fau usp tudelft poster international seminar ws 12 13 may 2014
SUSTAINABLE URBAN SPACES - FAU - USP · proposals for urban intervention presented here refer to...
1
Introduction This project brings together British and Brazilian expertise in the field of sustainable urban design to explore the socio-economic and environmental approaches to urban revitalization in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The team comprises researchers from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the University of Cambridge and the University of East London, from the UK. Sao Paulo is now the second largest city in the world with a population of nearly 19 million in its metropolitan area. It has a tropical, yet polluted climate and is subject to a wide range of urban micro climates, as a function of its occupation patterns and topography. The city is located at latitude 23º24´S, with altitudes between 720m and 850m above sea level, 60Km from the sea. Sprawling high rise and high density development is interspersed with favelas. The urban infrastructure is poor; air and water pollution is high; and green space is at a premium. In such a complex and challenging urban context, the research addressed the establishment of design criteria as a starting point for raising questions about the issue of urban renovation and sustainability of brownfields in central Sao Paulo. The proposed research project is both a response to specific dilapidated sites in Sao Paulo and a template for possible environmental interventions in failed urban sites elsewhere. Following the discussions that came out in workshop 1 (Sao Paulo, June 2005), two sites of different morphological configurations were chosen as case studies due to their strategic geographical position close to the city centre, positioned along the railway line where urban revitalization is a key socio-economic and environmental issue. All the urban differences between the sites were taken as potential variables to demonstrate the possibilities of developing Sustainable Urban Spaces through environmental interventions in different conditions, which are repeatable in other parts of Sao Paulo and in other cities elsewhere. In order to support preliminary environmental studies as well as a more in depth recognition of the two areas, 3D electronic models together with a vast photographic register and videos about the urban life during day and night time on site were developed between workshop 1 and 2 (Cambridge in September 2005). Based on a comprehensive review of the objectives and possibilities of this collaborative research, an overall methodological approach was defined through the workshop 2 to give continuation of the work. Objectives The main objective of this research project is to define models of urban occupation including building design criteria, in which environmental improvements can be translated into social and economic benefits. The assessments were taken into consideration qualitative and quantitative parameters to environmental performance of different models for the city block. The models were based on variables of urban design, with emphasis on environmental aspects of the city and the building and the consequent socio-economic benefits. With consideration to the two areas of intervention in the city of São Paulo, Luz and Barra Funda, the research on the Luz site has been carried out in more detail so far. The decision to start the work in this area was related to the will of giving a quick response to the strong interests of the local government in this specific location. The urge of the local government for urban renovation at Luz is mainly justified by the significant amount of previous public investment put in this area in the last few years. Nevertheless, the Barra Funda site has also been an area of relevant public attention for the last few years in terms of creating a new neighborhood out of a brownfield, especially because of its strategic geographical position in the city and the overall size of open space to be addressed(1). Methodology Design Criteria The set of environmental criteria defined to each of those variables had a decisive influence in the design and treatment of the open spaces resulted from the massing as well as on the location, size, height and envelope's characteristics of the buildings. In order words, the response to the environmental parameters determined the key aspects of the strategy for urban design. The process of addressing the design targets can be described in three steps: step 1 is characterized by the studies and assumptions about population density, built density and built form. In step 2, the options for the built form were assessed against environmental parameters by means of quantitative criteria. Alongside analytical methods, such assessments also required advanced simulation tools. In step 3, the results of environmental assessments gave the support to the optimization of the urban design proposals through an environmental perspective, probably indicating adjustments in the massing of buildings, including openings and enclosures in the built form as well as changes in the buildings' heights and widths. At this point it is important to mention that, within the context of this research, the proposals for urban intervention presented here refer to what could be considered the preliminary stage of an urban design experiment, showing environmental and social concepts about (sustainable) urban spaces and design solutions for spatial configuration between buildings accompanied by proposals of architectural morphologies and buildings' guidelines for environmental and social sustainability/(performance). Following that step, urban and architectural design decisions must be developed further, in accordance to the pre-established set of criteria, first to each of the city blocks that comprise the area of intervention and then to the buildings, which should be treated case by case. However, this is not part of the scope of this research. For the Barra Funda site, as in Luz, assessments about the environmental, physical and urban conditions were carried out in order to inform the process of establishing design