SYLLABUS - Mata Gujri · consist of 8 questions from whole syllabus and will be of 2 marks each....

M.Sc. Chemistry PART-II (SEMESTER III and IV) Session 2018-19

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SYLLABUS

SESSION: (2018-19) COURSE: M.Sc. II (Semester III and IV)

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

MATA GUJRI COLLEGE Fatehgarh Sahib

(AN AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE) Affiliated to Punjabi University, Patiala


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SCHEME OF COURSE

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY Part II (Semester III and IV) SEMESTER III

Paper Code Title of Paper Credits No. of

Lectures

Max. Marks (External+Internal)

Pass Percentage 35%

Time Allowed

MCH 301 Analytical Chemistry 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 311 Chemistry of Transition & Inner Transition Elements

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 312 Reaction Mechanism of Metal Complexes

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 313 Inorganic Spectroscopy-I 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 321 Applications of Organic Molecular Spectroscopy

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 322 Photochemistry and Pericyclic reactions

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 323 Chemistry of Natural Products 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 331 Spectroscopy-I 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 332 Bio-physical and Thermodynamic Chemistry

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 333 Fundamental and Atmospheric Photochemistry

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

PRACTICALS

MCH 314 Inorganic Chemistry Practicals -I 3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 315 Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-II 3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 324 Organic Chemistry Practicals-I 3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 325 Organic Chemistry Practicals-II 3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 334 Instrumental Physical Chemistry Practicals-I

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 335 Physical Chemistry Practicals - I 3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.


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SEMESTER IV

Paper Code Title of Paper Credits No. of

Lectures

Max. Marks (External+Internal)

Pass Percentage 35%

Time Allowed

MCH 401 Environmental and Advanced Topics in Chemistry

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 411 Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 412 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 413 Inorganic Spectroscopy-II 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 421 Name Reactions and Reagents in Organic Synthesis

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 422 Organic Synthesis 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 423 Heterocyclic Chemistry 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 431 Spectroscopy-II 5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 432 Solid State and Radiation Chemistry

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

MCH 433 Surface Chemistry and Polymers

5 65 75

(52+23) 3 Hrs.

PRACTICALS

MCH 414 Inorganic Chemistry Practicals -I

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 415 Inorganic Chemistry Practicals-II

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 424 Organic Chemistry Practicals-I

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 425 Organic Chemistry Practicals-II

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 434 Instrumental Physical Chemistry Practicals-II

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.

MCH 435 Physical Chemistry Practicals-II

3.75 100 100 6 Hrs.


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SEMESTER-III

PAPER-MCH 301: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Maximum Marks: 75 Lectures: 65

(i) University Examination: 52 Time: 3 Hours

(ii) Internal Assessment: 23 Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three units: I, II, and III. Unit I and II will have four

questions from the each unit of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Unit III will

consist of 8 questions from whole syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each unit I, II and unit III is

compulsory.

Note: Internal assessment will be given on the basis of attendance, mid semester tests and

assignments.

UNIT- I

Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Analysis

Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their

expression, normal law of distribution, indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q,

and T test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals. Calibration curve, standard addition

method, detection limit and detection range.

Thermo Analytical Methods

Thermogravimetric analysis: Introduction, instrumentation, factors affecting

thermogravimetric titrations: Introduction, theory and applications.

Electroanalytical Methods

Polarography: D.C. and A.C. Polarography, pulse polarogaphy, cyclic voltammetry, Linear

Sweep Voltammetry and Differential Pulse Voltammetry, qualitative and quantitative

applications of polarogrpahy and cyclic voltammetry.

Electrogravimetry: Current-voltage relationship during electrolysis, Instrumentation and

applications of electrogravimetry, Instrumentation and applications of electrogravimetry.

Coulometry: Coulometric methods at constant current and constant electrode potential,

coulometric titrations


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Amperometry and its applications, Karl Fischer titration. 32 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry

Theory of spectrophotometry and colorimetry, Beer's law, Deviation from Beer's law,

absorptivity Photometric accuracy. Spectrophotometric titrations and titration curves and

applications to quantitative analysis.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry: Theory, instrumententation,

interferences and evaluation methods, applications. Infrared Spectroscopy: Introduction,

Instrumentation, Beer’s – Lambert relationship, NDIR and FTIR.

Separation Techniques

Solvent extraction: Classification and principle and efficiency of the technique, mechanism

of extraction, extraction by solvation and chelation.

Technique of extraction: batch, continuous and counter current extractions.

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from

aqueous solution, extraction of organic species from the aqueous and non aqueous

media.

Chromatography

Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique. Mechanism of separation:

adsorption, partition & ion exchange. Development of chromatograms: frontal, elution and

displacement methods.

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic methods of analysis: IC, GLC, GPC,

TLC and HPLC. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis; Vogel, Arthur I: (Rev. by GH

Jeffery and others) 5th Ed.

2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis; Willard Hobert H. et. al: 7th Ed.

Wardsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.

3. Analytical Chemistry; Christian Gary D; 6th Ed. John Willy, New York, 2004.

4. Basic concept of Analytical Chemistry; Khopkar S.M.; New Age, International

Publisher, 2009.

5. Modern Polarographic methods in Analytical Chemistry; A.M. Bend.

6. Principles, of Instrumental Analysis; Skoog D.A., Holler F.J. and Nieman T.A.

Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore.

7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis; D.A. Skoog.

8. Instrumental analysis for Chemists; Chatwal Gurdeep.


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PAPER-MCH 311: CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND

INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT- I

Chemistry of Transition Elements

Occurrence and recovery, physical properties, oxidation states: variation of oxidation states

across a series and down a group, structural trends, noble character, metal halides; metal

oxides and oxo complexes: mononuclear oxo complexes, polyoxometallates; metal sulfides

and sulfide complexes: monosulfides, disulfides, sulfide complexes; nitrido and alkylidene

complexes, metal-metal bonded compounds and clusters.

Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes

Selection rules, band widths, band intensities, nature of electronic transitions in complexes,

spectra of aqueous solutions of hexaaquometal complexes [M(H2O)6]n+, spectra of spin free

ML6 complexes, spectra of spin paired ML6 complexes, spectra of distorted octahedral

complexes, spectra of tetrahedral complexes, spectrochemical and nephelauxetic series,

charge transfer spectra. 32 Hrs.

UNIT- II

Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes

Magnetic properties of complexes, origin of magnetic behavior, magnetic susceptibility and

types of magnetic behavior: diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, types of


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paramagnetic behavior: large multiplet separation, small multiplet separation, spin only

heavy atoms, applications of cobalt (II) complexes, high spin low spin cross overs.

Measurement of magnetic moment, variation of magnetic moment vs temperature.

Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides

Lanthanides: Coordination numbers, stereochemistry, occurrence and extraction, general

properties, the metals, magnetism and spectra, binary compounds, ternary and complex

oxides, coordination compounds, organometallic compounds, applications of lanthanides.

Actinides: Occurrence and general properties. General chemistry of the actinides, the

metals, survey of oxidation states, the dioxo ions, actinide ions in aqueous solution,

complexes and stereochemistry, the chemistry of thorium and uranium, shift reagents,

Organometallic compounds of actinides, applications of actinides. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Inorganic Chemistry; Shriver and Atkins, 4th edition, Oxford University Press.

2. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; Cotton & Wilkinson, 5th edition.

3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; Cotton, Wilkinson, Murillo, Bochmann, 6th edition,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

4. Theoretical Inorganic chemistry; Day and Selbin.

5. Lanthanides and Actinides; Simon Cotton.

6. The Chemistry of the lanthanides; T. Moeller.

7. Metal Complexes; Earnshaw and N.N. Greenwood.

8. Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; Puri, Sharma, Kalia.


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PAPER-MCH 312: REACTION MECHANISMS OF TRANSITION METAL

COMPLEXES










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Reactions of Octahedral Complexes

Ligand replacement reactions, substitution reactions in octahedral complexes, inert and

labile complexes, mechanisms of substitution reactions (dissociative, associative,

interchange), acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis reactions, water exchange rates, formation of

complexes from aqueous solutions, anation reactions of metal complexes.

Reactions of Square Planar Complexes

Substitution reactions, mechanism of ligand displacement reactions, the Trans effect,

theories of Trans effect, cis-effect.

Electron Transfer Reactions

Electron transfer theory, mechanisms of electron transfer: inner sphere and outer sphere

mechanisms, ligand bridged reactions, iron (II)-iron (III) exchange, two electron transfer

reactions: complimentary and non-complimentary reactions, replacement through redox

mechanism.

Metal Carbonyl Reactions

Reactions of octahedral, reactions of binuclear carbonyls, associative reactions, species

with 17 electrons, metal carbonyl scrambling.

Photochemical Reactions

Prompt and delayed reactions, d-d and charge transfer reactions, transitions in metal-metal

bonded systems. 33 Hrs.


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UNIT-II

Fundamental Reaction Steps of Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions

Coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition, addition reactions of specific molecules,

hydrogen addition, HX additions, addition of X2, addition of organic halides, addition

reactions of Si-H bonds, elimination reactions, cleavage of C-H bonds, alkane activation,

cyclometallation reactions, migration reactions, insertion of CO, insertion of CO into M-H

bonds, other aspects of CO insertion reactions, isocyanide insertions, NO insertion, alkene

insertions, alkyne insertions, insertion of aldehydes ketones and nitriles, insertions of CO2.

