Review and Rating Discharge Measurements David S. Mueller Office of Surface Water March 2010.
Synoptic Discharge, Water-Property, and pH Measurements ...
Transcript of Synoptic Discharge, Water-Property, and pH Measurements ...
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5237
Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Synoptic Discharge, Water-Property, and pH Measurements for Muddy River Springs Area and Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001
Synoptic Discharge, Water-Property, and pH Measurements for Muddy River Springs Area and Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001
By David A. Beck and Jon W. Wilson
Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Serviceand the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5237
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the InteriorDIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary
U.S. Geological SurveyMark D. Myers, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Carson City, Nevada: 2006
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Suggested citation:Beck, D.A., and Wilson, J.W., 2006, Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements for Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5237, 12 p. Available at <http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2006-5237>.
iii
Contents
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 1Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 1Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................................................. 1
Description of Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 2Discharge Measurements ........................................................................................................................... 3
Evaluation of Discharge Measurements ......................................................................................... 4Muddy River Springs Area ........................................................................................................ 4Muddy River ................................................................................................................................. 5
Water-Property and pH Measurements......................................................................................... 10Summary....................................................................................................................................................... 11References Cited......................................................................................................................................... 12
Figures1. Map showing location of study area ............................................................................................ 22. Map showing location of discharge-measurement sites and tributary springs
to the Muddy River .......................................................................................................................... 33. Map showing location of discharge-measurement sites along the mainstem
of the Muddy River .......................................................................................................................... 44. Graph showing comparison of discharge measurements in the Muddy River
Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River and Moapa, Nevada, September 1963 and February 2001 ............................................................................................................................ 9
5. Graph showing mean discharge at selected sites in the Muddy River Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River, Nevada, September 10–12, 1963—February 7, 2001 .. 10
6. Graph showing water-temperature and specific-conductance measurements at selected sites in the Muddy River Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001 ............................................................................................................. 11
Tables1. Discharge and water-property measurements in the Muddy River Springs area
near Moapa, Nevada, September 1969 and February 2001 ..................................................... 62. Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements in the mainstem
of the Muddy River, February 7, 2001 ........................................................................................... 83. Maximum, minimum, and percent difference of discharge and stage
measurements collected in the mainstem of the Muddy River, February 7, 2001 ................. 9
iv
Conversion Factors and Datums
Multiply By To obtain
cubicfootpersecond(ft³/s) 0.02832 cubicmeterpersecond(m³/s)
foot(ft) 0.3048 meter(m)
inch(in.) 25.4 millimeter(mm)
mile(mi) 1.609 kilometer(km)
mileperhour(mi/h) 1.609 kilometerperhour(km/h)
squaremile(mi²) 2.590 squarekilometer(km²)
Temperature: Degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the formula °F = (1.8 x °C) + 32.
Discharge or flow: The rate that matter passes through a cross section of a stream channel or other water body per unit of time. The term commonly refers to the volume of water (including, unless otherwise stated, any sediment or other constituents suspended or dissolved in the water) that passes a cross section in a stream channel, flume, weir, canal, pipeline, etc., within a given period of time (cubic feet per second).
Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25°C).
Sea level: In this report, “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1988 (NGVD of 1988, formerly called “Sea-level Datum of 1988”), which is derived from a general adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the United States and Canada.
Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) unless otherwise stated.
AbstractOnFebruary7,2001,synopticdischargemeasurements
atselectedsitesalongtheMuddyRiverinNevada,indicatedthreetrendsindischargeresultingfromcontributionsofspringdischarge,influencesofdiversionaryflow,andcontributionsfromshallowgroundwater.Effectsfromdiversionaryandtributaryflowwerelocalinnatureandresultedinanetgainof2.6cubicfeetpersecondthroughoutthemeasuredreach.Theminorincreaseindischargemaybetheresultofcontributionsfromground-waterflowandmeasurementerror.Comparisonof1963and2001dischargemeasurementswithintheMuddyRiverSpringsareaindicatedthatdischargeratesandtrendsfromthesesourcewatersweresimilar.AlongthemainstemoftheMuddyRiver,water-temperaturemeasurementsindicatedanetdecreaseof8.8degreesCelsius.Watersamplescollectedandanalyzedforspecificconductanceindicatedanetincreaseof390microsiemenspercentimeterat25degreesCelsius,whereaspHmeasurementsremainedrelativelyconstant.
IntroductionThisreportcontainsanexaminationofdischarge,water
property,andpHdatacollectedintheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandMuddyRiveronFebruary7,2001.MuddyRiveroriginatesfromnumerousseepsandspringsatthenorthwestcornerofMoapaValley,andflowsinasoutheastdirectiondischargingintoLakeMead(fig.1).TheMuddyRiverSpringsareaisdefinedastheterminaldischargepointoftheWhiteRiverground-waterflowsystem(Eakin,1966),whichispartoftheRegionalCarbonate-RockProvincethatencompassesabout100,000mi²ofeasternNevada,westernUtah,andpartsofsoutheasternIdahoandCalifornia(Harrillandothers,1983;fig.1).TheriparianhabitatwithintheMuddyRiverareacon-tainsdiversewildlife,includingtheendangeredMoapadace(Moapa coriacea).
TheNevadaStateEngineer’sOfficeisconsideringappli-cationstodevelopground-waterresourcesneartheMuddyRiveranditssourcewaters.Resourcemanagersareconcerned
aboutthepotentialeffectsoftheseproposedwithdrawalsontheMoapaValleyNationalWildlifeRefugeandotherriparianecosystemsandspring-dischargeareasadjacenttotheriver.
ThisstudyislimitedtotheMuddyRiverSpringsarea(fig.2)andtotheupper18-milereachoftheMuddyRiverendingjustsouthofOverton,Nev.(fig.3).Forthepurposesofthisreport,sitenamesinthetexthavebeenabbreviated,butarelistedintables1and2.AllreferencestotheMuddyRiverSpringsareaaredefinedasthatpartofthevalleyupstreamoftheU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)surface-watergagingstation,MRMoapa(site09416000).ReferencestotheMuddyRiverindicatetheriverbetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andtheSouthernNevadaWaterAuthority(SNWA)surface-watergagingstation,MRatLewisAve.(site09419507).