concepts and criteria as well as the appropriateness of the pre-established environmental and urban criteria. In terms of concepts about urban space, architectural morphology and in future steps about building's environmental performance, the proposals for the two areas have some variations due to differences on the existing spatial configuration. These differences include the design of the city grid, the morphology of existing buildings, the economic and social vitality of the places, the presence of listed buildings and, finally, the urban conditions of the immediate surroundings, which are all described previously. On the other hand, the environmental criteria for the urban design were kept the same for both sites, as a preliminary approach. However, the variations for the occupation of the city block implied in different design responses to the same environmental targets. In methodological terms, after the data collection about the area, the research work on Barra Funda specifically continued from a critical review of both the briefing and the proposal of the Labaut group for the national competition of ideas for a “new neighborhood”, launched by the local government in 2004(5). Despite the particularities of each of the two case studies, the same considerations raised about the design phases and the level of development of the urban design proposals for the Luz site are applicable to the Barra Funda case. Due to the nature of the work shown in this , which brings together two complementary phases of the research work: the elaboration of the strategic framework for urban design and the development of design proposals, the information presented here is predominantly in the form of maps, diagrams, tables and 3D models. With the conclusion of this research project in April 2006, a final report will be issued including the finalization of the proposals for the Barra Funda site, the complete environmental assessments of the proposals for the two areas and a critical review of all steps of the work. In methodological terms, the first aim of this phase of the research was to define a strategic framework of environmental and urban criteria to be applied and tested through design experiments for urban renovation, including in existing (and consolidated urban fabric) as well as in brownfields. In that sense, regarding the Luz site, qualitative and quantitative assessments of the local environmental, physical and urban conditions gave support to the definition of a set of design criteria for the improvement of the environmental and urban qualities of the area. From this point, design proposals showing spatial configurations and massing of buildings were developed mainly based on the first objective of testing the impacts of increasing density upon the environmental variables previously defined(2). For that reason, quantitative criteria were defined and applied step by step, alongside the development of the models. Initially, such criteria was conceived for the specific context of Luz, however, it is also part of this research to identify to which extend these criteria as well as the methodology for urban intervention and renovation can be generalized to other cities of the national and international contexts(3). Following the directions established in workshop 2, in Cambridge, September 2005, the environmental variables to be tested against density were: air quality, energy, water and solar access. For this research specifically, air quality was studied in terms of air flow around buildings and the amount of green area, energy refers to environmentally efficient building's design(4) and the potential for generation of clean energy (or efficient means of energy generation), water is related to the capacity of rain water harvesting through buildings and soil absorption and solar access means the number of hours of solar access to each of the buildings' orientations. project SUSTAINABLE URBAN SPACES International Collaboration BRAZIL-UK International Institutions The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, University of Cambridge PhD Professor Koen Steemers School of Architecture and Visual Arts University of East London PhD Professor Susannah Hagan Brazilian Institution Professors and researchers from LABAUT (Laboratório de Conforto Ambiental e Eficiência Energética) Laboratory for Environment and Energy Studies from FAU-USP: Coordinators: Denise Duarte, PhD Professor Joana Gonçalves, PhD Professor Alessadra Prata, PhD researcher Rafael Brandão, PhD student Mônica Marcondes, PhD student Anna Christina, PhD student Norberto Moura, PhD student Leonardo Monteiro, MSc student Daniel Cóstola, MSc student Anarrita Buoro, MSc student Andrea Bazarian, MSc student Carolina Gaspar Leite, MSc student Erica Umakoshi, MSc student Paula Shinzato, MSc student Bruna Luz, Undergraduate student Luciana Ferreira, Undergraduate student BARRA FUNDA LUZ ENVI-MET SIMULATIONS REFERENCES (1) More information about the areas of intervention and justification for the selection of such areas for this research is found in the first report of the collaborative research work: Hagan, July 2005. (2) See report: GONÇALVES, J., DUARTE, D. Research outline, structure and contents of the research work to be developed th th by the Brazilian team based on the final considerations of the workshop 2, Cambridge, 15 16 of September 2005. São Paulo: FAUUSP, September 2005. (3) This objective is explained in more detail in the report: Hagan, October 2005. (4) Within the context of this research, environmentally efficient building's design means architectural design which is conceived to provide occupants' environmental comfort (thermal, visual and acoustics), with the maximum use of natural resources (solar radiation, natural ventilation and daylight) given the local environmental conditions. (5) The key aspects of the competition brief and the design proposal developed by the Labaut group are comprehensively presented in the paper A Starting Point in Urban Renovation and Sustainability of Brownfields in Central Sao Paulo, Brazil, published in the proceedings of PLEA 2005, Lebanon. For the next step, theoretical scenarios were stablished for