Year: 7 Term: 1a Topic: Swanscombe Man

Lesson Sequence 1. Enquiry skills in History 2. Explore how the

Swanscombe Man was found.

3. Consider the Swanscombe Man as historical evidence.

4. Explore prehistoric life.

Useful Resources

http://www.swanscombeheritagepark.co.uk/interpretation.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zpny34j

Key Words

Enquiry To seek information about something. Archaeologist A person who studies ancient cultures by the scientific analysis of physical remains.

Investigation Careful search or examination in order to discover facts or information.

Biased Having an unfair or one-sided view for or against someone or something.

Palaeolithic Of the period from about 2.5 to 3 million years ago until about 12 000 BC, during which primate man emerged and unpolished chipped stone tools were made.

Prehistoric Of man’s development before the appearance of the written word. Written word appeared around 3,000 BC.

Neolithic Of the period that lasted in Europe from about 4000 to 2400 BC, characterised by primitive farming and the use of polished stone and flint tools and weapons.

Mesolithic Of the middle period of the Stone Age, in Europe from about 12,000 to 3000 BC.

Alliance

Key dates of discovery

29th June 1935 Alvan T. Marston, a dentist, discovered a human bone in Swanscombe.

15th March 1936 Marston found a second piece of the same skull. This was from the left side of the skull.

30th July 1955 John Wymer found a third separate part of the skull. This was 24.5 metres away.

Palaeolithic lifestyle: - Pointed tools for skinning and butchering animals - Animal prey included rhinoceros, deer and horse - Hunting involved dangerously close contact with large prey animals - People tended to stay near rivers for water - Nomadic people – moved around and did not create permanent settlements - No development of farming techniques or agriculture

Prehistoric timeline

Key Concepts The problems with historical enquiry are: - Sources are often biased or unreliable - Sources are not always available, particularly

in the prehistoric period - We never have a direct window into the past,

and always have to be careful of our modern perspective

Archaeological studies - Scientists agree that the skull belonged to a

young woman - This is due to the delicate muscle attachments - This can be used to reveal the shape and size

of the brain of humans at that time Sources - Primary = first-hand evidence from the event - Secondary =evidence that has one or more

steps removed from the event Dates – BC/AD BC = ‘Before Christ’. These dates becomes smaller as they approach 0. AD – Latin ‘Anno Domini’, meaning ‘in the year of our Lord’.

History of the Earth before humans - 4.56 billion years ago –

formation of the Earth - 230 – 65 million years ago

– Mesozoic Era (dinosaurs) - 2.8 million years ago –

earliest human-like creatures – Palaeolithic Era

Year: 7 Term: 1a Topic: the Norman Invasion

Lesson Sequence 1. To explore the state of

England in 1066. 2. To understand the

arguments over who should become king.

3. To explore the Battle of Fulford.

4. To explore the Battle of Stamford Bridge.

5. To explore the Battle of Hastings.

6. To explore reasons why the Normans won.

7. Revision for EA 1 8. Key Assessment 1 (EA 1) 9. Feedback on EA 1 10. To explore Norman castle

design.

Core Text KS3 History – Medieval Britain (410-1509) by Robert Peal. Section on the Norman Conquest.

Key Words

Contender A person taking part in a race or competition. Cavalry Fighting on horseback.

Motte The mound of earth in a castle. Conquest The act of defeating an opponent or opponents, to gain possession of a place.

Bailey The walled area where soldiers and livestock would live in a castle.

Illegitimate With no official or legal right to the throne.

Monarch King or queen. Heir The next in line for the throne.

Witan The powerful lords and bishops who were the advisors to the Anglo-Saxon kings.

Infantry Soldiers who fight on foot.

Housecarls Professional full-time soldiers. Fyrd The name given to the army of an Anglo-Saxon king, mostly made up of peasant farmers.

Alliance

Key dates of 1066

5th January Edward the Confessor died.

6th January Harold Godwinson was crowned the new King of England.

20th September

Battle of Fulford. Hardrada and Tostig won, and took the city of York.

25th September

Battle of Stamford Bridge. Harold Godwinson won, and Hardrada and Tostig were killed.

28th September

The Norman army landed at Pevensey in England. They built castles and raided the surrounding area.

14th October

Battle of Hastings. The Normans won and Harold Godwinson was killed, possibly with an arrow to the eye.

25th December

William was crowned the King of England at Westminster Abbey.

Factors that helped the Normans to win the Battle of Hastings: - The Saxons were tired from fighting two battles in the north of England - The Saxons were tired from marching quickly to Hastings. The wind changed at

the perfect moment for William to invade while the south coast was unprotected.

