118 18648 11414 26038 8491

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Culturable Wasteland

Other Fallow

Current Fallow

Net Area Sown

Area Sown More Then

Once

Total Cropped

Area

96 22 201 4981 234 5215

307 12 417 6288 206 6494

331 15 655 5750 181 5931

120 0 592 5923 550 6473

130 2 678 7282 323 7605

19818 131 9109 94989 12028 107017 Source: Census of India, 1991

4.6.8 Cultural Environment

Baseline Information on Cultural Environment is presented for the project corridor. This includes

heritage structures as well as those having local and regional significance.

4.6.8.1 Protected Sites & Monuments

There are three significant protected sites or monuments in the immediate vicinity of the project

corridor. Within the 10 km offset of the corridor the following monuments are of State level

significance.

Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts

District Taluka Places of Interest /

Religious Importance Distance (in KM)

Bhavnagar Talaja Jain Temple 1.00

Junagadh Veraval Somnath Temple 1.00

Jamnagar Dwarka Krishna Temple 2.00

4.6.8.2 Cultural Properties of Local /Regional Significance

There are about 123 religious structures that exist along the project road; most of them are

stiuated within 30m from the edge of the carriageway. The widening has been designed such

that most of these structures remain unaffected or least affected due to the proposed project.

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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

This chapter presents the various alternatives considered for minimizing the impacts on natural,

social and cultural environments, at the preliminary design stage.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of various alternatives considered to avoid or

minimize impacts that would be inevitable if technically (based on design speed and geometrics)

best fit alignment is followed. Cross sections adopted for the upgradation component as

presented in Chapter 1 are flexible in design to avoid most of the impacts within ROW. An

analysis of various alternatives is attempted to arrive at the technically and environmentally best-

fit alternative considering environmental and project attributes

There are large settlements as seen in the baseline environmental scenario along the corridors,

where there is constricted ROW and traffic is higher leading to congestion, delay as well as

various environmental impacts. Such locations are identified for bypassing the through traffic.

Several alternatives are analyzed for avoiding localized environmental impacts & arriving at the

best-fit alignment. Screening procedure for road links & alignments are presented in the following

sections.

The project corridor passes through several urban & semi urban areas, which have series of

developments with residential and commercial activities. There are few major urban sections

along the project corridor namely Bhavanagar, Mahuva, Una, Kodinar, Veraval, Chorvad,

Mangrol, Porbandar and Dwarka.

In the rest of the urban areas as mentioned above, continuous developments have come up on

both sides almost in the entire length. The clear land width available between building lines at

these urban settlements is much less than the minimum land required to accommodate 6/4 lanes

plus service roads to segregate local traffic. Widening the project corridor through these urban

settlements not only cause traffic safety hazards, congestion, delay, but also pose severe

environmental and social concerns of resettlement and rehabilitation.

Thus the existing alignment of project corridor through these urban settlements experience

insufficient land width, traffic congestion, high VOC and low Level of Service (Los) for through

traffic, high potential for environmental degradation because of increase in noise and pollution

levels due to frequent breaking and acceleration of traffic. Above all there will be severe threat to

safety of pedestrians and road users. Hence, these urban areas qualify as potential candidates

for bypasses and realignments. The bypasses to these settlements will not only provide a better

level of service and economic benefits by way of reduced VOC's to through traffic, but will also

improve the level of service and safety of local traffic on existing road and improve environmental

conditions within the urban settlements.

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The project corridor does not suffer from much of the commercial activity and local traffic at

remaining minor settlements. The proposed improvements can be taken through all of the

remaining minor settlements without any major concern.

Elaborate description of bypasses and re-alignments is presented in subsequent sections of this

chapter.

5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO

The with and without project scenarios are analysed with respect to the development of the state

by the backdrop of requirement of reliable quality infrastructure of sustained growth economy and

consequent well being of its citizens.

Providing better connectivity will ensure that goods and people from areas covered by the road

can move in and out of the areas quicker and save time. Inceased trade and commerce activity

are expected. Accounting just for the savings in the Vehicle Operation costs makes the project

viable. The project roads have been designed to connect the important settlements with shorter

& better road network. It provides greater impetus to religious and commercial establishments. It

has a very good tourism potential due to famous religious and tourist places. The industrial

activity will be getting a good boost due to this upgradation of the existing road to Gujarat

Government plan of developing industrial region. The industrial activity will give rise to

employment potential for people in and around the region. However, there would be an increase

in the vehicular pollution air and noise, in the vicinity of the road. Some agricultural land will have

to be diverted for road use to construct bypasses. In other settlements, some people will lose

there properties close to the road to accommodated the proposed widening.

If the project is not implemented, there is every likehood that the project rods will deteriorate

further. Only certain roads may be maintained regularly. There is every likehood of deterioration

of the existing pavements. Increased air pollution, due to slow moving traffic and congestion, will

follow. Noise levels will rise due to deterioration of the pavement as well as increased honking.

Without the bypass, the traffic would continue passing through the built-up areas and continue to

pose a safety risk for the residents in the already congested areas.

Therefore, the “with” project scenario, with its minor adverse impacts is more acceptable than the

“without” project scenario which would mean an aggravation of the existing problems. Potential

benefits of the proposed road improvements are substantial and far-reaching both in terms of the

geographical spread and time. Hence, it is clear that the implementation of the project will be a

definite advantage to project road in order to achieve all round development of its economy and

progress for its people.

5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION

Alignment selection was carried out on the basis of evaluation of various alternative alignments

for each bypass. The evaluation has been done both qualitatively and quantitatively for the

various factors influencing the selection process. These factors can be broadly grouped under

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main heads such as geometrics, cost, and social and environmental impacts. The qualitative

evaluation rates the alternative as less desirable, desirable, and most desirable against each

factor. The factors considered for qualitative comparison are:

Land availability

Effect on residential/commercial buildings

Ponds affected

Religious structures affected

Environmental Quality/ Ecology

Similarly quantitative evaluation was done for the following factors:

Route length

Length of agricultural land affected

Length of barren land affected

Number of road crossings

Pucca / Kutcha - commercial / residential structures affected

Telephone/Electric poles to be shifted

Total Cost

The following sections describe the bypasses/ realignments considered on the project road

5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES

5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B

5.4.1.1 Comparative Studies for Bypass near Adhewada (Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000)

Adhewada Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1

Start/End Ch. Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000 Km. 4.400 – Km. 7.000

Length along alignment 2.6 kms 2.62 kms

Encroachments Pucca – 85 Pucca – 5, Katcha – 3

Structures 1 Minor Bridge 1 Minor Bridge

Bypass alignment alternative – 1 has been proposed.

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Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass

5.4.1.2 Comparative Studies for Bypass near Budhel (Km. 8.500 – Km. 11.060)

Budhel Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1




Structures Flyover - 1 No. Flyover - 1 No.


Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option

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5.4.1.3 Comparative Study for Bypass near Kobadi (Km. 14.540 to Km. 17.300)

Kobadi Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1



Encroachments Pucca – 140 Pucca – 5

Structures ---- ----


Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass

5.4.1.4 Comparative Study for Bypass near Bhandaria (Km. 21.080 to Km. 23.000)

Bhandaria Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1






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Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option

5.4.1.5 Comparative Study for Bypass near Tansa (Km. 28.650 to Km. 31.150)

Tansa Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1






Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option

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5.4.1.6 Comparative Study for Bypass near Trapej (Km. 39.200 to Km. 41.050)

Trapej Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1




Structures VUP – 1 No VUP – 2 Nos


Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option

5.4.1.7 Comparative Study for Bypass near Una (Km. 180.400 to Km. 188.000)

Una

Option 1

Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt 1




Structures Major Bridge – 1 Major Bridge – 1

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Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option

5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP

5.4.2.1 Comparative Study for Bypass near Talaja (Km. 49.600 to Km. 53.500)

Talaja

Option 1 Option 2

Existing

Alignment Bypass_Alt 1

Existing


Start/End Ch. Km. 49.600 –

Km. 53.500

Km. 49.600 –

Km. 53.500

Km. 48.200 –

Km. 54.500

Km. 48.200 –

Km. 54.500

Length along

alignment 3.9 kms 4.18 kms 6.3 kms 6.8 kms

Encroachments

Pucca – 50

Katcha – 10

Pucca – 10

Katcha – 1

Pucca – 75

Katcha – 10

Pucca – 2

Katcha – 10

Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1No. ---- Major Bridge – 1 No.

Bypass alignment Alternative – 1 is recommended.

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Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options

5.4.2.2 Comparative Study for Bypass near Bhadrad (Km. 85.610 to Km. 89.000)

Bhadrad

Option 1 Option 2

Existing


Existing



Km. 89.000

Km. 85.610 –

Km. 89.000

Km. 85.500 –

Km. 89.200

Km. 85.500 – Km.

89.200

Length along


Encroachments Pucca – 80

Pucca – 2

Katcha – 2

Pucca – 80 ----

Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1No ---- Major Bridge – 1 No.


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Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options

5.4.2.3 Comparative Study for Bypass near Datardi (Km. 113.240 – Km. 115.450)

Datardi Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2


Km. 115.450

Km. 113.240 –

Km. 115.450

Km. 113.240 –

Km. 115.450

Length along

alignment 2.21 kms 2.21 kms 2.41 kms

Encroachments Pucca – 50 Pucca – 3,

Katcha – 2 Katcha – 3

Structures Major Bridge – 1 No Minor Bridge – 1 No Minor Bridge – 1 No


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Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options

5.4.2.4 Comparative Study for Bypass near Hemal (Km. 157.200 to Km. 159.850)

Hemal

Option 1 Option 2

Existing


Existing



Km. 159.850

Km. 157.200 –

Km. 159.850

Km. 157.300 –

Km. 159.900

Km. 157.300 –

Km. 159.900

Length along


Encroachments Pucca – 90 ---- Pucca – 90 ----

Structures ---- ---- ---- ----


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Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options

5.4.2.5 Comparative Study for Bypass near Samter (Km. 174.025 – Km. 176.400)

Samter Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2


Km. 176.400

Km. 174.025 –

Km. 176.400

Km. 173.900 –

Km. 176.300

Length along



Katcha – 2

Pucca –1

Katcha –2

Structures Major Bridge – 1 No Major Bridge – 1 No Major Bridge – 1 No


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Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options

5.4.2.6 Comparative Study for Bypass near Dholasa (Km. 204.950 to Km. 207.000)

Dholasa Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1




Structures ---- Minor Bridge – 1 No.


Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option

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5.4.2.7 Comparative Study for Bypass near Chorwad (Km. 268.600 to Km. 271.400)

Chorwad Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1





Cost Will be incorporated later


Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option

5.4.2.8 Comparative Study for Bypass near Prachi (Km. 240.080 to Km. 243.390)

Prachi Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2


Km. 243.390

Km. 240.080 –

Km. 243.390

Km. 240.080 –

Km. 243.390

Length along



Katcha – 5 Katcha –3

Structures Minor Bridge – 1 No

Minor Bridge – 1 No

PUP – 1 No


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Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options

5.4.2.9 Comparative Study for Bypass near Kukasawada (Km. 272.800 toKm. 276.550)

Kukasawada Existing Alignment Bypass Alt-1



Encroachments Pucca – 180 Katcha – 5



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Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option

5.4.2.10 Comparative Study for Bypass near Madhavpur (Km. 308.600 to Km. 312.650)

Bhadrad

Option 1 Option 2

Existing


Existing



Km. 312.200

Km. 310.200 –

Km. 312.200

Km. 308.600 –

Km. 312.650

Km. 308.600 –

Km. 312.650

Length along


Encroachments Pucca – 225

Pucca – 5,

Katcha – 5

Pucca – 250,

Katcha – 20

Pucca - 1

Structures ---- ---- ---- ----


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Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options

5.4.2.11 Comparative Study for Bypass near Porbandar (Km. 356.860 to Km. 376.300)

Porbandar Existing Alignment Bypass_Alt1 Bypass_Alt2


Km. 376.300

Km. 356.860 –

Km. 376.300

Km. 356.860 – Km.

376.300

Length along



Katcha – 40 Katcha – 35

Structures Major Bridge – 2 No

Flyover – 1 No

Major Bridge – 2 Nos


Flyover – 1 No

VUP – 1 No

Major Bridge – 3 Nos


Flyover – 1 No

VUP – 1 No


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Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options

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6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Community consultation has been taken up as an integral part of environmental assessment

process throughout the project preparation stage of this project.

Introduction

The public consultation is an important tool of information, dissemination and awareness creation

during the planning stage of the project. It provides valuable inputs regarding successful

implementation of the project besides ensuring public participation and involvement in the

process.

As per the requirements of the project, public consultations were conducted at strategic locations

in the month of April 2011. The purpose of conducting public consultations was to inform and

explain the features of the project including operational and safety requirements to local people

and to understand their concerns and perceptions with regard to adverse impact on their property

and assets, livelihood, social relations, access to various facilities and resources, etc. Before

conducting the public consultations, a reconnaissance survey of the project road was undertaken

to identify strategic locations for public consultations.

The project road as NH-8E starts from km 3.200 and ends at km 473.000 and as SH-25 starts at

km 231.000 and ends at km 261.100 and is approximately 500 kms. The project road is in the

state of Gujarat extending from Bhavnagar to Dwarka.

Public Consultation has been conducted in 11 villages on NH-8E from Bhavnagar to Dwarka in

the state of Gujarat between April 07, 2011 and April 13, 2011. The villages in which Public

consultation is conducted are indicated below:

Talaja

Bhadrod

Datardi

Hemal

Samter

Dolasa

Prachi

Chorwad

Kukaswada

Madhavpur

Porbandar

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Selection of Stakeholders

Various categories of stakeholders ranging from Project Affected Persons to government officials

to other opinion leaders were selected in order to discuss social and environmental impacts,

including the issue of resettlement and rehabilitation. The participants from several categories

were present during discussion and expressed their views

Elected representatives

PAPs

Government Official

Other stakeholders: businessmen, educationists, agriculturist, shopkeepers

Objective of Public Consultation Meetings

The purpose of the public consultation meetings was to promote public awareness and

understanding and purpose of the proposed project. The main objective of conducting meetings

was to disseminate information about the project and to notify stakeholders and provide

opportunities to participate in consultation and assessment process. The objectives of the public

consultation meetings were as follows

1) Disseminate the information about the proposed project to the general public

2) Create awareness about the project among the PAPs (Project Affected Persons)

3) Dispel the appearance of PAPs regarding the positive/adverse impact of the project.

4) Seek the suggestion of Gram Panchayat, PAPs and other stakeholders on the various

involved including those related to compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation, social

and environmental impacts.

5) To resolve the issues that has affect on common property.

Method of Information Dissemination

The team including social experts and meeting facilitator team had visited nearly all the affected

villages and requested primary and secondary Stakeholders to attend the meeting

Following were the methods used for notifying the meeting to the Participants

1. Face to face meetings were organized to disseminate the information.

2. Discussion at individual and group level

3. The stakeholders were also reminded to attend the meeting through personal phone calls

wherever possible.