Thisinvestigationwasdeveloped,incooperationwiththeNationalParkServiceandtheU.S.FishandWildlifeService,toprovidemeasureddischarge,watertemperature,specificconductance,andpHatmultiplesiteswithintheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandtheMuddyRiver.
Acknowledgments
TheauthorsacknowledgetheBureauofIndianAffairs,theNatureConservancy,SouthernNevadaWaterAuthority,NevadaDivisionofWaterResources,MoapaValleyWaterDistrict,NevadaPowerCompany,andtheMoapaBandofPaiutes-Tribalfortheirparticipationinthiseffort.
Purpose and Scope
Thepurposeofthisreportistopresentsynopticmeasure-mentscollectedwithintheMuddySpringsareaandalongtheMuddyRiver,andtocharacterizechangesindischargewithintheseareas.DatacollectedonFebruary7,2001,includemeasurementsofdischarge,watertemperature,andspecificconductancefrom15siteswithintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea;measurementsofdischarge,watertemperature,specificconductance,andpHfrom14sitesalongtheMuddyRiver;anddischargemeasurementsfrom1municipaland4agricul-turaldiversions.
Synoptic Discharge, Water-Property, and pH Measurements for Muddy River Springs Area and Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001
By David A. Beck and Jon W. Wilson
Discharge,water-property,andpHdatawerecollectedduringaperiodofminimalevapotranspiration,andmunicipalandagriculturaldiversions.Anevaluationofchangesinthesedatahelpsto:(1)assesssurface-waterandground-waterinter-actionand(2)accountforlossesorgainsofriverdischargewithinthespringandriverareas.
Description of Study AreaThelocationofthestudyareaisconsideredtheterminal
drainageareaoftheWhiteRiverground-waterflowsystem(Eakin,1966),locatedwithintheRegionalCarbonate-Rock
Province(fig.1).TheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandtheMuddyRiverareboundedbytheMeadowValleyMountainstothenorth,theMormanMountainstothenortheast,theMuddyMountainstothesouth,andArrowCanyonRangetothewest(fig.1).
TheMuddyRiveroriginatesfromasystemofspringtributariesdescribedbyEakin(1964),whichareclusteredalongthenortheastslopeofArrowCanyonRange(fig.2).Thesetributariesgenerallyconsistofwarm-waterspringsandseepsthatemanatefromalluvialdeposits,occuringnearsur-faceexposuresofcarbonaterocks.ThesespringsandseepsdischargeintothemainstemoftheMuddyRiverthroughthreespringtributariesthatincludeSouthForkMuddyRiver,MuddySpringsTributary,andRefugeStream
EXPLANATION
UT
CA
NV
ID
AZ
AREA OF STUDY
White River Ground-Water Flow System
Regional Carbonate-Rock Province
Location of springs (Note: Tail indicates general direction of flow)
0 2010 Kilometers
0 105 Miles
Muddy River
Muddy RiverSprings area
M O R M A N M O U N T A I N S
MU
DD
Y M
OU
NT
AIN
S
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:100,000, 1978-1989; Universal TransverseMercator projection, Zone 11. Shaded relief base from 1:250,000-scale Digital ElevationModel; sun illumination from northwest at 30 degrees avove horizon100,000-foot grid based on Nevada State Plane coordinate system, central zone.
115°0' 114°45' 114°30' 114°15'
36°30'
36°45'
37°0
LINCOLN COUNTY
CLARK COUNTY
AR
RO
WC
AN
YO
NR
AN
GE
MEA
DOW
VALLEY
MOUNTAIN
S
Virgin Rive
r
Lake Mead
Figure 1. Location of study area.
2 Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
(fig.2).StreamsintheMuddyRiverSpringsareatypicallyaremeandering,shallowchannelsconsistingmainlyofmudandorganicdebris.MostbanksarethicklyovergrownbySaltcedar(Tamarix ramosissima),cattails(Typha latifolia),andreeds(Phragmites communis).
ManyirrigationdiversionsandditchespreviouslyexistedintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea.MostoftheditcheshavebeenabandonedwiththeexceptionofchannelsnearCardyLambSpringsandUnnamedSpringsnearLDSEastWell(fig.2).
TheMuddyRiverflowsthroughfourfarmingcommuni-ties(Moapa,Glendale,Logandale,andOverton)andthroughthenortheastcorneroftheMoapaRiverIndianReservationdrainingabout6,940mi²(fig.3).DiversionsfromtheMuddyRiverprimarilyareusedtoirrigatenearbyfarmlandandtosupplywaterfortheReidGardnerPowerGeneratingStationandMoapaValleyDairy(fig.3).TheMuddyRiverisincisedmoderately(about20ftdeep),withthechannelconsistingofmud,sand,gravel,andorganicdebris.MostbanksoftheriverareovergrownthicklywithSaltcedarandothervegetation.
CaliforniaWashandMeadowValleyWashsystemscontributesurfacewatertotheMuddyRiverduringperiodsofheavyrainfall.ThesetwosystemsentertheMuddyRivernearthetownsofMoapaandGlendale,respectively(fig.3).
Discharge MeasurementsData-collectionsiteswereselectedtomatchlocations
ofpreviousmeasurements(asindicatedinearlierreports),andtodocumentchangesindischargeatpointsofinflowanddiversion.Furthermore,measurementswerecollectedduringaperiodofexpectedminimalevapotranspirationandsteadybaseflowtoconstrainhumanandnaturalinfluencesonstreamflow.
Withtheexceptionofseveralflumesites,alldischargemeasurementsweremadewithacurrentmeterusingstandardmethodsoftheUSGS(BuchananandSomers,1969).AnaveragedischargeforeachsitewascomputedfromsynopticmeasurementsmadeateachsiteintheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandthemainstemoftheMuddyRiverandarelistedin
114°44'24" 114°43'48" 114°43'12" 114°42'36" 114°42'0"
36°42'36"
36°43'12"
36°43'48"
09416000
Cardy Lamb Springs
Baldwin Springs
Apcar (Pipeline Jones) Springs
Pederson Springs
Plummer (Iverson) Springs
Unnamed Springs near LDS East Well
Refuge Stream
09415875
09415880
0941590009415885
0941590509415906
09415940
09415920
364236114424301
09415927
09415945
09415930
09415955 364240114414001
364241114424801
MOAPA VALLEY NATIONALWILDLIFEREFUGE
South Fork Muddy River
Muddy Springs Tributary
0 10.5 Kilometers
0 0.50.25 Miles
Muddy Springs
Muddy River
Muddy River
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:100,000, 1978-1989; Universal TransverseMercator projection, Zone 11. Shaded relief base from 1:250,000-scale Digital ElevationModel; sun illumination from northwest at 30 degrees avove horizon100,000-foot grid based on Nevada State Plane coordinate system, central zone.