- The Saxon army was mostly made up of peasant farmers, rather than professional soldiers like the Norman army

- The Normans were able to fight on horseback, unlike the Saxons - The Normans played a clever trick on the Saxons to break their defence - William had gained the support of the Pope. This made the Saxon people very

frightened - The Normans were lucky that Harold was killed. The battle would have

continued otherwise.

Contenders to the throne in 1066

Edgar Atheling

Son of Edward the Confessor’s nephew (direct blood line)

About twelve years old

Not interested in being king

Witan rejected his claim

Harold Godwinson

No direct bloodline

Powerful and experienced

Said Edward chose him in 1066

Witan supported his claim

Harald Hardrada

No direct bloodline

Powerful and experienced

Danish king passed his claim to Hardrada

Witan ignored his claim

William Duke of Normandy

Great aunt was Queen of England

Powerful and experienced

Said Edward chose him in 1051

Witan ignored his claim

Key Assessment Key Assessment 1 (EA 1) – Essay on the reasons why the Normans won the Battle of Hastings.

Year: 7 Term: 1b Topic: Becket and the Monarchy

Lesson Sequence 1. The Plantagenets 2. Henry II – good king? 3. Henry II and Becket 4. Henry II – bad king? 5. Henry II – judgement 6. Richard I – good king? 7. Richard I – bad king? 8. King John – bad king? 9. King John – good king? 10. Magna Carta 11. King John – judgement 12. Assessment preparation 13. Assessment 14. Assessment feedback

Key Question: What makes a great king?

Who was the greatest king of the Plantagenets?

Key Words Angevin Empire The name given to the collection of lands ruled by the

Plantagenet kings, including England, Ireland and parts of France.

The Crusades Religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land (in particular, Jerusalem).

Barons Powerful nobles who own land in England.

Magna Carta An agreement between the nobles and the king that he would not abuse their rights.

Excommunication A power of the Pope, to remove someone from the Catholic Church.

Aquitaine A large and wealthy duchy (part) of France.

Plantagenet The family name of the kings descended from Geoffrey of Anjou.

Archbishop of Canterbury

The most powerful religious figure in England. Thomas Becket was appointed because Henry wanted more control over the church, but Becket had other ideas.

Civil War A war between people within the same country.

Alliance

Family Tree – William I and the Plantagenets

Key Individuals Henry II First Plantagenet King, ruler of England and much of

France.

Richard (I) the Lionheart

Richard’s eldest surviving son, rarely visited England, spent much of his reign on a Crusade to Jerusalem.

John I Henry II’s youngest son who succeeded his brother Richard as king. Lost much of England’s lands in France, fought with the barons and made to sign the Magna Carta.

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Henry II’s wife, but also a powerful ruler in her own right. Increased England’s power by adding Aquitaine (part of France) to the Angevin Empire.

Thomas Becket

Henry II’s former friend and chancellor who turned against the king after being made the Archbishop of Canterbury. Murdered by Henry’s knights.

Matilda Henry II’s mother and daughter of Henry I. The English nobles refused to accept her as Queen as so fought a Civil War against another of William’s grandchildren, Stephen.

Stephen A grandson of William I, king of England, fought the Civil War against Matilda. He was succeeded (followed as king) by Matilda’s son, Henry, in an agreement to stop the war.

Key Assessment Key Assessment 2 – Who was the greatest Medieval king?

Key Resources SHP – Year 7 History textbook

Key dates

1135-53 Civil War between Stephen and Matilda.

1154 Henry II becomes king.

1161 Thomas Becket made archbishop of Canterbury.

1163/4 Conflict between Becket and Henry II.

1170 Becket is murdered.

1173-89 Conflict between Henry II and his wife and sons.

1189 Richard II becomes king.

1190 Richard goes on Crusade.

1194 Richard finally returns to England after being captured coming home.

1199 Richard dies, John becomes king.

1203 John apparently murders his nephew, Arthur (an heir to the throne).

1209 John excommunicated (then pardoned) by the Pope).

1215 John forced to sign the Magna Carta.

1215-17 War with the barons, John dies in 1216.

Year: 7 Term: 2a Topic: The Peasants’ Revolt

Lesson Sequence 1. To understand the concept

of chronology. 2. To understand the

chronology of the Peasants’ Revolt.

