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Synapomorphies that distinguish the fungi: Absorptive heterotrophy Chitin in cell walls.
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Transcript of Synapomorphies that distinguish the fungi: Absorptive heterotrophy Chitin in cell walls.
![Page 1: Synapomorphies that distinguish the fungi: Absorptive heterotrophy Chitin in cell walls.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56649f175503460f94c2d6a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Synapomorphies that distinguish the fungi:• Absorptive heterotrophy• Chitin in cell walls
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Fungi• The fungi live by absorptive nutrition,
secreting digestive enzymes that break down large food molecules and absorbing the breakdown products.
• Some are saprobes (feeding on dead matter); others are parasites. Some are active predators
• A few have mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationships with other organisms.
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Fungi - body structure of the three most highly evolved clades
Fruiting structure - mushroom
Mycelium = mat of interwoven hyphae
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Fungi – many hyphae are coenocytic
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Fungal hyphae
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Fungal hyphae – many attack living cells
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Fungal hyphae – or even catch prey
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Fungal hyphae – or consume dead/decaying
organic matter
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Fungal hyphae – or live in symbiotic relationships
Mycorrhizae on a eucalyptus root
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Fungal hyphae – or live in symbiotic
relationships: Fungi + green algae = lichens
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Fungi
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Fungi - Chytridiomycota• most primitive types are
chytrids• aquatic or parasitic• grouped with rest of
fungi by molecular evidence
• evolved from flagellated protists.
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Fungi - Zygomycota
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Reproduction by producing sporangiophores – asexual reproduction
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Reproduction by producing zygospores
(sexual reproduction)
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Zygospore development
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Fungi –Glomeromycota – mycorrhizal fungi – symbionts w/ plant roots
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Fungi - Ascomycota (sac fungi)
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Ascomycota reproduction
Note : some species have given up sexual reproduction altogether – see next slides….
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Ascomycota (Penicillium) chemical defenses
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Ascomycota (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae)
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Basidiomycota (club fungi,mushrooms)
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Basidiomycota (bracket fungus, puffball)
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Releasing spores
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Basidiomycota- poisonous Amanita muscaris
and edible Agaricus bisporus
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Basidiomycota reproduction
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Lichen (fungi/green algae
symbiosis)