The State of World Fishery

Takashi Matsuishi At SERD, AIT, Thailand 24Feb-14Mar, 2014

1

The State of World Fisheries and

Aquacurture 2012

2

SOFIA 2012

Published from FAO

Food and Agriculture

Organization (FAO) of the

United Nations (UN)

Fishery and Agriculture

Department

It gives a very good

outlook of the world

fishery

3

World capture fisheries and aquaculture production

148

89

Capture fisheries production in marine

areas around Asia

4

World Capture Fisheries Production

5

Number of Fishers in the World

/ Area

6

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Nu

mb

er

in 1

000

Year

Oceania

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia

Africa

Number of Fishers in the world

/ Capture Fisheries - Aquaculture

7

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Nu

mb

er

in 1

000

Year

Aquaculture

Capture Fisheries

World fish utilization and supply

8

Utilization of world fisheries production

9

Average fish prices in real terms (2005)

10

Global trends in the state of world marine

fish stocks since 1974

11

12

World Fisheries

The world fishery production is around 150 million ton in 2010 and 60% are from capture fishery 40% from Aquaculture

It is still growing but the increase looks like stopped in total capture fishery. But the capture fishery around ASEAN and the aquaculture production is increasing.

Food supply is increasing at the pace of 3.2% per year and is much higher than the increase of the world population 1.7%

Fishery provide employment. 55 million people is 0.8% of the world people is fisher.

88% of the world stock is overexploited or fully exploited, and few space to expand the capture fishery.

Missions for the Fishery Manager

13

Enhancing

Aquaculture

Inland fishery

Avoid

Over fishing

Get optimum and sustainable Yield

Understand / Educate / Implement

The current status of the stock and fishery

Sound fishery management

Examples of Exploited Fish

Population Dynamics

How can we control the population dynamics of the fish

14

Overfishing and Population Dynamics

15

Overfishing : a form of overexploitation in which fish

stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels

Judging overfishing

1. Decide the unacceptable level, biologically

2. Monitor the population of the stock

3. Confirm the reason of the depletion is overexploitation

or natural fluctuation, if depleted

16

Walleye Pollack Theragra chalcogramma Pacific Ocean off Hokkaido, Japan

Explo

itat

ion

Rat

e %

Bio

mas

s (1

000t)

Biomass Exploit. Rate

17

Pacific herring

Clupea pallasii Hokkaido, Japan

Year

Cat

ch(1

0,0

00t)

18

Kichiji Rockfish Sebastolobus macrochir

Pacific off Hokkaido Japan C

atch

(1E

3t)

19

Japanese longfin smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus Eastern Hokkaido Japan

Cat

ch (

t)

Stop

fishing

20

Population Dynamics before Fishery

21

Fish population dynamics

Part of the fluctuation is by human activity including over fishing, and maybe pollution and habitat destruction etc.

Large part of the fluctuation is by the nature of fish itself.

We have to monitor the population fluctuation and judge the depletion is overfishing or not.

Not only scientists but also the fishers and stakeholders of stock should know the nature of the fish population dynamics, and mind the uncertainty of the population and the result of fisheries management.

United Nations Convention on

the Law of the Sea

UNCLOS

22

UNCLOS

23

International agreement that resulted from the third

United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea

(UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.

Defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their

use of the world's oceans, and the management of

marine natural resources.

UNCLOS came into force in 1994

Article61 Conservation of the living resources

24

1. The coastal State shall determine the allowable catch of

the living resources in its exclusive economic zone.

2. The coastal State, taking into account the best scientific

evidence available to it, shall ensure through proper

conservation and management measures that the

maintenance of the living resources in the exclusive

economic zone is not endangered by over-exploitation. As

appropriate, the coastal State shall cooperate to this end.

Article61 Cont.

25

3. Such measures shall also be designed to maintain or restore

populations of harvested species at levels which can produce

the maximum sustainable yield including the economic needs

of coastal fishing communities and the special requirements of

developing States, and taking into account fishing patterns, the

interdependence of stocks and any generally recommended

international minimum standards.

4. In taking such measures the coastal State shall take into

consideration the effects on species associated with or

dependent upon harvested species with a view to maintaining

or restoring populations of such associated or dependent

species above levels at which their reproduction may become

seriously threatened.

Article61 Cont.

26

5. Available scientific information, catch and fishing effort

statistics, and other data relevant to the conservation of

fish stocks shall be contributed and exchanged on a

regular basis through competent international

organizations where appropriate and with participation by

all States concerned, including States whose nationals are

allowed to fish in the exclusive economic zone.

27

Japanese Correspondence to UNCLOS

UNCLOS become effective to Japan from 1996

Japanese Government made a domestic law “Act on

Preservation and Control of Living Marine Resources”

Fishery Research Agency calculate Allowable Biological

Catch for important Fishery 76 stocks / populations in 44

species / groups.

Fishery Agency decide Total Allowable Catch for 19

stocks in 7 species.

Large number of Researchers are required for the stock

assessment and fisheries management.

Conclusion of the UNCLOS

28

The scientific monitoring is forced by the international

convention of the sea.

The each country should collect available scientific

information, and control the fishery at maximum

sustainable yield level.

Researchers of the fishery management and stock

assessment are required for conducting scientific fishery

management.

Key points of this chapter

29

Key points of this chapter

30

Outline of the course

The range and topics of this course

The world fishery situations

background of the Coastal and Inland fishery

Capture fishery is still important

Asian fishery occupies large part of the world fishery

Fish Population Dynamics

Judge overfishing and natural fluctuation

UNCLOS

Scientific fishery management is forced by the international

convention