SWH101 - Block E - Additional System Components JG

7/30/2019 SWH101 - Block E - Additional System Components JG

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/swh101-block-e-additional-system-components-jg 1/48

SOLAR W ATER HEATING INTRODUCTION

Additional System Components

Source: http://www.solarsupply.com/images/Grundfos1.jpg



Development and Use

This presentation was developed as a result of apartnership with (list organizations) and (list instructors)as part of the Midwest Solar Training Network withleadership from the Midwest Renewable EnergyAssociation.

The development of this presentation was supported withfunding from U.S. Department of Energy as part of thegrant DE-EE0002089.001

All materials in this presentation are designed expressly

for educational purposes and for open public use. Theymay not be used for publication or commercialadvertisement.

Source:



Contributors

Authors/Co-Authors: Benjamin Nusz, Mid-State Technical College

Editors/Reviewers: Jack Gutschenritter, Wisconsin Solar Installations

Sharon Alexander , Hot Water Products Alex Depillis, EcoEnergy LLC

Andy DeRocher , Full Spectrum Solar

John Hippensteel, Lake Michigan Wind and Sun

Mark Morgan, Bearpaw Design and Const.

John Price, Access Solar Energy Systems

Bob Ramlow, Artha Sustainable Living Center

Karl Schwingel, Northwind Renewable Energy

Todd Timmerman, Timmerman’s Talents

Ron Wroblewski, Productive Energy Solutions



Content Summary

The following covers the additional components thatare installed in solar water heating systems.

Outline

Solar Storage Tanks Heat Exchangers

Pumps

Valves

Differential Temperature Controllers

Expansion Tanks

Piping and Insulation

Source:



Solar Storage Tanks

Storage Tanks with InternalHeat Exchangers

Storage Tanks w/ ExternalHeat Exchangers

Two types of configurations:

Thermosiphon

Double-pumped

Caleffi2008



Indirect Tanks with Internal Heat

Exchangers – Coil inside tank

http://www.seattleplumber.com/images/WHIndirectpic.gif

Scale build up aroundcoil

Great surface area for heat transfer

Some coils arewhirled or rifled toincrease surface area

Requires galvanicprotection or stainlesscoil

HWP 2010

http://411plumb.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Bock-SideKick-Indirect-Water-Heater.jpg




Exchangers – Coil around tank

http://img.alibaba.com/photo/265364637/JPS_single_copper_coil_solar_tank_solar_water_heater_.jpg

Less scale build up

Less surface areafor heat transfer

Can use standardcopper coil withoutcoating




Exchangers – Jacketed (Tank-in-Tank)

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0422/5adb8d6

Low scale build up

Great surface area for heat transfer

High volume of glycol needed - $$



Storage Tanks with External Heat

Exchangers

Most require a double pumpconfiguration

Solar Pump and Water Pump

Plate type Smaller, more head loss

Tube in shell

Larger, less head loss



External or Internal Heat Exchanger?

Internal heat exchangers: Usually cost less

Easier installation and simpler system

Fewer pumps

Multiple components limited by tank life External heat exchangers:

Easier serviceability of components in case of failureor mineral build-up

Heat exchanger variety in size and type



Heat Exchanger Plate Type

http://courses.ucsd.edu/rherz/ceng120/notes/heat_exchangers/fp_heatexchangersuk_com.gif http://www.genemco.com/aloe/movingheatexchanger.gif

Plate Type Stainless, Cupronickel

(copper nickel alloy),galvanized, etc…

Can be single or double

walled



Heat Exchanger Tube-in-Shell (Cane Bundle)

http://www.sunearthinc.com/SunTherm.html

AAAsolar.com



Drainback

Tanks

Hold all of thesolar fluid

Optional features

Site glass Internal heat

exchanger

http://www.sunearthinc.com/DrainbackTanks.html

http://www.aetsolar.com/literature/DB%20Specs.pdf



Multiple heat exchanger tanks

The German Solar Energy Society. 2005. Planning and Installing Solar Thermal Systems: AGuide for Installers, Architects and Engineers. Earthscan: Frieberg, Germany.