Stability of Metal Complexes

Stability of metal complexes, stability constants, difference between thermodynamic and

kinetic stability

Determination of stability constants by following methods:

1. Slope ratio method

2. Job’s method of continuous variation

3. Mole ratio method.

4. Solubility method

5. Bjerrum potentiometric method

6. Leden’s polarographic method

7. Ion-exchange method

Factors affecting stability constants (statistical, electrostatic and chelate effect) 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley, 5th and 6th

edition.

2. Inorganic Reactions Mechanism: An Introduction; Edwards W.A. Benzamin, Inc.

3. Inorganic Chemistry; Miessler and Tarr, 3rd edition, Pearson Education.

4. Inorganic Chemistry; Shriver and Atkins, Oxford University Press, 4th edition.

5. Inorganic Chemistry; Huheey 3rd and 4th editions, Pearson Education Asia.

6. Elementary Coordination Chemistry;Jones and Jones.

7. Polarography of Metal Complexes; D. R. Crow.

8. Instrumental Methods of Analysis; D.A. Skoog.

9. Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; Puri, Sharma, Kalia.


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PAPER-MCH 313: INORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY-I










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy

General introduction to spectroscopy, electronic and vibrational energy levels in a diatomic

molecule, relationship of potential energy curves to electronic spectra, assignment of

transitions: spin-orbit coupling, configuration interaction, criteria to aid in band

assignment. The intensity of electronic transitions: oscillator strengths, transition moment

integral, derivation of some selection rules, spectrum of formaldehyde, spin-orbit and

vibronic coupling contributions to intensity, mixing of d and p orbitals in certain

symmetries, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole contributions to intensity, charge

transfer transitions, polarized absorption spectra.

Application of Electronic Absorption spectroscopy: finger printing, molecular addition

compounds of iodine, effect of solvent polarity on charge transfer spectra, structures of

excited states.

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy: Introduction, harmonic and anharmonic vibrations, absorption of

radiation by molecular vibrations, selection rules, force constant, vibration in polyatomic

molecules, effects giving rise to absorption bands, Group vibrations and limitation of this

concept.

Raman Spectroscopy: Introduction, selection rules, polarised and depolarised Raman lines,

significance of nomenclature, use of symmetry considerations to determine the number of


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active IR and Raman lines; symmetry requirements for coupling, combination bands and

Fermi Resonance.

Applications of IR and Raman spectroscopy: Procedures, finger printing, spectra of gases,

structure elucidation of inorganic compounds, hydrogen bonding systems, change in

spectra of donor molecules upon coordination, change in the spectra accompanying change

in symmetry upon coordination. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Microwave Spectroscopy

Theory, selection rules and intensities of spectral lines, applications of microwave

spectroscopy

Nuclear Quadruple Resonance

Nuclear electric quadruple moment, electric field gradient, energy levels, effect of magnetic

field on spectra, factors affecting the resonance signal, relationship between the electric

field gradient and molecular structure

Applications: Interpretation of NQR data, structural information of the following: PCl5,

TeCl4, BrCN, and HIO3

Mass Spectroscopy

Instrument operation and presentation of spectral processes that can occur when a

molecule and a high energy electron combine, finger printing, interpretation of mass

spectra, effect of isotopes on appearance of mass spectrum. Molecular weight

determination: field ionization techniques, evaluation of heat of sublimation and species in

the vapour over high melting solids. Appearance potential and ionization potential. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Physical methods for Chemists; R.S. Drago, 2nd edition.

2. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy; R. Chang.

3. Molecular Spectroscopy; C.M. Banwell.

4. Chemical application of Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry; C.N.R. Rao.

5. Principles of Mossbauer Spectroscopy; N.N. Greenwood and T.C. Gibb.

6. Mass Spectroscopy; C.A. Power.

7. Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; Puri, Sharma, Kalia


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PAPER-MCH 314: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-I

Maximum Marks: 100 Time: 6 Hours

PREPARATIONS AND ESTIMATIONS

1. Preparation of K3[Al (C2O4)3].

2. Estimation of aluminium.

3. Preparation of (NH3)2Hg Cl2.

4. Estimation of Hg in (NH3)2Hg Cl2.

5. Mercuration of phenol and separation of the compound into ortho, and para,

isomers.

6. Preparation of hexathiourea plumbous nitrate.

7. Estimation of lead and thiourea.

8. Preparation of K3[Cr(C2O4)3]

9. Estimation of Cr and oxalate.

10. Preparation of Hg[Co(NCS)4]

11. Simultaneous estimation of Hg and Co in Hg[Co(NCS)4].

12. Preparation of vanadyl acetyl acetonate.

13. Preparation of hexaurea chromium chloride.

14. Estimation of chloride in hexaureachromium chloride.


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PAPER-MCH 315: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


Conductometry

1. Determination of number of ions in [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Hg(NH3)2Cl].

2. Titrations of mixture of acids.

3. Precipitation titrations.

pH-metric titrations

1. Acid-base titrations.

2. Mixture of acid with a base.

Chromatographic separations

1. Separation of ions by Paper chromatography.

2. Separation of ions by Column chromatography.

Solvent extraction techniques

Extraction of metal ions using organic receptors.


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PAPER-MCH 321: APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC MOLECULAR

SPECTROSCOPY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy

Principle of UV spectroscopy, Colour and light absorption, the chromophore concept,

theory of electronic spectroscopy, orbitals involved and electronic transition. Effect of

solvent and conjugation on λmax. Woodward Fieser, Fieser-kuhn and Nielsen’s rules.

Spectral correlation with structure; Conjugated dienes and polyenes; α, β-unsaturated

carbonyl compounds; Benzene, substituted benzene and polynuclear aromatic

hydrocarbons. Stereochemical factors in electronic spectroscopy; biphenyls and

binaphthyls, cis and trans isomers, angular distortion, cross conjugation and steric

inhibition of resonance.

Infrared Spectroscopy

Principle of IR spectroscopy, Molecular vibrations and modes of vibrations. Factors

influencing vibrational frequencies; vibrational coupling, hydrogen bonding, conjugation,

inductive, mesomeric (resonance), field effects and bond angles. Applications to identify

functional groups; Aliphatic, aromatic and aralkyl hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols and

ethers; aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and ester, amines, amides, alkyl halides, aryl

halides and aralkyl halides. Heteroaromatic compounds (pyrrole, furan and thiophene) and

amino acids.


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Mass Spectrometry

Introduction, Mass spectra and metastable ion peak. Determination of molecular formula

and recognition of molecular ion peak and the Nitrogen rule. Molecular formula and index

of hydrogen deficiency. General rules of fragmentation and the McLafferty rearrangement.

Fragmentations associated with functional groups: Aliphatic, aromatic, aralkyl

hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols and ethers, aldehydes, ketons, carboxylic acids, esters,

amines and amides, alkyl halides, aryl halides and aralkyl halides. Hetroatomic compounds

(pyrrole, furan, thiophene) and amino acids. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Nuclear spin resonance, Chemical shift and its

measurement, Relaxation procesess, Factors influencing chemical shift, shielding and

deshielding and anisotropic effects, Effect of restricted rotation, concentration,

temperature and hydrogen bonding, Spin-Spin coupling (simple and complex), Mechanism

of coupling. Coupling constants, geminal coupling, vicinal coupling, virtual and long range

coupling, Factors influencing geminal and vicinal coupling, chemical equivalence and

magnetic equivalence of protons, Non first order spectra, Simplification of complex PMR

spectra: increasing strength, spin decoupling or double resonance and the use of chemical

shift reagents. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy: Introduction and applications.

13C – NMR Spectroscopy

Natural abundance of 13C, resolution and multiplicity. The FT mode and rf pulse. Use of

proton coupled, proton decoupled and off-resonance decoupling techniques, Deuterium

substitution and chemical shift equivalence in peak assignments. 13C chemical shift; effect

of substituents on chemical shift position of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and benzene. Spin-

Spin coupling and 13C-1H coupling constants.

New Dimensions in NMR spectroscopy

Nuclear Overhauser Effect and NOE difference spectra, Introduction to correlated

spectroscopy (COSY). Homcor (1H-1H) and HETCOR (1H-13C) of menthol and geraniol, APT

and DEPT techniques (menthol and geraniol). A brief introduction to Nuclear Overhauser

Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) with a suitable example. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Organic Spectroscopy; William Kemp, Macmillan, Hampshire, UK, 1991.


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2. Spectroscopic methods in Organic Chemistry; D.H. William and I. Fleming, Tata

MacGraw-Hill Publishing company Ltd. New Delhi, India, 1991.

3. Spetrometric Identification of Organic Compounds; R.M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler

and F.C Morill, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. , USA, 1991.

4. Introduction to Spectroscopy; Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, and George S. Kriz.

5. Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry; Dudley Williams. 6. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds; P S Kalsi. 7. Elementary Organic Spectroscopy (Principles And Chemical Applications); Y. R.

Sharma.


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PAPER-MCH 322: PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND

PERICYCLIC REACTIONS Maximum Marks: 75 Lectures: 65









compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT -I

Photochemical Excitations of the molecules. Energy of the molecule, Photochemical

Energy, Electronic transitions– types of electronic Excitations and molecular orbital view of

excitation, Spin multiplicity–nomenclature of excited states

The fate of the excited molecules: Photophysical Processes–Jablonski diagram,

Intersystem crossing, Energy transfer, Laws of Photochemistry, Quantum efficiency,

sensitization and Quenching.