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Public consultations were organized at a pre-fixed place and time. Keeping the public needs in

view, several consultations were conducted on the project road, details of which are as under:

Talaja

Public consultation has been conducted in Talaja on April 07, 2011. Two bypass alternatives

have been proposed for this town, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.

The public demands are as follows:

1. Alignment alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.

2. The alternative – 1 shall be modified so that the heavy structures shall not be required to

be demolished.

3. Alternative – 1 shall be suitably modified so that it shall pass behind the existing market

yard.

The photographs of Public Consultation are indicated below:

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Bhadrod

Public consultation has been conducted in Bhadrod village on April 08, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.


1. Bypass Alternative – 1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.

2. The bypass alternative shall be modified so that the alignment passes through

government land so as reduce the land acquisition.

3. Alternative – 1 passes through water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-drainage

structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water into the

sea.

4. Adequate facility shall be provided at the start and end of bypass for entry to village and

exit from village to highway.


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Datardi

Public consultation has been conducted in Datardi village on April 08, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.



2. The bypass alternative shall be modified so that the alignment passes through

government land available in LHS.

3. Alternative – 1 passes through water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-drainage

structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water into the

sea.




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Hemal

Public consultation has been conducted in Hemal village on April 09, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.


1. The alternative of widening of existing highway though the village has been agreed by the

villagers.

2. An underpass with slip road shall be provided in the village for separation of through

traffic.

3. Adequate safety facilities required such as signs, street-lighting and road markings shall

be provided.


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Samter

Public consultation has been conducted in Samter village on April 09, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS and Alternative-2 on LHS.


1. The villagers have agreed for a bypass of Samter village.

2. The alternatives proposed shall be studied in detail and final alternative proposal shall

have less land acquisition.




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Dolasa

Public consultation has been conducted in Dolasa village on April 10, 2011. One bypass

alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS.


1. The bypass alternative has been unanimously agreed by the villagers

2. Adequate facility on the bypass shall be provided for movement of vehicles to and from

the village on access roads.

3. The alternative shall be passing thorough water-logging area. Hence, adequate cross-

drainage structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies to drain out the water

into the sea.

4. A comparative bypass alternative on RHS shall be studied and the most feasible among

both shall be proposed.


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Prachi

Public consultation has been conducted in Prachi village on April 10, 2011. One bypass

alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS and Alternative-2 on RHS.


1. Bypass Alternative-1 has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.

2. Access road leading to Alidra village shall have a CD structure of adequate height so that

the structure shall be used as underpass during summer season.


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Chorwad

Public consultation has been conducted in Chorwad village on April 11, 2011. One bypass

alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on RHS.


1. Bypass Alternative has been unanimously agreed by the villagers.

2. The ROW to be acquired shall be minimum as the bypass alignment passes though well

established coconut plantation.

3. The income generated per vigha (1624 sqm) is Rs. 1 lakh per annum and the market

value per vigha is ranging between 5 to 7 lakhs.


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Kukaswada

Public consultation has been conducted in Kukaswada village on April 11, 2011. One bypass

alternative have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 on LHS as.



villagers.

2. Utility ducts of 1.0m diameter with a spacing of 250m to be provided.

3. Adequate safety requirements have to be followed at School, bus stops, etc by providing

traffic signs, road markings and street lighting.


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Madhavpur

Public consultation has been conducted in Madhavpur village on April 11, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 & 2 on RHS.



villagers.

2. Existing geometry shall be maintained with no further curve improvement as existing

structures have already been dismantled for four laning of highway.

3. Adequate safety requirements have to be followed at School, bus stops, etc by providing

traffic signs, road markings and street lighting.


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Porbandhar

Public consultation has been conducted in Porbandhar village on April 13, 2011. Two bypass

alternatives have been proposed for this village, Alternative-1 & 2 on RHS.



2. The proposed alignment shall cross the existing NH – 8B beside the ITI campus.

3. The existing highway needs to be rehabilitated before handover.

4. The alignment passes through water-logging areas. Hence, adequate cross drainage

structures shall be provided based on hydrological studies.

5. Grade separation as an underpass or flyover shall be provided at the crossings of

national and state highways.


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Main Findings and Observations

Through active participations of the stakeholders, key issues relating to social and environmental

impacts, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation were identified and discussed during the

public consultation. Certain observations as they emerged from various public consultations may

be summarized as follows:

Majority of the participants likely to get affected were not opposed to the widening of the road

and are convinced with the advantages that accrue with the 6/4/2 laning of the road like

distribution of the presently high traffic load, reduction in number of accidents, lesser fuel

consumption and time saving.

Majority of participants from various villages have agreed for the bypass proposal.

There is a common demand of construction of underpasses and elevated roads / flyovers in

major built up areas and provision of bus shelters. Appropriate measures for controlling the

accidents were also demanded, like signboards, road markings and street lighting before the

built-up areas etc.

With regards to R&R and environmental issues, the following concerns were raised by the

participants

The mode of compensation for land acquisition

Provision of employment in project construction works to Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

Environment protection and pollution control

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7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS

This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts likely on the

various physical, biological and cultural environmental components along the project corridor.

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Road widening projects have typical potential impacts though these vary in accordance with the

intensity of construction works involved, future scenario envisaged during the operation stage

and the importance attached to the impacted environmental attributes. Since the project involves

widening of the existing NH-8E from existing two lane to 6/4/2 lane with paved shoulder, most of

the impacts will be confined to the proposed RoW. Subsequent sections detail out the likely

impacts on various environmental components.

7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Meteorology: By and large, no significant change is expected in the macro-climatic setting

(precipitation, temperature and wind) of the corridor due to the project. However, the

microclimate is likely to be modified due to removal of roadside trees and addition of increased

pavement surface. In addition, temporary loss of shade giving roadside trees will cause

discomfort to the slow moving traffic and pedestrians.

Physiography & Terrain: The project corridor traverses through plain to rolling terrain. A large

stretch of the road passes through agricultural and barren lands. Widening to 6/4 lane will involve

large quantities of earthwork as fill materials. Such modifications in the topography may lead to

drainage problems both along the project corridor and at the borrow area sites.

Soil: The widening of the road to 6/4 lane would require acquisition of agriculture lands at places

where the presently available RoW is inadequate to accommodate the proposed improvements.

Establishment of labour camps, hot mix plants and movement of construction machinery shall

avoid ecologically sensitive locations and Construction and allied activities such as setting up of

construction camps and movement of vehicle along haul roads would result in compaction of soil.

Disposal of oil wastes from vehicle and construction equipment maintenance yards shall also

lead to contamination of productive soil.

Borrow Areas: The investigation was aimed at locating the potential borrow areas for sub-grade/

embankment fill and granular sub-base along the project corridors within economic hauling

distance. To obtain this information regarding probable borrow pits along the corridor and to

obtain this objective, field surveys have been carried out. Based on the information received and

field surveys, the consultants identified the borrow areas which are new ones /existing ones

belonging to the government or public. This material has been explored for construction of

embankment and subgrade.

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7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade

The sources identified as potential borrow sources are shown in Table 7.1 and include certain

useful information such as, distance from the project road, location, village name etc. Borrowing

soil from these areas would require prior approval of the local authorities, negotiations with

private people. Soil samples from these borrow sources were collected in bulk quantities by

excavating test pits down up to 1.0 m depth from the existing ground surface. The Top organic

soil layer of approximately 100 mm thickness was removed before sampling.

Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits

Sr. No. Name of Borrow Area Location Lead Distance to the

Project Road in km

1 Sanodar at km 24. 400 Sanodar 1.000 Km

2 At km 25.700 Kachha 300 m

3 Bapasara at km 45.800 Bapasara 300 m

4 Vavadi at km 26.240 Vavadi 500 m

The probable impacts of soil borrow pits are indicated below:

1. The borrow areas located in agriculture lands deprives the cultivation of the area and disturbs

top soil containing high nutrients.

2. The soil erosion for borrow areas leads to sedimentation / silt flowing along the adjacent

cultivated lands.

3. The borrow areas also triggers impact on safety of animals / cattle even if it si fenced before

the redevelopment of borrow area (either leveling of monts/ storing of water for agriculture/

water for irrigation).

4. During excavation, the excavator emanates dust with a fine organic silt content between 2 to

10 microns which affects nearby communities.

5. Borrow area also triggers impacts on natural drains and subsequent irrigation meandering

channels.

7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates

Aggregates to be used for base, surface courses and concrete works have been collected from

the crushers under operation in the existing quarries. The locations and the approximate distance

from each source to the nearest point on the Project Road are compiled in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates


1 9.000 Left 2 Km Bhikada

2 Kobadi Left 3 Km Ukhalla

3 51.000 Right 10 Km Palitana Road

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4 189.000 Left 1 Km near Una

5 204.000 Right 5 Km Near Dolasa

6 242.000 Right 5 Km Rampara

7 331.000 Left 2 km

8 408.000 Right 6 Km

The impacts of Quarry sites are indicated below:

1. Quarry operation triggers impacts mainly on air and noise pollution besides blasting of rocks

endangers the community / grazing cattles in and around 3 kms (fly rock distance)

2. Impacts are due to irregular shape of quarrying operations affecting natural drainage. The

secondary impacts are due to transportation of aggregates through haulage roads.

3. The flora and fauna of the quarry area operations are significantly impacted.

7.2.3 Quarries for Sand

Sand samples have been collected from three sand sources and tested. Table 7.3 indicates the

location of these sand quarries along with the lead to Project Road.

Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry

Existing km Source of Sand

51.000 Shetranji

134.200 Datakdi

7.2.4 Water Resources

Impacts envisaged on water resources due to proposed improvements are:

Loss of existing water sources

Loss of water storage capacity

Increased pressure over available resources

Deterioration of water quality and

Drainage impact

Loss of water sources: Widening of the road width may result in partial and full filling of

roadside water bodies like ponds and ditches. Most of the ditches and ponds that are likely to be

impacted are non-perennial. The ditches along the project road are borrow areas from which soil

had been taken while constructing the existing road. Some of these lie within the proposed ROW

and are to be filled up. The ponds are mainly privately owned and are quite big in size. Both the

ponds and ditches are used for domestic purposes like washing, cleaning etc.

Efforts have been made to minimize the impacts on these surface water bodies. Reduction of the

area of these surface water bodies will be a moderate long-term negative impact during the

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construction and operation stage of the project. There are also loss of other water extraction

sources like hand pumps and bore wells due to widening of road.

Increased pressure on available resources: Seven surface water rivers have been identified

as likely water sources for construction. The suitability of these identified water sources and

availability of water during extraction is to be checked before incorporation of construction works

as per IS 456-2000. In addition water may also be sourced from new bore wells. During lean

season competitive uses of water from these sources may be adversely affected.

Deterioration of water quality: Pollution of water resources can result from the following

highway related sources. However, the impacts are dependent on the scale of pollution and the

nature of receptors. The likely pollutants, sources and receptors are presented in Table-7.4.

Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors

Sl. No. Contaminants Highway related Sources Receiving water bodies

1. Sediment Erosion from exposed land surfaces

during and after construction. Surface water bodies

2. Oils and Grease Primarily from parked vehicles, fueling

and repair stations Surface water bodies

3. Heavy metals Vehicle exhaust Surface & Ground water

4. Debris Litter Surface water bodies

5. Fertilizers, Pesticides,

and Herbicides

Fertilizers applied for establishment of

turf on embankments Surface water bodies

Drainage Impacts: As per the bridge condition survey there are 550 cross drainage structures in

the project corridor. Out of these, 30 Major Bridges (Total length > 60.0 m), 204 are Minor

Bridges (6.0 m <= Total Length <= 60.0m) and the remaining 316 structures are culverts.

Improvement measures include rehabilitation of existing structures as well construction of new

structure to house the proposed additional lanes.

During the construction of the new structures, there are chances of the waterways getting

blocked due to the haphazard dumping of the construction materials and wastes.

7.2.5 Air Quality

Construction Stage: Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be

due to the fugitive dust and the exhaust gases generated in and around the construction

equipments and ground related activities such as crushing sites, hot-mix and asphalt plants, etc.

The ambient Air quality is likely to be impacted due to activities such as site clearance, stone

crushing, dumping of fill materials, earthwork etc which will create dust in the construction area

and its vicinity. This will affect the health of the construction workers and dwellers with in the near

by vicinity of the construction activities. The impacts anticipated on the air quality during the

construction stage, though significant, will be short-term impacts.

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Operation Stage: The improved road quality will lead to induced traffic on the corridor. This

additional increase in the number of vehicles will result in a slow but steady increase in the air

pollution levels and pollutant concentrations.

Mitigation Measures

The mitigation/management measures proposed as a part of the project are likely to improve the

air quality scenario along the corridor during the operation stage. Tree plantation as per the

proposed road landscape strategy will help to attenuate the air pollution levels. The tree species

suggested include broad-leaved tree species, which can help settle particulates with their higher

surface areas and thick foliage and reduce the distance for which particulates are carried from

the road itself. This measure is of specific importance in context of the high SPM concentrations

as predicted in some of the receptor locations.

Other measures such as the reduction of vehicular emissions, ensuring vehicular maintenance

and up-keep, educating drivers about driving behavior / methods that will reduce emissions are

beyond the scope of the project but will be far more effective in reducing the pollutant levels.

Apart from provision of the mitigation measures, their effectiveness and further improvement in

designs to reduce the pollutant levels with increase in traffic shall be monitored. A monitoring

plan to this affect will be prepared as a part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

7.2.6 Noise Levels

Construction Stage: Due to the various construction activities, there will be temporary noise

impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor. The construction activities will include the

excavation for foundations and grading of the site and the construction of structures and facilities.

However construction noise is generally intermittent and depends on the type of operation,

location and function of the equipment.

Operation Stage: During the operation stage the noise generated by vehicles will have adverse

impact on residents of settlements located close to the corridor. Apart from the dwelling areas the

sensitive receptors consisting of occupants at educational institutions and hospitals will also be

impacted.

Mitigation Measures

The mitigation/management measures proposed as a part of the project are likely to reduce the

noise levels along the corridor during the operation stage. Vegetative noise barriers have been

proposed in front of the schools and hospitals depending on the space available. 3 rows of trees

have been proposed with each row comprising of 10-15 trees. The predicted noise levels are

marginally above the norms in most cases, so provisions of separate noise barrier for receptors

is not called for. The green cover recommended will be sufficient to attenuate ambient noise

levels to comply with relevant standards.

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Roadside Trees

Roadside trees within the existing RoW in certain stretches of the project road have been notified

as Protected forest.

The roadside plantations consist of mature trees on either side of the project corridor.

Predominant roadside tree species include Babool, Neem, Peepal and Banyan.

For roadside trees that are demarcated as Notified Protected forests, an application is to be

submitted to the State Forest Department for tree cutting (as per Forest Conservation Act 1980).

A joint verification of trees will be carried out in presence of concerned Forest officials before tree

cutting.

7.2.7 Fauna

Only commonly found fauna are present in the area. The project road does not contain any

endangered or threatened species close to the project highway and does not pass through any

sensitive wildlife / protected areas. No animal crossings have been reported or observed along

the stretch. Thus, there will be no major impact on the fauna of the area.

