Sustainability and Autodependency Norman W. Garrick Lecture 6.
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Transcript of Sustainability and Autodependency Norman W. Garrick Lecture 6.
What is Sustainability?
Sustainability is the stewardship of natural and human-made resources
so that the quality of living and the health of our cities, countryside and open space do not deteriorate from one generation to the next
Cervero, The Transit Metropolis: Transit and the Changing World
Talking the Talk
Politicians in Jamaica and many other third world countries are very aware of the need to ‘talk’ sustainability but the policies often don’t add up to changes that support environmental sustainability. Environmental and health sustainability is often compromised in the interest of economic growth.
The situation in the USA is slightly different – often technological fixes are offered up as the solution that will cause us to achieve environmental health without changing any of the economic or social issues that impact sustainability
So how do we convert the seemingly vague concept of sustainability into a concrete framework for guiding policy and design?
The Three-Legged Stool
The common model of sustainability is made up of a triad of economic, social, and environmental sustainability
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The Problem with the Three-legged Stool Model
The three-legged stool model does not help us address seemingly hard questions like
• How do we improve people’s quality of life without necessarily increasing consumption to levels that might cause environmental degradation?
• Can we have a sustainable economy without the need for constantly increasing levels of consumption?
• Can we satisfy people’s desire for access without environmentally damaging levels of mobility?
The Starting Place for Understanding Sustainability
Source: http://www.spacetoday.org/images/SolSys/Earth/EarthBlueMarbleWestTerra.jpg
Why Protecting the Biosphere is the Bottom-line for Sustainability
We only have the one biosphere – this biosphere consists of natural ecosystems at different scales. It is a closed system with only one energy input and no output
for waste
Human activities have a big impact on the biosphere
We need to re-structure these activities so that we can satisfy our needs and desires without continuing to cause harm to the biosphere
The Problem with the Three-Legged Stool
The triad model of sustainability is considered by some to be flawed because it does not explicitly recognize that environmental sustainability requires changes to social and economic institutions – instead, it talks about balance
It is universally acknowledged that the three dimensions of sustainability - environmental, social and economic – are a useful and valid way of conceptualizing this issue
What is in dispute is the order in which they are considered. The three-legged stool does not imply any order or priority
The Appropriate Order for the Three Domains
The important shift is to recognize that the economy is the creation of society, and not the other way around.
The economy is thus framed by the social context in which it occurs.
Further, both society and the economy operate within the context of a natural environment of limited capacity.
This lead to the nested box model of sustainability in which the order of priority is environment, social, and economy sustainability
It is important not to take this model to mean that the economy, or economic considerations, are not important
Rather it should be interpreted as saying that growth should serve the interest of the society and be environmentally sustainable.
The most extreme examples of economic growth without social or environmental sustainability can be found in many “oil rich” countries around the world.
The Nested box model also contains echoes of Littman's point about striving for ‘development’ not just ‘growth’
Interpreting the Nested Box Model of Sustainability
From an article by McGranahan and Satterthwaite in
Pugh, Sustainable Cities in Developing Countries, Earthscan, pg. 73-87