NEVADA
Study area
EXPLANATION
Discharge-measurement sites (numbers refer to table 1).Muddy River (mainstem)
Tributary springs
Irrigation diversion
Figure 2. Location of discharge-measurement sites and tributary springs to the Muddy River.
Discharge Measurements �
tables1and2,respectively.DischargemeasurementsmadewithintheMuddyRiverSpringsareawereratedfairorgood(within5percentor8percentofactualflow,respectively),anddischargemeasurementsmadeintheMuddyRiverwereallratedgood(within5percentofactualflow).Dischargeratingsarebasedonestimatesofthestandarderrorforeachcurrent-meterdischargemeasurement(SauerandMeyer,1992).
Staffgageswereinstalledatselectedsitesandusedtomonitorchangesinwaterstageduringperiodsofdatacol-lection.Stageatmostsitesremainedsteady(withinafewhundredthsofafoot)duringthemeasurementperiodasdocu-mentedbyfieldobservations.Stagewasunsteadyatseveralsites,andisdiscussedlaterinthisreport.
Evaluation of Discharge Measurements
MeasurementsofdischargeontheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandthemainstemoftheMuddyRiverarediscussedinthefollowingsections.MeasurementsonFebruary7,2001,in
theMuddyRiverSpringsarearangefromaminimumaveragedischargeof2.39ft³/satWSEast(site364236114424301)toamaximumaveragedischargeof41.8ft³/satMRbelowRefuge(site09415955;table1).MeasurementsfromsitesalongthemainstemoftheMuddyRiverrangefromaminimumaver-agedischargeof32.2ft³/satMRatNarrows(site09416500)toamaximumaveragedischargeof41.3ft³/satMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490;table2).Acomparisonofdis-chargesshowsanetincreaseof2.6ft³/sbetweentheterminousofthespringtributarieswithinMuddyRiverSpringsarea(MRbelowRefuge,site09415955)andthesiteupstreamoftheflowdiversionintoBowmanReservoir(MRbelowAndersonWash,site09419490;fig.3).
Muddy River Springs AreaDischargemeasurementsweremadeat15siteswithin
theMuddyRiverSpringsarea.Includedarethreemajortribu-taries—SouthForkMuddyRiver,MuddySpringsTributary,
!
!
!
!
!
!
114°42' 114°36' 114°30' 114°24'
36°30'
36°36'
36°42'
MOAPA INDIAN RESERVATIONBOUNDARY(approximately located)
09416000
09416500364102114405901
09417000
36392211438200109417380
09417380
09417390
0941889009418900
09419000
09419490 363715114295501
09419507
Power Plant
Dairy
Glendale
Logandale
Overton
M O R M A N
M O U N T A I N S
M O R M A N
M E S A
Moapa
MOAPA
VALLEY
MOAPA
VALLEY
ARROW CAN
YON
RANGE
Californ
ia Wash
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:100,000, 1978-1989; Universal TransverseMercator projection, Zone 11. Shaded relief base from 1:250,000-scale Digital ElevationModel; sun illumination from northwest at 30 degrees above horizon100,000-foot grid based on Nevada State Plane coordinate system, central zone.
PD
Muddy
River
Muddy River
Lake Mead
MU
DD
YM
OU
NTA
INS
BowmanReservoir
Meadow
Valley Wash
0 4 82 6 KILOMETERS
0 2 3 41 MILES
EXPLANATION
River discharge measurement sites (numbers refer to table 2).
Diversion discharge measurement sites (numbers refer to table 2).
NEVADA
Study area
I5
Figure �. Location of discharge-measurement sites along the mainstem of the Muddy River.
� Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
andRefugeStream—andfivesitesalongthemainstemoftheMuddyRiver(fig.2,table1).
Anaverageoftwodischargemeasurementspersiteweremadebetween9a.m.and3p.m.onFebruary7,2001.Measurementsweremadeusingstandardmethodsdescribedabovewiththeexceptionofdischargevaluesobtainedfromthreeflumesites:BaldwinSprings(site09415875),MSatLDS(site09415900),andWSWest(site09415920).Atthesesites,dischargewascomputedusingmeasureddepthsofwaterwithinflumestructuresandstandardflumeratings(Rantzandothers,1982).
Anetincreaseof26.2ft³/soccurredbetweenMRbelowUpperConfluence(site09415880)andMRbelowRefuge(site09415955;fig.2).FlowsfromMuddySpringsTributaryandRefugeStreamaccountedforapproximately16ft³/s(about60percent)ofthisincreaseindischarge.
Elevensitesfromtable1,includingMRMoapa(site09416000),wereavailabletocomparedischargemeasurementsfromFebruary2001tomeasurementsfromSeptember10–12,1963(Eakin,1964).Graphicalcomparisonof1963and2001dischargemeasurementsareshowninfigure4.Maximumdifferencesbetween1963and2001measure-mentsarewithinthemainstemoftheMuddyRiverandrangebetween1.9ft³/sand4.2ft³/s.Differenceswithinthespring-tributarysiteswerelessthan1ft³/swiththeexceptionofRefugeStreamaboveConfluence(site09415930)whichhadadifferenceof-1.3ft³/s(table1).Minimumdifferencesindischargemeasurementsmadebetween1963and2001were-0.08ft³/sand0.04ft³/satMSatLDS(site09415900)andWSWest(site09415920)intheRefugeStream,respectively.Dischargemeasurementsmadein1963remainedaboutthesamebetweenMRbelowRefuge(site09415955)andMRMoapa(site09416000)withdischargevaluesof43.7ft³/sand42.8ft³/s,respectively;however,in2001,dischargebetweenthesamesitesdecreasedby3.2ft³/s,afteraccountingforMRPowerDiversion(fig.4).Thisvalueisbasedonthediffer-encebetween41.8ft³/smeasuredatMRbelowRefuge(site09415955)andadischargeof35.5ft³/smeasuredatMRMoapa(site09416000)combinedwith3.10ft³/satMRPowerDiversion(site09415950).