7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The social environment consists of the lands, buildings, and other community owned assets

including utilities. The proposed widening along the existing corridor will include one or more of

the following impacts:

Removal of encroachments and squatters and

Acquisition of land and structures – residential, commercial, institutional, agricultural, etc.

This would lead to affecting livelihood and community access to the roadside communities.

However, the options for the proposed widening will be finalized with a thrust to minimize the

impact on structures and other properties.

The likely social impacts have been analyzed based on the number of assets impacted and area

to be acquired under various land uses. This has been discussed in the RAP Report.

7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals

The details of educational institutes getting affected due to widening of existing highway are

indicated in table 7.5.

Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor

Sr. No Existing Km Side Extent of Impact

1 36.700 Left Affected

2 44.650 Right Affected

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Sr. No Existing Km Side Extent of Impact





















7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment

52 religious structures are being affected due to widening of the project road. Apart from these,

many shrines are found to be present within the proposed ROW. The affected temples are to be

relocated. The details are presented in Table 7.6.

Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor

Sl.No Chainage Temples / Dargas

LHS RHS

1 4.000 1

2 8.000 1

3 8.100 1

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LHS RHS

4 11.800 1

5 32.000 1

6 35.400 1

7 36.700 1

8 43.400 1

9 47.950 1

10 49.500 1

11 54.100 1

12 55.700 1

13 61.900 2

14 64.700 1

15 85.100 1

16 93.050 1

17 95.700 1

18 101.900 1

19 103.100 1

20 104.100 1

21 112.200 1

22 113.600 1 1

23 120.800 1

24 144.000 1

25 148.700 1

26 149.300 1

27 149.600 1

28 153.800 1

29 167.400 1

30 170.400 1

31 172.300 1

32 178.700 1

33 207.000 1

34 213.700 1

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LHS RHS

35 216.100 1

36 221.000 1

37 225.200 1

38 226.950 1

39 228.000 1

40 243.300 1

41 247.600 1

42 252.800 1

43 255.800 1

44 448.200 1

45 463.500 1

46 472.200 1

47 234.100 1

48 225.500 2 1

49 256.500 1

These impacts are assessed for each environmental component and environmental mitigation

measures / avoidance of negative impacts is proposed. The environmental management plans,

itemwise / sequentially prepared is to be followed by the Concessionaire during preconstruction

and construction phases.

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8. MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter presents mitigation and management measures to address likely impacts on

identified environmental components due to the proposed project development. The description

is an overview of the specific measures provided in the EMP. The Chapter finally presents the

environmental costs for mitigating adverse impacts.

The following subsections details the mitigation measures that need to be undertaken during

different project stages. They are required to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the

positive impacts of the project on the surrounding environment. The mitigation measures revolve

around various alternatives during the design phase, pre-construction, construction and

operation phase of the road project; incorporating the following:

The “standard design” of various road sections is arrived at detailed deliberation between

highway design and social-environmental team.

“General measures” to mitigate negative impacts on the natural, socio-economic and cultural

environment, based on the characteristic features (existing environmental settings and

assessment of probable impacts) of the project corridor.

Specific design solutions in the section that is found to be sensitive including formulation of

special provisions to ensure sensitive construction methods that take place in critical sections or

areas.

8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS

8.1.1 Land Resources

No major changes in the topography are envisaged along the project corridor. However,

requirement of materials shall necessitate creation of new borrow and quarry pits. Rehabilitation

of such sites after use, by smoothening the steep slopes and covering them with vegetation or

converting them into water body shall form a part of this project. Similarly, fresh embankments

created at the site shall be covered with dredged earth for turfing of the slopes, in order to

prevent erosion of the murram casing, for minimizing the runoff and stabilizing the embankment.

8.1.2 Soil Resources

Due to widening of the project corridor, adverse impacts on the soil include: loss of topsoil,

increase in soil erosion, soil instability, tipping of spoils generated from construction work and

contamination of soil. Following are the measures needed to minimize the adverse impacts:

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1). Conservation of Topsoil:

The topsoil shall be stripped upto a depth of 15

cm at all locations opened up for construction. The

stripped topsoil should be carefully stockpiled at

suitable accessible locations approved by the PIU.

At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall

be earmarked for storing topsoil

The stockpiles for storing the topsoil shall be

designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2

(vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2m. A minimum distance of 1m is

required between stockpiles of different materials

In the cases where the topsoil has to be preserved

for more than a month, the stockpile is to be

stabilized within 7 days of forming. The

stabilization shall be carried out through

temporary seeding. It consists of planting rapid-

growing annual grasses or small grains, to provide

initial, temporary cover for erosion control.

After spreading the topsoil on disturbed areas, topsoil must be seeded, and mulched within 30

days of final grading.

During construction, if erosion occurs from stockpiles due to their location in small drainage

paths, the sediment-laden runoff should be prevented from entering nearby watercourses.

Preservation of Stockpiles: The contractor shall

preserve the stockpile material for later use on

slopes or shoulders as instructed by the engineer.

Spreading back of topsoil: The area to be

covered with vegetation shall be prepared to the

required levels and slope. The stockpile material

shall be spread evenly to a depth of 5-15cm to the

designed slopes and watering the same as

required. The growth of the vegetation shall be

monitored at frequent intervals.

All temporary arrangements made for stockpile preservation and erosion control are to be

removed after reusing the stockpile material.

2). Erosion Control Protection

Stabilization of High Embankment Slopes:

Locate stockpiles in …

A secure area away from

- Grade, Subsoil & Overburden materials;

- Pit activities; and

- Day-to-day operations.

Areas that do not interfere with future pit expansion

Areas away from drainage paths and uphill of

sediment barriers.

Vegetative material for stockpile stabilisation…

Must consist of grasses, legumes, herbaceous, or

woody plants or a mixture thereof

Selection & use of vegetative cover to take into

account soil and site characteristics such as

drainage, pH, nutrient availability, and climate to

ensure permanent growth

Preserving stockpiles – Precautions

Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded

and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to

ensure that no compaction will occur.

Divert runoff around stockpiles unavoidably located

in drainage paths using a perimeter bank uphill.

The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or

tarpaulin immediately in case they are not stored for

periods longer than 1 month

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Slope of the road embankment shall be 1:2, which will reduce the possibilities of slope failure.

Further to stabilize the slope, vegetative cover as per box 8.1 shall be done.

Box-8.1: Detailed specifications for Vegetative cover

Description:

The vegetative cover should be planted in the region where the soil has capacity to support the plantation and at

locations where meteorological conditions favours vegetative growth.

Site Preparation:

To prevent the seeds from washing away subsequent to sowing, area should be protected with surface roughening

and diversions.

Soil samples should be taken from the site and analysed for fertiliser and lime requirements.

Seed Application:

The seed should be sown uniformly as soon as preparation of the seedbed has been completed.

No seed should be sown during windy weather, or when the ground surface is wet, or when not tillable.

Maintenance:

During first six weeks, the planting should inspected by the PIU, to check if the growth is uniform and dense.

Appropriate moisture levels shall be maintained. There may be requirement of watering the plantings regularly during

the dry seasons. Fertiliser and pest control applications may also be needed from time to time.

In case slope is steeper than 1:2, stone

pitching (Figure 8.2) will be done.

Stones will be fixed on slopes by gentle

hammering. A P.C.C. anchor will be

provided at the base, which will prevent

sliding of stones on slope. The gaps

between adjacent stones allow grass to

grow which will hold the soil firmly

together.

To check the slope stabilisation of

borrow pits adjacent to the embankment, the depth of the pit will be so regulated that the bottom

edge of pit shall not intersect the imaginary line of slope 1:4 drawn from the top edge of the

nearest embankment. To avoid embankment slippage and erosion, borrow pits shall not be dug

continuously.

3). Measures to minimize Soil Contamination

Reduction and management of spoil

Construction activities will generate a lot of spoil as the cut and fill quantities will not be balanced.

The solid waste generated will be used in road construction to the extent possible. The top soil

will be used in median for turfing and also in embankments for slope stabilization. Also extra

waste will be used to level the site of construction camp in the hilly section.

Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching

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Construction Stage

Cut and fill works will be carried out strictly in accordance with the design drawings.

Contamination of soil from fuel and lubricants

With an increase in the traffic volume, the contamination of the soil adjacent to the highway is

likely, even though the effect will be very localized.

Construction Stage

At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment

will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel

spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be ensured that

the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept at least 300m

away from drainage channels and important water bodies. In

all fuel storage and refueling areas located on agricultural

lands or productive lands, the topsoil preservation shall be

carried out. At the wash down and refueling areas, “oil

interceptors” as shown in Figure 8.2, shall be provided. The oil

interceptor works on the principle: the grease and oil being

lighter in weight float on the top surface of the wastewater. Hence, oil and grease can be scum

and be disposed in environmentally sound fashion.

Operation Stage

Probability of contamination of soil being only from the road runoff, which is regulated by well-

designed drains, no impact on the soil during operation stage except in case of accidents, is

anticipated.

Contamination of soil from Construction wastes and quarry materials

Pre-construction Stage

The generation of spoil materials has been minimized. For the disposal of spoils, low-lying areas

or quarries with extra storage capacity have been proposed for storage.

Construction Stage

It will be required that the cut and fill works are carried out strictly in accordance to the design

drawings. Earth, if required, will be dumped in selected area approved by the PIU. All spoils will

be disposed off as desired and the site will be fully cleaned before handing over. Non-bituminous

wastes from construction activities will be dumped in borrow pits and covered with a layer of the

conserved topsoil. Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved

by the PIU.

Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor

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8.1.3 Water Resources

Surface Water Body

A number of ponds and ditches will be affected due to the proposed alignment. Mitigation

measures as suggested below are to be undertaken at the locations.

The ditches are situated within the existing RoW, thus they are to be filled up.

For the loss of private ponds, compensation is to be provided to the owners.

In case of partially filled ponds, reconstruction of earthen embankment is to be undertaken to

protect the embankment from erosion with turfing/pitching or construction of retaining wall.

While working around or near the water body following measures shall be undertaken:

Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed near all the ponds for collecting the

sediments before letting them into the water body.

Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes

where they have to be revegetated.

Alternate drain inlets and outlets shall be provided in the event of closure of existing drainage

channels of the water body.

Movement of machinery, workforce shall be restricted around the water body and no waste

from construction camps or sites shall be disposed into it.

Run off Control / Drainage

To ensure efficient drainage system

and to prevent water logging along

the sides, adequate size and number

of cross-drainage structures have

been provided. All cross-drainage

structures have been designed to

handle a 50-year peak flood level as

per IRC: 5 – 1998 (Standard

Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges Section I), IRC: SP-

13 – 1973 (Guidelines for the Design

of Small Bridges and Culverts), IRC:

78-2000, (Standard Specifications

and Code of Practice for Road

Bridges Section VII).

At the location high embankment or bridge approaches, Chute Drains shall be provided to drain

the surface runoff and prevent erosion from the slopes. Detailed specifications are mentioned in

Figure 8.28.3. (Refer IRC SP: 50 – 1999, Guidelines on Urban Drainage; IRC SP: 42 – 1994,

Guidelines on Road Drainage for detailed drainage design)

E M B A N K M E N T IS M O R E TH A N 3 .0 m TO C H U TE W H E R E

H E IG H T O F E N E R G Y D IS S IP A TIO N B A S IN A T TO E

D IS S IP A TIO N B A S IN P L A N O F E N E R G Y S ID E V IE W O F

B A S IN

S E C TIO N O N B - B D R A IN A G E C H U TE

S E C TIO N O N C - C

F R O N T V IE W

S TO N E P ITC H IN G O N S ID E S L O P E

F R O N T E L E V A TIO N

P L A

N

S E C TIO N A T A - A D E TA IL S O F B E L L M O U TH

O P E N IN G

Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain

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During the progress of work, the contractor will remove obstructions that may cause any

temporary flooding of local drainage channels during construction. No spoil or construction

material will be stored outside the proposed RoW or at places obstructing the natural drainage

system.

In project corridor along watercourses, and locations close to cross-drainage channels, the

contractor will ensure that earth; stone or any other construction material shall be disposed off

immediately at the designated landfill site so as to avoid blocking the flow of water along those

channels. Silt fencing (Box 8.2) shall be provided at construction sites in proximity of water

bodies. Warning posts for notice of public against entry into the stream channels while

construction shall be erected.

During the operation phase following measures need to be undertaken:

Inspection (as per IRC SP: 18-1978, Manual for Highway Bridge Maintenance Inspection) and

cleaning of drains / culverts shall be done they gets choked with silt/debris and growth of

vegetative cover over the accumulated debris.

Box – 8.2: Detailed Specifications For Silt Fencing

Description:

Silt fencing is as temporary sediment barrier made of woven, synthetic filtration fabric supported by steel or wood post.

The purpose of the silt fence is to prevent sediment carried by sheet flow from leaving the site and entering to natural

drainage or any other water body located near the construction site. Silt fencing encourages the sheet flow and

reduces the potential for development of rills and gullies. Care should be taken that silt fences are not installed across

streams, ditches, waterways or other concentrated flow areas. All silt fencing should be installed along the contour,

never up or down a slope. Where all the sheet flow run off is to be stored behind the silt fence, maximum slope length

should not exceed as shown in the table 2

Criteria For Silt Fence Placement

Land Slope (%) Maximum Slope Length (Above the fence in m)

< 2 30.0

2 to 5 22.5

5 to 10 15.0

10 to 20 7.5

> 20* 4.5

* In areas where slope is greater than 20 %, a flat area length of 3.0 m between the toe of

the slope and the fence should be provided

Construction Specification:

Silt fencing (Refer Figure 8.4 for Cross-section) consists of 1.0 m wide filter fabric and should be placed on the

contour. Incase runoff flow or velocities are very high or where slope exceed vertical height of 3.0 m, silt fencing should

be wire reinforced. The contractor should purchase silt fencing in a continuous role to the length of the barrier to avoid

the use of joint. Incase of joints, filter cloth should be spliced together only at supporting post, with minimum 15 cm

overlap and securely sealed. The pile is drive to the depth of 300 mm into the ground by pressing from the top. The

frame will be installed at the edge of stockpiles and at the water bodies along which construction is in progress.

Inspection:

The PIU will inspect location as well as efficiency of silt fencing. The inspection should be done after every 15 days

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and incase of storm water, within 24 hours after the end of rain.

Maintenance:

The contractor should remove sediments, once it has accumulated to one-half the original height of the fence. Filter

fabric should be replaced whenever it has deteriorated to such an extent that the effective of the fabric is reduced. Silt

fence should remain in place until disturb areas have been permanently stabilized. All the sediments accumulated and

properly disposed of before the fence is removed. The operation of removing and disposing have to be monitored by

the PIU or Engineer In-charge.

Side View

Fabric (Woven Wire

Fence Baking)

Front View

Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing

Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing

Prevention of Water Quality Degradation

Following are the measures that need to be undertaken to prevent contamination of water body

during the progress of work and also during the operation phase of the project corridor:

To prevent the entry of the surface run-off from fuel and other contaminants into the wells and

other surface water bodies along the corridor, settling ponds and oil receptors shall be

constructed.