Photochemistry of Alkenes, Dienes and aromatic compounds, Cis-trans isomerisation of

alkenes, Dimerisation of alkenes, Photochemistry of conjugated dienes

Photoisomerisation of benzene and substituted benzene, Photoaddition of alkenes to

aromatic benzenoid compounds, Addition of oxygen, Aromatic photosubstitution,

Photochemistry of Diazo compounds, Photochemistry of Azides. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

α-cleavage or Norrish Type-I process, β-cleavage reaction or Norrish Type-II process,

Intramolecular Hydrogen abstraction (γ-Hydrogen abstraction), Hydrogen abstraction

from other sites, Formation of Photo enols or Photo-enolisation, Photocycloaddition

reaction (Peterno-Buchi Reaction), [2+2] Cycloaddition reaction of enones with alkenes.


Page 17

Photorearrangements of Cyclopentanone, Cyclohexanone rearrangements,

Rearrangements of Dienones, Photorearrangments of β, γ-unsaturated ketones, Aza-di-π-

methane rearrangements, Di-π-methane (DPM) rearrangements, Rearrangements in

aromatic compounds, Photo-Fries rearrangements.

The Frontier Molecular Orbital Approach

Cycloadditions: Cheletropic reactions, Dipolar cycloadditions.

Sigmatropic reactions: Peripatetic cyclopropane bridge, Fluxional molecules-Degenerate

Cope rearrangements

Pericyclic Reactions Involving Ionic Transition States: Cycloaddition reactions,

Electrocyclic reactions, Sigmatropic reactions, Peripatetic cyclopropane bridge, Group

transfers and Group eliminations

The Perturbational Molecular Approach

Aromatic and Antiaromatic Transition States, Evan's and Dewar's rules.

Applications of Evan's and Dewar's rules to Pericyclic Reactions

Pericyclic reactions involving ionic transition states: Cycloaddition reactions, Electrocyclic

reactions, Sigmatropic reactions, Peripatetic cyclopropane bridge, Cheletropic reactions, 1,

3 Dipolar cycloadditions, Group transfers and Group eliminations. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Fundamentals of Photochemistry: K.K. Rohatgi Mukherji Reprint, Revised edition,

New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers New India.1997.

2. Modern Molecular Photochemistry; N.J. Turro, the Benjamin/Cummings Co., Inc.

California, USA, 1978.

3. Molecular reactions and photochemistry; Charles H. Depuy and Orville L. Chapman,

Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India, 1972.

4. Introduction to Organic Photochemistry, J.D. Coyle, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

5. Cox, A.; Camp, T. Introductory Photochemistry, McGraw-Hill.

6. Kundall, R.P.; Gilbert, A. Photochemistry, Thomson Nelson.

7. Coxon, J.; Halton, B. Organic Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press.

8. S. M. Mukherji, Pericyclic Reactions: A Mechanistic Study, The MacMillan Co. of India

Ltd., New Delhi, INDIA, 1979.

9. Photochemistry and Pericyclic Reactions, Jagdamba Singh and Jaya Singh, New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers.


Page 18

PAPER-MCH 323: CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Studies on Biosynthetic Pathways of Natural Products

The acetate hypothesis, poly-ketoacids, their aldol type cyclisations and meta orientations

of hydroxyl groups in naturally occurring Phenols. Isoprene rule. Geranyl pyrophosphate

and its conversion into α-pinene, thujene and borneol. Fernesyl pyrophosphate, geranyl

geranyl pyrophosphate and mechanistic considerations for their interconversions into

cadinene and abietic acid.

Porphyrins

Structure and synthesis of porphyrins, chemistry of Haemin, Chlorophyll, Haemoglobin. Terpenoids and Carotenoids Classifications, Nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure

determination. Biosynthetic approach and synthesis of following molecules: geraniol, α-

terpeneol, menthol, zingiberene, santonin, abietic acid, camphor, vitamin-A, longifolene, β-

carotene (basic structure of α-carotene, γ-carotene also), β-caryophylene, cedrene, cedrol,

Himachalene. 32 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Alkaloids

Definition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general methods

of structure elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring,


Page 19

structure, stereochemistry, Synthesis and biosynthesis of Ephedrine, Coniine, Nicotine,

Quinine, Morphine, Reserpine.

Plant Pigments

Occurrence, nomenclature, general methods of structure determination and Biosynthesis of

flavonoids, flavonol, isoflavones, coumarin: Acetate pathway and shikimic acid pathway.

Steroids

Occurrence, physiological action, basic skeleton, stereochemistry, structure determination,

synthesis of Cholesterol, Bile acids, Testosterone, Androsterone, Progesterone, Estrone.

Biosynthesis of steroids.

Prostaglandins

General study, nomenclature, structure of PGE and synthesis and biosynthesis of PGE1,

PGE2. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Organic Chemistry; I.L.Finar; Vol. 1, 2. Pubs: ELBS (1994).

2. Classics in Total Synthesis, Nicolaou K.C. and Sorensen E.J.; Pubs: VCH N.Y. (1986).

3. Biosynthesis of Natural Products; Manitto P., Pubs: Horwood Ltd. (1981).

4. Organic Chemistry; Solomon T.W.G. and Fryhle C.B., 7th Edition, Pubs: John Wiley &

sons Ins. N.Y. (2000).

5. Natural Products – Chemistry and Biological Significance, J. Mann, R.S. Davidson, J.B.

Hobbs, D.V. Banthrope and J.B. Harborne, Longman, Essex.

6. Nogradi, M. Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach, VCH.

7. Coffey, S. Rodd’s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Elsevier.

8. Hostettmann, Kurt; Gupta, M.P.; Marston, A. Chemistry, Biological and

Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the Americas, Harwood

Academic Publishers.

9. R.O.C. Norman, J. M. Coxon: Principles of Organic Synthesis.

10. P. S. Kalsi: Chemistry of Natural Products.

11. O.P. Aggarwal and O.D. Sharma: Chemistry of Natural Products, Goyal Publications.

12. O.P. Aggarwal: Chemistry of Organic Natural Products Vol. I 23rd Edi. Krishna

Publication


Page 20

PAPER-MCH 324: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS – I


Multistep Synthesis

1. Beckman Rearrangement

I. Benzophenone- Benzophenone Oxime- Benzanilide.

II. Acetophenone- Acetophenone Oxime- Acetanilide.

III. Cyclohexanone- Cyclohexanone Oxime- Caprolactam.

2. Benzillic acid Rearrangement

I. Benzoin-Benzil-Benzillic acid.

II. Benzoin-Benzil-Benzil monohydrazone.

3. Fischer Indole Synthesis

I. N-aryl Maleinilic acid-N-aryl maleimide.

II. 1, 2, 3, 4 tetrahydrocarbazole.

III. 2-Phenyl Indole from Phenyl hydrazone.

Students are supposed to know the IR and NMR Spectra of prepared compounds.

Note: Subject to the availability of chemicals experiments can be substituted by alternate

experiment.


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PAPER-MCH 325: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


Quantitative Estimations

1. Hydroxyl group - (Phenolic)

I. Determine percentage purity of given phenols by brominating reagent.

II. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of m-cresol by using brominating

reagent.

2. Amine group

I. Determine the amount of aniline per litre by substitution method.

II. Determine the amount of m-toluidine in the given sample by brominating reagent.

III. Find percentage purity of given sample of m-nitroaniline by brominating reagent.

3. Carbonyl group

I. To standardise the given glucose solution by Fehling's method.

II. Determine percentage purity of given sample of glucose.

III. Determine the percentage purity of sugar by Fehling's method.

IV. To determine the amount of glucose in given sample by Benedict's Solution.

V. To determine the percentage purity of sucrose by Benedict's method.

VI. To hydrolyse the given sample of jaggery and determine the amount of glucose present

in it by Benedict’s Solution.

4. Acetous Perchloric Acid

I. To standardise acetous perchloric acid using primary standard potassium hydrogen

phthalate.

II. To determine percentage purity of sodium benzoate.

III. To determine percentage purity of sodium salicylate.

IV. To determine percentage purity of given alkaloid (Ephedrin).

V. To find percentage purity of Brucine.

Note: Subject to the availability of chemicals experiments can be substituted by alternate

experiment.


Page 22

PAPER-MCH 331: SPECTROSCOPY-I










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT- I

Molecular Spectroscopy

Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and

various types of spectra, Born openheimer approximation, absorption and emission

spectroscopy, difference between atomic and molecular spectroscopy, types of

spectroscopy, selection rules, width and intensities of spectral lines. Characteristics of

spectral lines, importance of spectroscopy.

Microwave Spectroscopy

Introduction to microwave spectroscopy, theory of microwave spectroscopy, linear

molecules, spherical top molecules, symmetric top molecules, asymmetric top molecules,

stark effect , relative intensities of microwave spectroscopy, applications to microwave

spectroscopy.

Infrared Spectroscopy

Nomenclature of infrared spectroscopy, theory of infrared spectroscopy, mathematical

theory of infrared spectroscopy, vibrational frequency, factors which influence vibrational

frequency, selection rules, photo thermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS),

applications to infrared spectroscopy to quantitative analysis, difference between

microwave spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, limitations of infrared spectroscopy.