the city block for the two different sites. The models which were developed for the Luz neighborhood consider the remaining buildings proposed in step 1, whilst the ones for Barra Funda Neighborhood imply in the creation of a complete new urban form, including the definition of streets' pattern and urban canyon. In order to support the first phase of the design, physical models of the sites with the existing urban configuration were built as well as the proposals of city blocks for both sites. The elaboration of such proposals were inspired by and referred to theoretical as well as design references, however considering a conceptual and preliminary approach of the impacts and performance of density and its relation with the other environmental variables. At that moment of the research programme, a design workshop involving the Brazilian team was meant to start the process for the definition of the urban models. As mentioned previously, the assessments took into consideration the performance of four environmental variables (energy, water, air quality and solar access) tested against options of built form for the city block, considering pre-established figures of population density. In that context, the evaluations were refering to the environmental performance of buildings' as well as open spaces, including the socio-economic positive impacts. Both the environmental and the socio-economic assessments were based on quantitative and qualitative criteria. Environmental assessments: In this phase of the work a group of simulation tools and analytical methods were applied for the testing of the various design proposals defined in the design project phase. Regarding the use of softwares for simulations of environmental performance, one of the main tools available for the studies developed by the Brazilian team was the ENVI-met model. This phase of the work was developed as an attempt to answer the following question: which are the environmental targets to be pursued for the urban interventions? Initially, a selection of four environmental variables, which are directly involved in the elaboration of the urban interventions, were tested against options of built form for the city block, considering certain pre-established figures of population density. The environmental variables and their role in the project are: 1.energy: potential for generation of clean energy and energy efficient design solutions; 2.water: potential for collection of rain water in the buildings and absorption in the open space; 3.air quality: benefits of green areas and overall microclimatic conditions; and 4.solar access and daylight availability: environmental quality in buildings' and public spaces. The performance assessments related to the environmental variables were carried out in two ways: either based on international or national benchmarks, or in relative terms, when the issue of benchmarks is not appropriated. Having said that, the starting point of this phase of the work was an overall search on international and national performance parameters and benchmarks regarding the environmental variables listed before. The two areas of intervention – Barra Funda at the top and Luz at the bottom Area of study/ intervention and its main accesses. Area of study/ intervention and its main accesses. Existing Green Areas in Barra Funda. Local government proposal for demolition in Luz. State of Conservation of Buildings . Existing Uses in Barra Funda. State of Conservation of Buildings. Existing Uses in Luz. Proposal for demolition in Barra Funda Area. Proposal for demolition in Luz Area. Perimeter Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00 . Proposal 1- Perimeter Buildings. Studies for Green Areas. Conjunto Nacional Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00 . Perimeter Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00. Slab Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00. Proposal 2- Slab Buildings. Studies for Green Areas. Proposal 1- Perimeter Buildings. Proposal 2- “Conjunto Nacional” Buildings. Perimeter Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Slab Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Perimeter Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . Slab Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . Perimeter Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Conjunto Nacional Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Perimeter Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . Conjunto Nacional Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . X 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Y 40 30 20 10 0 AG Klima RUB copyright by Michael Bruse C:\Arquivos de programas\Modelling\poster\bf_conjnac_wind_15ms.leo vom 2/6/2006 BFmodel_conjNac15ms 12:00:00 18.11.2005 x/y cut at z= 0 Wind Speed 0.20 m/s 0.40 m/s 0.60 m/s 0.80 m/s 1.00 m/s 1.20 m/s 1.40 m/s 1.60 m/s 1.80 m/s 2.00 m/s 2.20 m/s 2.40 m/s 2.60 m/s 2.80 m/s X 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Y 40 30 20 10 0 AG Klima RUB copyright by Michael Bruse C:\Arquivos de programas\Modelling\poster\bf_perim_temp_0ms.leo vom 2/6/2006 BFmodel 14:00:00 18.11.2005 x/y cut at z= 0 Pot. Temperature 295.79 K 296.27 K 296.76 K 297.25 K 297.73 K 298.22 K 298.71 K 299.19 K 299.68 K 300.17 K 300.66 K 301.14 K 301.63 K 302.12 K X 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Y 40 30 20 10 0 AG Klima RUB copyright by Michael Bruse C:\Arquivos de programas\Modelling\poster\bf_perim_wind_15ms.leo vom 2/6/2006 BFmodel_perim15ms 12:00:00 18.11.2005 x/y cut at z= 0 Wind Speed 0.20 m/s 0.40 m/s 0.60 m/s 0.80 m/s 1.00 m/s 1.20 m/s 1.40 m/s 1.60 m/s 1.80 m/s 2.00 m/s 2.20 m/s 2.40 m/s 2.60 m/s 2.80 m/s X 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Y 40 30 20 10 0 AG Klima RUB copyright by Michael Bruse C:\Arquivos de programas\Modelling\poster\bf_conjnac_temp_0ms.leo vom 2/6/2006 BFmodel_conjNac0ms 14:00:00 18.11.2005 x/y cut at z= 0 Pot. Temperature 295.60 K 295.91 K 296.21 K 296.51 K 296.81 K 297.12 K 297.42 K 297.72 K 298.02 K 298.33 K 298.63 K 298.93 K 299.23 K 299.53 K
Transcript of SUSTAINABLE URBAN SPACES - FAU - USP · proposals for urban intervention presented here refer to...