All the diversion and bunds shall be removed such that there should be minimum amount of

sediment generation.

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All wastes arising from the project shall be disposed off at identified disposal sites in

environmentally sound manner.

No vehicles or equipment shall be parked or refueled near the water-body, so as to avoid

contamination from fuel and lubricants.

At the construction camps, the sewage system shall be properly designed and built so that no

water pollution takes place close to any water body or watercourse.

8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures

During the progress of work, construction equipments and plants always have an impact on the

environment. The impact can be due to the emissions, dust, noise and oil spills that concern the

safety and health of the workers, surrounding settlements and environment as a whole. Following

measures need to be undertaken to address the air pollution during the progress of work:

Construction Stage

Selecting the site for plant area and parking lot for equipments and vehicles as per Box 8.3.

Box 8.3: Siting of Plant Area / Parking Lot

Avoid the following … Prefer the following …

Lands within 500m of habitations

Irrigated agricultural lands

Lands within 100m of community water bodies and

water sources as rivers

Lands within 100m of watercourses

Grazing lands and lands with tenure rights

Waste lands

Community lands not used for beneficial purposes

Lands with an existing access road

Acquiring “No Objection Certificate (NoC)” from the Gujarat State Pollution Control Board

before setting up crusher, hot-mix plant and generator.

Ensuring all vehicles must possess Pollution under Control (PUC) Certificate and shall be

renewed accordingly.

During the progress of work to minimize -the dust generation, emissions and noise measures

as per Table 8.1 shall be undertaken.

Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work

Concern Causes Measures

Dust

Generation

Vehicle

Movement

Water sprinkling

Fine Materials shall be Transported in Bags or Covered by Tarpaulin during

Transportation

Tail board shall be properly closed & sealed

Crushers Water Sprinkling

Concrete-mix

Plant Educate the workers for following good practices while material handling

Emissions

Hot-Mix Plant

Site Selection as per Clause 6.5.2, Section 6.5, IRC Manual for Construction &

Supervision of Bitumen Work

Regular maintenance of Dust Collector as per manufacture schedule

Vehicles Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule

Generators Exhaust vent of long length

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Concern Causes Measures

Noise

Heavy load

vehicles Exhaust silencer, Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule

Crushers Siting as per Box 78-3

Generators Shall be kept in closed room and regular maintenance as per manufacture

schedule

Operational Stage

During the operation stage to control emission due to vehicle movement, following measures need to

be undertaken:

By enhancing tree plantation along the project corridor.

Vehicles traveling on the highway should conform to vehicular emission norms.

Vehicular emissions of critical pollutants (SPM, RSPM, CO, SO2, NOx) will be monitored with

regular maintenance of roadside tree plantation.

A monitoring of the effectiveness of the pollution attenuating barriers will be taken up after 5

years from the planting of roadside trees. Based on the results, recommendation for any

changes in the mitigation measures or suggestion of additional measures shall be made.

8.1.5 Noise Control Measures

Construction Stage

The plants and equipment used for construction shall strictly conform to existing noise norms.

Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing

operations (as per manufacture schedule), the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be

checked and incase of any defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any item of plants

(measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors,

rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as

specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.

In construction sites within 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as

crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and

6:00 a.m. No noisy construction activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance

of 100m from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc. Blasting will be

carried out as per The Explosives Rules, 1983. Prior intimation of operational hours of the

blasting will be given to the people living near such blasting sites. Blasting will not be undertaken

in night hours.

To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial

enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with protective devices such

as earplugs.

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Operational Stage

Noise Barriers:

Noise barriers have been proposed at specific receptor locations along the corridor based on the

receptor, number of users, availability of space for the barrier and predicted noise levels. The

following types of noise barriers have been considered for noise attenuation.

Physical barriers in the form of walls

Rearrangement of the sensitive locations, through changes in the internal planning where

possible

Vegetative barriers in the form of thick screen of vegetation

An evaluation of the various types of noise barriers have been made and based on their

suitability and extent of noise attenuation, feasible noise barriers have been proposed for the

project.

Physical Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 20 dB(A). As they do not require

any large space, they can be easily constructed. However, there are a few drawbacks.

High cost involved in the construction of the barriers

Such barriers cause severence on either side of the highway

Such barrier facilitates opportunistic encroachment for urban squatters.

Vegetative Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 10dB(A). These barriers require

a considerable area and for attenuation of 10 dB(A) they require a depth of 40m.

Other measures for noise level reduction like structural modifications or change in the internal

layout of these locations calls for consultation with the community.

During the operation stage, to minimize the impacts due to the noise generated by the vehicles,

for institutional areas and hospitals located along the road side institutional plantations have

been recommended. Also since the volume of projected traffic being not that significant,

structural barriers have not been recommended. The details of locations where vegetative noise

barriers have been proposed are presented in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers

Sr. No Existing Km Side

1 9.460 Left

2 21.900 Left

3 29.700 Right

4 30.085 Right

5 39.570 Right

6 52.300 Left

7 86.776 Right

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Sr. No Existing Km Side

8 91.000 Left

9 91.150 Left

10 158.600 Right

11 174.950 Right

12 182.700 Left

13 182.800 Left

14 185.000 LHS

15 192.850 Right

16 201.500 Left

17 206.050 Left

18 268.360 Right

19 274.400 Left

20 278.300 Right

21 278.800 RHS

22 278.850 Left

23 288.250 Right

24 288.700 Left

25 288.900 Left

26 295.200 Right

27 300.480 LHS

28 310.000 Right

29 322.100 Right

30 332.300 Right

31 344.000 Left

32 367.800 Right

33 369.400 Right

34 379.800 Left

35 385.500 Left

36 397.400 Right

37 404.250 Left

38 405.250 Right

39 427.200 Left

Educate the workers regarding…

Personal safety measures (such as helmet, footwear, noise mask, ear plug, etc.) and location of safety devices.

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8.1.6 Safety Measures during

8.1.7 Construction:

The contractor must educate the workers to

undertake the health and safety precautions. The

contractor shall prepare traffic control plan and

drawings containing detailed specifications for diversion, signages as well as location specific

traffic detour plan. Other safety requirements that need to be undertaken are as follows:

- Adequate lighting arrangement

- Adequate drainage system to avoid any stagnation of water

- Lined surface with slope 1:40 and provision of lined pit at the bottom end, at the storage and

handling of bitumen and oil as well as at the location of generator.

- Facilities for provision of first aid

Measures for Road User Safety

Clearing of vegetation at inner curves having access roads so that adequate sight distances

are available to the driver. Depending on the speed at that section a sight distance

corresponding to 8 seconds reaction time shall be provided.

All major junctions shall be designed adhering to the standards of adequate sight distances

and facilities for the local traffic, parking areas, service roads, pedestrian sidewalks and zebra

crossings.

Trees that have been saved and are very close to the pavement shall be marked in white

paint or have reflective hazard signage on them to alert the driver.

Guardrails shall be provided close to religious structures adjacent to the corridor so that there

is no spillage of activities on the carriageway.

Cattle under passes are usually introduced at places where there is substantial movement of

people and cattle across the road with no cross drainage structures. The existing road does

not have any animal underpasses, but there is significant number of animal crossing the road

at some sections. The locations proposed for underpasses along the project alignment are

indicated from table 8.3 to 8.6 below.

Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses

Sr.No Existing

Chainage Proposed Chainage

Location

1 1.100 Budhel Bypass

2 13.620 13.620 Industries

3 17.400 17.575 Industrial location

4 1.800 Bhandariya Bypass

5 1.150 Tansa Bypass

6 33.290 Rajpara Realignment

7 1.455 Trapaj Bypass End

8 48.440 48.440 Industries

9 1.250 Talaja Bypass

10 55.000 55.000 Industries

Interaction with host community

Protection of environment with respect to:

- Trampling of vegetation and cutting of trees for cooking

- Water body protection

- Storage and handling of materials

- Disposal of construction waste

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Sr.No Existing


Location

11 61.000 61.000 Industries

12 1.530 Bhadrad Bypass

13 91.395 Mahuva Bypass Start

14 95.750 95.700 Mahuva-Savarkundla

15 99.260 Mahuva Bypass End

16 108.950 108.720 Nirma Cement Industry

17 1.400 Datardi Bypass

18 127.620 127.600 Pipavav

19 134.320 134.400 Dungar Parada

20 153.332 153.450 Jaffarabad

21 1.100 Hemal Bypass

22 164.423 164.400 Bhada-Timbi

23 0.350 Samter Bypass

24 0.300 Una bypass start

25 8.600 Una bypass End

26 196.175 195.900 Diu-Bhulga

27 199.825 199.825 Revadh

28 0.275 Dholasa Bypass

29 214.000 214.000 Industries

30 223.098 222.400 Kodinar-Amreli

31 225.017 224.300 Kodinar-Kantela

32 228.425 227.660 Ambuja Cement

33 232.258 231.325 Moradia

34 0.400 Prachi Bypass

35 3.400 Prachi Bypass

36 248.825 Gorakhmandi Realignment

37 250.325 Gorakhmandi Realignment

38 257.113 257.300 Athoda

39 17.610 Porbandar Bypass

40 20.785

Table 8.4: Locations of Flyover

Sr.No Existing


Location

1 24.367 24.400 Alang Port

2 0.000 Trapaj Bypass Start

3 137.526 137.900 Voola-Jaffarabad

4 222.143 221.400 Kodinar

5 11.400 Porbandar Bypass

6 443.700 443.100 Jamnagar

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Table 8.5: Locations of Cattle Underpass

Sr.No Existing


Location

1 1.900 Adhewada Bypass

2 44.153 44.140 Piprala

3 67.390 Borda Realignment

4 70.850 70.780 Moti Jagdar

5 74.960 Longdi Realignment

6 80.350 80.320 Unchakotta-Bagdhana

7 101.835 101.680 Devadiya

8 107.424 107.200 Billadi

9 116.500 116.500

10 121.989 122.000 Shasbantar-Dungar

11 142.275 142.550 Bharmuthala

12 148.706 148.800 Khamba

13 161.500 161.500 Sheyana

14 169.973 170.200

15 191.900 Nadholi Realignment

16 198.679 198.300 Chokkada

17 210.658 210.400 Velava

18 237.020 235.850

20 261.400 Kajali Realignment

Table 8.6: Locations of Pedestrian Underpass

Sr.No Existing

Kilometer Proposed Ch. Location

1 36.700 36.800 School

2 61.500 61.500 School

3 92.375 92.375 School

4 97.700 97.635 School

5 98.600 98.530 School

6 116.900 116.900 School

7 118.000 118.000 School

8 177.500 177.500 School

9 256.470 256.600 School

Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials

Accidents involving hazardous chemicals will generally be catastrophic to the environment,

though the probability of occurrence is low. 'The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)

rules, 2000 shall be compiled to minimize the risk of accident involving transportation of

hazardous material. For delivery of hazardous substances, three certificates issued by

transportation department, viz., permit license, driving license and guarding license shall be

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required. These shall be issued and checked thoroughly. Vehicles delivering hazardous

substances will be printed with appropriate signs.

In case of spillage, the report to relevant departments will be made and instructions followed in

taking up the contingency measures immediately. Hazardous landfill site with line system will be

designed at various campsites as per MoEF guidelines.

8.1.8 Bus Stop

There are several existing bus stops along the project corridor. Generally these stops are

associated with a settlement area or an intersection with a crossroad. A number of bus stops

have been proposed. The details of bus stop locations along the project corridor are given in

Table 8.7.

Table 8.7: Location of Bus Stops

SL.No Chainage Side

1 3.200 RHS

2 4.000 RHS

3 17.700 RHS

4 19.800 RHS

5 42.700 LHS

6 133.200 LHS

7 144.000 LHS

8 148.800 LHS

9 154.000 RHS

10 161.600 LHS

11 173.700 LHS

12 178.700 LHS

13 228.000 LHS

14 232.100 LHS

15 234.600 RHS

16 251.800 RHS

17 256.600 LHS

18 281.400 RHS

19 288.500 RHS

20 292.000 RHS

21 295.300 LHS

22 300.200 LHS

23 306.600 LHS

24 325.900 LHS

25 336.500 RHS

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SL.No Chainage Side

26 350.500 LHS

27 385.200 LHS

28 389.400 RHS

29 402.950 RHS

30 405.200 RHS

31 405.950 RHS

32 424.800 LHS

33 426.800 LHS

34 436.800 RHS

8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties

53 religious structures are being affected due to widening of the project road. Apart from these,

many shrines are found to be present within the proposed ROW. The affected temples are to be

relocated. The relocation cost has been provided in the RAP budget in VolumeV. The details of

the temple to be relocated are as follows:

Sl No Number of Temples Description Side

1. 53

Falling within the

proposed ROW i.e. 53

religious structures

RHS & LHS

8.1.10 Highway Landscaping

Roadside plantation along the project corridor has to cut. Of the trees to be cut, three times the

number is to be planted as compensatory plantation. Common plants generally recommended for

stretches passing through rural areas are Amla (Emblica officinalis) alternating with shaded trees

like, Ailanthus excelsa. Medium trees like Sapindus emarginta, Derris indica, are ideal for

screening.

Near market places and congested areas, trees known for behaving as ‘pollution sink’ are

proposed. Thus, trees which absorb pollutants, filter the air from pollutants, and act as noise

barrier would be planted. Near sensitive areas like schools and hospitals, tall trees with thick

canopies can create a wind screen through which the air can be filtered and the noise levels be

considerably reduced. In addition tall shrubs would be planted to act as screens against noise

and air pollution. Species recommended include Adhatoda vasica, Hibiscus hirtus, Withania

somnifera.

Plantation in Medians

Careful consideration should be given to the cross section to ensure driver recovery, mowing

access, and drainage. Vegetated medians offer excellent contrast to the travel lanes, making

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their edges more clearly evident. Additionally, turf areas offer visual relief and glare reduction in

large expanses of pavement in multilane highways.

Turfing and median plantation has been proposed along the entire stretch.The shrubs planted in

the median (Table 8.8) should be of low or medium height for prevention of the headlight glare.

One to two rows of flowering shrubs have been provided according to the varying width of the

median in different sections. In sections where the median width is less than 1.5m, only grass

turfing is proposed. Medians with turf also hide small litter objects better than bare pavement,

helping to keep the roadway neater in appearance.

At locations where a drain runs through the median woody plants are recommended so that

drainage in the median will not be obstructed. Where space and drainage patterns allow, berms

may reduce or prevent median crossings and reduce headlight glare. The species to be selected

are mentioned in the section on Plantation.

Table 8.8: Recommended Shrubs /Ground Cover for medians

Suitable Shrubs/small Trees for Median Suitable Ground cover-Creepers and grasses for Median

S.