Rotation Vibration Spectroscopy


Page 23

Rotation vibration spectroscopy of diatomic molecules, and polyatomic molecules, P, Q, R

branches.

Raman Spectroscopy

Scattering of light, quantum and classical theory of Raman effect, polarization of light and

Raman effect, rotational Raman spectrum of diatomic molecules, rotational – vibrational

Raman spectrum, resonance Raman spectrum, intensity of Raman peaks, structure

determination from Raman and IR spectroscopy, applications of Raman spectroscopy in

physical chemistry. 32 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR of a bare proton, number of signals,

equivalent and nonequivalent protons, the chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, coupling

constants, solvents used in NMR spectroscopy, interpretation of NMR spectroscopy of ethyl

bromide, isopropyl bromide, ethanol, ethanal, acetophenone, limitations of NMR

spectroscopy, double resonance, the nuclear overhauser effect (NOE), internuclear double

resonance (INDOR), NMR of paramagnetic compounds, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

applications of NMR spectroscopy.

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)

Introduction to NQR, theory of intramolecular NQR, sample requirements, applications of

NQR.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)

Introduction to ESR, comparison between NMR and ESR, theory of ESR, choice and

concentration of solvent, presentation of the ESR spectrum, hyperfine structure of the ESR

spectrum, determination of g value, deviation of the g value, line width, Kramer’s

degeneracy and zero field splitting (ZFS), electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR),

electron double resonance (ELDOR), applications of ESR spectrum.

Electronic Spectroscopy

Introduction to electronic spectroscopy (origin and theory), Frank Condon Principle,

vibrational coarse structure of electronic spectra, Fortrat diagram, types of transitions in

organic molecules, chromophore and related terms, solvent effect, choice of solvent,

electronic spectra of conjugated molecules, electronic spectra of transition metal ions,

charge transfer spectra, applications of electronic spectra to transition metal ions. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1 .C.N. Banwell - Molecular Spectroscopy.

2. G.M. Barrow - Molecular Spectroscopy.

3. M. Chandra - Atomic structure, chemical bonding including Molecular Spectroscopy.


Page 24

4. Jagmohan : Organic Spectroscopy - Principle and applications.

5. Sham K Anand. & Gurdeep R. Chatwal: Physical Spectroscopy.


Page 25

PAPER-MCH 332: BIOPHYSICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Statistical Mechanics in Biopolymers

Chain configuration and conformation of macromolecules, statistical distribution- end to

end dimensions and biopolymer structures, calculation of average dimensions for different

chain structures.

Thermodynamics of Biopolymer Solutions

Introduction and general principles, thermodynamics of biopolymer solutions,

thermodynamic principles and dissolution of crystalline and amorphous polymers, heat of

dissolution and solubility parameter, Donnan membrane equilibrium, Muscular contraction

and energy generation in mechanochemical system, osmotic pressure.

Forces Involved in Biopolymers Interactions

Introduction, Vander Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions,

hydrogen bonding, hydrogen ion titration curves.

Isotopes in Biology

Radioactive decay, production of isotopes, use of stable isotopes in biology: the tracer

technique, use of isotopes as tracer in biological sciences, Effects of radiation in biological

systems. 33 Hrs.


Page 26

UNIT-II

Non equilibrium or Irreversible Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics of irreversible processes, silent features of non equilibrium

thermodynamics, stationary state, simple example of irreversible processes. General theory

of near equilibrium processes, entropy production from heat flow, matter flow and current

flow, generalized equation for entropy production, The phenomenological relations,

Onsager reciprocal relation (without derivation), applications of Onsager theory to

chemical reactions : coupled and uncoupled reactions and relaxation processes,application

of irreversible thermodynamics to diffusion, thermal diffusion, thermo osmosis and thermo

molecular pressure difference, thermoelectric phenomena, the Seebeck effect. Peltier

effect, Thomson effect. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics By C. Kalidas and M.V. Sangaranarayanan.

2. Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics By Prigogine.2

3. Physical Chemistry by Puri Sharma Pathania.

4. Biophysical Chemistry by Upadhyay and Nath

5. Biophysical Chemistry by P.S. Kalsi and N. Mahanta.


Page 27

PAPER-MCH 333: FUNDAMENTAL AND ATOMOSPHERIC

PHOTOCHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Photochemical Reactions

Introduction, characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, difference between thermo

chemical and photochemical reactions, laws of photochemistry: Grothus and Draper law,

Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations, quantum yield and its determination by ferrioxalate

actinometer.

Photochemistry of Atoms

Term symbols, Russel Saunder's coupling, selection rules, Excited states of Hg atoms (1P1,

3P1 and metastable state, 3P0) Photosensitized reactions. Sensitized fluorescence, spin

conservation rule and its application for energy transfer, Photo physical processes

(fluorescence, phosphorescence etc.), and photochemical degradation of excited states of

Hg atoms, Hg sensitized photoreactions of simple alkanes and alkenes.

Photochemistry of Simple Molecules

Different kinds of spectra; banded, continuous and diffuse spectra, Pre-dissociation,

Photophysical processes of simple molecules like sulphur, halogens and oxygen.

Photochemistry of Polyatomic Molecules

Different types of molecular orbitals and electronic states, Jablonskii diagram showing

various photophysical processes like fluorescence, phosphorescence, ISC, IC etc. Intensities


Page 28

and selection rules for spectral transitions, types of electronic transitions in organic

molecules, Charge transfer transitions.

Electronically Excited Singlet and Triplet States

Fluorescence and its measurement, excimer and exciplex formation, non-radiative

intermolecular and intramolecular energy transfers, Kinetic analysis and quantum yield of

triplet state, Triplet singlet energy transfer, Difference in the behaviour of 'n' and ‘π’ states.

Industrial Applications of Photochemistry

Technical applications, application of luminescence phenomena to optical bleaching of

textiles and papers, rapid radiation less transition to ground state, applications of electron

and energy transfer processes, photo fragmentations used in photochemical synthesis of

detergent and insecticides.

Photochemical Oxidation and Reductions

Mechanistic features of photo reduction of benzophenone by alcohols, photosensitized

incorporations of molecular oxygen into organic compounds, Type I and II photo

oxygenation reactions. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Structure of the atmosphere: structure in terms of temperature, diffusion and ionization,

characteristics and chemical composition. Solar radiation, solar spectral distribution

outside the earth's atmosphere, absorption by N2, O

2, O

3 and distribution of solar energy on

earth. Chemistry of the upper atmosphere, features of odd oxygen and singlet oxygen, NO2

and HO2 species and other species like N

2O, NH

3, HNO

3 etc., in the atmosphere.

Pollutants: Meaning of Pollutant, different ways to express concentration of Pollutants

(mass concentration, volume concentration, mass volume concentration & ppm) various

pollutants like CO and CO2, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, oxidants, halogenated,

compounds, sulphur containing compounds and particulate matter monitoring and control

of these pollutants. Photochemical smog, Production of smog, hydrocarbon reactivities,

conversion of NO to NO2 oxidant dosage, reactions of O3 and singlet O

2.

SO2 Chemistry, Photolysis of SO

2, Photo-oxidation, free radical reactions. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Gilbert & Cundel: Photochemistry.

2. Calvert & Pits: Photochemistry.

3. J. Heicklen: Atmospheric Chemistry, Academic Press, New York.


Page 29

4. C.S. Rao: Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, New Age International (P)

limited publisher.

5. K.K. Rohtagi-Mukherjee: Photochemistry.


Page 30

PAPER-MCH 334: INSTRUMENTAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-I


Spectrophotometry

1. Verification of Lambert-Beer’s law.

2. Study the Cu2+_ EDTA complex by Job’s method.

3. Study the Cu2+_ EDTA complex by Titration method.

4. To determine the dissociation constant of methyl red by spectrophotometric

method.

5. To determine the dissociation constant of phenolphthalein.

6. Titration of Fe(II) with KMnO4 by spectrophotometric method.

7. To determine the concentration of Ni ion using EDTA by spectrophotometric

method.

8. Determination of the molar extinction coefficient.

Polarimetry

1. To find the specific rotation and molar rotation of optically active substances.

2. To find the strength of optically active substance in the given solution.

3. To determine the order of reaction and velocity constant for the inversion of cane

sugar in acidic medium.

4. To compare the strength of HCl and H2SO4 acids.

5. To find the percentage of d-sugar and d-tartaric acid in the given solution.


Page 31

PAPER-MCH 335: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-I


(I) Chemical Kinetics

a) To study the kinetics of reaction between potassium bromated and potassium

iodide in acidic medium at room temperature.

b) To study the kinetics of reaction between potassium bromated and potassium

iodide in acidic medium at three temperatures and hence to find out the activation

energy of the reaction.

c) To study the reaction between H2O2 and HI by clock method at three temperatures,

and hence to find out the activation energy of the reaction.

d) To study the kinetics of hydrolysis of tert.-butyl chloride by conductance

measurement.

(II) Phase Rule

a) To determine the CST and CSC for phenol/water system.

b) To find the eutectic point for two component systems i.e. naphthalene/benzoic acid

and benzoic acid/cinnamic acid systems.

c) To study the limit of homogeneity of three components (C6H5CH3, CH3COOH, and

H2O) system.

d) To study the limit of homogeneity of three components (CHCl3, CH3COOH, and H2O)

system.

