www.hydropower.org

Sustainable Hydropower Assessment

Structure of presentation

1. Hydropower deployment and resources2. CDM activity 3. WCD recommendations4. Sustainability criteria5. Performance assessment6. Proposed sector standard7. Conclusion

Growth in Electricity Generation (TWh)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Source: Energy Information Administration

Hydropower

Wind + biomass+ geothermal+ solar

Growth in Electricity Generation (TWh)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Source: Energy Information Administration

Wind + biomass + geothermal + solar

Hydropower

Fossil Fuels

69%

33%7%

75%

22%

~70%

Source: World Atlas of Hydropower & Dams, 2002

“For non-OECD countries, hydroelectric plants produced 1546 TWhor 21.1% of total gross production reported in 2004.

This represents a 9.8% increase over the previous year. Hydro production reported by non-OECD countries has increased at an

annual average rate of 4.7% since 1973.” – IEA Electricity Information, 2006

World’s realistic potential developed: ~ 1/3Current hydro production: 2889 TWh/y

Realistic potential production: ~ 8600 TWh/y

(Realistic) Hydro Potential versus Existing Output

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000A

frica

Asi

a

Aus

trala

sia

Eur

ope

N+C

Am

eric

a

Sou

thA

mer

ica

Feasibility (TWh/y)Production (TWh/y)

Source: IHA, based on European model

Regional differences

Installed Hydropower Capacity by Region 1980 to 2004

N America C & S America

Europe

Eurasia

Middle EastAfrica

Asia & Oceania

0

50

100

150

200

250

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Year

Net

hyd

ro c

apac

ity (G

W) Asia

Number of CDM projects

Source: IGES, February 2008

Number of CERs

Source: IGES, February 2008

Analysis of CDM hydro schemes

Small run-of-riverLarge run-of-riverReservoir storage

Admitted CDM schemes115 small schemes (<20 MW)48 medium schemes (up to 120 MW)8 new storage reservoirs (within above)

Source: IGES, February 2008

WCD “output”

Core Values (5)

Strategic Priorities (7)

Policy Principles (33)

Guidelines (26)

“The [WCD] final report is intended as a guide with a small ‘g’, for continued discussions; it is NOT intended as a blueprint.”

Former WCD Chair, Prof Kader Asmal, 2001

Key players

IHA’s involvement in the WCD

1. IHA followed the World Commission on Dams as a member of the WCD Forum

2. IHA has been an active member throughout the UNEP-hosted Dams and Development Project (DDP)

From 2001 IHA was a member of the DDP Steering Committee (Phase 1 and Phase 2 – six years in total)

WCD “moving forward”

Core Values (5)

Strategic Priorities (7)

Policy Principles (33)

Guidelines (26)

Core ValuesEquityEfficiency Participatory decision-makingSustainabilityAccountability

Strategic PrioritiesGaining public acceptanceComprehensive options assessmentAddressing existing damsSustaining rivers and livelihoodsRecognising entitlements and sharing benefitsEnsuring complianceSharing rivers for peace, development and security

WCD “values for dialogue”

Core ValuesEquityEfficiency Participatory decision-making

Accountability

Strategic PrioritiesGaining public acceptanceComprehensive options assessmentAddressing existing damsSustaining rivers and livelihoodsRecognising entitlements and sharing benefits

Sharing rivers for peace, development and security

WCD “values for dialogue”

> Sustainability

> Compliance

Sustainability

Economy Environment

Society

Striking a balanceon a foundation of sound technology

Embracing sustainable development

IHA and the WCD recommendations

- IHA is committed to implementing the WCD core values and strategic priorities:

“There is clear acceptance of the Core Valueslisted in the [WCD] Report […] In addition, there is broad agreement on the objectives of the Report’s Strategic Priorities. The IHA Sustainability Guidelines provide a framework for good practice which is in accordance with these values.

IHA recognises that sustainable development is the collective responsibility of government, business, civil society, consumers and individuals. It is committed to working cooperatively with these sectors in achieving sustainable outcomes.”

(IHA Sustainability Guidelines 2004: 3)

IHA Sustainability Guidelines and Protocol

Adopted in 2004 Adopted in 2006

IHA Sustainability Assessment Protocol

Water qualityB20Enhancement of public health and minimisation of public health risksB10

Reservoir and downstream sedimentation and erosion risksB19

Predicted extent and severity of economic and social impacts on directly affected stakeholders

B9

Environmental flows and reservoir managementB18Social impact assessment and

management planB8

Aquatic biodiversityB17Community and stakeholder consultation and supportB7

Land management and rehabilitationB16Site selection and design optimisationB6

Construction and associated infrastructure impactsB15Project management planB5

Threshold and cumulative environmental or social impactsB14Planned operational efficiency and

reliabilityB4

Environmental impact assessment and management planB13Additional benefitsB3

Cultural heritageB12Economic viabilityB2

SafetyB11Political risk and regulatory approvalB1

ScoreAspectNo.ScoreAspectNo.

IHA Sustainability Assessment Protocol

Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Forum

The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Forum will carry out an expert appraisal of the existing Assessment Protocol, with a view towards a future sustainability standard for the sector.

Experts on environmental, social and economic/financing aspects will participate, along with donor agencies and representatives of countries developing hydropower.

The membership of the Forum has been kept to a sufficiently small number to make its operations practical and focused; there are two members for each category, including two IHA Officers.