Muddy RiverOnFebruary7,2001,dischargemeasurementswere
madeat11sitesdownstreamofandincludingMRMoapa(site09416000),andatthreediversions(fig.3;table2).
Twelveofthemeasurementsites(upstreamofLogan-daleDiversion,site363715114295501)areupstreamofBowmanReservoir,whereamajorityofflowwasdivertedduringthestudyperiod(fig.3).SixdischargemeasurementsweremadeatmostsitesontheMuddyRiverbetween9a.m.and3p.m.onFebruary7,2001.Dischargemeasurementsalsowerecollectedatthreeirrigationdiversions(MoapaIndianDiversion,site364102114405901;DairyDiver-sion,site363922114382001;andLogandaleDiversion,site363715114295501).Waterpumpedfromtheriverat
MRPowerDiversion(site09415950)wasdeterminedfromhourlyobservationsoftheflowmeteronthetransmissionpipe(table2).
Anirrigation-diversiongatewasopenedupstreamofMRatNarrows(site09416500)duringthetimeofdatacollec-tion.Approximately12percentofthetotalflowwasdivertedfromtheriverbasedonmeasurementsmadeatMoapaIndianDiversion(site364102114405901)andMRatNarrows(site09416500).Thisdiversionofflowisbelievedtohavetem-porarilyaffecteddischargemeasurementsatMRatRailroad(site09417000),MRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270),MRbelowCaliforniaWash(site09417380),andMRaboveMeadowValleyWash(site09417390).Differencesbetweenmaximumandminimumdischargemeasurementsatthesesitesrangedfrom11to14percent(table3).Althoughtheindividualdischargemeasurementsatthesesitesareratedgood,thecomputedaveragedischargesarenotconsideredtoaccuratelyrepresentbaseflowconditionsaswellasaveragemeasurementsfortheothersites.Theseaveragedischargesareincludedinthisreporttohelpapproximatechangesindischargeandtrendswithintheaffectedreachoftheriver.ThediversionofwaterupstreamofMRatWhiteNarrows(site09416500)isnotconsideredtohaveaffectedsitesatandbelowMRatI-15(site09418890)duringtheperiodofdatacollection.
DischargemeasurementsinFebruary2001alongtheMuddyRivershowthreetrends(fig.5).BetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270),measureddischargeindicatedanapproximatenetdecreaseof3ft³/s.DivertedwaterbetweenthissectionoftheMuddyRivertotaled6.0ft³/s;however,onthedayofthemeasurements,mostoftheflowdivertedbytheDairyDiver-sion(site363922114382001,1.5ft³/s),dischargeddirectlybacktotheriverjustupstreamofMRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270).
BetweenMRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270)andMRatI-15(site09418890),measureddischargeindicatedanapproximatenetincreaseof6.2ft³/s,whichis0.2ft³/smorethanthesumofallupstreamdivertedflows,excludingwaterusedbyNevadaPowerCompany,whichwasnotreturnedtotheriver.Finally,dischargemeasurementsmadebetweenMRatI-15(site09418890)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)hadanincreaseof2.6ft³/s.
DischargemeasuredatMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)isequivalentnearlytothedischargeobtainedattheoutflowofspringsintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea(atMRbelowRefuge,site09415955)withvaluesof41.3ft³/sand41.8ft³/s,respectively.Because3.10ft³/swasdivertedatMuddyRiverPowerDiversion(site09415950)andwasnotreturnedtotheriver,flowdownstreamofthisdiversionfromtheMuddyRiverSpringsareawas38.7ft³/s(41.8ft³/sminus3.10ft³/s).Bytakingthediversionintoaccount,thenetchangeindischargebetweentheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)isanincreaseof2.6ft³/s.Themaximumcomputederrorforthedischargemeasurementsmadeatthetwositesisabout4.2ft³/s,whichis
Discharge Measurements �
Tabl
e 1.
Di
scha
rge
and
wat
er-p
rope
rty m
easu
rem
ents
in th
e M
uddy
Riv
er S
prin
gs a
rea
near
Moa
pa, N
evad
a, S
epte
mbe
r 196
3 an
d Fe
brua
ry 2
001.
[Site
alti
tude
inf
eeta
bove
mea
nse
ale
vel.
Abb
revi
atio
ns:f
t,fe
et;f
t³/s
,cub
icf
eetp
ers
econ
d;µ
S/cm
,mic
rosi
emen
spe
rce
ntim
eter
at2
5de
gree
sC
elsi
us;°
C,d
egre
esC
elsi
us]
Site
nu
mbe
rSi
te n
ame
Abb
revi
ated
na
me
Latit
ude
Long
itude
Site
altit
ude,
in
ft
Dis
char
geSp
ecifi
c
cond
ucta
nce
Wat
er
tem
pera
ture
,2/
7/20
01in
°C
Aver
age
Diffe
renc
e,�
in ft
³/s
field
9/10
–12
/196
�,�
in µ
S/cm
labo
rato
ry2/
7/20
01,�
in µ
S/cm
9/10
–12
/196
�,1
in ft
³/s
2/7/
2001
,2
in ft
³/s
Sout
h Fo
rk M
uddy
Riv
er09
4158
75B
aldw
inS
prin
gsF
lum
ene
ar
Moa
paB
aldw
inS
prin
gs36
°43'
16"
114°
43'1
4"1,
770
NA
4.11
NA
NA
977
27
Mud
dy S
prin
gs T
ribut
ary
0941
5900
Mud
dyS
prin
gat
LD
SFa
rm
near
Moa
paM
Sat
LD
S36
°43'
18"
114°
42'5
3"1,
745
7.25
7.17
[-0.
08]
NA
974
27
0941
5905
Mud
dyS
prin
gsT
ribu
tary
ab
ove
Con
flue
nce
with
M
uddy
Riv
ern
ear
Moa
pa
MS
Tri
buta
ry36
°43'
00"
114°
42'4
5"1,
760
8.32
9.16
0.84
N
A99
9N
A
Refu
ge S
tream
0941
5940
Apc
arS
trea
ma
tPip
elin
eJo
nes
Flum
ene
arM
oapa
Apc
ara
tPJF
36°4
2'51
"11
4°42
'50"
1,73
5N
A2.