(III) TLC

a) To separate and identify the given mixtures of colored compounds (azobenzene,

hydroxylazobenzene, p-aminoazobenzene).

b) To separate and identify the given mixtures of colorless compounds

(diphenylamine, benzophenone, naphthalene, biphenyl and anthracene).


Page 32

SEMESTER-IV

PAPER-MCH 401: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ADVANCED TOPICS IN

CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Concept and scope of Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Pollution, Green house

effect and global warming, chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere,

Pollutants, contaminants, sinks and receptor.

Air Pollution: Air Pollutants (CO, NO2, SO

2, HC, SPM), Photo chemical smog, Acid rain,

particulates, Air Pollution accidents TCDD (2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), Bhopal,

Chernobyl. Air Pollution monitoring instruments, Monitoring of SO2, NO-NOx, CO, CO

2 CH4,

Ozone).

Soil Pollution: Pollutants in soil, Agricultural Pollution, Role of micro nutrients in soil, Ion

exchange reaction in soil, monitoring techniques.

Water Pollution: Water Pollutants, Drinking water standards, Investigation of water

(Physical, Chemical and Biological) Important steps in water treatment (Coagulation,

filtration) disinfection, Sewage sludge methods, Trickler’s filters. Break point chlorination,

lime soda ash process, corrosion and scale formation, fluoridation, taste and color removal,

water quality monitoring instruments, Concept of Reverse Osmosis

Industrial Effluent Analysis: Quality of Industrial effluents, Physical methods of

classification, BOD, & COD of industrial effluents. Analysis of metal pollutants in effluents.


Page 33

Chemical Toxicology: Toxic Pollutants in environment, Threshold limiting value,

Biochemical effects of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, O3, PAN, CN, pesticides. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Green Chemistry

Introduction, the need of green chemistry, principles of green chemistry, planning of green

synthesis, tools of green chemistry, Green reagents, Applications of phase transfer

catalysts in green chemistry, Introduction to Microwave induced green synthesis with

applications, Use of ultrasound in green chemistry, Bio-catalysts and applications.

Mechanochemical synthesis, E-factor and eco scale.

Chemistry of Nanomaterials

Definition, historical perspective and effects of nanoscience and nanotechnology on various

fields, Synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical routes and characterization techniques:

Thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation; Growth of polyhedral particles by surface

reaction, Ostwald ripening, size distribution and hydrodynamic size; TEM; SEM; AFM;

Dynamic light; Light scattering; XPS.

Properties of nanostructured materials: Optical properties (Absorption, Emission and

SPR); magnetic properties; chemical properties. Overview of applied chemistry of

nanomaterials. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. S. M. Khopkar: Environmental Polluition Analysis.

2. Vogel's text book of Quantitative Chemical Analyses.

3. Green chemistry, V.K. Ahluwalia, Ane books.

4. P.T. Anastas and J.C. Warner Green chemistry, Oxford.

5. Diwan, Bharadwaj: Nanocomposites, Pentagon.

6. V.S. Muralidharan A. Subramania: Nanoscience and Technology Ane Books.

7. Environmental Chemistry: P.S. Sindhu

8. A Textbook of Environmental Chemistry: V. Subramaniam.

9. Principle of Inorganic Chemistry: Puri, Sharma, Kalia.

10. A. K. De: Environmental Chemistry.


Page 34

PAPER-MCH 411: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Nomenclature of organometallic compounds, types of ligands and their classifications in

organometallic componds, inert gas rule, transition metal compounds with bonds to

hydrogen, characterization of hydride complexes, hydrogen bridges, synthetic methods,

chemical behaviour of hydrido compounds, mononuclear polyhydrides, carbonyl hydride

and hydride anion, molecular hydrogen compounds, metal-hydrogen interactions with C-H

groups, complexes of borohydrides and aluminohydrides, compounds with transition metal

single, double and triple bonds to carbon.

Synthesis, structure and bonding aspects of some important organometallic compounds.

a) η1 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl ligands.

b) η2 alkene and alkyne complexes of transition metals.

c) Butadiene and cyclobutadiene complexes of transition metals.

d) cyclopentadiene complexes of transition metals-metallocenes with special emphasis

to ferrocenes). 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Homogenous catalysis by transition metal complexes: hydrogenation reactions, alkene

isomerisation, hydrosilation and hydroboration reactions, alkene hydrocyanation,

reactions of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen: the water gas shift reaction, the Fischer-

Tropsch reaction; hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds, alcohol carbonylation,

Zeigler Natta polymerization of ethene and propene, alkene dimerization and


Page 35

oligomerizations, reactions of conjugated dienes, reactions of alkynes, valence

isomerisation of strained hydrocarbons, alkene and alkyne metathesis, oxidative

carbonylations, alkene oxidations (Wacker process), alkane oxidations.

Transition metal carbon monoxide compounds: preparation of metal carbonyls:

mononuclear, binuclear, trinuclear, tetranuclear and larger polynuclear carbonyls.

Additional structural and bonding features: fluxionality, semibridging CO groups, side on

bonding to CO , oxygen to metal bonds, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls, detection of

bridging CO groups, molecular symmetry from the number of bands, bond angles and

relative intensities, force constants, prediction and assignment of spectra, carbonylate

anions, metal carbonyl hydrides, fluxional organometallic compounds. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley and Sons,Inc.

(5th and 6th editions).

2. Inorganic Chemistry by Shriver, Atkins and Longford, Oxford University Press 1990.

3. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E. Huheey.

4. Organometallic Chemistry by R.C. Mehrotra.

5. Organometallic compounds of transition metals by R.H. Crabtree.

6. Homogenous transition metal catalysis by Christopher Masters.

7. Organometallic Chemistry by Inderjeet Kumar

8. Basic Organometallic Chemistry by B.D. Gupta

9. Principle of Inorganic Chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Kalia.


Page 36

PAPER-MCH 412: ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Cluster Compounds

Molecular structures of clusters, metal carbonyl clusters, stereochemical non-rigidity in

clusters, electronic structures of clusters with п-acid ligands, isoelectronic and isolobal

relationships, structural pattern and synthesis of High Nuclearity Carbonyl Clusters

(HNCC’s), Electron counting scheme for HNCC’s, the capping rule, isoelectronic and isolobal

relationship, hetero atoms in metal atom clusters: carbide and nitride containing clusters,

HNCC’s of Fe, Ru, Os, Ni, Pd, Pt. Octahedral metal halides and chalcogenide clusters (M6X8

and M6X12 types), chevral phases, triangular clusters and solid state extended arrays,

compounds with M-M multiple bonds, major structural types, quadrupole bonds, other

bond orders in tetragonal context, relation of clusters to multiple bonds and one

dimensional solids.

Radiochemistry

Discovery of radioactivity, statistical aspect of radioactivity, naturally occurring radioactive

substances, nuclear structure and properties, nuclear reactions, comparison of nuclear and

chemical reactions, Q value of a reaction, partial and total cross sections, Bohr theory of

nuclear reactions, types of reactions, Oppenheimer Phillips process, Photonuclear

reactions, nuclear fission and fusion, chain reaction at very high energies, nuclear

transparency, slow neutron reactions cross section, equations of radioactive decay and

growth, applications of tracers in isotopic and exchange reactions. 33 Hrs.


Page 37

UNIT-II

Bio-inorganic Chemistry

Essential and trace elements, importance of metal ions in biological system, biochemistry of

iron, Iron storage and transport pigments, metalloporphyrins, mechanism of O2 binding

and transport by haemoglobin and myoglobin, cooperativity in Hb, Bohr effect, other O2

carrying pigments, hemerythrin and hemocyanin, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases, iron

sulphur proteins. Metalloenzymes: Zn enzymes carboxypeptidase and carbonic anhydrase,

Cu enzyme superoxide dismutase, Xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, nitrogen fixation

and nitrogenases, metal deficiency diseases, toxic effects of metals, metal complexes as

antitumour agents, chelation therapy. Supramolecular Chemistry

Introduction, some important concepts, introduction to recognition, information and

complementarity, principles of molecular receptor designs (crown ethers, cryptands,

calix[n] arenes etc.), spherical recognition (cryptates of metal cations), tetrahedral

recognition by macrotricyclic cryptands, cation binding hosts, binding of anions, binding of

neutral molecules, binding of organic molecules. Supramolecular reactivity and catalysis

(M.O.F., Nanocrystals), Supramolecular devics such as logic gates, switches and molecular

machines, transport processes and carrier design. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Inorganic Polymers by Stone and Graham.

2. Inorganic chemistry by Shriver and Atkins (4th edition) Oxford University Press

3. Nano: The Essentials; Understanding Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, T. Pradeep,

Tata McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry by H.J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe

5. Supramolecular Chemistry (Concepts and Perspectives) by Jean Marie Lehn.

6. Supramolecular Chemistry by Steed and Atwood.

7. Principle of Inorganic Chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Kalia.


Page 38

PAPER-MCH413: INORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY-II










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Basic principle and theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Larmor precession and

resonance interaction, rotating axis system magnetizing vectors and relaxations (Spin-

Spin,Spin-Lattice and Quadrupole), NMR transitions, NMR experiment, chemical shift,

mechanism of electron shielding and factors contributing to magnitude of chemical shift,

remote shielding from neighbour anisotropy, interatomic ring currents, splitting of signals,

spin-spin coupling mechanism, Nuclear overhausser effect, double resonance.