No

Species S.No

Species

Botanical Name Common Name Botanical Name Common Name

1 Adhatoda vasica Ardusi 1 Coccinia grandis ( climber) Giloda

2 Apluda mutica Bhangoru 2 Leffery echinata (climber) Kakarpada

3 Daturo innoxia Daturo 3 Cucumis setosus(twinner) Tidho

4 Kaneri 4 Cyclea peltata (twinner) Kalipat

5 Bogemville 5 Ipomoea quamoclit Kamani

6 Ipomoea aquatic ( creeper) Nadinibhaji

7 Ipomoea penitigridis ( creeper) Rota belari

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123

9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environment Management measures shall be implemented during the various stages of the

project – Pre-construction stage, Construction Stage and Operation Stage. The EMP is

described below:

9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU

Prior to the contractor mobilization, the PIU/Concessionaire will ensure that an encumbrance free

CoI is handed over to enable the start of construction. The RoW clearance involves the following

activities:

Acquisition of land and structures,

Clearance of the RoW including removal of trees, and

Relocation of common property resources impacted, including cultural properties as temples

and community assets as hand pumps and other utilities.

9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer

The pre-construction stage involves mobilization of the BOT Concessionaire, the activities

undertaken by the concessionaire pertaining to the planning of logistics and site preparation

necessary for commencing construction activities. The activities include:

Joint field verification of EMP by the Independent Engineer and Concessionaire

Modification (if any) of the contract documents by the Independent Engineer.

Procurement of construction equipment / machinery such as crushers, hot mix plants,

batching plants and other construction equipment and machinery.

Identification and selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, water, sand etc).

Selection, design and layout of construction areas, hot mix and batching plants, labour camps

etc

Planning traffic diversions and detours, including arrangements for temporary land acquisition.

Apply for and obtain all the necessary clearances /NOC’s/ consents from agencies

concerned.

9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire

Construction stage is the most crucial stage in terms of activities that require careful

management to avoid environmental impacts. Activities that trigger the need for environmental

measures to be followed include:

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Imbibing environmental principles at all stages of construction as good engineering practices.

Implementation of site-specific mitigation/management measures suggested

Monitoring the quality of environment along the construction sites (as air, noise, water, soil)

and

Enhancement designs at specific locations suggested.

Tree plantation along the corridors and bypasses and landscaping along junctions by the

Forest Department.

Monitoring of environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency

There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good

engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Costs.

They include improvement of roadside drainage, provision of additional cross drainage structures

or rising of road height in flood prone stretches, provision of cattle crossings and reconstruction

and improvement of bunds of the affected water bodies.

9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU

The PIU/Independent Cosnultant shall be involved in the smooth execution of the project and

assessing the BOT Concessionaire during this phase. Their work shall include but not be limited

to:

Monitoring and guiding the BOt Concessionaire on adopting good environmental and

engineering practices.

Arrangement of plantation through the Forest Department.

Arranging training to the BOT Concessionaire and other stakeholders according to the needs

arising.

9.3 OPERATION STAGE

Operation stage activities that are to be carried out by the BOT Concessionaire and supervised

by PIU are:

Monitoring operational performance of the various mitigation/enhancement measures carried

out as part of the project.

Monitoring of Environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency

9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES

Training of Implementation agency staff towards project specific issues of EMP implementation

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Environmental Impact Assessment 125

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Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures

Sl. No Activities Management Measure Location Reference

1.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU

1.1.1 Land Acquisition,

R&R

The acquisition of land and private

properties will be carried out in

accordance with the RAP and

entitlement Framework for the project.

It will be ensured that all R&R activities

are to be completed before the

construction activity starts, on any sub-

section of project roads.

It will be ensured by the PIU that the

resettlement sites required for the

sections to be taken up for construction

in the first year are to be completed

prior to the contractor mobilization at

site. The PIU will identify suitable

locations for resettlement sites in

consultation with the PAPs to be

relocated. Resettlement sites will be in

line with the requirements of generic

EMP for resettlement sites.

Corridor of Impact Land

Acquisition

Act of NHAI

1.1.2 Tree Cutting Trees will be removed from the

Corridor of Impact and construction

sites before commencement of

Construction with prior intimation to the

Forest Department. Forest Clearance

will be obtained For cutting of roadside

trees notified as protected forest. Three

times the trees to be cut will be planted.

Forest department will maintain the

plantation and NHAI will deposit the

money for tree plantation.

Corridor of Impact Design

MoRTH 201.6

Forest

Conservation

Act, 1980

1.1.3 Utility Relocation All utilities lost due to the project will be

relocated with prior approval of the

concerned agencies before

construction starts, on any sub-section

of the project road.

Corridor of Impact As in RAP

1.1.4 Relocation of

Cultural Properties

All cultural properties within the CoI,

whose structure is getting affected, will

be relocated at suitable locations, as

desired by the community before

construction starts.

Local community meetings (facilitated

by NGOs entrusted with the

responsibility of R&R implementation)

will be held to discuss relocation

aspects, siting of structures.

Corridor of Impact.

1.1.5 Replacement of

Common Property

Resources

All common property resources such as

community sources of water will be

replaced.

The replacement will be complete

before construction starts.

Corridor of Impact.

1.2 Pre-construction activities by the Concessionaire / Contractor / Independent Engineer

1.2.1

Field Verification

and Modification of

the Contract

Documents

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1.2.1.1

Joint Field

Verification

The Engineer and the Contractor will

carry out joint field verification of the

EMP. The efficacy of the

mitigation/enhancement measures

suggested in the EMP will be checked.

All locations along the

project corridor where

mitigation/enhancement/

monitoring measures

are proposed

Project

Requirements

1.2.1.2

Modification of the

Contract Documents

If required, the Engineer will modify the

EMP and Contract documents

(particularly the BOQs)

All locations along the

project corridor where

changes in

mitigation/enhancement/

monitoring measures

are felt necessary

1.2.2 Procurement of

Machinery

1.2.2.1 Crushers, Hot-mix

Plants & Batching

Plants

Specifications of crushers, hot mix

plants and batching plants will comply

with the requirements of the relevant

current emission control legislations.

Contract,

MoRTH:

111.1, GoI Air

& Noise

Standards,

OSHA

Standards

1.2.2.2 Other Construction

Vehicles, Equipment

and Machinery

The discharge standards promulgated

under the Environment Protection Act,

1986 will be strictly adhered to.

All vehicles, equipment and machinery

to be procured for construction will

conform to the relevant Bureau of

Indian Standard (BIS) norms.

Noise limits for construction

equipments to be procured such as

compactors, rollers, front loaders,

concrete mixers, cranes (moveable),

vibrators and saws will not exceed 75

dB (A), measured at one meter from

the edge of the equipment in free field,

as specified in the Environment

(Protection) Rules, 1986.

Contract,

Environment

Protection

Act, 1986 &

MoRTH:

111.1

1.2.3 Identification &

Selection of Material

Sources

1.2.3.1 Borrow Areas Arrangement for locating the source of

supply of material for embankment and

sub-grade as well as compliance to

environmental requirements, as

applicable, will be the sole

responsibility of the contractor.

Siting of borrow areas to be as per the

Guidelines presented in Annexure 8.1.

The contractor will not use any of the

locations described here for borrowing

(within and upto 1000m either side of

Reserve Forest/ Ecologically sensitive

areas).

Locations identified by the contractor

shall be reported to the Engineer.

Format for reporting shall be as per

Form EM3, Annexure 9.1

Planning of haul roads for accessing

borrow materials will be undertaken

At all borrow area

locations suggested for

the project.

MoRTH:

305.2.2.2

Annexure 8.1,

Annexure 8.2

(location of

recommended

borrow

locations) and

Annexure 8.3

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during this stage. The haul roads

should be routed to avoid agricultural

areas.

In addition to testing for the quality of

borrow materials by the SC, the

environmental personnel of the SC will

be required to inspect every borrow

area location prior to approval.

1.2.3.2 Quarries The Contractor will identify materials

from existing licensed quarries with the

suitable materials for construction.

Apart from approval of the quality of the

quarry materials, the Engineer’s

representative will verify the legal

status of the quarry operation, as to

whether approval under statutory is

obtained. Some of the locations

identified during this stage is presented

in Annexure 8.4.

All quarries

recommended to be

used in the project

MoRTH:

111.3

Annexure 8.4

1.2.3.3 Water The contractor will source the

requirement of water preferentially from

surface water bodies, as rivers and

tanks in the project area. To avoid

disruption/disturbance to other water

users, the contractor will extract water

from fixed locations. The contractor

shall consult the local people before

finalizing the locations.

Only at locations where surface water

sources are not available, the

contractor can contemplate extraction

of ground water. Consent from the

Engineer that no surface water

resource is available in the immediate

area for the project is a pre-requisite

prior to extraction of ground water. The

contractor will need to comply with the

requirements of the state Ground water

department and seek their approval for

doing so.

All rivers / surface water

bodies that can be used

in the project

Contract

1.2.3.4 Sand The contractor will identify sand

quarries with requisite approvals for the

extraction of sand for use in the project

1.2.4 Labour

Requirements

The contractor will use unskilled labour

drawn from local communities to avoid

any additional stress on the existing

facilities (medical services, power,

water supply, etc.)

Along project corridor at

construction sites

Contract

1.2.5 Setting up

construction sites

1.2.5.1 Construction Camp

Locations –

Selection, Design &

Layout

Siting of construction camps is to be as

per the guidelines presented in

Annexure 8.5 of EMP. Locations

identified by the contractor shall be

reported as per format EM2, Annexure

9.1.

Construction camps will not be

proposed:

(i)Within 1000m of locations as

All Construction

Workers Camps

including areas in

immediate vicinity.

Contract

Annexure 8.5

Section

1.2.3.1

Annexure 9.1

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described in Section 1.2.3.1 (Reserve

Forest /Ecologically sensitive areas).

(ii)Within 1000m from the nearest

habitation to avoid conflicts and stress

over the infrastructure facilities, with the

local community.

(iii) Layout of construction camps will

be as per the conceptual design

presented in Drawing 3.5.1 of

Annexure 8.5.

(iv) Locations for stockyards for

construction materials will be identified

at least 1000 m from watercourses.

(v) The waste disposal and sewage

system for the camp will be designed,

built and operated such that no odour

is generated.

(vi) Unless otherwise arranged by the

local sanitary authority, arrangements

for disposal of excreta suitably

approved by the local medical health or

municipal authorities or as directed by

Engineer will need to be provided by

the contractor.

1.2.5.2 Hot Mix Plants &

Batching Plant

Location

Hot mix plants and batching plants will

be sited sufficiently away from reserve

forest, habitation, agricultural

operations or industrial establishments.

Such plants will be located at least

1000m away from the nearest

habitation, preferably in the downwind

direction.

Contract

MoRTH

clause 111.5

1.2.6 Arrangements for

Temporary Land

Requirement

The contractor as per prevalent rules

will carry out negotiations with the land

owners for obtaining their consent for

temporary use of lands for construction

sites/ hot mix plants /traffic detours

/borrow areas etc.

The Engineer will be required to ensure

that the clearing up of the site prior to

handing over to the owner (after

construction or completion of the

activity) is included in the contract.

Areas temporarily

acquired for

construction sites/ hot

mix plants / borrow

areas / diversions/

detours.

2.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

2.1 Construction Stage Activities by Contractor

2.1.1 Site Clearance

2.1.1.1 Clearing and

Grubbing

Vegetation will be removed from the

CoI before the commencement of

Construction.

All works will be carried out such that

the damage or disruption to flora is

minimum.

Only ground cover / shrubs that

impinge directly on the permanent

works or necessary temporary works

will be removed with prior approval

from the Engineer. The contractor,

under any circumstances will not

Corridor of Impact Design

MoRTH 201

111.15.1, Sub

clause

111.15.4

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damage trees (in addition to those

already felled with prior permission

from the forest department). Vegetation

only with girth of over 30 cm will be

considered as trees and shall be

removed as per Activity 1.1.2.

2.1.1.2 Dismantling of

Bridgework /

Culverts

The culverts will be dismantled

carefully and the resulting materials so

removed as not to cause damage to

the part of the structure retained and

other properties and structures nearby.

All necessary measures will be taken

while working close to cross drainage

channels to prevent earthwork,

stonework, materials and appendage

as well as the method of operation from

impeding cross-drainage at rivers,

streams, water canals and existing

irrigation and drainage systems.

At locations were bridge

works and culverts are

proposed.

MoRTH 202.2

2.1.1.3 Generation of Debris

from dismantling of

pavement structures

Debris generated due to the

dismantling of the existing pavement

structure shall be suitably reused in the

proposed construction, subject to the

suitability of the material and the

approval of the Engineer

Unutilized debris material shall be

suitably disposed off by the contractor,

either through filling up of borrow areas

created for the project or at pre-

designated dump locations, subject to

the approval of the Engineer.

Debris generated from pile driving or

other construction activities shall be

disposed such that it does not flow into

the surface water bodies or form mud

puddles in the area. Disposal sites shall

be identified by the contractor as per

guidelines provided in Annexure 3.6.

The identified locations will be reported

to the Engineer as per format EM1,

Annexure 9.1

Throughout Project

Corridor

MoRTH 202.5

MoRTH 517

Annexure 8.7

Annexure 9.1

2.1.1.4 Non-bituminons

construction waste

disposal

As far as possible construction waste

will be utilized in road construction.

Location of disposal sites will be

finalized prior to completion of the

earthworks on any particular section of

the road. As local villagers requested

for preparing play ground in the hill

section during consultation, rest of the

solid waste will be utilized for

preparation of playgrounds. Solid waste

will also be utilized for preparation of

construction camps.

After providing these facilities, if

disposal of waste required, contarctor

will identify the site as the guidelines for

siting of disposal sites (Annexure 8.6).

Dump site locations Contract

MoRTH:

201.4 & 202.5

Section

1.2.3.1

Annexure 8.6

2.1.1.5 Bituminous wastes

disposal

The disposal of residual bituminous

wastes will be done by the contractor at

Throughout Project

Corridor

Contract &

Annexure 8.6

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secure landfill sites, with the requisite

approvals for the same from the

concerned government agencies.

MoRTH:

201.4

2.1.2 Planning Traffic

Diversions &

Detours

Temporary diversions will be

constructed with the approval of the

Engineer.

Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be

prepared and submitted to the

Engineer for approval, 5 days prior to

commencement of works on any

section of road. The traffic control plans

shall contain details of temporary

diversions, details of arrangements for

construction under traffic, details of

traffic arrangement after cessation of

work each day, safety measures for

transport of hazardous material and

arrangement of flagmen.

Environmental personnel of the

Engineer will assess the environmental

impacts associated as the loss of

vegetation, productive lands and the

arrangement for temporary diversion of

the land prior to the finalisation of

diversions and detours.

Special consideration will be given to

the preparation of the traffic control

plan for safety of pedestrians and

workers at night.

The Contractor will ensure that the

diversion/detour is always maintained

in running condition, particularly during

the monsoon to avoid disruption to

traffic flow. He shall inform local

community of changes to traffic routes,

conditions and pedestrian access

arrangements.

The temporary traffic detours will be

kept free of dust by frequent application

of water.

All along the Project

Corridor.