3. To explore the feudal system as a cause.

4. To explore the Black Death as a cause.

5. To explore other causes. 6. To investigate sources on the

Peasants’ Revolt. 7. Revision for EA 2 8. Key Assessment 3 (EA 2) 9. Feedback on EA 2 10. To introduce the topic of

Henry VIII.

Core Text: SHP History Year 7 – Dawson & Wilson, p178-183

Key Words

Chronology The arrangements of events or dates in order of their occurrence.

Feudal System A power structure where people held their land in return for promising loyalty, known as doing homage, and providing services such as working or fighting for their lord

Democracy A country which is ruled by someone they have elected.

Black Death A disease in the Medieval period that killed around 20 million people in Europe.

Poll Tax A tax which applies to every adult, without reference to their income or resources.

Cause Something that produces a particular effect.

Rebellion To try to overthrow the person or group of people in power.

Hierarchy A system in which people are ranked according to how important that are.

Essex A county in England, to the north-east of London. Consequence Result or effect.

Revolt Violent action against a government or ruler. Statute Written law.

Alliance

Key dates

1337 The war with France, known as the Hundred Years’ War, began.

1348 The Black Death entered England.

1351 Edward III set a maximum wage for labourers (the Statute of Labourers).

1360 Poorer priests began to complain about the rich leaders of the church.

1369 The war with France began to go badly.

1377 Edward III died. After his death, a poll tax was introduced by John of Gaunt. Everyone over 15 years had to pay 5 pence for the war.

1381 Tax collectors began rounding up people who had not paid the poll tax.

1381 Three tax collectors were murdered in Essex.

1381 The Peasants’ Revolt took place.

Feudal System

King Lots of power and a great deal of responsibility.

Lords Richest people in England. Owned a lot of land and helped to the king to run the country.

Knights Mostly soldiers. Given land and power as a reward for fighting for their lords.

Peasants Farmed the land and paid rent for it. In return, the knights protected them.

Key Individuals

King Edward III

A strong and warlike King of England, whose son died before him.

King Richard II

Became king aged 10, only 14 during Peasants’ Revolt.

John of Gaunt

Uncle of Richard II. Very influential and introduced the poll tax.

John Ball A rebellious priest who was arrested and imprisoned. Later freed by rebels.

Thomas Bampton

A tax collector, who arrived in Essex and was beaten and driven away.

John Wyclif An Oxford professor who believed that everybody within the church spent too much money.

Wat Tyler A leader of the Peasants’ Revolt.

Famous quote:

John Ball, 1381

‘From the beginning all men by nature were created alike, and our bondage or servitude came in by the unjust oppression of naught men… And therefore I exhort you to consider that now the time is come, appointed to us by God, in which ye may (if ye will) cast off the yoke of bondage, and recover liberty.’

Key Assessment Key Assessment 3 (EA 2) – Essay on the different causes of the Peasants’ Revolt.

Year: 7 Term: 2b Topic: Henry VIII

Lesson Sequence 1. War of the Roses. 2. Was Henry VIII a

‘Renaissance Prince’? 3. What was Henry’s

England like? 4. The break from Rome. 5. The Pilgrimage of Grace. 6. Henry’s opponents. 7. Henry’s supporters. 8. Henry’s wives. 9. Key Assessment 4

revision. 10. Key Assessment 4.

Key Words

Renaissance A period of time meaning ‘rebirth’ – particularly the rebirth of old ideas from the Roman period.

Renaissance Prince

The perfect example of a good ruler who embraced changes in culture.

Defender of the Faith

A title given by the Pope to those that support Catholicism.

Reformation The process of the church changing, reducing the power of the Pope and becoming more Protestant.

Act of Supremacy

A law which made Henry head of the English Church.

Act of Succession A law which made any children Anne Boleyn might have the heirs to the throne instead of Catherine of Aragorn’s daughter, Mary.

Dissolution of the Monasteries

The destruction of monasteries (places where nuns and monks live and worship). Their wealth was given to the king.

Annulment Catholics do not allow divorce, but they can have an annulment, meaning that the marriage ‘never happened’ according to God.

The Pilgrimage of Grace

A rebellion against Henry and his advisors, protesting against the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

Key dates 1491 Henry VIII born at Greenwich

Palace on 28th June.

1501 Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon, but dies the following year.