Applications of NMR

Application involving the magnitude of coupling constants, complex spectra obtained when

J=Δ, chemical exchange and other factors affecting the line width, Broadening of NMR

signals (Magic angle, Quadruple nuclei, Effect of paramagnetic ions), effect of chemical

exchange on spectra and the evaluation of reaction rates for fast reactions. Consequences of

nuclear with quadrupolar moment in NMR, exchange reactions between ligands and metal

ions. Stereochemical non-rigidity and fluxionality: Introduction, use of NMR in its detection,

its presence in trigonal bipyramidal molecules (PF5), Systems with coordination number

six (Ti(acac)2Cl2, Ti(acac)2Br2, Ta2(OMe)10). 33 Hrs.


Page 39

UNIT-II

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Introduction, similarities between EPR and NMR, behaviour of free electron in an external

magnetic field, basic principle of EPR, the hydrogen atom, presentation of the spectrum,

hyperfine splitting in isotropic systems involving more than one nucleus, contributions to

hyperfine coupling constant in isotropic systems. Anisotropy in the g-value, EPR of triplet

states, nuclear quadrupole interaction, line widths in EPR, applications of EPR.

Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Introduction, Principle, Conditions for Mössbauer Spectroscopy, parameters from

Mössbauer Spectra, Isomer shift, Electric Quadrupole Interactions, Magnetic Interactions

MB experiment, Application of MB spectroscopy in structural determination of the

following:

i) High spin Fe (II) and Fe (III) halides FeF2, FeCl2.2H2O, FeF3, FeCl3.6H2O. Low spin Fe (II)

and Fe (III) Complexes-Ferrocyanides, Ferricyanides, Prussian Blue.

ii) Iron carbonyls. Fe (CO)5, Fe2 (CO)9 and Fe3 (CO)12 .

iii) Inorganic Sn (II) and Sn (IV) halides.

Structural Elucidation of some molecules using various spectroscopic techniques. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Physical methods for Chemists by R.S. Drago.

2. Structure Methods in Inorganic Chemistry by E.A.V Ebsworth and W.H Renkin.

3. Molecular Spectroscopy by C.M. Banwell.

4. Electron Spin Resonance by J.E. Wertz & J.R. Bolton.

5. Principles of Inorganic Chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Kalia.


Page 40

PAPER-MCH 414: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-I


A. Preparation of following compounds and study of their important properties viz.

UV-Vis and IR spectra

I. Preparation of potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate ((III) and estimation of iron.

II. Preparation of nitrosyl bis (diethyldithiocarbamate) iron (I).

III. Preparation of hexamine cobalt chloride and estimation of cobalt.

IV. Preparation of cis and trans [Co(en)2Cl2 ] Cl].

V. Preparation of [I(Py)2NO3].

VI. Preparation of dipyridiniumhexachloroplumbate.

VII. Preparation of pyridine perchromate.

VIII. Preparation of butylxanthate.

IX. Preparation of bis(acetylacetonato) copper (II).

X. Preparation of sodium tetrathionate.

B. Analysis of

I. Alloys (Brass, bronze, solder)

II. Pesticides


Page 41

PAPER-MCH 415: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


1. Spectrophotometric analysis

a) Determination of Cu(II) with diethyl dithiocarbamate spectrophotometrically.

b) Determination of Fe(III) with potassium thiocyanate spectrophotometrically.

c) Determination of Cr(III) with diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometrically.

d) Determination of Ni(II) with dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometrically.

2. To determine stoichiometry of complex of Fe-1, 10 phenanthroline by

a) Job’s method

b) Mole-ratio method

3. To find out oscillator strengths and assignment of d-d bands to transitions in hexaaquo

ions of Cr(III), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and calculate 10 Dq and B for hexa aquo ion of Ni(II).

4. Verification of relative position of following ligands in spectrochemical series: H2O,

pyridine, NH3, DMSO, acetyl acetonate, ethylenediamine, acetate and urea.

5. To study the quenching phenomenon of organic dye using fluorescence spectroscopy.

6. Determination of Al3+ as its tris (acetylacetonato) complex by GC.


Page 42

PAPER-MCH 421: NAME REACTIONS AND REAGENTS IN

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Catalytic Hydrogenation (Pt, Pd, Ru, Tristriphenylphosphine, Rhodium chloride), Reduction

with Hydride transfer reagents (LiAlH4, NaBH4, B2H6, Me3SiH, di-isobutyl aluminium

hydride). Reduction by dissolving metals: – Reduction by Na(Hg) + H2O, Reduction with Zn,

Clemmensen reduction, Birch Reduction. Baker’s Yeast (enzymatic reduction), Catalytic

reduction (Lindlar’s catalyst, Rosenmund’s reduction, Raney Ni).

Reactivity and selectivity (stereoselectivity and chemoselectivity) of reduction.

Oxidation with ozone (O3), Peracids, Lead tetraacetate Pb(OAc)4 , Periodic acid (HIO4),

Osmium tetraoxide (OsO4), KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, HNO3, SeO2, Iodobenzene diacetate, Oxidation

with catalytic dehydrogenation with Sulphur, Selenium, Pd-C, Copper in presence of air.

Oxidation with DDQ, Chloranil and Oppenauer oxidation. Oxidation with Cr (VI) in acidic,

basic and neutral medium, Woodward and prevost hydroxylation, Reactivity and selectivity

of oxidation. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Some Special Reagents in Synthesis

Octacarbonyldicobalt, Pentacarbonyliron, Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), Diazomethane,

Willkinsons catalyst, Merrifield resin, Phase transfer catalyst and its applications, Crown


Page 43

ethers, Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA). Regioselective reagents of alkyl borane (9BBN,

Sia2BH, Ipc2BH).

Aluminium isopropoxide, Aluminium tertiarybutoxide, Tetracarbonyl Nickel, Reduction

with Organoboranes, Use of compounds of Thallium (III) in organic synthesis.

Organometallic Reagents

Methods of preparation and applications of Organozinc, Organomagnesium, Organolithium,

Organotin, Organocuprate, Organochromium compounds, Organopalladium, Zeigler-Natta

catalyst.

Selective Rearrangements in Organic Synthesis

Mechanism and applications of the following rearrangement, - Favorskii rearrangement,

Wagner-meerwein, Nametkin rearrangement, Lossen, curtius, Beckmann rearrangements,

Migratory aptitude. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reaction, Mechanism and Structure; Jerry March,

John Wiley.

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry; F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum.

3. Modern Organic Reactions; H.O. House, Benjamin.

4. Organic Chemistry Reactions and Reagents, O.P. Aggarwal, Goel Publishing House,

Meerut.

5. Reactions, Rearrangements and Reagents, S.N. Sanyal, Bharati Bhawan (P&D).

6. Applications of Redox and Reagents in Organic Synthesis,Dr. Ratan Kumar Kar. New

Central Book Agency, Delhi.

7. Name Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Dr. Arun R. Parikh, Dr. Hansa Parikh,

Foundation Books, Delhi.

8. Oxidation in Organic Synthesis, V.K. Ahluwalia, Ane Books Pvt. Limited

9. Name Reactions and reagents in Organic Synthesis, S. Renuga, Vishal Publishing Co.

10. Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W. Carruthers and L. Coldham, Cambridge

University Press.

11. Reagents in organic synthesis, Jagdambha Singh, L.D.S Yadav


Page 44

PAPER-MCH 422: ORGANIC SYNTHESIS










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

An introduction of synthesis and synthetic equivalents. General principle of disconnection

approach; Importance of order of event in organic synthesis. Introductory meaning of one

C-X and two C-X group’s disconnection. Reversal of polarity (umpolung). New application of

organosilicane compounds, cyclisation reactions of carbene and nitrenes. Protective

Groups: Principle of protection of alcoholic, amino, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups with

suitable examples from synthetic point of view.

Synthesis of alkene, β – elimination pyrolytic syn elimination, synthesis of allyl alcohol,

sulphoxide sulphenate rearrangement, through phosphorous ylide, decarboxylation of β –

lactum stereo selective synthesis of tri-tetra substituted alkenes through use of acetylenes.

Use of nitro compounds in organic synthesis. Fragmentation of sulphonates, oxidative

decarboxylation of carboxylic acids. Decomposition of toulene p-sulphonylhydrazones,

stereospecific synthesis from – 1, 2-diols. Stereoselective route to γ, δ–carbonyl

compounds.

C-C bond formation: Generation and importance of enolate ion,

regioselectivity,stereoselectivity. Generation of dianion and their alkylation, alkylation of

relatively acidicmethylene groups. Hydrolysis and decarboxylation of alkylated product, O-

Vs-C alkylation,C-alkylation of vinyl group, aryl group. Formation of enamines and

alkylation. Alkylation ofcarbon by conjugate additions.

One group C-C - disconnection: Disconnection of simple alcohols, of simple olefins, carbonyl

compounds control in synthesis, Friedal Craft type examples. 33 Hrs.


Page 45

UNIT-II

Reaction of carbon nucleophiles with carbonyl group: Condensation process

favouredequilibrium by dehydration of aldol products, under acidic and basic conditions,

Amine catalysed condensation, Mannich Reaction, Nucleophilic addition, Cyclisation

process, Derzen, Perkin, Stobbe reaction. Sulphur slides, phosphorous ylides and related

spices as nucleophiles.