MoRTH:

112.1

MoRTH:

112.4

MoRTH:112.2

MoRTH:

112.5

2.1.3 Procurement of

Construction

Materials

2.1.3.1 Borrow Areas No borrow area will be opened without

permission of the Engineer

Borrow pits will not be dug continuously

in a stretch. The location, shape and

size of the designated borrow areas will

be as approved by the Engineer and in

accordance to the IRC recommended

practice for borrow pits for road

embankments (IRC 10: 1961)

The borrowing operations will be

carried out as specified in the

guidelines for siting and operation of

borrow areas (Annexure 8.1)

The unpaved surfaces used for the

haulage of borrow materials will be

maintained dust free by the contractor.

All along the project

corridor, all access

roads, sites temporarily

acquired & all borrow

areas

MoRTH:

305.2.2.2

IRC 10 1961

Annexure 8.1

MoRTH:

111.2, Sub

clause

111.15.2

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Since dust raising is the only impact

along the haul roads sprinkling of water

will be carried out twice a day along

such roads during their period of use.

2.1.3.2 Stripping, stocking

and preservation of

top soil

The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of

cutting and areas to be permanently

covered will be stripped to a depth of

150mm and stored in stockpiles. At

least 10% of the temporarily acquired

area will be earmarked for storing

topsoil.

The stockpile will be designed such

that the slope does not exceed 1:2

(vertical to horizontal), and the height of

the pile is to be restricted to 2m.

Stockpiles will not be surcharged or

otherwise loaded and multiple handling

will be kept to a minimum to ensure

that no compaction will occur. The

stockpiles will be covered with gunny

bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by

the contractor that the topsoil will not

be unnecessarily trafficked either

before stripping or when in stockpiles.

Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned

to cover the disturbed area and cut

slopes. The management of topsoil

shall be reported regularly to the

Engineer as per format EM6, Annexure

9.1

Throughout Project

Corridor, where

productive land is

acquired.

MoRTH:

301.3.2 &

MoRTH:

305.3.3

MoRTH:

301.7 &

MoRTH:

305.3.9

Annexure 9.1

2.1.3.3 Quarries The quarry operations will be

undertaken within the rules and

regulations in force.


corridor and all haul

roads

MoRTH:

111.3

2.1.3.4 Blasting Except as may be provided in the

contract or ordered or authorized by the

Engineer, the Contractor will not use

explosives.

Where the use of explosives is so

provided or ordered or authorized, the

Contractor will comply with the

requirements of the following Sub-

Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law

of the land as applicable.

The Contractor will at all times take

every possible precaution and will

comply with appropriate laws and

regulations relating to the import,

handling, transportation, storage and

use of explosives. The contractor will at

all times when engaged in blasting

operations, post sufficient warning

flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the

Engineer.

The Contractor will at all times make

full liaison with and inform well in

advance and obtain such permission as

is required from all Government

Authorities, public bodies and private

parties whomsoever concerned or

All blasting and Pre-

splitting Sites.

MoRTH:

302.4

132



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affected or likely to be concerned or

affected by blasting operations.

Blasting will be carried out only with

permission of the Engineer. All the

statutory laws, regulations, rules etc.,

pertaining to acquisition, transport,

storage, handling and use of

explosives will be strictly followed.

Blasting will be carried out during fixed

hours (preferably during mid-day) or as

permitted by the Engineer. The timing

should be made known to all the

people within 1000m (200m for pre-

splitting) from the blasting site in all

directions.

2.1.3.5 Transporting

Construction

Materials

All vehicles delivering materials to the

site will be covered to avoid spillage of

materials.

All existing highways and roads used

by vehicles of the contractor, or any of

his sub-contractor or suppliers of

materials and similarly roads which are

part of the works will be kept clean and

clear of all dust/mud or other

extraneous materials dropped by such

vehicles

The unloading of materials at

construction sites close to settlements

will be restricted to daytime only.

All along the Project

corridor and all haul

roads

MoRTH:

111.9

2.1.3.6 Water Extraction Procurement of water is to be carried

out as per Section 1.2.3.3 The

contractor will minimize wastage of

water during construction.

All water bodies

recommended to be

used in the project

Section

1.2.3.3

2.1.4 Infrastructure

provisions at

construction camps

The Contractor during the progress of

work will provide, erect and maintain

necessary (temporary) living

accommodation and ancillary facilities

for labour to standards and scales

approved by the resident Engineer.

There shall be provided within the

precincts of every workplace, latrines

and urinals in an accessible place, and

the accommodation, separately for

each for these, as per standards set by

the Building and other Construction

Workers (regulation of Employment

and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

Except in workplaces provided with

water-flushed latrines connected with a

water borne sewage system, all latrines

shall be provided with dry-earth system

(receptacles) which shall be cleaned at

least four times daily and at least twice

during working hours and kept in a

strict sanitary condition. Receptacles

shall be tarred inside and outside at

least once a year. If women are

employed, separate latrines and

urinals, screened from those for men

Construction camps Contract

133



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(and marked in the vernacular) shall

provided. There shall be adequate

supply of water, close to latrines and

urinals.

All temporary accommodation must be

constructed and maintained in such a

fashion that uncontaminated water is

available for drinking, cooking and

washing. The sewage system for the

camp must be designed, built and

operated so that no health hazard

occurs and no pollution to the air,

ground or adjacent watercourses takes

place. Compliance with the relevant

legislation must be strictly adhered to.

Garbage bins must be provided in the

camp shall be regularly emptied and

the garbage disposed off in a hygienic

manner. Construction camps are to be

sited at least 1000m away from the

nearest habitation and adequate health

care is to be provided for the work

force.

Unless otherwise arranged for by the

local sanitary authority, arrangement

for disposal of excreta by putting a

layer of night soils at the bottom of a

permanent tank prepared for the

purpose shall be taken up by the

contractor. It should be covered with

15 cm layer of waste or refuse and then

with a layer of earth for a fortnight (by

then it will turn into manure).

134



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2.1.5 Operation of

construction

equipments and

vehicles

All vehicles and equipment used for

construction will be fitted with exhaust

silencers. During routine servicing

operations, the effectiveness of

exhaust silencers will be checked and if

found to be defective will be replaced.

Noise limits for construction equipment

used in this project (measured at one

metre from the edge of the equipment

in free field) such as compactors,

rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers,

cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws

will not exceed 75 dB(A), as specified

in the Environment (Protection) Rules,

1986

Notwithstanding any other conditions of

contract, noise level from any item of

plant(s) must comply with the relevant

legislation for levels of noise emission.

The contractor will ensure that the AAQ

concentrations at these construction

sites are within the acceptable limits of

industrial uses in case of hot mix plants

and crushers and residential uses

around construction camps.

Dust screening vegetation will be

planted on the edge of the RoW for

screening dust crusher.

Monitoring of the exhaust gases and

noise levels will be carried out by the

agency identified for Environmental

Monitoring for the project.

All construction

equipments and

vehicles

Environment

(Protection)

Rules, 1986

Monitoring

Plan

Table 9.1 &

Table 9.2

2.1.6 Material Handling at

Site

All workers employed on mixing

asphaltic material, cement, lime

mortars, concrete etc., will be provided

with protective footwear and protective

goggles.

Workers, who are engaged in welding

works, would be provided with welder’s

protective eye-shields.

Workers, engaged in stone breaking

activities will be provided with

protective goggles and clothing and will

be seated at sufficiently safe intervals.

The use of any herbicide or other toxic

chemical will be strictly in accordance

with the manufacturer’s instructions.

The Engineer will be given at least 6

working days notice of the proposed

use of any herbicide or toxic chemical.

A register of all herbicides and other

toxic chemicals delivered to the site will

be kept and maintained up to date by

the Contractor. The register will include

the trade name, physical properties and

characteristics, chemical ingredients,

health and safety hazard information,

safe handling and storage procedures,

and emergency and first aid

All construction sites MoRTH:

111.6

MoRTH: 105

MoRTH:

111.4, Sub

clause

111.15.3

IS: 6994 (Part

I) – 1973,

IS: 14352 –

1996,

IS: 2925 -

1984

135



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procedures for the product.

No man below the age of 14 years and

no woman will be employed on the

work of painting with products

containing lead in any form. No paint

containing lead or lead products will be

used except in the form of paste or

readymade paint. Face masks will be

supplied for use by the workers when

paint is applied in the form of spray or a

surface having lead paint dry rubbed

and scrapped.

2.1.7 Precautionary/Safety

Measures During

Construction

All relevant provisions of the Factories

Act, 1948 and the Building and other

Construction Workers (regulation of

Employment and Conditions of Service)

Act, 1996 will be adhered to.

Adequate safety measures for workers

during handling of materials at site

(Section 2.1.6) will be taken up.

The contractor has to comply with all

regulations regarding safe scaffolding,

ladders, working platforms, gangway,

stairwells, excavations, trenches and

safe means of entry and egress.

All construction sites Factories Act,

1948 and the

Building and

other

Construction

Workers

(regulation of

Employment

and

Conditions of

Service) Act,

1996

Section 2.1.6

MoRTH 105

Sub clause

111.11

2.1.8 Protection of

Religious Structures

All necessary and adequate care shall

be taken to minimize impact on cultural

properties (which includes cultural sites

and remains, places of worship

including temples, mosques, churches

and shrines, etc., graveyards,

monuments and any other important

structures as identified during design

and all properties/sites/remains notified

under the Ancient Sites and Remains

Act). No work shall spillover to these

properties, premises and precincts.

Access to such properties from the

road shall be maintained clear and

clean.

All construction sites MoRTH:

111.15.9

2.1.9 Chance found

Archaeological

property

All fossils, coins, articles of value of

antiquity, structures and other remains

or things of geological or

archaeological interest discovered on

the site shall be the property of the

Government, and shall be dealt with as

per provisions of the relevant

legislation.

The contractor shall take reasonable

precaution to prevent his workmen or

any other persons from removing and

damaging any such article or thing. He

shall, immediately upon discovery

thereof and before removal acquaint

the Engineer of such discovery and

carry out the Engineer’s instructions for

All construction sites

136



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dealing with the same, awaiting which

all work shall be stopped.

The Engineer shall seek direction from

the Archaeological Society of India

(ASI) before instructing the Contractor

to recommence work on the site.

2.1.10 Earthworks

2.1.10.1 Excavations

All excavations will be done in such a

manner that the suitable materials

available from excavation are

satisfactorily utilized as decided upon

beforehand.

The excavations shall conform to the

lines, grades, side slopes and levels

shown in the drawings or as directed by

the engineer.

While planning or executing excavation

the contractor shall take all adequate

precautions against soil erosion, water

pollution etc (clause 306) and take

appropriate drainage measures to keep

the site free of water (clause 311),

through use of mulches, grasses, slope

drains and other devices. The

contractor shall take adequate

protective measures to see that

excavation operations do not affect or

damage adjoining structures and water

bodies. For safety precautions

guidance may be taken from IS: 3764.


corridor

MoRTH

301.3.3

MoRTH

304.3.6

IS:3764

Earth fill Embankment and other fill areas,

unless other wise permitted by the

Engineer, be constructed evenly over

their full width and the contractor will

control and direct movement of

construction vehicles and machinery

over them

Along earth fill areas MoRTH

305.3.5.3

2.1.10.2 Stripping, stocking

and preservation of

top soil

Stock piling of top soil as per Section

2.1.3.2

The stockpiles will be located at least

100m from watercourses.


corridor

Section

2.1.3.2

2.1.10.3 Drainage

requirements at

construction sites

In addition to the design requirements,

the contractor will take all desired

measures as directed by the Engineer

to prevent temporary or permanent

flooding of the site or any adjacent

area.


corridor

2.1.10.4 Dust All earthwork will be protected in a

manner acceptable to the Engineer to

minimise generation of dust.

The contractor will take every

precaution to reduce the level of dust

along construction sites involving

earthworks, by frequent application of

water.


corridor

MoRTH 111.8

2.1.10.5 Contamination of

soil

Vehicle/machinery and equipment

operation, maintenance and refueling

will be carried out in such a fashion that


corridor

MoRTH 306 &

MoRTH 311

Section

137



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spillage of fuels and lubricants does not

contaminate the ground. Oil interceptor

will be provided for vehicle parking,

wash down and refueling areas within

the construction camps. Fuel storage

will be in proper bunded areas. All spills

and collected petroleum products will

be disposed off in accordance with

MoEF and SPCB guidelines.

Fuel storage and refilling areas will be

located at least 1000m from rivers and

irrigation ponds or as directed by the

Engineer. In all fuel storage and

refueling areas, if located on

agricultural land or areas supporting

vegetation, the topsoil will be stripped,

stockpiled and returned after cessation

of such storage and refueling activities

as per Section 2.1.3.2

2.1.3.2.

2.1.10.6 Compaction of soil To minimize soil compaction,

construction vehicle, machinery and

equipment will move or be stationed in

designated area (RoW or CoI, haul

roads as applicable) only.

The haul roads for construction

materials should be routed to avoid

agricultural areas


corridor

Annexure ‘A’

to MoRTH

501

2.1.10.7 Silting,

Contamination of

Water bodies

Silt fencing will be provided around

stockpiles at the construction sites

close to water bodies. The fencing

needs to be provided prior to

commencement of earthworks and

continue till the stabilization of the

embankment slopes, on the particular

sub-section of the road.

Construction materials containing fine

particles will be stored in an enclosure

such that sediment-laden water does

not drain into nearby watercourses.

All discharge standards promulgated

under Environmental Protection Act,

1986, will be adhered to. All liquid

wastes generated from the site will be

disposed off as acceptable to the

Engineer.

Water bodies falling

along the project

corridor.

Environmental

Protection

Act, 1986

2.1.10.8 Cutting/Filling of

Surface water

bodies

Earth works shall be undertaken such

that the existing embankments of water

bodies are not disturbed. In case of

cutting of embankments, the same

shall be reconstructed with appropriate

slope protection measures and

adequate erosion control measures.

Filling of surface water bodies will be

compensated by digging an equal

volume of soil for water storage. Such

dug-up soil will be used for spreading

as topsoil.

Wherever digging is undertaken, the

banks will be protected as designed or

Surface Water bodies

whose water storage

capacity is affected by

the project and whose

embankments are being

cut

Contract

138



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as approved by the Engineer. The

excavation will be carried out in a

manner so that the side slopes are no

steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal,

otherwise slope protection work, as

approved by the Engineer will be

provided.

As far as practicable, and as approved

by the Engineer, excavation for

replacement of water bodies will be at

the closest possible place/location, with

respect to the original water body or

part thereof consumed by filling.

2.1.10.9 Sub-Base & Base The contractor will take all necessary

measures/ precautions to ensure that

the execution of works and all

associated operations are carried out in

conformity with statutory and regulatory

environmental requirements including

those prescribed in Annexure A to

MoRTH 501.

The contractor will plan and provide for

remedial measures to be implemented

in event of occurrence of emergencies

such as spillage of oil or bitumen or

chemicals. The contractor will provide

the Engineer with a statement of

measures that he intends to implement

in event of such an emergency, which

will include a statement of how he

intends to adequately train personnel to

implement such measures.

Adequate safety measures for workers

during handling of materials at site

(Section 2.1.6) will be taken up.