Introduction
This project brings together British and Brazilian expertise in the field of sustainable urban design to explore the socio-economic and environmental approaches to urban revitalization in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The team comprises researchers from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the University of Cambridge and the University of East London, from the UK.Sao Paulo is now the second largest city in the world with a population of nearly 19 million in its metropolitan area. It has a tropical, yet polluted climate and is subject to a wide range of urban micro climates, as a function of its occupation patterns and topography. The city is located at latitude 23º24´S, with altitudes between 720m and 850m above sea level, 60Km from the sea. Sprawling high rise and high density development is interspersed with favelas. The urban infrastructure is poor; air and water pollution is high; and green space is at a premium. In such a complex and challenging urban context, the research addressed the establishment of design criteria as a starting point for raising questions about the issue of urban renovation and sustainability of brownfields in central Sao Paulo. The proposed research project is both a response to specific dilapidated sites in Sao Paulo and a template for possible environmental interventions in failed urban sites elsewhere. Following the discussions that came out in workshop 1 (Sao Paulo, June 2005), two sites of different morphological configurations were chosen as case studies due to their strategic geographical position close to the city centre, positioned along the railway line where urban revitalization is a key socio-economic and environmental issue. All the urban differences between the sites were taken as potential variables to demonstrate the possibilities of developing Sustainable Urban Spaces through environmental interventions in different conditions, which are repeatable in other parts of Sao Paulo and in other cities elsewhere. In order to support preliminary environmental studies as well as a more in depth recognition of the two areas, 3D electronic models together with a vast photographic register and videos about the urban life during day and night time on site were developed between workshop 1 and 2 (Cambridge in September 2005).Based on a comprehensive review of the objectives and possibilities of this collaborative research, an overall methodological approach was defined through the workshop 2 to give continuation of the work.
Objectives
The main objective of this research project is to define models of urban occupation including building design criteria, in which environmental improvements can be translated into social and economic benefits. The assessments were taken into consideration qualitative and quantitative parameters to environmental performance of different models for the city block. The models were based on variables of urban design, with emphasis on environmental aspects of the city and the building and the consequent socio-economic benefits. With consideration to the two areas of intervention in the city of São Paulo, Luz and Barra Funda, the research on the Luz site has been carried out in more detail so far. The decision to start the work in this area was related to the will of giving a quick response to the strong interests of the local government in this specific location. Theurge of the local government for urban renovation at Luz is mainly justified by the significant amount of previous public investment put in this area in the last few years. Nevertheless, the Barra Funda site has also been an area of relevant public attention for the last few years in terms of creating a new neighborhood out of a brownfield, especially because of its strategic geographical position in the city and the overall size of open space to be addressed(1).