Diels Alder Reaction: General feature dienophile diene, intramolecular Diels Alder reaction

stereochemistry and mechanisms, photo sentized Diels Alder Reaction, homo Diels Alder

reaction, ene synthesis, cycloaddition reaction of allyl cations/anions. Retro-Diels Alder's

Reaction.

Two Group Disconnections 1,3-Difunctionalized compound α-hydroxy carbonyl

compounds.α1β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, 1,3-di carbonyl compounds, α1β-

unsaturated lactones, 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds michael disconnection, use of Mannich

Reaction in disconnection, Robinson's annelation.

Synthesis of the following natural product using disconnection approach. Caryophyllene,

Pencilline, Cephalosporin, 11-Oxoprogestrone, 11-Hydroxy progesterone, Aphidicaline and

Juvabione. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. W. Carruther: Some Modern Method of Organic Synthesis.

2. H. O. House: Modern Synthetic Reactions.

3. I. L. Finar: Organic Chemistry, Vol.2.

4. R.O.C. Norman; J.M. Coxon: Principles of Organic Synthesis.


Page 46

PAPER-MCH 423: HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT I

Nomenclature of Heterocycles: Replacement and systematic nomenclature (Hantzsch-

widman System) for monocyclic fused and bridged Heterocycles.

Aromatic Heterocycles: General chemical behaviour of aromatic heterocycles

classification (structural type) criteria of aromaticity (bond length ring current and

chemical shift in H NMR- Spectra empirical resonance energy delocalization energy and

Dewar resonance energy Diamagnetic susceptibility exaltations).

Non-aromatic Heterocycles: Strain-bond angle and torsional strains and their

consequences in small ring heterocycles. Conformation of six-membered heterocycles with

reference to molecular Geometry, barrier to ring inversion, pyramidal inversion and 1, 3-

diaxial interaction. Stereoelectronic effects- anomeric and related effects. Attractive

interactions-hydrogen bonding and intermolecular nucleophilic-electrophilic interactions.

Three membered ring with one heteroatom : Oxirane, Aziridine, Thirane : Introduction,

synthetic methods, Direct insertion of heteroatom into carbon-carbon-double bond,

methylene insertion reaction, cyclisation method, condensation reaction, Nucleophillic and

Electrophillic ring opening. Reaction involving extrusion of the heteroatoms.

Four membered Heterocyclics with one Heteroatom : Oxetane, Oxetene,

thitenes,thitanes, Azitidines : Introduction, Synthetic method, Cyclisation reaction, Direct

combination method, Reaction electrophillic, Nucleophillic ring opening and General

chemical reactions. 33 Hrs.


Page 47

UNIT II

Benzo-Fused Five-Memberd Heterocycles: Synthesis and reaction including medicinal

applications of benzopyrroles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes

Five membered Heterocyclics with two heteroatoms : Pyrazole and Imidazoles

:Introduction, Physical properties, Structure, Synthetic method, Electrophillic and

Nucleophillic reactions.

Isoxazole and Oxazole : Introduction, Physical and chemical properties of isoxazole and

oxazoles and their derivatives.

Isothiazole and Thiazoles : Physical and chemical properties, synthetic reactions.

Meso-ionic Heterocycles: General classification chemistry of some important meso-ionic

heterocycles of type-A and B and their applications.

Six membered Heterocyclic with two heteroatoms. Introduction: Pyridazine,

Pyrimidine, Pryazine. Synthetic approaches. Chemical reactions; Electrophillic substitution,

Nucleophillic substitution, Side chain reactivity.

Oxazines : Classification, nomenculature structure, Synthetic approaches and chemical

reactions. 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Acheson, R.M. An Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, 3rd

Edition, John Wiley, 1976.

2. A. R. Katrizky: Handbook of Heterocyclics.

3. Lee A. Paquette: Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry.

4. P-de-Mayo: Molecular Rearrangement, Vol.1.

5. Gupta, R.R.; Kumar, M.; Gupta, V Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. 1-3, Springer Verlag,

1998.

6. Joule, J.A.; Mills, K.; Smith, G. F. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Chapman and Hall,

1998.

7. Katrizky, A.R.; Rees, C.W. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2nd Edition,

Pergamon Press, 1997.

8. Gilchrist T. L., Heterocyclic Chemistry 3rd edition, Pearson


Page 48

PAPER-MCH 424: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-I


Multi-step Synthesis

I. Phenyl isothiocynate from Aniline

(i) To prepare Diphenyl thiourea (Thiocarbanilide) from Aniline.

(ii) To prepare phenyl isothiocynate from thiocarbanilide.

II. Cyclopentanone from cyclohexanone

(i) To prepare adipic acid from cyclohexanone (oxidation).

(ii) To prepare cyclopentanone from adipic acid.

III. 5-hydroxy-1, 3-Benzoxazol-2-one from hydroquinone

(i) To prepare p-benzoquinone from hydroquinone.

(ii) To prepare 5-hydroxy-1, 3-Benzoxazol-2-one from p-benzoquinone.

IV. β Aminobezenesulfonamide from acetanilide

(i) To prepare p-acetamidobenzene sulphonyl chloride from Acetanilide.

(ii) To prepare p- acetamidobenzene sulphonamide from p- acetamidobenzene

sulphonyl chloride.

(iii) To prepare p-aminobezene sulfonamide from p-acetamidobenzene sulphonamide.

V. p-Bromo/ Nitro acetanilide from aniline

(i) To prepare Acetanilide from Aniline (Acetylation).

(ii) To prepare p-bromoacetanilide from Acetanilide (Bromination).

(iii) To prepare p-nitroacetanilide from Acetanilide (Nitration).

VI. α-Benzyl cyclohexanone from cyclohexanone

(i) To prepare enamine from morpholine and cyclohexanone.

(ii) To benzyl ate the enamine and hydrolyse it to a Benzylcyclohexanone.

VII. Photochemical Reaction

(i) Benzophenone to Benzpinacol

(ii) Photochemical isomerisation of Azobenzene

NOTE: Subject to the availability of Instrument/Chemicals, the experiments can be substituted

by alternate experiments.


Page 49

PAPER MCH-425: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


1. Quantitative Estimation by Extraction Method

a) To determine percentage purity of sodium benzoate in the given sample by

extraction method.

b) To find percentage. purity of sodium salicylate by extraction method.

2. Olefinic bond

a) To determine percentage purity of allylacohol by addition method using

brominating reagent.

b) To find the amount of mesityl oxide using brominating reagent.

3. Diols

a) To determine the percentage purity of given sample of glycol using periodic

acid.

b) To determine the amount of glycerol per litre using periodic acid.

4. Chromatography

a) Separation and identification of alkaloids by paper or thin layer chromatography

and determination of Rf values.

b) Separation of mixture of glucose, fructose and sucrose by paper chromatography

and determination of Rf values.

c) Separation of mixture of glucose, fructose and sucrose by thin layer chromatography and

determination of Rf values.

d) Separation of o- and p- nitrophenols by column chromatography.

5. Spectrophotometric (UV/VIS) Estimations

a) Amino Acid

b) Carbohydrate

c) Cholesterol

d) Ascorbic Acid

e) Aspirin

f) Caffeine

NOTE: Subject to the availability of Instrument/chemicals, the experiments can be substituted

by alternate experiments.


Page 50

PAPER-MCH 431: SPECTROSCOPY –II





The question paper will consist of three units: I, II, and III. Unit I and II will have four questions

from the each unit of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Unit III will consist of 8 questions

from whole syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.


Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each unit I, II and unit III is compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Mass Spectrometry

Introduction, basic theory, useful terms concerning components of mass spectrometer, dynamics

of electron molecular collisions in mass spectrometery, factors influencing fragmentation,

recording of mass spectrogram, resolution of mass spectrometer, types of ions produced in a

mass spectrometer, general rules for interpretation of molecular mass spectra, evaluation of

heats of sublimation of solids, molar mass determination by mass spectrometery, finger print

application of mass spectra, some examples of mass spectra, quantitative analysis of mass

spectra, applications of mass spectroscopy.

Photoelectric effect

Introduction, discovery, laws of photoelectric emission, mechanism of photoelectric emission,

photoelectric cells.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)

Introduction, basic principles of PES, theory of PES, comparison with other methods,

Koopman’s theorem, applications of PES.

Auger electron Spectroscopy (AES)

Introduction, basic principles of AES, theory of AES, applications of AES. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Introduction, Mossbauer effect, principle, Mossbauer active nuclei, parameters required for

evaluating Mossbauer spectra, applications.


Page 51

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS) Introduction, general theory, advantages of Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy, limitations of

AFS

Flame Photometry

Introduction, general principles of flame photometry, instrumentation, effect of solvent in flame

photometry, limitations of flame photometry.

Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism

Theory of polarized light, optical activity and optically active molecules, optical rotatory

dispersion (ORD), circular dichroism (CD), Cotton effect, Octant rule, Faraday and Kerr effect,

instrumentation, applications of ORD and CD.

