PRINCIPAL DEFINITIONS

SENTENCE

VERB

VERB PHRASE

GROUP OF WORDS

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

VERB VERB PHRASE

SENTENCENOUN PRONOUN

ACTION VERBS LINKING VERBS

MAIN VERBS

FLY SWIMPLAYRIDEJUMP

FEELSMELLGROW

ISSEEM

HELPING VERB + MAIN VERBMAIN VERB (ACTION VERB OR LINKING VERB)

I WILL BE A TEACHER

WILL (HELPING VERB) BE (MAIN VERB)

My mother´s friend loves to her husband.

The dog is running in the park.

They can preparate roasted chicken easily.

EXAMPLES

SUBJECT

NOUN

PREDICATE

VERB

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

VERB PHRASE

HV M V

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

VERB PHRASEM VHVPRONOU

N

NOUN

INFLECTION FORMS “S”-” “ED”-”ING”

Indicate TENSE, PERSON AND NUMBER.

Indicates present tense in third persons singular concord with a subject.

indicates the PAST TENSE.Here we Change a verb from present to past tense

(walk- walked)

INFLECTIONS

THE INFLECTIONS “S”, ES, IES”

THE INFLECION

S “D, ED, IED”

Verb endings also indicate PERSON. Recall that when we looked at nouns and pronouns, we´ll see that there are three persons, each with a singular and a plural form.

“ING”

• Take- Taking Try- TryingUse- Using

• Hit -HittingWrite - Writing

  Base Form + Inflection  

[1] She travel + s to work by train

[2] David sing + s in the choir

[3] We walk + ed five miles to a garage

[4] They cook + ed a meal for the whole family

 

An auxiliary verb ("have" + "been") and a main verb in the –ing form

Auxiliary "have" + "been" Verb (-ing) Everybody He

has been had been

working singing

hard

 

• A verb with "have" and "been" and the present participle expresses perfect continuous aspect. A verb with have/has expresses present perfect continuous, and a verb with had expresses past perfect continuous.

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Before we look at some of the possible meanings of modal auxiliary verbs we need to have some idea of what constitutes a modal in English and where they occur in a sentence. A few more examples should enable us to answer the second of these points fairly quickly and easily - the modals are in bold:

1. He should be here by now.

2. I could swim quite well when I was younger.

3. You mustn't blame yourself for this.

4. You might have discussed it with me first.

5. You can't be serious!

6. Could you open the window please?

7. Must you make so much noise?

8. She had to take her brother along with her.

9. We ought to be going.

• It should be clear from these examples that the modal verb occupies the first position in verb phrase, coming before any other auxiliary verb (like have or be) and the main lexical verb.

• The subject of the sentence has no effect on the form of the modal since almost in all cases they do not change at all.

• A modal verb (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would) and a main verb:

Modal Verb Main verb They He

will might

come. come.

 

THE VERBS PHRASE IN ENGLISH HAS THE FALLOWING FORMS:

Number 1 A main verb

Verb

We are here

I like it

Everybody saw the accident

We laughed

The verb may be in present tense (are-like) or the past tense (saw-laughed)

A verb phrase with only a main verb expresses simple aspect.

Number 2 An auxiliary verb (“be”) and a main verb in –ing form

Auxiliary be Verb (-ing)

Everybody is watching

We were laughing

A verb phrase with “be” and -ing expresses continuos aspect.

Number 3 An auxiliary verb (“have”) and a main verb with past participle.

Auxiliary have Verb (Past participle)

They have enjoyed themselves

Everybody has worked hard

He had finished work

The verb with “have” and the past participle expresses perfect aspect.

A verb with have/has expresses present perfect.

And a verb with had expresses past perfect.

Can be used as the main phrase of sentence.

FINITE VERB PHRASE

I have been thinking about that book.

A finite verb phrase can have differen forms:

TENSE FORM VOICE

PAST PERFECT ACTIVEPRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

Finite verb phrase to indicate past or present tense:

EXAMPLE

The bird flew toward the mountain.

The bird flies toward the mountain.

(Past tense)

(Present tense)

Finite verb phrase to indicate perfect or continuous form:

EXAMPLE

The bird has flown toward the mountain.

The bird was flying toward the mountain.

Perfect tense

Continuous tense

Finite verb phrase can be use i active or passive voice:

EXAMPLE

They saw a bird flying.

A flying bird was seen by there.

(Active voice)

(Passive voice)

Can be an infinitive, gerund or participle.

NON-FINITE VERB PHRASE

My sisters likes to play the violen

Infinitive verb phrase

An infinitive phrase starts with an infinitive followed by objects and modifiers.

It can also start with an infinitive followed by objects or modifiers.

An infinitive verb phrase begins with the word “to”.

INFINITIVE PHRASE

Consist of a gerund, objects and modifiers.

It sometimes consists of a gerund,objects and modifiers.

A gerund phrase contains a verb ending with –ing and function as a noun in a sentence.

GERUND PHRASE

She enjoyed singing in the concert.Gerund phrase

Consist or present or past or perfect participle and object and modifiers.

It may sometime consist of present or past or perfect participle and objects or modifiers.

A princiapl phrase is used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns.

PARTICIPIAL PHRASE

The barking dogs were chased away.Participial phrase

TENSES AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Present Simple The traditional pubs in London close at 10 pm every day.

Present Continuos The traditional pubs in London are closing by the bankruptcy.

Present Perfect The traditional pubs in London have closed by the bankruptcy.

Present Perfect Continuos

The traditional pubs in Londond have been closing by the bankruptcy.

Simple Past The traditional pubs in London closed by the bankruptcy.

Past Perfect The traditional pubs in London had closed.

type affirmative sentence

Past continuous The traditional pubs in London were closing by the bankruptcy.

Past perfect continuous The traditional pubs in London had been closing by the bankruptcy.

Future The traditional pubs in London will close by the bankruptcy.

Future perfect The most beautifull traditional pubs in London will have closed by the bankruptcy.

future continuous The traditional pubs in London will be closing by the bankruptcy. future perfect continuous The traditional pubs in London will have been

closing by the bankruptcy.

PHRASAL VERBS

• Break down: His car broke down

• Break up: Josselyn and Diego have broken up their relationship.

• Bring back: Bring me my CDS back, please.

• Call of: The match was calle off.

• Come back: He´ll come back tomorrow.

• Get out: You´re not welcome get out here.

• Get by: It´s difficuly to get by with a dollar.

• Get on with: I get on very well with everyone.

• Hang out: She hangs out with friends in the bar.

• Keep on: Keep on persevering.

• Take off: Take off the scarf.

• Try on: Try on the t-shirt