54
NA
NA
1,01
0N
A
0941
5945
Apc
arS
trea
ma
bove
Con
flu-
ence
with
Ref
uge
Stre
am
near
Moa
pa
Apc
ara
bove
C
onfl
uenc
e36
°42'
46"
114°
42'3
2"1,
770
2.94
3.86
0.
92
1,16
01,
060
NA
0941
5920
War
mS
prin
gsW
estn
ear
Moa
paW
SW
est
36°4
2'41
"11
4°42
'48"
1,77
03.
783.
82
0.04
N
A96
927
3642
3611
4424
301
War
mS
prin
gsE
ast(
Plum
mer
M
ain)
nea
rM
oapa
WS
Eas
t36
°42'
36"
114°
42'4
3"1,
750
2.26
2.39
0.
13
1,04
01,
000
27
0941
5927
War
mS
prin
gsC
onfl
uenc
eat
Iv
erso
nFl
ume
near
Moa
paW
SC
onfl
uenc
e36
°42'
41"
114°
42'3
2"1,
745
NA
8.00
N
AN
A1,
000
NA
0941
5930
Ref
uge
Stre
ama
bove
Con
flu-
ence
with
Apc
arS
trea
m
near
Moa
pa
Ref
uge
Stre
am
abov
e
Con
flue
nce
36°4
2'42
"11
4°42
'30"
1,77
08.
377.
04
[-1.
33]
1,05
01,
000
NA
3642
4111
4424
801
War
mS
prin
gsI
rrig
atio
nD
iver
-si
onb
elow
War
mS
prin
gs
Roa
dne
arM
oapa
WS
Div
ersi
on36
°42'
41"
114°
42'4
8"1,
770
(0.7
4)(1
.13)
0.39
1,
050
NA
NA
6 Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
Tabl
e 1.
Di
scha
rge
and
wat
er-p
rope
rty m
easu
rem
ents
in th
e M
uddy
Riv
er S
prin
gs a
rea
near
Moa
pa, N
evad
a, S
epte
mbe
r 196
3 an
d Fe
brua
ry 2
001—
Cont
inue
d.
[Site
alti
tude
inf
eeta
bove
mea
nse
ale
vel.
Abb
revi
atio
ns:f
t,fe
et;f
t³/s
,cub
icf
eetp
ers
econ
d;µ
S/cm
,mic
rosi
emen
spe
rce
ntim
eter
at2
5de
gree
sC
elsi
us;°
C,d
egre
esC
elsi
us]
Site
nu
mbe
rSi
te n
ame
Abb
revi
ated
na
me
Latit
ude
Long
itude
Site
altit
ude,
in
ft
Dis
char
geSp
ecifi
c
cond
ucta
nce
Wat
er
tem
pera
ture
,2/
7/20
01in
°C
Aver
age
Diffe
renc
e,�
in ft
³/s
field
9/10
–12
/196
�,�
in µ
S/cm
labo
rato
ry2/
7/20
01,�
in µ
S/cm
9/10
–12
/196
�,1
in ft
³/s
2/7/
2001
,2
in ft
³/s
Mai
nste
m—
Mud
dy R
iver
0941
5880
Mud
dyR
iver
bel
owN
orth
and
So
uth
Fork
Con
flue
nce
near
M
oapa
MR
bel
owU
pper
C
onfl
uenc
e36
°43'
23"
114°
42'5
4"1,
755
NA
15.6
NA
NA
989
26
0941
5885
Mud
dyR
iver
nea
rL
DS
Fa
rmn
ear
Moa
paM
Rn
ear
LD
S36
°43'
14"
114°
42'5
2"1,
750
19.5
16.0
[-3.
5]1,
290
988
26
0941
5906
Mud
dyR
iver
bel
owC
onfl
u-en
cew
ithM
uddy
Spr
ings
T
ribu
tary
nea
rM
oapa
MR
bel
owS
prin
gC
onfl
uenc
e36
°42'
59"
114°
42'4
2"1,
745
31.8
28.0
[-3.
8]1,
190
990
NA
0941
5955
Mud
dyR
iver
bel
ow
Con
flue
nce
with
Ref
uge
Stre
amn
ear
Moa
pa
MR
bel
owR
efug
e36
°42'
51"
114°
42'1
3"1,
730
43.7
41.8
[-1.
9]1,
120
1,00
0N
A
0941
5950
Mud
dyR
iver
Pow
er
Div
ersi
onn
ear
Moa
paM
RP
ower
D
iver
sion
36°4
2'40
"11
4°41
'40"
1,71
0N
A(3
.10)
NA
NA
NA
NA
0941
6000
Mud
dyR
iver
nea
rM
oapa
6M
RM
oapa
36°4
2'40
"11
4°41
'40"
1,71
042
.835
.5
[-4.
20]7
NA
1,01
026
1 Dis
char
gem
easu
rem
ents
mad
eby
the
U.S
.Geo
logi
calS
urve
ydu
ring
Sep
tem
ber
10–1
2,1
963.
Av
alue
inp
aren
thes
esd
enot
esd
iver
ted
disc
harg
e.2 D
isch
arge
ism
ean
ofm
ultip
lein
stan
tane
ous
disc
harg
em
easu
rem
ents
mad
eat
eac
hsi
te.A
val
uein
par
enth
eses
den
otes
div
erte
ddi
scha
rge.
3 Dif
fere
nce
ise
xpre
ssed
as
the
resu
ltof
the
1963
dis
char
gev
alue
min
usth
e20
01d
isch
arge
val
ue.V
alue
inb
rack
ets
deno
tes
alo
ssin
dis
char
ge.
4 Spe
cifi
c-co
nduc
tanc
em
easu
rem
ents
mad
ein
the
fiel
d,S
epte
mbe
r10
–12,
196
3.5 S
peci
fic-
cond
ucta
nce
mea
sure
men
tsm
ade
inth
eU
.S.G
eolo
gica
lSur
vey
labo
rato
ryin
Hen
ders
on,N
ev.,
Febr
uary
8,2
001.
6 Riv
ers
iteis
not
par
tof
Mud
dyR
iver
Spr
ings
are
a,b
utis
incl
uded
inta
ble
for
com
pari
son
with
196
3m
easu
rem
ents
.7 D
iffe
renc
eis
200
1di
scha
rge
valu
esf
orM
RM
oapa
and
MR
pow
erd
iver
sion
min
us1
963
disc
harg
eva
lue
for
MR
Moa
pa.