Refractometry

Introduction, general theory, Abbe’s refractometer, specific and molar refractions,

instrumentation, optical exaltation, applications of refractometry. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1 .C.N. Banwell: Molecular Spectroscopy

2. G.M. Barrow: Molecular Spectroscopy

3. M. Chandra: Atomic structure, chemical bonding including Molecular Spectroscopy

4. Jagmohan: Principle and applications of Organic Spectroscopy

5. Sham K Anand & Gurdeep R. Chatwal :- Physical Spectroscopy

6. C.A. Mc dowell: Mass spectrometry

7. J Mendham, M Thomas, B Sivasankar: Text book of quantitative chemical analysis (VI

addition)


Page 52

PAPER-MCH 432: SOLID STATE AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Crystallography and X-Rays

Crystallography: Crystals, crystals lattices, unit cell and crystal systems, Bravias lattice,

direction and lattice planes, Miller indices, reciprocal lattice, derivation of spacing formula

for cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic crystals, stereographic projections, crystal structure

of CsCl, NaCl, diamond, ZnS,CaF2. point defects, stoichiometric and non stoichiometric

crystal defects, thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defects formation, color centres ,

line defects and plane defects.

Nature of X-Rays: Introduction, the continuous spectrum, the characteristic spectra,

absorption of X-Rays (Photographic method and counters). X-Ray Diffraction

X-Ray Diffraction and the directions of diffracted beam, X-Ray spectroscopy, methods of X-

Ray diffraction-Bragg’s method and Laue’s method, derivation of Bragg’s law and Laue’s

law from concept of reciprocal lattice, Rotating crystal method, Powder method, diffraction

under non-ideal conditions, the intensities of differacted beams scattered by an electron,

atom and unit cell, the structure factor and its calculations, the factors influencing the

intensity of diffracted lines on the powder pattern, determination of crystal structure,

indexing patterns of non cubic crystals, electron differaction scattering by gases, Wierl

equation, measurement techniques.

Neutron diffraction


Page 53

Introduction, measurement technique, difference between neutron and X-Ray Diffraction.

33 Hrs.

UNIT-II

Radiation Chemistry

Sources, natural radioactivity, nuclear reactors, artificial radioactivity, Radiation sources,

machine sources, Vande Graff accelerator, cyclotron, microwave linear accelerator.

Absorption of radiation for X rays and gamma rays, photoelectric absorption, Compton

scattering, pair production and total absorption coefficient for fast electrons-excitation and

ionization, stopping power and linear energy transfer and other interactions for heavy

particles, charged particles and neutrons comparison of effects of different types of

radiations.

Radiation dose and its measurement: significance, units, measurement by chemical

methods-Frick’s dosimeter and by ionization in gases.

Laser and Maser

Introduction, laser beam characteristics, directionality, intensity, monochromaticity and

coherence, laser action, spontaneous and stimulated emission, amplification, population

inversion, negative absorption, pumping (optical, electrical etc.) ,two level systems,

possibility of amplification, population inversion in three and four level systems, optical

resonators, solid laser-(Ruby laser), gas lasers, chemical lasers, HCl and HF lasers, Q-

switching, Raman laser action, stimulated Raman scattering, semiconductor lasers, band

model theory for metals Intrinsic and impurity semiconductor, p-n junctions

semiconductor diode laser, Maser, two level maser systems ammonia maser (principal and

working), applications of lasers and masers, projections of intense energy, absorption

spectra focused beam, power transmission, satellite nudging, communication atmospheric

optics . 32 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. B.D. Cullity: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction

2. R.S. Drago: Physical Methods in Chemistry

3. A.J. Swallow: Radiation Chemistry

4. B.B Laud: Laser and non linear optics

5. B.A. Lengyel: Introduction to Lasers


Page 54

PAPER-MCH 433: SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND POLYMER CHEMISTRY










compulsory.


assignments.

UNIT-I

Surface Chemistry I

Adsorption, absorption, gas solid interface, physiosorption, chemisorption, cumulative and

depletive chemisorption, Elovich equation, heat and activation energy of adsorption,

factors on which adsorption depends, difference between chemical and physical

adsorption, unimolecular layer, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Tempkin

isotherm ,multilayer adsorption isotherms, BET theory and Harkins-Jura theory, statistical

treatment of Langmuir adsorption isotherm , Nature and significance of constant c in BET

equation, Thermodynamics of insoluble surface films on liquids, adsorption from solutions

on solids, determination of surface area of adsorption by BET method, Gibbs adsorption

equation and its verification, two dimensional perfect gas equation Gibb’s and Langmuir

equation, surface films.

Surface Chemistry II

Kinetics of heterogeneous reaction at solid surfaces, Kinetics and mechanisms of surface

reactions, unimolecular and bimolecular surface reactions, retardation of reactants and

products, activation energies of surface reactions, surface active substances, surface

inactive substances, surface pressure, absolute rate theory of heterogeneous reaction,

different types of surfaces ,examinations of surfaces using Electron spectroscopy for

chemical analysis (ESCA), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Scanning tunneling

microscopy (STM), Photo electron spectroscopy (PES) and low energy electron diffraction


Page 55

(LEED), properties of surface phase, surfactant, micelles, wetting, surface tension,

interfacial tension, detergency, Electrokinetic effects, Important applications of surface

chemistry. 33 Hrs.

UNIT-II Polymer Chemistry

Introduction, classification of polymers, Types of stereoisomerism of polymers, properties

of stereoregular polymers, kinetics of polymers, thermodynamics of polymer solutions

(Flory-Huggins Theory), structure dynamics, composition and polymerization mechanism,

physical states, determinants of polymer crystallinity, degree of polymerization , chain

length.

Step Polymerization

Reactivity of functional groups, basis for analysis of polymerization, kinetics of step

polymerization, self catalysed polymerization, external catalysis of polymerization, step

polymerization other than poly esterification nonequivalent of functional groups in

polyfunctional reagents.

Radical Chain Polymerization

Overall kinetics of chain polymerization, initiation, thermal decomposition of initiators,

types of initiators, kinetics of initiation and polymerization, dependence of polymerization

rate on monomer, photochemical initiation, initiation by ionizing radiation, pure thermal

radiation, redox initiation.

Molecular weight of polymers

Number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight, poly dispersed index

(PDI), Molecular weight determination by osmotic pressure method, diffusion method, light

scattering method, sedimentation method, and viscosity method. 33 Hrs.

Books Recommended:

1. Principles of polymerization by George Odian.

2. Principles of polymer chemistry by Paul J. Flory.

3. Text book of physical chemistry by Glasstone.

4. Text book of physical chemistry by G.M.Barrow.

5. Surface chemistry by A. Singh and R. Singh.

6. Text book of physical chemistry of surfaces by Arthur W. Adamson.

7. Surface chemistry by Elaine M. McCash.


Page 56

PAPER-MCH 434: INSTRUMENTAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


(I) Conductance Measurements

1. To determine the cell constant of a conductivity cell.

2 To verify Ostwald dilution law for a given weak electrolyte and determine its dissociation

constant.

3 To verify Walden Rule.

4. To determine solubility of lead sulphate.

5. To determine degree of hydrolysis of the salts.

6. To verify Debye-Huckel Onsager equtation.

7. To determine the strength and composition of the solution of HCl , CH3COOH and CuSO4

by titrating it against NaOH.

8. To follow the titration of aqueous solution of lead nitrate against sodium sulphate

solution.

9. To follow the titration of aqueous solution of potassium chloride against silver nitrate

solution.

10. To determine CMC of a surfactant.

(II) pH Measurements

1. To determine the strength and composition of the solution of HCl and CH3COOH by

titrating it against NaOH.

2. To determine dissociation constant of weak acid and weak base.

3 To determine buffer capacity of the given buffer solution.

4. To determine degree of hydrolysis of the salts of weak acids and strong bases and that of

strong acids and weak bases.

(III) Potentiometry

1. To determine the strength of HCl solution by titrating it against NaOH.

2. To determine the strength of CH3COOH solution by titrating it against NaOH.

3. To determine the strength of HCl and CH3COOH solution by titrating it against NaOH.

4 To determine the dissociation constant of CH3COOH.

5 To determine the concentration of a reductant or an oxidant.

6. Determination of the solubility of the sparingly soluble salts.

7. To study precipitation reactions.

8. To determine the composition of zinc ferrocyanide complex.


Page 57

PAPER-MCH 435: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS-II


(I) Photochemistry:-

1. Intensity of the lamp/Quantum yield of the reaction.

(a) To draw calibration curve for various concentrations of FeSO4/1-10-phenanthroline

complex and hence to find the coefficient of its molar absorptivity.

(b) To find out the intensity of the lamp (visible light) by ferrioxalate actinometer.

2. Methylene blue sensitized photo oxidation of diphenylamine.

(a) To study the rate of formation of the product in the above photochemical reaction

with increasing quanta of light absorbed and to find the quantum yield of this reaction.

(b) To study the effect of following parameters on the above reaction.

(i) Effect of methylene blue concentration.

(ii) Effect of diphenylamine concentration.

(II) Spectroscopy

To study the effect of extended conjugation on the wavelength of maximum absorption

of organic compounds.

(III) Partial molal volumes

To find partial molal volumes of urea ,NaCl, and ethanol in aqueous solutions.

(IV) Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)

To determine the CMC for the formation of micelles from the spectral behaviour of a

dye.

(V) Flame Photometry

To determine the concentration of ions like Na+, K+ ions in the given solution.

SYLLABUS - Mata Gujri · consist of 8 questions from whole syllabus and will be of 2 marks each....

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Transcript of SYLLABUS - Mata Gujri · consist of 8 questions from whole syllabus and will be of 2 marks each....