Multiple heatexchangers in asingle tank

Allows for multiple

inputs or outputs Can be pressurized

or atmospheric



http://renewableenergyengineering.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/Thermal-Storage-Tank-With-Heat-Exchangers.122133131_std.jpg

Multiple heat exchanger tanks

http://users.telenet.be/hagim/zonne_energie/solar_collectors.htm



Large Volume Storage TanksStainless Steel

•Built to fit through doorways

•Custom fabricated

•Square tanks have Greater volume per area but are weaker at the seams

Nusz, Benjamin



Large Volume Storage TanksEPDM Lined Tanks

•EPDM Lined solar storage tanks

•Collapsible to fit into basements

http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/WaterHeating/LargeDB/solar%20DHW%2047th%20st.%2011.10.06%20011.jpg

http://education.nachi.org/images/upload/solar_thermal_storage_tank_coils.JPG



•Fiberglass Tanks

•Can be sectional

•Relatively inexpensive

Large Volume Storage TanksSpun Fiberglass Tanks

www.raventank.com

AAASolar.com



•Can be installed outdoors or installed

during intial construction

•Relatively inexpensive

•Must be buried or provided withadditional supports

Large Volume Storage TanksCast Concrete Tanks

http://www.ecbabbert.com/uploads/images/Septic%20-%20Aeration/Septic%20Tank%202.JPG

http://www.classconcrete.com/Images/Construction/100_0025.JPG



Large Volume Storage TanksWooden Tanks

•Home-made Solar Storage Tank

•Wooden Frame

•EPDM Lining

•Short Lifespan

•Develop Leaks

http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/drum/multi_30.jpg



Large Volume TanksMultiple Tanks

Less Efficient More heat exchangers and

more heat loss

More Expensive

More Complicated toPlumb

Shorter Lifespan

Parallel

ConfigurationSchwingel, Karl



Circulation Pumps

Pressurized systems use low head circulators(available in AC or DC models)

Only need to overcome the friction in the pipes

Unpressurized drainback systems use high head

circulators (available in AC only) Must overcome pipe friction and gravity

More strongly consider an AC pump for evacuatedtube collectors

Greater resistance through header



AC Pumps

Circulating pumps to movesolar fluid or water

Controlled by differentialtemperature controller

Parasitic losses More significant in drainback

systems due to larger pump size

Timers and multiple pumps

Variable speeds and multiple

speed settings

Bronze, Cast and Stainlessbody construction

http://www.solarsupply.com/images/Grundfos1.jpg

http://www.houseneeds.com/shop/images/Taco_Circulator.jpg



Low Head

Circulators

Caleffi 2008



Caleffi 2008

High Head

Circulators



DC Pumps

Very small circulatingpumps

Controlled by directconnection with PV

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)

Don’t always need a DTC,

but occasionally installed

Electronically drivenimpellers

http://www.carhil.com.au/images/353_Pump_Detail.jpg

http://www.siliconsolar.com/shop/solarimages/El-Sid-Solar-Circulating-Pump_T.jpg

March Pumps 2010



Propylene Glycol

Antifreeze solution

Biodegradable, non-toxicand food grade

Used quite commonly in thefood and beauty productsindustry

Proprietary blends of corrosion inhibitors andstabilizers

Rated to withstand at least350F continuous

http://www.dermaxime.com/images/propylene-glycol.jpg

Lower specific heatcapacity than water (0.85Btu/lb @50%concentration)

Mix of ~50% for pressurized and 30%for drainback



Check Valve

Allow fluid in onlyone direction

Prevent reversethermosiphoning

and night time heatlosses

Vacation bypass

Spring Type

Swing Type

http://www.brass-valves.com

http://lh3.ggpht.com/_YOjepBEvjc8/SSC4RUhxA5I/AAAAAAAACRw/ozq6TBP1Z-U/s400/Swing%20Check%20valve.PNG

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0422/5adb8d638027c/5adb8d72b08dc.jpg

iff i l T



Differential Temperature

Controller (DTC)

Measures collector and tanktemperatures

Controls pumps or valves

Multiple control options

Staged pumps Overheat protection

Space heating integration

High-Limit (drainback only)