Discharge Measurements 7
Tabl
e 2.
Sy
nopt
ic d
isch
arge
, wat
er-p
rope
rty, a
nd p
H m
easu
rem
ents
in th
e m
ains
tem
of t
he M
uddy
Riv
er, F
ebru
ary
7, 2
001.
[Site
alti
tude
inf
eeta
bove
mea
nse
ale
vel.
Abb
revi
atio
ns:f
t,fe
et;f
t³/s
,cub
icf
eetp
ers
econ
d;µ
S/cm
,mic
rosi
emen
spe
rce
ntim
eter
at2
5de
gree
sC
elsi
us;°
C,d
egre
esC
elsi
us]
Site
num
ber
Site
nam
eA
bbre
viat
ed s
ite n
ame
Latit
ude
Long
itude
Site
altit
ude,
in ft
Aver
age
disc
harg
e,1
in ft
� /s
Spec
ific
cond
ucta
nce,
2
labo
rato
ry,
in µ
S/cm
Wat
er
tem
pera
ture
,in
°C
pH,�
field
, in
st
anda
rd
units
0941
6000
Mud
dyR
iver
nea
rM
oapa
MR
Moa
pa36
°42'
40"
114°
41'4
0"1,
710
35.5
1,
010
26.0
8.2
3641
0211
4405
901
Moa
paI
ndia
nR
eser
vatio
nIr
riga
tion
Div
ersi
on(
nort
hga
ge)
atW
hite
N
arro
ws
near
Moa
pa
Moa
paI
ndia
nD
iver
sion
36°4
1'02
"11
4°40
'59"
1,67
5(4
.50)
NA
NA
NA
0941
6500
Mud
dyR
iver
atW
hite
Nar
row
sne
arM
oapa
MR
atN
arro
ws
36°4
1'02
"11
4°40
'59"
1,67
032
.2
1,02
023
.48.
4
0941
7000
Mud
dyR
iver
atR
ailr
oad
Pum
pPl
antn
ear
Moa
paM
Ra
tRai
lroa
d36
°39'
22"
114°
38'3
2"1,
585
34.1
1,
020
21.4
8.5
3639
2211
4382
001
Dai
ryI
rrig
atio
nD
iver
sion
bel
ow
Rai
lroa
dPu
mp
Plan
tnea
rM
oapa
Dai
ryD
iver
sion
36°3
9'22
"11
4°38
'20"
1,57
5(1
.50)
4N
AN
AN
A
0941
7270
Mud
dyR
iver
abo
veC
alif
orni
aW
ash
near
Moa
paM
Ra
bove
Cal
ifor
nia
Was
h36
°39'
12"
114°
36'5
2"1,
555
32.5
1,
090
20.6
8.5
0941
7380
Mud
dyR
iver
bel
owC
alif
orni
aW
ash
near
Moa
paM
Rb
elow
Cal
ifor
nia
Was
h36
°39'
21"
114°
35'5
0"1,
530
35.0
1,
150
19.6
8.4
0941
7390
Mud
dyR
iver
abo
veM
eado
wV
alle
yW
ash
near
Gle
ndal
eM
Ra
bove
Mea
dow
V
alle
yW
ash
36°3
9'33
"11
4°34
'54"
1,51
035
.6
1,26
019
.48.
4
0941
8890
Mud
dyR
iver
atI
-15
near
Gle
ndal
eM
Ra
tI-1
536
°39'
48"
114°
34'1
1"1,
500
38.7
1,
360
18.8
8.4
0941
8900
Mud
dyR
iver
nea
rL
ewis
Ran
chn
ear
Gle
ndal
eM
Rn
ear
Lew
isR
anch
36°3
9'10
"11
4°33
'20"
1,49
039
.3
1,38
018
.28.
4
0941
9000
Mud
dyR
iver
nea
rG
lend
ale
MR
nea
rG
lend
ale
36°3
8'35
"11
4°32
'20"
1,46
037
.4
1,38
017
.88.
3
0941
9490
Mud
dyR
iver
bel
owA
nder
son
Was
hne
arL
ogan
dale
MR
bel
owA
nder
son
Was
h36
°37'
26"
114°
30'2
9"1,
430
41.3
1,
400
17.2
8.4
3637
1511
4295
501
Irri
gatio
nD
iver
sion
nea
rL
ogan
dale
Log
anda
leD
iver
sion
36°3
7'15
"11
4°29
'55"
1,38
0(5
.00)
NA
NA
NA
0941
9507
Mud
dyR
iver
atL
ewis
Ave
nue
at
Ove
rton
MR
atL
ewis
Ave
.36
°32'
07"
114°
25'4
2"1,
250
4.17
3,
390
10.7
8.0
1 Dis
char
geis
mea
nof
mul
tiple
inst
anta
neou
sm
easu
rem
ents
mad
eat
site
on
Febr
uary
7,2
001.
Av
alue
inp
aren
thes
esd
enot
esd
iver
ted
disc
harg
e.
2 Spe
cifi
c-co
nduc
tanc
em
easu
rem
ents
mad
ein
the
U.S
.Geo
logi
calS
urve
yla
bora
tory
inH
ende
rson
,Nev
.,Fe
brua
ry8
,200
1.
3 Fie
ldp
Hm
easu
rem
ents
mad
eby
Nat
iona
lPar
kSe
rvic
e.
4 Dis
char
gem
easu
rem
entm
ade
onF
ebru
ary
6,2
001.
� Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
Figure �. Comparison of discharge measurements in the Muddy River Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River and Moapa, Nevada, September 1963 and February 2001.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
DIS
CHA
RGE,
INCU
BIC
FEET
PER
SECO
ND
September 10–12, 1963
February 7, 2001
0941
5900
Mud
dyS
prin
gat
LDS
Farm
0941
5905
Mud
dyS
prin
gsTr
ibut
ary
0941
5920
War
mS
prin
gsW
est
3642
3611
4424
301
War
mS
prin
gsE
ast
3642
4111
4424
801
War
mS
prin
gs
0941
5930
Ref
uge
Stre
amab
ove
Con
fluen
cew
ithA
pcar
Stre
am
0941
5885
Mud
dyR
iver
near
LDS
Farm
0941
5906
Mud
dyR
iver
belo
wC
onflu
ence
with
Mud
dyS
prin
gsTr
ibut
ary
0941
5955
Mud
dyR
iver
belo
wC
onflu
ence
with
Ref
uge
Stre
am
0941
6000
Mud
dyR
iver
near
Moa
pa
0941
5945
Apc
arS
tream
abov
eC
onflu
ence
with
Ref
uge
Stre
am
Muddy River Springs area Mainstem Muddy River
Incl
udes
3.10
cubi
cfe
etpe
rsec
ond
from
Mud
dyR
iver
Pow
erD
iver
sion
Table �. Maximum, minimum, and percent difference of discharge and stage measurements collected in the mainstem of the Muddy River, February 7, 2001.
Site number
Site name
Discharge measurements Stage measurements
maximum minimumPercent range1
maximum minimumPercent range1in cubic feet
per secondin cubic feet per second
09416000 MuddyRivernearMoapa 37.1 33.8 9 0.78 0.77 1
09416500 MuddyRiveratWhiteNarrowsnearMoapa 33.3 30.4 9 9.30 9.30 1
09417000 MuddyRiveratRailroadPumpPlantnearMoapa 37.6 32.3 14 8.32 8.24 1
09417270 MuddyRiveraboveCaliforniaWashnearMoapa 34.8 31.0 11 9.28 9.16 1
09417380 MuddyRiverbelowCaliforniaWashnearMoapa 37.2 32.9 12 9.56 9.35 2
09417390 MuddyRiveraboveMeadowValleyWashnearGlendale 37.3 32.7 12 7.84 7.68 2
09418890 MuddyRiveratI-15nearGlendale 39.2 36.9 6 8.89 8.83 1
09418900 MuddyRivernearLewisRanchnearGlendale 39.6 38.8 2 9.13 9.11 0
09419000 MuddyRivernearGlendale 38.8 36.5 5 5.22 5.20 0
09419490 MuddyRiverbelowAndersonWashnearLogandale 43.3 40.2 7 8.31 8.28 01Denotespercentdifferencefrom"maximum"to"minimum"measuredvalue.
Discharge Measurements 9
largerthantheincreaseinflowbetweenthetwosites.There-fore,nomeasurablechangeindischargeasaresultofground-waterinfloworevapotranspirationwasobservedbetweentheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).
RiverdischargebelowMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)isaffectedbydiversionintoBowmanReservoir(fig.3)andtheIrrigationDiversionnearLogandale(site363715114295501).BetweenMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)andMuddyRiveratLewisAvenueatOverton(site09419507),thetotaldecreaseindischargeis37.1ft³/s(table2).
Water-Property and pH Measurements
WatersampleswerecollectedconcurrentlywithsynopticdischargemeasurementsfortheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandMuddyRiverandanalyzedforspecificconductanceattheUSGSlaboratoryinHenderson,Nevada.Watertemperaturewasmeasuredatmanyofthesites;whereas,fieldpHread-ingswereobtainedonlyatselectedMuddyRiversites.Meanvalueswerecomputedforspecificconductanceandwatertemperaturewheremultiplemeasurementswerecollected.
Water-temperature,specific-conductance,andpHdatafortheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandtheMuddyRiverarelistedintables1and2.Figure6showswater-temperatureandspecific-conductancemeasurementsmadebetweenMRbelowUpperConfluence(site09415880)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).
IntheMuddyRiverSpringsarea,water-temperatureandspecific-conductancemeasurementsrangedfrom26to27ºCand969to1,060µS/cm,respectively(table1).Thesemea-surementsindicatethatwaterswithintheMuddyRiverSpringsareahavesimilartemperaturesandspecificconductance.WatertemperatureintheMuddyRiverremainedstableandspecificconductanceincreasedslightlybythetimedischargereachedMRMoapa(site09416000;fig.6).
Specific-conductance,water-temperature,andpHdatacollectedatMuddyRiversitesbetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)rangedfrom1,010to1,400µS/cm,from10.7to26.0ºC,andfrom8.2to8.5,respectively(table2).Aspecificconduc-tanceof3,390µS/cmwasmeasuredatMRatLewisAve.(site09419507),whichisdownstreamofBowmanReservoir.Specific-conductancemeasurementsmadeatsitesbetweentheMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRbelowAndersonWash
Figure �. Mean discharge at selected sites in the Muddy River Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River, Nevada, September 10–12, 1963—February 7, 2001.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
DISTANCE, IN MILES
DIS
CHA
RGE,
INCU
BIC
FEET
PER
SECO
ND
0941588
09415885
09415955
09416000
09416500
09417000
0941590609415906 09417270
09417380
0941889009418900
09417390
09419000
09419490
EXPLANATION
War
mS
prin
gsD
iver
sion
(1.1
3 ft3 /s
)
Nev
ada
Pow
erD
iver
sion
(3.1
0ft3 /s
)
Moa
paR
eser
vatio
nD
iver
sion
(4.5
0ft3 /s
)
Dai
ryD
iver
sion
(1.5
3ft3 /s
)
Cal
iforn
iaW
ash
Mea
dow
Valle
yW
ash
Ande
rson
Was
h
1963 Discharge measurements (value at site 09419000 isaverage of daily mean, September 10–12, 1963)
Mean discharge, error bars indicate a 5 percentvariation (February 7, 2001)
Muddy RiverSprings area
Mainstem Muddy River
10 Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
(site09419490)indicatedthreetrends:(1)specificconduc-tancewasstableorincreasedslightlybetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRatRailroad(site09417000),(2)specificconductanceincreasedby340µS/cmbetweenMRatRailroad(site09417000)andMRatI-15(site09418890),and(3)specificconductanceincreasedby40µS/cmbetweenMRatI-15(site09418890)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).TheincreaseinspecificconductancebetweensitesMRatRailroad(site09417000)andMRatI-15(site09418890)isindicativeofwaterenteringtheriverthroughashallowground-watersystem.Anetdecreaseinwatertemper-atureof8.8°CwasnotedbetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).Betweenthesesites,measurementsofpHremainedrelativelystableandrangedfrom8.2to8.5(table2).