The contractor will take every

precaution to reduce the level of dust

along construction sites by frequent

application of water as per Section

2.1.10.5

Noise levels from all vehicles and

equipment used for construction will

conform to standards as specified in

Section 2.1.5.

Construction activities involving

equipments with high noise levels will

be restricted to the daytime.

Transport of materials for construction

will be as per Section 2.1.3.5

The contractor will provide for all safety

measures during construction as per

Section 2.1.7


corridor

Annexure A to

MoRTH 501

Section 2.1.6

Section

2.1.10.5

Section 2.1.5.

Section

2.1.3.5

Section 2.1.7

2.1.11 Surfacing The contractor will take all necessary

means to ensure that works and all

associated operations are carried out in

conformity with Annexure A to MoRTH

501.

All workers employed on mixing

asphaltic material etc. will be provided


corridor

Annexure A to

MoRTH 501

Section 2.1.6

Section 2.1.5

139



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with protective footwear as specified in

Section 2.1.6.

Noise levels from all vehicles and

equipment used for surfacing will

conform to standards as specified in

Section 2.1.5.

Construction activities involving

equipments with high noise levels will

be restricted to the daytime.

Transport of materials for construction

will be as per Section 2.1.3.5

The contractor will provide for all safety

measures during construction as per

Section 2.1.7

Section

2.1.3.5

Section 2.1.7

2.1.12 Bridge Works &

Culverts

While working across or close to the

rivers, the Contractor will not disrupt

the flow of water. If for any bridgework,

etc., closure of flow is required, the

Contractor apart from obtaining the

requisite clearances from the PWD

(irrigation department) will seek

approval of the Engineer. The Engineer

will have the right to ask the Contractor

to serve notice on the downstream

users of water sufficiently in advance.

Construction over and close to the non-

perennial streams will be undertaken in

the dry session. Construction work

expected to disrupt users and

impacting community water bodies will

be taken up after serving notice on the

local community. Dry stone pitching for

apron and revetment will be provided

for bridges and cross drainage

structures.

At locations where

bridge works and

culverts are proposed.

MoRTH 2500

2.1.13 Mitigation Measures

for Noise Sensitive

Receptors

Provision is made for vegetative noise

barrier at locations exceeding operation

stage noise levels. Other noise

mitigation options shall be explored

based on site conditions. Details of

noise barrier at the identified sensitive

receptors are presented in Annexure

3.8. The measures shall be taken

during construction stage only in case

of excessive noise causing disturbance

to the sensitive receptors otherwise the

measures shall be implemented in

operation stage.

Annexure 8.8 Noise Rule

2002

2.1.14 Road Furniture Road furniture including footpaths,

railings, storm water drains, crash

barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs,

pavement markers and any other such

items will be provided as per design


corridor

MoRTH 801

2.1.15 Enhancements Enhancement of all cultural properties,

water bodies, incidental spaces has

been detailed out. (Refer drawing

volume of the Design report).

2.1.16 Monitoring

Environmental

The contractor will undertake seasonal

monitoring of air, water, noise and soil

Monitoring Locations as

specified in Table 9.3

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

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Conditions quality through an approved monitoring

agency. The parameters to be

monitored, frequency and duration of

monitoring as well as the locations to

be monitored will be as per the

Monitoring Plan prepared (Table 9.2).

2.1.17 Contractor

Demobilization

2.1.17.1 Clearing of

Construction of

Camps &

Restoration

Contractor to prepare site restoration

plans for approval by the Engineer. The

plan is to be implemented by the

contractor prior to demobilization.

On completion of the works, all

temporary structures will be cleared

away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other

disposal pits or trenches filled in and

effectively sealed off and the site left

clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s

expense, to the entire satisfaction of

the Engineer.

Residual topsoil will be distributed on

adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas

as identified by the Engineer in a layer

of thickness of 75mm - 150mm.

All Construction

Workers’ Camps

2.1.17.2 Redevelopment of

Borrow Areas

Redevelopment of borrow areas will be

taken up in accordance with the plans

approved by the Engineer. Guidelines

for redevelopment of borrow areas are

presented in Annexure 8.9

At all borrow area

locations suggested for

the project.

Annexure 8.9

MoRTH:

111.2

2.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

2.2.1 Tree Plantation and

Landscaping

Tree plantation and landscaping shall

be implemented through the BOT

Concessionaire. Trees felled will be

replaced in accordance with the Forest

(Conservation) Act, 1980.

Entire Project Corridor

3.0 OPERATION STAGE ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

3.1 Monitoring

Operational

Performance

The PIU will monitor the operational

performance of the various

mitigation/enhancement measures

carried out as a part of the project. The

indicators selected for monitoring

include the survival rate of trees, utility

of enhancement provisions for cultural

properties, water bodies, status of

rehabilitation of borrow areas and utility

noise barrier at sensitive receptors.

Refer Table 9.1 Table 9.1

Table 9.4

4.0 OTHER ACTIVITIES

4.1 Training of

implementing

agency and

contractors

The PIU shall organize training

sessions during all stages of the

project. The orientation session shall

involve field level EMP implementation

staff of PIU, Independent Engineer and

BOT Concessionaire.

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Environmental Impact Assessment Rev – R0

10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN

The monitoring programme is devised to ensure that the envisaged purpose of the project is

achieved and results in desired benefit to the target population. To ensure effective

implementation of the EMP, it is essential that an effective monitoring programme be designed

and carried out. Broad objectives of the monitoring programme are:

1. To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP

2. T suggest improvements in the management plans, if required

3. To satisfy the statutory and community obligations

4. To provide feedback on adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

The monitoring programme contains monitoring plan for all performance indicators, reporting

formats and necessary budgetary provisions. Monitoring plan for performance indicators and

reporting system is presented in the following sections. Budgetary provisions for the envisaged

programme is presented in Chapter – 10: Environment Budget.

10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Physical, biological and environmental management components identified as of particular

significance in affecting the environment at critical locations have been suggested as

Performance Indicators (PIs). The Performance Indicators shall be evaluated under three heads

as:

Environmental condition indicators to determine efficacy of environmental management

measures in control of air, noise, water and soil pollution;

Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggested

environmental management measures

Operational performance indicators have also been devised to determine efficacy and utility of

the mitigation/enhancement designs proposed.

The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans prepared for the project are presented in Table

10.1.

Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project

MONITORING

Sl.

No Indicator Details Stage Responsibility

A Environmental Condition Indicators and Monitoring Plan

1 Air Quality

The parameters to be monitored,

frequency and duration of monitoring as

well as the locations to be monitored will

be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared

(Refer Table 5.2)

Construction BOT Concessionaire through

approved monitoring agency

Operation BOT Concessionaire through


2 Noise Levels

Construction BOT Concessionaire through


Operation BOT Concessionaire through


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Sl.

No Indicator Details Stage Responsibility

3 Water Quality Construction BOT Concessionaire through


4 Soil Quality Construction

BOT Concessionaire through


through approved monitoring

agency

B Environmental Management Indicators and Monitoring Plan

1 Dumping

Locations

Locations for dumping have to be

identified and parameters indicative of

environment in the area has to be

reported

Pre-

Construction

Stage

BOT Concessionaire

2 Construction

Camps

Location of construction camps have to

be identified and parameters indicative of


reported

Pre-

construction BOT Concessionaire

3 Borrow Areas

Location of borrow areas have to be

identified and parameters indicative of


reported

Pre-

construction BOT Concessionaire

4 Enhancements

Progress of enhancement measures

suggested for cultural properties, water

bodies and incidental spaces is to be

reported

Construction BOT Concessionaire

5 Tree Plantation

and Landscaping

Progress of measures suggested as part

of the Landscaping Strategy is to be

reported


6 Top Soil

Implementation of the measures

suggested for top soil preservation shall

be reported by Contractor to Engineer


C Management & Operational Performance Indicators

1 Survival Rate of

Trees

The number of trees surviving during

each visit will be compared with the

number of saplings planted

Operation The Concessionaire will be

responsible for monitoring

upto BOT contract period (20

years after construction of

road).

2

Utility of

Enhancement

Provisions

The PIU will visit each of the

enhancement locations (for cultural

properties, water bodies and incidental

spaces) to determine the efficacy of the

enhancements carried out and the

community utilization of such areas.





road).

3

Status Regarding

Rehabilitation of

Borrow Areas

The PIU will undertake site visits to

determine how many borrow areas have

been rehabilitated in line with the

landowners request and to their full

satisfaction.

Operation The BOT Concessionaire will

be responsible for monitoring

upto 3 years after

construction of road.

4 Utility of Noise

Barrier

The PIU will visit such sensitive locations

along with the environmental monitoring

agency (responsible for monitoring of

noise levels during operation stage) to

check for the efficacy of noise barrier.





road).

10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

For each of the environmental condition indicator, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to

be monitored; location of the monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The

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monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and supervising

responsibilities. The monitoring plan for environmental condition indicators of the project in

construction and operation stages is presented in Table 10.2.

144



Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Attribute Project Stage

Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures Institutional Responsibility

Impl’ion Super’ ion

Air

Construction

SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX,

CO & Pb.

High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the plant in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis

Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, CPCB, 1994

Once every season for three seasons (except monsoons) per year for each year of Construction

Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day

(i) Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Hot mix plant (ii) At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3

Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified standards, additional measures as decided by the Engineer shall be adopted

BOT Concessionaire through approved monitoring agency

Independent Engineer / PIU

Operation

SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx,

CO & HC.

Respirable Dust Sampler / High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the plant in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis

Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, CPCB, 1994

Once every year for winter season for five years after completion of construction activity.

Continuous 24 hours

i) At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3

Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified standards, additional measures as decided by the Engineer shall be adopted


PIU

Water Construction

(i) pH, BOD,COD, TDS, Pb, Oil & Grease and Detergents for Surface (ii) Water pH, TDS, Total Hardness, Sulphate, Chloride, Fe, Pb for Ground Water

Grab sample collected from source and analyse as per Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater

Indian Standards for Inland Surface Waters (IS: 2296, 1982) and for Drinking Water (IS: 10500, 1991)

Twice a year (Pre monsoon and Post monsoon seasons) for each year during the Construction Period

Grab Sampling

At all locations as indicated in Table 9.3

At locations of increase in water pollution, all inflow channels shall be checked for pollution loads and channel delivering higher pollution load shall be terminated from disposal into the water source and other methods of disposal shall be adopted



145



Attribute Project Stage

Parameter Special Guidance Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures Institutional Responsibility

Impl’ion Super’ ion

Noise

Construction

Noise levels on dB (A) scale

Free field at 1 m from the equipment whose noise levels are being determined.

MoEF Noise Rules, 2000

Once every season (except monsoons) for each year of Construction

Readings to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every hour and then averaged.

Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Equipment yard

Incase of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, double-glazing of openings of the receptor walls shall be provided.




Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15 from edge of pavement


Once every season (except monsoons) for each year of Construction


At critical stretches as indicated in Table 9.3



Operation


Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15 from edge of pavement


Once every seasons (except monsoons) for five year after completion of construction activity.


At all the critical receptors as mentioned in Table 5.3 (ii) Additional sites will be monitored. The location will be decided by the PIU (EC).

Incase of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, double-glazing of openings of the receptor shall be provided.

BOT Concessionaire, through an approved monitoring agency

PIU

Soil

Construction

Monitoring of Pb, SAR and Oil & Grease

Sample of soil collected to beacidified and analysed using absorption spectrophotometer

Threshold for each contaminant set by IRIS database of USEPA until national standards are promulgated

During the Pre monsoon & Post monsoon season each year for the entire construction period

Grab Sampling

At productive agricultural lands abutting traffic detours and traffic diversions and major intersections, as indicated in Table 9.3

At locations of increase in pollution levels, source shall be identified and shall be diverted from further disposal



Monitoring after any major accidents / spillage during bulk transport of hazardous material. Depending on the type of spillage/accident the parameters to be monitored will be decided by the Engineer apart from those mentioned above.




Environemental Impact Assessment Rev – R0 146

146

REPORTING SYSTEM

Reporting system for the suggested monitoring program operates at two levels as:

a.) Reporting for environmental condition indicators and environmental management

indicators (except tree cutting indicator)

b.) Reporting for operational performance indicators at the PIU level.

BOT Concessionnaire and Independent Engineer operate the reporting system for environmental

condition and environmental management indicators (except tree cutting). PIU will operate the

reporting system for environmental management tree cutting indicator and operation

performance indicators. The PIU will set the targets for each activity envisaged in the EMP

beforehand and all reports will be against these targets.

Concessionaire will report to the Independent Engineer, on the progress of the implementation of

environmental conditions and management measures as per the monitoring plans. The

Independent Engineer will in turn report to the PIU on a quarterly basis. The PIU will send

compliance report to the MoEF every six months as per the conditions of clearance granted for

the project after receiving the report from the contractor and duly verified by the Engineer. The

reports submitted to the MoEF will also be forwarded to the NHAI Head Office. Reporting formats

for contractors have been prepared, which will form the basis of monitoring, by the Engineer. The

details of reporting formats prepared for the project is presented in Table 10.3.

Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats

Format

No. Item Stage

BOT Concessionaire Independent Engineer (IE)

Implementation &

Reporting to IE Supervision Reporting to PIU

EM1 Identification of

Dumping Locations

Pre-Construction One Time One Time One Time

EM2 Setting up of

Construction Camp


EM3 Borrow Area

Identification


EM4 Enhancement

Measures for Cultural

Properties, Water

bodies & Incidental

Spaces

Construction

Monthly Monthly Monthly

EM5 Tree Plantation and

Landscaping

Construction Monthly Monthly

EM6 Top Soil Monitoring Construction Quarterly Continuous Quarterly

EC 1 Pollution Monitoring Construction As Per Monitoring

Plan Quarterly Quarterly

EC 2 Pollution Monitoring Operation - - -

OP 1 Survival Rate of Trees Operation - - -

OP 2 Utility of Enhancement

Measures for Cultural

Properties, Water

bodies and Incidental

Spaces

Operation

- - -

147



Format

No. Item Stage

BOT Concessionaire Independent Engineer (IE)

Implementation &

Reporting to IE Supervision Reporting to PIU

OP 3 Status Regarding

Rehabilitation of

Borrow Areas

Operation

- - -

OP 4 Utility of Noise Barrier Operation - - -

In addition to these formats, to ensure that the environmental provisions are included at every

activity of the implementation by the contractor, it is suggested that the approval of the

environmental personnel of the engineer is required in the Request for application to proceed or

other similar reporting formats used by the contractor. These will not only ensure that the

environmental provisions are addressed but also link the satisfactory compliance to

environmental procedures prior to approval of the Interim Payment Certificate (IPC) by the

Engineer. The activities by the contractor that can impact the environment will be identified based

on discussions between the PIU, team leader of the Engineer and the Environmental personnel

of the Engineer. The decisions will be communicated to the contractor prior to the start of the

construction activities.

10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

The NHAI is responsible for implementation of all the mitigation and management measure

suggested in the EMP. The NHAI already has certain organizational and institutional capacity to

be able to satisfactorily complete the implementation of the EMP. The capacity was mainly

created due to the requirements of implementing of this project corridor of the NHDP.