During its deliberations, the Forum will incorporate feedback from the current IHA Reference Group and call on external expertise, including people affected by hydropower, to consult on specific issues.

By seeking to operate by consensus, the goal of the first phase (two years) is to:

– deliver an enhanced Protocol that can be endorsed by a range of key stakeholder organisations, and

– make recommendations on the pathway towards a sustainability standard.

Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Forum

‘Developing’ CountryRepresentatives

Financing agencyRepresentatives

‘Developed’ CountryRepresentatives

Environmental Specialists

Social-aspects Specialists

Chair and Coordinator

IHA Protocol Reference Group

Hydro Sector

Forum Membership

• Hydro Sector– Dr Refaat Abdel-Malek, President, International Hydropower Association (IHA)– Mr Andrew Scanlon, Coordinating Author, IHA Sustainability Assessment

Protocol• Environmental Aspects

– Mr Brian Richter, Co-leader, Freshwater Programme, The Nature Conservancy– Dr Joerg Hartmann, Lead, Dams Initiative, World Wildlife Fund

• Social Aspects– Mr Michael Simon, Lead, Development Banks/NRM, Oxfam– Dr Donal O’Leary, Water Sector Specialist, Transparency International

• Economic (Financing) Aspects– Equator Principles Financial Institutions Group (invited)– Ms Daryl Fields, Senior Water Resources Specialist, World Bank (observer)

• Developed Countries– Dr Gudni A Johannesson, Director General, National Energy Authority, Iceland– Mr Hans Olav Ibrekk, Project Manger Environment, Norad, Norway

• Developing Countries– Dr Shi Lishan, Director, Renewable Energy, NDRC, PR China– Mr Israel Phiri, Manager PPI, Ministry of Energy and Water Development,

Zambia

Q1/08 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Q1/09Qtr 4 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Q1/10

Washington

Sacramento

Introduce Process Priority Review

Work on Section B

Iguacu

Complete Section B Review Scoring Scheme

London

Istanbul

Wuhan

ReykjavikStatus Report

Complete Section CDiscussion on Standard

Sthn Africa

Work on issues

Review work

Work on Section C

Prepare Report

Way Forward & Final Rpt Final Report

Initial proposed schedule

HSAF Code of Conduct will be guided by ISEAL Alliance

International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labeling Alliance

Fair Trade Labelling

Organisation

Forest Stewardship

council

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements

Marine Aquarium Council

Marine Stewardship

Council

Rainforest Alliance

Social Accountability International

ISEAL is an association of leading voluntary international standard-setting and conformity assessment organisations that focus on social and environmental issues

Mission: to strengthen credible and accessible voluntary standards and to promote them as effective policy instruments and market mechanisms to bring about positive social and environmental change.

ISEAL and HSAF

ISEAL offers a code for Setting Social and Environmental Standards

• evaluate and strengthen voluntary standards• demonstrate their credibility on the basis of how they are developed• reflect the priorities of interested parties• address material issues• be effective in achieving its stated social and environmental objectives

Reasons for HSAF to adopt the ISEAL standard and become an affiliate member

• To strengthen the credibility and transparency of the HSAF process • To collaborate and learn from other standard setting organisations• Access to ISEAL technical/policy documents as well guidance for

standard setting• Opportunities for engagement with other ISEAL members

2008 20102009

Sustainability ForumProtocolStatus Report- can a standard be agreed?

Forum commences

• Field testing the Protocol

• Protocol training courses

• Case notes for specific aspects

THE FUTURE:

THE POTENTIAL:

The world has a standard against which it can assess Hydropower project performance

Industry has an enhanced tool to use for hydropower project improvements

Capacity Building

InterimReport

The Future

Schematic Certification System

Assessment Protocol

PROJECT EVALUATIONby project owners

possibly assisted by 3rd party

VERIFICATIONby 3rd party experts

Improvement suggestions

PUBLIC CERTIFICATION

Project Assessment Cycle

Planning Construction

New ProjectCertificate

Review

OperatingCertificate

Operation

Commissioning

Review Review

IHA and the WCD recommendations

WCD produced a chapter (10) on the way forward beyond the Commission. This chapter addresses different stakeholder groups and formulates requests on how they should contribute to moving sustainable hydropower further:

“Professional associations and agencies:1. Promote a culture of evaluation and self reflection to ensure

continuous learning from all aspects of large dam projects through adopting appropriate procedures.

2. Extend national committees to include a consultative group of NGOs, environmental scientists and affected peoples’ groups.

3. Set up joint work programmes with these groups at the national and regional levels to learn from past experience.

4. Develop processes for certifying compliance with WCD recommendations.

5. Extend databases, such as the ICOLD World Register of Dams, to include social and environmental parameters.”

(WCD 2000: 314)

Established the Sustainable Hydropower Website to log examples of good practice for social, economic and environmental aspects

Changed its Constitution and mission to incorporate partnerships

Hydro Sustainability Assessment Forum (HSAF) and reference group

Joined the DDP and established a reference group

Developed guidelines and a protocol to measuring performance; tested regionally and with various partners – several years

Contact details:

Richard M. Taylor, Executive DirectorInternational Hydropower Association

IHA Central Office (Fifth Floor, West)Nine Sutton Court RoadLondon Borough of SuttonSM1 4SZ - United Kingdom

Tel: +44 208 652 5290Email: rmt@hydropower.orgWeb: www.hydropower.org

Thank you!