Sustainability as a Foundation for Collaboration between ......Howard Brandston John Bullough...

© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.

Sustainability as a Foundation for Collaboration between Science and Design

Mark S. Rea, Ph.D.Director and Professor

Lighting Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Troy, N. Y.

31 October 2009

http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�

© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.

Sustainability

2

Economy

Equity EcologyFrom Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michael Braungart. 2002.


Economy

Sustainability is a framework to gain competitive advantage and increase profitability through strategic planning and long-term decisions

3

Economy

Equity Ecology


Is lighting profitable?

What is the price of light?

What is the price of lighting?

4


Price of light

lamp price + electricity ratewattage x efficacy x life efficacy x 1000

x recommended illuminance

= dollars per square meter-hourLamp price adjusted to constant dollarsEfficacy in lumens/wattLamp life in hoursElectricity cost adjusted to constant dollarsRecommended illuminance in lux per IESNA

5

( )

$1.00 (1967) = $6.21 (2008)


Price of light: Lamps (for prevailing technology)

6

1913:~ 300 lm

2008:~ 3000 lm


Price of light: Lamp life

7

LEDs(50,000 hrs)


Price of light: Lamp efficacy

8

Adapted from: http://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/tech/chart.htm

lum

ens/

wat

t

255075100125150175200225

0

year1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

sulfur lampcompact fluorescenthigh-pressure sodiumfluorescentlow-pressure sodiummercury vapor/metal halideincandescent

2010

LEDs


Price of light: Electricity

9

Adapted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec8_38.pdf

© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.10

LEDs

Price of light (for prevailing technology)


Price of light: Recommended illuminances

11

Source: IESNA Lighting Handbook, 1st-9th eds.


$0.0000

$0.0005

$0.0010

$0.0015

$0.0020

$0.0025

$0.0030

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

year

1967

dol

lars

per

squ

are

met

er •

hour

Price of light

12

lamps + energy

LEDs + energy

one lightlevel

peak electricity cost

increasedlight levelsincandescent

technology

three reducedlight levels

fluorescentintroduced

HML lamp replacement

LED replacement

(for prevailing technology)


Ecology

Sustainability is a framework to preserve the environment through ecologically intelligent design and rational use of resources

13

Economy

Equity Ecology

Energy

Environment


What is the real cost of light?

Air pollution Global warming

14

—probably impossible to measure precisely

—but not necessarily impossible to tax


Environmental pollution: Acid rain

15Eu

rope

an E

nviro

nmen

t Age

ncy

(EEA

)

JLM

Vis

uals

Adam

Har

t-Dav

is

Ener

gy O

nlin

e


Global warming

16

AgW

orld

Wal

ter J

enni

ngs

Thin

kQue

st


Price of light: Electricity

17

Adapted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec8_38.pdf

“Real” cost of electricity


$0.0000

$0.0005

$0.0010

$0.0015

$0.0020

$0.0025

$0.0030

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

year

1967

dol

lars

per

squ

are

met

er •

hour

Price of light

18

lamps + energy

lamps + energy x 2



Price of light



= dollars per square meter-hour

19

( )

Price of lighting

+ luminaires


$0.0000

$0.0005

$0.0010

$0.0015

$0.0020

$0.0025

$0.0030

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

year

1967

dol

lars

per

squ

are

met

er •

hour

Price of lighting

20

lamps + energylamp replacement


+ luminaires+ installation


Price of light



= dollars per square meter-hour

21

( )

Price of lighting

+ luminaires

+ design


$0.0000

$0.0005

$0.0010

$0.0015

$0.0020

$0.0025

$0.0030

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

year

1967

dol

lars

per

squ

are

met

er •

hour

Price of lighting

22

lamps + energylamp replacement


+ luminaires+ installation+ design

$2.50/m²* =2.6% of the

cost of ownership

* in 2008 dollars


Price of lighting, percentages

23


Price of light: Lamps (for prevailing technology)

24

As a commodity,lamp price

drops by 2/3


Design becomes a commodity?

$2.50/m² $0.80/m²?

25


Equity

Sustainability is a framework to add social value

26

Economy

Equity Ecology

, and a foundation for maintaining the value of design


Equity = People

More than just lumens

27


Equity = People

More than just lumens More than just aesthetics

28

LEDs Magazine


Equity = People

More than just lumens More than just aesthetics Includes safety

29


Equity = People

More than just lumens More than just aesthetics Includes safety Includes security

30


Equity = People

More than just lumens More than just aesthetics Includes safety Includes security Includes health

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Night shift workers

Jet lag

Adolescents’ sleep patterns

Sleep disorders

Neonatalintensivecare units

Sports performance

Seasonal affective

disorder

Spacetravel

Older adults’sleep patterns

Breastcancer


New paradigm: Partnership between design and science

Performance, Well-being, Satisfaction, and Comfort

IESNA

Appearance Visual SystemVisual

Performance

Intensity Spectrum DurationDistribution Timing


Luminous efficiency functions

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Performance


Alerting Effects Circadian System Phase Shift



IESNA


Luminous efficiency functions

35




Performance


Alerting Effects Circadian System Phase Shift



Culture, Experience, Expectations

IESNA

© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.37

Biederman, I. and Vessel, E. A. 2006. Perceptual Pleasure and the Brain. American Scientist. May-June. Fig. 2.

Visual pleasure pathways


Proposal: Design + Science

38


Opportunities

U.S. EPA: National Center for Environmental Research

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

AIA Upjohn Research Initiative NIH Office of Dietary

Supplements American Federation for Aging

Research (AFAR) Research Grants/New Investigator Awards in Alzheimer’s Disease

Wisconsin Energy Conservation Corporation

City of Welland, Ontario, Canada Nuckolls Fund for Lighting

Education Inc.

39


Sustainable lighting is…

40

Economy

Equity Ecology

Lighting for profit:More than price

Lighting for energy/environment:

More than the price of electricity

Lighting for people: More than lumens

© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.© 2009 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.

Thank you.

41

Acknowledgments: Howard BrandstonJohn BulloughMariana FigueiroDennis GuyonAbhay Wadhwa

http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/index.html�

Sustainability as a Foundation for Collaboration between Science and DesignSustainabilityEconomyIs lighting profitable?Price of lightPrice of light: Lamps �(for prevailing technology)Price of light: Lamp lifePrice of light: Lamp efficacyPrice of light: ElectricityPrice of light � Price of light: Recommended illuminancesPrice of light � EcologyWhat is the real cost of light?Environmental pollution: �Acid rainGlobal warmingPrice of light: ElectricityPrice of light � Price of lightPrice of lighting � Price of lightPrice of lighting � Price of lighting, percentagesPrice of light: Lamps �(for prevailing technology)Design becomes a commodity?EquityEquity = PeopleEquity = PeopleEquity = PeopleEquity = PeopleEquity = PeopleNew paradigm: Partnership between �design and scienceLuminous efficiency functionsNew paradigm: Partnership between �design and scienceLuminous efficiency functionsNew paradigm: Partnership between �design and scienceVisual pleasure pathwaysProposal: Design + ScienceOpportunitiesSustainable lighting is…Slide Number 41

Sustainability as a Foundation for Collaboration between ......Howard Brandston John Bullough...

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