10.4 TRAINING

The Environmental Unit at the NHAI headquarters and the PIUs, who would be responsible for

the implementation of the EMP, need to be trained on the effective implementation of the

environmental issues. To ensure the success of the implementation set up proposed, there is a

high requirement of training and skill up-gradation at the field level also.

The requirements of training will be in line with the existing modules being adopted by NHAI for

training of the implementing agency. Additional training if required will be identified by the PIU

during/prior to implementation and accordingly included in the Scope of Services of the Engineer

employed for supervision of the project with necessary budgetary provisions.


Environemental Impact Assessment Rev – R0 148

148

11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET

11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Budgetary estimates for environmental management include all items envisaged as part of the

Environmental Management Plans. These costs have been worked out based on the estimates

for the mitigation measures. A substantial portion of the works costs will form a part of

contractors’ costs. The environment budget includes provisions for the various environmental

management measures (other than measures considered under good engineering practices). It

also includes the environmental monitoring and training costs. The environmental budget for the

various environmental management measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 11.1.

There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good

engineering practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Cost.

Various environmental aspects covered under engineering costs are listed below:

Turfing and Pitching of slopes

Construction of slope protection works

Construction of roadside amenities as bus stops

The total environmental mitigation costs for the project road is Rs 254.95 million. The detailed

cost is given in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1: Environmental Costs

Sl No Activity Unit Cost (Rs) Quantity Amount (Rs.)

A. Construction Phase

1 Air Quality Monitoring 8000/sample 113 904000

2 Monitoring of Air Quality near hot mix plants

8000/sample 30 240000

3 Noise Monitoring 4000/sample 113 452000

4

Noise Monitoring at Equipment yards (at 5 locations within equipment yards)

4000/sample for 5 equipment

yards 188 752000

5 Water Quality Monitoring 8000/sample 68 544000

6 Soil Quality Monitoring 6000/sample 93 558000

7 Median Plantation 250/plant 213180 53295000

8 Oil Intercepter 60000 4 240000

9 Silt Fencing 370/sqm 960 355200

10 Noise Barrier

(a) Noise Barrier (Vegetative with trees Guard)

4000 39 156000

(b) Noise Barrier (Wall) 15000 39 585000

149



Sl No Activity Unit Cost (Rs) Quantity Amount (Rs.)

11 Compensatory Plantation (three times tree cutting)

1500 106956 160434000

12 Temple Enhancement 150000 74 11100000

Total 229615200

B. Operation Phase

Monitoring of Environmental Attributes during Operation Stage

1 Monitoring of Air Quality at critical Locations upto 25yrs, once in every 2 yrs

8000/sample 15*1*12 1440000

2 Monitoring of Noise level at critical Locations upto 25 yrs, once in every 2 yrs

4000/sample 15*1*12 720000

Total 2160000

Total (A+B) 231775200

Contingency (10%) 23177520

Total 254952720

I



Table of Contents Executive Summary

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.2 THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.1 Project Description .................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.2 Objectives of the Assignment ................................................................................................................... 11

1.2.3 Scope of EIA ............................................................................................................................................ 12

1.3 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA .............................................................................................................................. 12

1.3.1 Review of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 13

1.3.2 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Status ......................................................................................... 13

1.3.3 Assessment of Alternatives ....................................................................................................................... 13

1.3.4 Assessment of Potential Impacts .............................................................................................................. 13

1.3.5 Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process .......................................................... 13

1.3.6 Conduct of Community Consultations ..................................................................................................... 13

1.3.7 Identified Mitigation & Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................ 13

1.3.8 Preparation of the Preliminary Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ............................................. 13

1.4 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................................ 14

1.5 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 14

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 15

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 15

2.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................ 15

2.2.1 Existing Right-of-Way (RoW) .................................................................................................................. 15

2.2.2 Traffic Scenario ....................................................................................................................................... 16

2.2.3 Land Use and Road side Environments ................................................................................................... 17

2.2.4 Major Settlements Enroute ...................................................................................................................... 19

2.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 21

2.4 IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.1 Widening Scheme ..................................................................................................................................... 21

2.4.2 Proposed Bypasses .................................................................................................................................. 25

2.4.3 Proposed RoW Width ............................................................................................................................... 26

2.4.4 Proposed Median Width .......................................................................................................................... 26

2.4.5 Proposed Road Features ......................................................................................................................... 26

TOLL PLAZA ................................................................................................................................................................ 28

2.5 INTERSECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 28

2.6 ROAD DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................................................... 30

2.6.1 Covered Drain below Footpath in Urban Areas...................................................................................... 30

2.6.2 Road-side Drain ....................................................................................................................................... 30

2.6.3 Chute Drains ............................................................................................................................................ 30

2.6.4 Additional Culvert for Field Channel ...................................................................................................... 30

2.6.5 Additional Culvert at Cross Road ............................................................................................................ 30

2.7 SOURCE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ......................................................................................... 31


2.7.2 Source for Water ...................................................................................................................................... 31

2.8 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................................. 32

II



2.9 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 32

2.10 ROAD SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 32

2.10.1 Carriageway Markings ........................................................................................................................ 32

2.10.2 Traffic Signs ........................................................................................................................................ 33

2.10.3 Safety Barriers ..................................................................................................................................... 33

2.11 LAND REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................. 33

3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 35

3.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 35

Legislation and Regulations: Environmental legislation, regulations and policy guidelines that may apply to this

project and government agencies that administer them are summarized in Table 2.1. ........................................ 35

3.2 THE LEGAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 35

3.3 CLEARANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................... 39

3.3.1 The EIA Notification ................................................................................................................................ 39

3.3.2 Categorisation and Clearance Requirement for the Present Project ...................................................... 40

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..................................................................................................... 41

4.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................... 41

4.2 STUDY REGION DELINEATION........................................................................................................................ 41

4.3 COLLECTION & COLLATION OF DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FEATURES .................................... 42

4.3.1 Primary Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 42

4.3.2 Secondary Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 42

4.4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 42

4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 43

4.4.2 Physiography and Terrain ....................................................................................................................... 44

Soil ........................................................................................................................................................................ 45

Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................... 46

Noise Quality ........................................................................................................................................................ 49

Ecology ................................................................................................................................................................. 57

Institutional Facility.............................................................................................................................................. 58

Coastal Regulation Zone ....................................................................................................................................... 60

4.5 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 60

4.5.1 Social Environment .................................................................................................................................. 60

4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 61

4.6.1 Population Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 61

4.6.2 Population Density .................................................................................................................................. 61

4.6.3 Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................................. 62

4.6.4 Vulnerable Population ............................................................................................................................. 62

4.6.5 Literacy Rate ............................................................................................................................................ 62

4.6.6 Workforce Participation .......................................................................................................................... 63

4.6.7 Right of Way ............................................................................................................................................ 63

4.6.8 Cultural Environment .............................................................................................................................. 64

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 65

5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 65

5.2 WITH OR WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO.......................................................................................................... 66

5.3 ALIGNMENT SELECTION ................................................................................................................................ 66

5.4 ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR BYPASSES ..................................................................................................... 67

III



5.4.1 Bypasses Proposed by R&B ..................................................................................................................... 67

5.4.2 Bypasses Proposed by STUP ................................................................................................................... 72

6. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................... 83

7. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 97

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 97

7.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 97

7.2.1 Borrow Pits for Construction of Embankment and Sub-grade ................................................................ 98

7.2.2 Quarries for Aggregates .......................................................................................................................... 98


7.2.4 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 99

7.2.5 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 100

7.2.6 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................................................... 101

Roadside Trees .................................................................................................................................................... 102

7.2.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................................... 102

7.3 SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................... 102

7.3.1 Impact on Educational Institutes and Hospitals .................................................................................... 102

7.3.2 Impact on Cultural Environment ........................................................................................................... 103

8. MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................. 106

8.1 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................ 106

8.1.1 Land Resources ...................................................................................................................................... 106

8.1.2 Soil Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 106

8.1.3 Water Resources .................................................................................................................................... 110

8.1.4 Air Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................................. 113

8.1.5 Noise Control Measures ........................................................................................................................ 114

8.1.6 Safety Measures during ......................................................................................................................... 117

8.1.7 Construction: ......................................................................................................................................... 117

8.1.8 Bus Stop ................................................................................................................................................. 120

8.1.9 Avoidance / Enhancement Measures for Cultural Properties ............................................................... 121

8.1.10 Highway Landscaping ....................................................................................................................... 121

9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 123

9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ......................................................................................................................... 123

9.1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU ......................................................................................................... 123

9.1.2 Pre-construction activities by BOT Concessionaire/Independent Engineer .......................................... 123

9.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ................................................................................................................................ 123

9.2.1 Construction Stage activities by BOT Concessionaire .......................................................................... 123

9.2.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU..................................................................................................... 124

9.3 OPERATION STAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 124

9.4 OTHER ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 124

10. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................... 141

10.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................................................................. 141

10.2 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 142

REPORTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 146

10.3 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 147

10.4 TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................ 147

IV



11. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ................................................................................................................... 148

11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 148

V



List of Tables

Table 2.1: Existing RoW ........................................................................................................................ 16

Table 2.2: Homogenous sections on project corridor ............................................................................ 16

Table 2.3: Projected Traffic .................................................................................................................... 16

Table 2.4: Summary of landuse ............................................................................................................. 17

Table 2.5: Urban Areas along the Project Corridor ............................................................................... 19

Table 2.6: Length of Widening Options Considered ............................................................................. 21

Table 2.7: Summary of Cross Drainage Structures ............................................................................... 26

Table 2.8: List of Bus stop along the Project Corridor ........................................................................... 27

Table 2.9: Tollplaza Locations ............................................................................................................... 28

Table 2.10: Proposed intersection Improvements ................................................................................. 28

Table 2.11: Details of Major Intersections ............................................................................................. 29

Table 2.12: Details of Intersections of Minor Intersection ..................................................................... 30

Table 2.13: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ............................................................................... 31

Table 2.14: Details of Sand Quarry ....................................................................................................... 31

Table 2.15: Location details of Water Sample ....................................................................................... 32

Table 2.16: Land Requirement .............................................................................................................. 34

Table 3.1: Summary of Relevant Legal Requirements considered for this Project and Institution

responsible .......................................................................................................................... 36

Table 3.2: Statutory Clearance Requirements ...................................................................................... 40

Table 4.1: Temperature of the Project Region ...................................................................................... 43

Table 4.2: Monthly Average Humidity of the Project Region (in %) ...................................................... 44

Table 4.3: Rainfall in the Project Districts (in mm)] ............................................................................... 44

Table 4.4: Mean Wind Speed (Kmph) ................................................................................................... 44

Table 4.5: Landuse in the Project RoW ................................................................................................. 46

Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Results .................................................................................................. 47

Table 4.7: Noise Quality Results ........................................................................................................... 49

Table 4.8: River Crossing the Project stretch ........................................................................................ 51

VI



Table 4.9: Ponds along the alignment ................................................................................................... 53

Table 4.10: Depth to ground water level along the corridor .................................................................. 54

Table 4.11: Water Quality Results ......................................................................................................... 55

Table 4.12: Road Side Tree Species ..................................................................................................... 58

Table 4.13: Educational Institutes along the project road ..................................................................... 58

Table 4.14: Number of Settlements along the Project Corridor ............................................................ 60

Table 4.15: Population Distribution in talukas along the Project Corridor, 2011 ................................... 61

Table 4.16: Population Distribution and Density along Project Corridor, 2011 ..................................... 61

Table 4.17: Sex Ratio along Project Corridor, 2011 .............................................................................. 62

Table 4.18: Share of Vulnerable Groups along Project Corridor, 2001 ................................................ 62

Table 4.19: Literacy Rate along Project Corridor, 2011 ........................................................................ 63

Table 4.20: Type of Workers within the Project Influence Area, 2001 .................................................. 63

Table 4.21: Landuse along the Project Corridor .................................................................................... 63

Table 4.22: Protected and Conserved Monuments Located in the Project Districts ............................. 64

Table 7.1: Probable Soil Borrow Pits ..................................................................................................... 98

Table 7.2: Details of Quarry Area for Aggregates ................................................................................. 98

Table 7.3: Details of Sand Quarry ......................................................................................................... 99

Table 7.4: Water Contaminants, sources & receptors .........................................................................100

Table 7.5: Roadside Schools along project corridor ............................................................................102

Table 7.6: Roadside Religious Properties along project corridor ........................................................103

Table 8.1: Measures to minimize air pollution during the progress of work ........................................113

Table 8.2: Locations proposed for Vegetative Barriers .......................................................................115

Table 8.3: Locations of Underpasses ..................................................................................................117

Table 9.1: Environmental Management Measures ..............................................................................125

Table 10.1: Performance Indicators for the Project .............................................................................141

Table 10.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .........................................................................................144

Table 10.3: Summary Details of Reporting Formats ...........................................................................146

Table 11.1: Environmental Costs .........................................................................................................148

VII



List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Project Corridor.................................................................................................................... 10

Fig – 2.2: Typical cross section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ......................................... 22

Fig – 2.3: Typical Cross Section for 2-Lane Highway without Service Road ........................................ 22

Fig – 2.4: cross section of 4-lane with service road .............................................................................. 23

Fig – 2.5: Typical cross section of 4-lane Flyover/Underpass with slip road ........................................ 23

Fig – 2.6: Typical cross section of 6-Lane with service road ................................................................. 24

Fig – 2.7: Typical cross section of 6-Lane Flyover / Underpass with Slip Road ................................... 24

Fig 5.1: Adhewada Bypass .................................................................................................................... 68

Fig 5.2: Budhel Bypass Option .............................................................................................................. 68

Fig 5.3: kobadi Bypass ........................................................................................................................... 69

Fig 5.4: Bhandaria Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 70

Fig 5.5: Tansa Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 70

Fig 5.6: Trapej Bypass Option ............................................................................................................... 71

Fig 5.7: Una Bypass Option ................................................................................................................... 72

Fig 5.8: Talaja Bypass Options .............................................................................................................. 73

Fig 5.9: Bhadrad Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 74

Fig 5.10: Datardi Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 75

Fig 5.11: Hemal Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 76

Fig 5.12: Samter Bypass Options .......................................................................................................... 77

Fig 5.13 Dholasa Bypass Option ........................................................................................................... 77

Fig 5.14: Chorwad Bypass Option ......................................................................................................... 78

Fig 5.15: Prachi Bypass Options ........................................................................................................... 79

Fig 5.16: Kukasawada bypass Option ................................................................................................... 80

Fig 5.17: Madhavpur Bypass Options.................................................................................................... 81

Fig 5.18: Porbandhar Bypass Options ................................................................................................... 82

Figure 8.1 Stone Pitching .....................................................................................................................108

Figure 8.2 Oil Interceptor .....................................................................................................................109

VIII



Figure 8.28.3: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain ......................................................................110

Figure 8.4: Cross-section of Silt Fencing .............................................................................................112

Figure 8.5: Layout Plan of Silt Fencing ................................................................................................112

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