Methodology
Design Criteria
The set of environmental criteria defined to each of those variables had a decisive influence in the design and treatment of the open spaces resulted from the massing as well as on the location, size, height and envelope's characteristics of the buildings. In order words, the response to the environmental parameters determined the key aspects of the strategy for urban design.The process of addressing the design targets can be described in three steps: step 1 is characterized by the studies and assumptions about population density, built density and built form. In step 2, the options for the built form were assessed against environmental parameters by means of quantitative criteria. Alongside analytical methods, such assessments also required advanced simulation tools. In step 3, the results of environmental assessments gave the support to the optimization of the urban design proposals through an environmental perspective, probably indicating adjustments in the massing of buildings, including openings and enclosures in the built form as well as changes in the buildings' heights and widths. At this point it is important to mention that, within the context of this research, the proposals for urban intervention presented here refer to what could be considered the preliminary stage of an urban design experiment, showing environmental and social concepts about (sustainable) urban spaces and design solutions for spatial configuration between buildings accompanied by proposals of architectural morphologies and buildings' guidelines for environmental and social sustainability/(performance). Following that step, urban and architectural design decisions must be developed further, in accordance to the pre-established set of criteria, first to each of the city blocks that comprise the area of intervention and then to the buildings, which should be treated case by case. However, this is not part of the scope of this research.For the Barra Funda site, as in Luz, assessments about the environmental, physical and urban conditions were carried out in order to inform the process of establishing design concepts and criteria as well as the appropriateness of the pre-established environmental and urban criteria. In terms of concepts about urban space, architectural morphology and in future steps about building's environmental performance, the proposals for the two areas have some variations due to differences on the existing spatial configuration. These differences include the design of the city grid, the morphology of existing buildings, the economic and social vitality of the places, the presence of listed buildings and, finally, the urban conditions of the immediate surroundings, which are all described previously. On the other hand, the environmental criteria for the urban design were kept the same for both sites, as a preliminary approach. However, the variations for the occupation of the city block implied in different design responses to the same environmental targets.In methodological terms, after the data collection about the area, the research work on Barra Funda specifically continued from a critical review of both the briefing and the proposal of the Labaut group for the national competition of ideas for a “new neighborhood”, launched by the local government in 2004(5). Despite the particularities of each of the two case studies, the same considerations raised about the design phases and the level of development of the urban design proposals for the Luz site are applicable to the Barra Funda case.Due to the nature of the work shown in this , which brings together two complementary phases of the research work: the elaboration of the strategic framework for urban design and the development of design proposals, the information presented here is predominantly in the form of maps, diagrams, tables and 3D models.With the conclusion of this research project in April 2006, a final report will be issued including the finalization of the proposals for the Barra Funda site, the complete environmental assessments of the proposals for the two areas and a critical review of all steps of the work.
In methodological terms, the first aim of this phase of the research was to define a strategic framework of environmental and urban criteria to be applied and tested through design experiments for urban renovation, including in existing (and consolidated urban fabric) as well as in brownfields. In that sense, regarding the Luz site, qualitative and quantitative assessments of the local environmental, physical and urban conditions gave support to the definition of a set of design criteria for the improvement of the environmental and urban qualities of the area. From this point, design proposals showing spatial configurations and massing of buildings were developed mainly based on the first objective of testing the impacts of increasing density upon the environmental variables previously defined(2). For that reason, quantitative criteria were defined and applied step by step, alongside the development of the models.Initially, such criteria was conceived for the specific context of Luz, however, it is also part of this research to identify to which extend these criteria as well as the methodology for urban intervention and renovation can be generalized to other cities of the national and international contexts(3).Following the directions established in workshop 2, in Cambridge, September 2005, the environmental variables to be tested against density were: air quality, energy, water and solar access. For this research specifically, air quality was studied in terms of air flow around buildings and the amount of green area, energy refers to environmentally efficient building's design(4) and the potential for generation of clean energy (or efficient means of energy generation), water is related to the capacity of rain water harvesting through buildings and soil absorption and solar access means the number of hours of solar access to each of the buildings' orientations.
project
SUSTAINABLE URBAN SPACESInternational Collaboration BRAZIL-UK
International Institutions
The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies, University of Cambridge PhD Professor Koen Steemers
School of Architecture and Visual ArtsUniversity of East London PhD Professor Susannah Hagan
Brazilian Institution
Professors and researchers from LABAUT (Laboratório de Conforto Ambiental e Eficiência Energética) Laboratory for Environment and Energy Studies from FAU-USP:
Coordinators: Denise Duarte, PhD Professor
Joana Gonçalves, PhD Professor
Alessadra Prata, PhD researcher
Rafael Brandão, PhD student
Mônica Marcondes, PhD student
Anna Christina, PhD student
Norberto Moura, PhD student
Leonardo Monteiro, MSc student
Daniel Cóstola, MSc student
Anarrita Buoro, MSc student
Andrea Bazarian, MSc student
Carolina Gaspar Leite, MSc student
Erica Umakoshi, MSc student
Paula Shinzato, MSc student
Bruna Luz, Undergraduate student
Luciana Ferreira, Undergraduate student
BARRA FUNDA LUZ
ENVI-MET SIMULATIONS
REFERENCES
(1) More information about the areas of intervention and justification for the selection of such areas for this research is found in the first report of the collaborative research work: Hagan, July 2005. (2) See report: GONÇALVES, J., DUARTE, D. Research outline, structure and contents of the research work to be developed
th thby the Brazilian team based on the final considerations of the workshop 2, Cambridge, 15 16 of September 2005. São Paulo: FAUUSP, September 2005. (3) This objective is explained in more detail in the report: Hagan, October 2005. (4) Within the context of this research, environmentally efficient building's design means architectural design which is conceived to provide occupants' environmental comfort (thermal, visual and acoustics), with the maximum use of natural resources (solar radiation, natural ventilation and daylight) given the local environmental conditions. (5) The key aspects of the competition brief and the design proposal developed by the Labaut group are comprehensively presented in the paper A Starting Point in Urban Renovation and Sustainability of Brownfields in Central Sao Paulo, Brazil, published in the proceedings of PLEA 2005, Lebanon.