SummarySynopticdischarge,specific-conductance,water-tem-
perature,andpHmeasurementsweremadebetween9a.m.and3p.m.onFebruary7,2001,intheMuddyRiverSprings
areaandmainstemoftheMuddyRiver.Thesedatawerecollectedat29sitestohelpassessthespatialvariabilityofdischargeinthetributaryspringsandriverduringaperiodoflowevapotranspiration,andmunicipalandagriculturaldiversion.TwodischargemeasurementsweremadeatmostsiteswithintheMuddyRiverSpringsareaandsixdischargemeasurementsweremadeatmostsitesontheMuddyRiver.Anaveragedischargewascomputedandusedtorepresentthedischargerateateachmeasurementsite.FortheMuddyRiverSpringsarea,thelowestdischarge,2.39ft³/s,occurredatWSEast(site364236114424301)andthehighestdischarge,41.8ft³/s,occurredatMRbelowRefuge(site09415955).AlongthemainstemoftheMuddyRiver,downstreamofMRMoapa(site09416000),thelowestdischarge,32.2ft³/s,occurredatMRatNarrows(site09416500)andthehighestdischarge,41.3ft³/s,occurredatMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).WithintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea,dischargemeasurementsmadeonFebruary7,2001,werecomparedwithmeasurementsmadeduringSeptember10–12,1963.
Dischargedataindicatedanetincreaseof26.2ft³/sbetweenMRbelowUpperConfluence(site09415880)andMRbelowRefuge(site09415955).Thisincreaseindischarge
Figure 6. Water-temperature and specific-conductance measurements at selected sites in the Muddy River Springs area and mainstem of the Muddy River, Nevada, February 7, 2001.
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
DISTANCE, IN MILES
TEM
PERA
TURE
,IN
DEG
REES
CELS
IUS
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
SPEC
IFIC
CON
DUCT
ANCE
,IN
MIC
ROSI
EMEN
SPE
RCE
NTI
MET
ERAT
25DE
GRE
ESCE
LSIU
S
09415880
09415885
09416000
09416500
09417000
09417270
0941738009417390
09418890
09418900
09419000
0941949009415906
09415955
Nev
ada
Pow
erD
iver
sion
Moa
paR
eser
vatio
nD
iver
sion
Dai
ryD
iver
sion
War
mSp
rings
Div
ersi
on
Cal
iforn
iaW
ash
Mea
dow
Val
ley
Was
h
And
erso
nW
ash
Muddy RiverSprings Area
Mainstem Muddy River
Summary 11
primarilyistheresultoftributaryinflowfromMuddySpringsTributaryandRefugeStream.Anapproximatenetdecreaseindischargeof10.4ft³/s,occurredbetweenMRbelowRefuge(site09415955)andMRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270)primarilybecauseofwaterdiversions.Anapproxi-matenetincreaseindischargeof9.9ft³/soccurredbetweenMRaboveCaliforniaWash(site09417270)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490)primarilybecauseofreturnflows.MeasurementsofdischargewithinthemainstemoftheMuddyRiverindicateanetlossof0.5ft³/sbetweenMRbelowRefuge(site09415955)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490).However,whenthedivertedflowintotheNevadaPowerPumpStationnearMoapa(site364240144414001)issubtractedfromthedischargemeasuredattheRefugeStreamsite,changeindischargeforthesamereachindicatesanetgainof2.6ft³/s.Thisincreaseindischargefallswithinthemaximumcomputed-measurementerror.
Specific-conductance,water-temperature,andpHdataalsowerecollectedandanalyzedfortrendsbetweenmea-surementsites.Specific-conductancemeasurementsweresimilarwithintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea.Anincreaseof390µS/cmwasevidentbetweenMRMoapa(site09416000)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490),withmostofthatincreaseoccurringbetweentheMRatRailroad(site09417000)andMRatI-15(site09418890).Water-tempera-turemeasurementsalsoweresimilarwithintheMuddyRiverSpringsarea,butdecreaseddownstreamalongtheMuddyRiver.MeasurementsofpHwithintheriverremainedrela-tivelyconstant.
ThenetincreasesindischargeandspecificconductancefortheselectedreachoftheMuddyRiverbetweenMRbelowRefuge(site09415955)andMRbelowAndersonWash(site09419490),indicatecontributionfromashallowground-watersystem.MeasurementsofdischargefromtheMuddyRiverSpringsareatothediversionintoBowmanReservoirindicatethelocalinfluencesfromdiversionsandtributaries.However,nomeasurablenetgainorlossinstreamflowwasobservedalongtheentirereach.
References Cited
Buchanan,T.J.,andSomers,W.P.,1969,Dischargemeasure-mentsatgagingstations:U.S.GeologicalSurveyTech-niquesofWater-ResourcesInvestigations,book3,chap.A8,65p.
Eakin,T.E.,1964,Ground-waterappraisalofCoyoteSpringandKaneSpringValleysandMuddyRiverSpringsarea,LincolnandClarkCounties,Nevada:NevadaDepartmentofConservationandNaturalResources,Ground-WaterResourcesReconnaissanceSeries,Report25,40p.
Eakin,T.E.,1966,ARegionalInterbasinGroundwaterSystemintheWhiteRiverarea,SoutheasternNevada:NevadaDepartmentofConservationandNaturalResources,WaterResourceBulletinno.33,271p.
Harrill,J.R.,Welch,A.H.,Prudic,D.E.,Thomas,J.M.,Carman,R.L.,Plume,R.W.,Gates,J.S.,andMason,J.L.,1983,AquifersystemsintheGreatBasinregionofNevada,Utah,andadjacentstates—Astudyplan:U.S.GeologicalSurveyOpen-FileReport82-445,49p.
Rantz,S.E.,andothers,1982,Measurementandcomputationofstreamflow,volume2,computationofdischarge:U.S.GeologicalSurveyWaterSupplyPaper2175,v.2,346p.
Sauer,V.B.,andMeyer,R.W.,1992,Determinationoferrorinindividualdischargemeasurements:U.S.GeologicalSurveyOpen-FileReport92-144,21p.
12 Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH measurements Muddy River Springs area and Muddy River, Nev., 2001
Beck and Wilson—
Synoptic discharge, water-property, and pH
measurm
ents, Muddy River Springs area and M
uddy River, Nev., February 7, 2001—
USGS SIR 2006-5237