1509 Henry VII dies and Henry VIII becomes king. He marries his brother’s widow.

1516 Mary I, the only surviving child of Henry’s first marriage, is born.

1520 Field of Cloth Gold, where the English and French kings meet to demonstrate their wealth and power.

1521 Henry VIII declared ‘Defender of the Faith’ by the Pope.

1529 Henry dismisses Wolsey for failing to obtain the Pope’s consent for a divorce for Henry.

1533 Henry is excommunicated by the Pope and marries Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth I born.

1534 Henry becomes Head of the Church of England.

1535 Thomas Moore is executed for failing to accept Henry’s position as head of the church.

1536 Anne Boleyn is executed, Henry marries Jane Seymour.

1537 Jane Seymour dies, Edward VI is born.

1540 Henry marries Anne of Cleves, but quickly divorces her. Henry marries Katherine Howard.

1542 Katherine Howard beheaded by Henry after being accused of adultery.

1543 Catherine Parr becomes Queen.

1547 Henry VIII dies on 28th January. His son Edward succeeds him as king.

Key Individuals Henry VIII King of England and head of the church of

England after 1534.

Thomas Wolsey

Henry’s chief advisor and chancellor for the first 20 years of his reign.

Thomas Moore

Henry’s friend and tutor who later refused to accept the break from Rome.

Catherine of Aragon

Henry’s first wife, mother of Mary I, divorced.

Anne Boleyn Second wife of Henry, mother of Elizabeth I. Executed for witchcraft.

Jane Seymour Henry’s third wife, mother of Edward VI. Died in childbirth.

Anne of Cleves

Henry’s fourth wife, described by Henry as the ‘Flanders Mare’. Divorced.

Katherine Howard

Henry’s fifth wife, only a teenager when she married him. Executed for adultery.

Catherine Parr

Henry’s last wife, a strong Protestant. Outlived the king, but died soon after.

Thomas Cromwell

Henry’s chief advisor after Wolsey’s death, executed after the failure of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves.

Thomas Cranmer

Made Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry and helped to reform the English Church.

Key Assessment Key Assessment 4 – What did people think of Henry VIII?

The Tudor Family tree

Henry VII

Arthur

Henry VIII

Margaret Mary

Elizabeth of York

Mary I Elizabeth I Edward VI

Catherine

of Aragon

Anne

Boleyn

Jane

Seymour

Year: 7 Term: 3a Topic: Elizabeth I

Lesson Sequence 1. Introduction to Elizabeth I. 2. Portrayal of Elizabeth I. 3. Elizabeth I as a student. 4. The problem of marriage. 5. The problem of religion. 6. Elizabeth I as a woman. 7. The Spanish Armada. 8. Mary, Queen of Scots. 9. The problem of poverty. 10. Sources on Elizabeth I. 11. Revision lesson. 12. EA Exam 3. 13. Feedback on EA Exam 3. 14. Recap on Elizabeth I.

Core Text:

Key Stage 3 History by Aaron Wilkes: Renaissance, Revolution and Reformation

Key Words

Monarch A head of state, especially a king, queen or emperor.

Authoritative Commanding and self-confident. Likely to be obeyed.

Reign Hold royal office, or rule as a monarch. Candidate A person who applies for a job or position.

Portrayal A depiction of someone in art or literature. Fleet A group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity or under the same ownership.

Armada A fleet or warships. Patriarchal A society in which men have most of the power.

Propaganda Information used to persuade people to believe in something.

Reminiscent Reminding or suggestive (of).

Alliance A relationship between two groups of people or nations, where both promise to protect each other.

Invasion When an armed force enters an area with the intention of occupying it.

Alliance

Key dates

1533 Elizabeth was born. Her mother was Anne Boleyn.

1558 Elizabeth I became the Queen of England after her half-sister Mary died.

1569 The Northern rebellion – an attempt to overthrow Elizabeth I.

1570 The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth I.

1571 The Ridolfi Plot – an attempt to assassinate Elizabeth I.

1587 Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.

1588 Elizabeth led a successful defence of England against the attack of the Spanish Armada.

1589 The Babington Plot – another attempt to assassinate Elizabeth I.

1601 The Poor Law was passed to try to deal with poverty.

1603 Elizabeth I died at the age of 69.

Problems faced by Elizabeth I

Childhood Her mother was executed and she was illegitimate.

Marriage Elizabeth never married despite expectations.

Religion Elizabeth tried to find a ‘middle way’ between Catholicism and Protestantism.

Gender Elizabeth was a woman in a male-dominated world.

Spain The Spanish Armada’s invasion of 1588 was a significant military threat.

Mary Involved in assassination attempts and executed in 1587.

Poverty In countryside due to harvest failures and high prices.

Key Individuals

Elizabeth I Queen of England .

Mary I Half-sister of Elizabeth – ‘Bloody Mary’.

