T.3.17 Eng101 CausalTechniques QuotationPunctuation
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Transcript of T.3.17 Eng101 CausalTechniques QuotationPunctuation
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8/19/2019 T.3.17 Eng101 CausalTechniques QuotationPunctuation
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Eng
101Quotation Punctuation
Causal Techniques
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Quotation Marks
Punctuation & Quotation marks
Place periods inside
According to the online article written by
Smith, “Textbooks are boring.”
In the online article, the author declares
that “Textbooks are boring” (Smith).
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Quotation Marks
Punctuation & Quotation marks
Place commas inside
According to the online article written by
Smith, “Textbooks are boring,” and
textbooks should be burned.
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Quotation Marks
Punctuation & Quotation marks
Put question marks and exclamationpoints inside quotation marks unless
they apply to the whole sentence
Bedtime at my house is marked by
“Mommy, can I tell you a story now?”
(Stanko 7).
Have you heard the old proverb “Do not
climb the hill until you reach it”? ( Stanko
7).
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Quotation Marks
Punctuation & Quotation marks
Put colons and semicolons outsideHarold wrote, “I regret that I am unable to
attend the fundraiser for AIDS research”; hisletter, however, came with a substantialcontribution (Stanko 7).
Do not use quotation marks to drawattention to familiar slang, to disown trite
expressions, or to justify an attempt athumor
It was a “ballpark figure.”
http://
youtu.be/E-PIidaqCyU
http://youtu.be/E-PIidaqCyUhttp://youtu.be/E-PIidaqCyUhttp://youtu.be/E-PIidaqCyU
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WebMD lists “sleep-driving” as a side effectof prescription sleep aids.
The worker says to himself, “If I didn’t knowbetter I think I have been pink washed”.
November has arrived and we are officially inthe “Holidays”, that exciting time of theyear when we get to spend time withfamily, friends and loved ones.
Someone once said that a “small group ofdetermined individuals can change the
world”.
The good doctor’s newsletters...
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Causal Techniques
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What are the elements of a
Causal essay? Purpose
Patterns
Reasoning Errors
Ethics
Thesis and details
https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0
https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0
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Purpose What is a cause?
◦ Probes the reasons why actions, events,attitudes, and conditions exist
What is an effect?◦ Examines consequences of causes
2 purpose possibilities for a causal essay Explain historical events, natural
happenings, actions and attitudes ofindividuals and groups
Help readers anticipate theconsequences of personal actions,natural phenomena, or governmentpolicies
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Patterns Single cause produces several effects
Might discuss cause then effects or
effects then cause
I. Poor language skills
II. Body
A. Can’t keep up with required
reading
B. Can’t take adequate notes
C. Can’t write competent papers
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Patterns Several causes produce one effect
◦ Might discuss effect then causes or causes
then effect
I. Decrease in U.S. zinc production
II. BodyA. produced more cheaply abroad
B. replaced on cars by plastics, lighter
metals
C. cannot be recycled
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Patterns Causal Chain
◦
Each event is effect of preceding one and thecause of the following one
◦ Help explain how devices function and howsome social changes proceed
◦ Similar to process analyses which is
concerned with HOW events occur...causal isconcerned with WHY events occur
II. Body
A. sleep late
B. miss breakfastC. become hungry and distracted
D. perform poorly on exam
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Patterns Multiple Cause-Multiple Effect
◦ Sequence of causes and effects is too complex to fit
image of chain◦ Present causes then effects or effects then causes
Topic: accident
II. Body
A. causes of the accident1. driver ran stop sign
2. Bushes and unlit headlights impairedvision
3. Wet pavement caused skiddingB. Effects of the accident
1. missed the movie
2. Unnerved so missed classes next day
3. Other driver lost license
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Reasoning Errors
Ignoring multiple causes
An effect rarely stems from a singlecause
Mistaking chronology for causation
Don’t assume that just because oneevent followed another that the firstnecessarily caused the other(chronology)
Confusing causes and effects Pam and Paul married because they fell
in love; in reality it was an economicnecessity, and love came later.
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EthicsForcing a particular outcome by uncovering only
certain causes
Report blaming poor instruction for highstudent failure rate neglects oversized classes,socioeconomics
Carefully weighed importance of chosen causes
If a few, but not most, of the classes in theproblem school system are oversized, thenreport shouldn’t stress their significance
Discuss every important effect (even one thatdamages point)
Report emphasizing the beneficial effects of jogging must discuss potential for energy
Consequences of people acting upon essay
Call to action
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Thesis & DetailsThesis statement
Identifies the event to be explained oreffects to be considered
Explains importance of understandingthe causes or effects
Offers a summary of the major causesor effects
Details
Not just a bare-bones discussion ofcauses and effects or a list
Vivid description used
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For Tuesday 3/29… Purpose
Aziz, David, Robert, Cody
Patterns
Danny, Tony, Zach Reasoning Errors
Ashley B., Naudya, Ashley C. , Mieah
Ethics
Corrine, Pauline, Summer, Daishawna
Thesis & Details
Brittany, Kaprielle, Cambria, Cassie
Apply your assigned elements to each of the following readings. Beprepared to extensively discuss your findings with the class.
Knapp’s “Why We Keep Stuff”Mooney’s “The Science of Why We Don’t Believe Science”
Luscombe & Stinchfield’s “Why We Flirt”
*pages are listed in the syllabus