Data logging and WI-FI

Lightning protection andgrounding

http://www.sun-volt.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/dtc-eagle-2.jpg

http://www.resol.de/Produktfotos/DeltaSolDB_500x500.jpg



Automatic Air Vent

Allows entrapped air bubbles to escape thesystem

Highest point of thesystem

Experience extremetemps on solar loop

Pressurized systems

and potable water loops only

Oftentimes isolatedand removed

http://www.caleffi.us/en_US/caleffi/Details/News/images/AirVentWP.JPG

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0422/5adb8d638027c/5ad



Ball Valves

Used to stop or slow flow

Can be used toregulate flow

Isolation valves

Full port or fullflow

http://www.spiraxsarco.com/images/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/12/2/fig_12_2_1.gif



Gate Valves

Used to stop flow ona hydronic loop

Only intended to befully open or fully

closed Generally not used

on the solar loop

http://www.poolplaza.com/pool-school/gate_valves.gif



Boiler Drains

Used to add or removefluid from the system

Ball or gate type

Remember to tightenthe seals before use

http://www.hardwarestore.com/media/product/246991_front200.jpg

http://www.plumbersurplus.com/images/prod/6/Mueller-102-054HC-rw-165244-243248.jpg



Thermostatic Mixing Valve

Combines supplies of hot and coldwater to a specific temperature setting

Adjusts ratio of hot and cold based onsupply temperatures

Anti-scald safety device

Increases available heat from storagetank

Optional Check valves to prevent heat bleeding into

the cold line

Unions for removal and cleaning

Adjustable temperature output

Not a tempering valve

Honeywell.com

http://www.ecomfortusa.com/images/Caleffi_ Solar_Thermostatic_mixing_valve.jpg

T t d



Temperature and

Pressure Relief Valve

Safety valve for bothtemperature and pressure

Code required for anypressurized vessel connected

to a heat source Not used on the

solar loop

Drain pipe needs

to terminate within

6” of the floor

http://www.farrellthurston.com/restricted/tinymce/jscripts/tiny _mce/plugins/imagemanager/files/pressure-valve.png

http://www.nefa.com.au/media/20474/pressure%20&%20temperature%20relief%20valve%20sectioned.gif



Pressure Relief Valves

Used on the solar loop to preventdangerous pressures

Indicator of system failure

Pre-set or adjustable

80-90psi release Drain pipe attached

that terminates

within 6” of

the floor

Use a bucket

to catch fluid

http://www-3.plumbworld.co.uk/12-3-bar-ff-pressure-relief-valve-with-000060M.jpg

http://shop.solardirect.com/images/p_watts530c_050_d.gif



Packaged Systems

Plug and play solar water heating systems

Contain all parts for afunctioning system

May not be one size fitsall

http://www.siliconsolar.com/shop/solarimages/Solar-Station--double-pump-_D1249594279.jpg

http://www.heliodyne.com/products_systems/pops/swh_cool.html



Pressure gauges (usually 0-100 psi)

Temperature gauges (usually 0-250°F)

Both sides of the heat exchanger to see the temperaturerise/drop

Between solar storage and back-up water heater

After the mixing valve

Mount gauges facing out or down so that they do

not trap air bubbles

Temperature and Pressure Gauges



Provides space for fluidexpansion

Rubber bladder

Pressurized on opposite side

Expansion Tank

DeRocher

2009



Copper

Hard or soft

Type M, L, or K (thinnest to thickest wall)

Solder – 95/5 or stronger

PEX (cross-linked polyethylene)

Cheaper per foot

Needs more support

Lower temp and pressure ratings

Generally not appropriate for hot side of solar loop

Corrugated Stainless Steel Flex Pipe Easy installation

High head

Higher cost

Piping



Temp ratings: 200°F return / 250°F supply

Elastomeric, closed cell foam Armaflex

K-flex

Rubatex

FiberglassConcerns with waterlogging

Exterior requirements: moisture, UV, animals

Usually needs jacketing ¾” wall thickness (R-3) minimum

Insulation



System Configuration

Boiler Drain

Boiler Drain

DeRocher 2009



Works Cited



Additional Resources

Provide a list of resources for further investigation,including books, websites, and organizations

SWH101 - Block E - Additional System Components JG

Documents

Transcript of SWH101 - Block E - Additional System Components JG