Henry VIII Father of Elizabeth I.

Anne Boleyn Mother of Elizabeth I.

Philip of Spain King of Spain, previously married to Mary I.

Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, close friend of Elizabeth I from childhood.

Francis, Duke of Alencon

French duke who courted Elizabeth. Nicknamed the ‘frog’.

Robert Devereux

Earl of Essex. Popular with the queen initially, but later fell out of her favour.

Mary, Queen of Scots

Also known as Mary Stuart. Distant cousin of Elizabeth. Executed in 1587.

Famous quotes:

1563, to a visitor

‘I would rather be a beggar and single than a queen and married.’

1601, ‘The Golden Speech’ to the House of Commons

‘To be a king and wear a crown is a thing more glorious to them that see it than it is pleasant to them that bear it.’

To the troops at Tilbury in 1588

‘I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too.’

Key Assessment Key Assessment 5 (EA 3) – Essay on the different problems faced by Elizabeth I.

Year: 7 Term: 3b Topic: Civil War

Lesson Sequence 1. Golden Age to Civil War. 2. Introduction to Civil War. 3. Causes of Civil War (part 1). 4. Causes of Civil War (part 2). 5. Oliver Cromwell. 6. Cromwell: hero or villain? 7. Cromwell debate

preparation lesson. 8. Cromwell debate. 9. Assessment preparation. 10. Assessment. 11. Assessment feedback. 12. The Restoration. 13. Recap of Y7 History. 14. Recap of Y7 History.

Core Text:

Key Stage 3 History by Aaron Wilkes: Renaissance, Revolution and Reformation

Key Words

Monarch A head of state, especially a king, queen or emperor. Parliament Elected and non-elected representatives of the British people.

Reign Hold royal office, or rule as a monarch. Treason A crime of plotting against the country or king.

MPs Members of the House of Commons, which represented the common people in Parliament.

Peers Another name for the lords that were represented by the House of Lords in Parliament.

Interregnum ‘Between kings’ – when England was a Protectorate. Concessions A compromise granted in response to demands.

Restoration The monarchy was brought back to England after the Interregnum.

The Long Parliament

The Parliament that Charles summoned when he needed money, before they declared war on him.

Lord Protector

The ruler of the country during the Interregnum – a ruler than was not royalty.

The Grand Remonstrance

A formal letter sent by the Long Parliament, complaining about Charles I’s actions as king.

Alliance

Key dates

1603 Elizabeth I died, succeeded by James I (VI of Scotland).

1605 Gunpowder Plot – Catholics including Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up King James and Parliament.

1625 James died, Charles took over as king and married Henrietta Marie.

1628 Assassination of Charles’ close friend and advisor, the Duke of Buckingham.

1629 Charles dismissed Parliament and ruled without them for 11 years.

1640 Charles was forced to call the Long Parliament after running out of money. However, they would only support him if he made concessions to them.

1641 The Grand Remonstrance – Parliament sent the king a list of their grievances against him.

1642 Charles attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament – they fled and the Civil War began as each side raised armies.

1647 Charles was captured and handed over to Parliament.

1648 After escaping, Charles reignited the Civil War, but was beaten before the end of the year.

1649 Charles put on trial for treason and executed.

1653 The Protectorate was established when Cromwell disbanded the Rump Parliament and made himself Lord Protector.

1658 Cromwell died and was succeeded by his son, Richard, as Protector.

1660 Restoration of the Monarchy, Charles II becomes king.

Key Individuals

James I King of England, succeeded Elizabeth I, the first Stewart king.

Charles I King of England, James’ son.

Henrietta Marie Charles’ Catholic and French wife.

William Laud Charles’ Archbishop of Canterbury, a radical reformer.

John Pym A parliamentary leader during the Long Parliament.

Oliver Cromwell Member of Parliament and later Lord Protector of England.

Richard Cromwell

Cromwell’s son and successor as Lord Protector, gave way to the Restoration.

George Monck A Royalist who later served the Parliamentarians, responsible for the Restoration.

Charles II Charles I’s eldest son, succeeded his father as king after the Interregnum.

Famous quotes:

Oliver Cromwell, 1649

‘I tell you, we will cut off his head with the crown upon it!’

Oliver Cromwell ‘I did not all myself to be the ruler of England… I just tried to do the right thing, for God and for the people.’

A Bristol Baptist, 1685

‘The days of Oliver were marvellous days of prosperity, freedom and peace.’

Key Assessment

Key Assessment 6 – Was Oliver Cromwell a hero or a villain?