SYSTEMIC FLUORIDES

Dr. Shahzadi Tayyaba Hashmi

shahzadi@inaya.edu.sa

FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTATION

Systemic Topical

Dietary fluorides

Salt fluoride

Fluoride in sugar

Water fluoridation

School water fluoridation

Milk fluoridation

Professional application

Self application

• Water fluoridation• Milk fluoridation• Salt fluoridation• Fluoride drops• Fluoride tablets• Fluoride lozenges

SYSTEMIC FLUORIDES

• Sodium fluoride• Stannous fluoride• Acidulated phosphate fluoride• Fluoride varnish• Fluoride Dentifrice• Fluoride mouth rinse

TOPICAL FLUORIDES

1) Water Fluoridation:Definition:• Defined as ‘upward adjustment

of the concentration of fluoride

ion in a public water

supply in such a way

that the concentration of fluoride in the water may be consistently maintained at 1 ppm by weight to prevent dental caries with minimum possibility of dental fluorosis’

Optimum level of fluorides in water:• The optimum fluoride level for water is 1ppm ( parts per million)

SYSTEMIC FLUORIDES

RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION OF FLUORIDES

1) Appearance of teeth

• Teeth exposed to an optimum or slightly higher level of fluoride are clear, white, shining and without blemishes)

2) Dental caries reduction in primary and permanent teeth

3) Root caries reduction

• Life-long consumption of fluoridated water reduces the incidence of root caries by approximately 50%)

4) Malocclusion• orthodontic problems are less among children 6-14 yrs

of age living in fluoride area compared to those living in areas without the benefits of fluorides)

BENEFITS OF WATER FLUORIDATION

5) Interproximal and coronal caries reduction• (there is 95% less prevalence of interproximal

dental caries and reduction of 60% coronal caries in fluoridated communities compared to those of non-fluorinated)

6) Economy• water fluoridation is most economical in

reducing the cost of public health expenditure)

BENEFITS OF WATER FLUORIDATION

Water fluoridation is feasible only if:

• There is a municipal water supply reaching a reasonable number of homes

• People drink this water rather than from individual wells or rainwater tanks

• Suitable equipment is present• Supply of water is assured• Workers available in the water treatment plant to maintain

the system• Money should be available for initial installation and

running costs

FEASIBILITY OF WATER FLUORIDATION

• Most effective method to deliver fluoride to a target population where water fluoridation is not possible

• In this case fluoride is added to salt by spraying concentrated solutions of sodium fluoride on a conveyor belt

Advantages:• Possibility of fluorosis is minimal• Low cost• Freely available• Supply can be effectively controlled• Distribution can be easily monitored

Disadvantages:• There is now international efforts to reduce sodium intake to control

hypertension

SALT FLUORIDATION

• Milk is an excellent source of calcium and phosphorus and when fortified with vitamin D, helps in development of bones and teeth

Advantages:• Important food for children and infants

Disadvantages:• Expensive• Variation in intake and quantity of milk

MILK FLUORIDATION

• Reduces caries incidence in both permanent and deciduous dentitions

• Fluoride tablets are available as NaF tablets of 2.2 mg, o.55mg and 0.25 mg respectively

FLUORIDE TABLETS

Thank you