For the next step, theoretical scenarios were stablished for the city block for the two different sites. The models which were developed for the Luz neighborhood consider the remaining buildings proposed in step 1, whilst the ones for Barra Funda Neighborhood imply in the creation of a complete new urban form, including the definition of streets' pattern and urban canyon. In order to support the first phase of the design, physical models of the sites with the existing urban configuration were built as well as the proposals of city blocks for both sites. The elaboration of such proposals were inspired by and referred to theoretical as well as design references, however considering a conceptual and preliminary approach of the impacts and performance of density and its relation with the other environmental variables. At that moment of the research programme, a design workshop involving the Brazilian team was meant to start the process for the definition of the urban models.
As mentioned previously, the assessments took into consideration the performance of four environmental variables (energy, water, air quality and solar access) tested against options of built form for the city block, considering pre-established figures of population density. In that context, the evaluations were refering to the environmental performance of buildings' as well as open spaces, including the socio-economic positive impacts. Both the environmental and the socio-economic assessments were based on quantitative and qualitative criteria.Environmental assessments: In this phase of the work a group of simulation tools and analytical methods were applied for the testing of the various design proposals defined in the design project phase. Regarding the use of softwares for simulations of environmental performance, one of the main tools available for the studies developed by the Brazilian team was the ENVI-met model.
This phase of the work was developed as an attempt to answer the following question: which are the environmental targets to be pursued for the urban interventions? Initially, a selection of four environmental variables, which are directly involved in the elaboration of the urban interventions, were tested against options of built form for the city block, considering certain pre-established figures of population density. The environmental variables and their role in the project are: 1.energy: potential for generation of clean energy and energy efficient
design solutions;2.water: potential for collection of rain water in the buildings and absorption in
the open space;3.air quality: benefits of green areas and overall microclimatic conditions; and4.solar access and daylight availability: environmental quality in buildings'
and public spaces.The performance assessments related to the environmental variables were carried out in two ways: either based on international or national benchmarks, or in relative terms, when the issue of benchmarks is not appropriated. Having said that, the starting point of this phase of the work was an overall search on international and national performance parameters and benchmarks regarding the environmental variables listed before.
The two areas of intervention – Barra Funda at the top and Luz at the bottom
Area of study/ intervention and its main accesses. Area of study/ intervention and its main accesses. Existing Green Areas in Barra Funda. Local government proposal for demolition in Luz.
State of Conservation of Buildings .
Existing Uses in Barra Funda.
State of Conservation of Buildings.
Existing Uses in Luz.
Proposal for demolition in Barra Funda Area.
Proposal for demolition in Luz Area.
Perimeter Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00 .
Proposal 1- Perimeter Buildings.
Studies for Green Areas. Conjunto Nacional Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00 .
Perimeter Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00. Slab Proposal - shadow analysis/ winter solstice 15:00.
Proposal 2- Slab Buildings.
Studies for Green Areas.
Proposal 1- Perimeter Buildings. Proposal 2- “Conjunto Nacional” Buildings.
Perimeter Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Slab Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 .
Perimeter Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . Slab Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 .
Perimeter Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 . Conjunto Nacional Proposal - Temperature - 14:00 .
Perimeter Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 . Conjunto Nacional Proposal - Wind Speed - 12:00 .
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Pot. Temperature
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296.27 K
296.76 K
297.25 K
297.73 K
298.22 K
298.71 K
299.19 K
299.68 K
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Pot. Temperature
295.60 K
295.91 K
296.21 K
296.51 K
296.81 K
297.12 K
297.42 K
297.72 K
298.02 K
298.33 K
298.63 K
298.93 K
299.23 K
299.53 K
