Sussex Wetland Conference: Adrian Lloyd Jones
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Transcript of Sussex Wetland Conference: Adrian Lloyd Jones
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Species as
Ecosystem Engineers
THE BEAVER
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Adrian Lloyd JonesNorth Wales Wildlife Trust
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The Welsh Beaver Assessment Initiative
• Wildlife Trusts Wales is the lead organisation.
• Management team includes representatives from WTW, CCW, EAW, FCW, Wild Europe and key individuals.
• Primary aim is to investigate the potential for a beaver reintroduction to Wales
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Probable distribution of European beaver in
Europe (outwith Russia) after the last Ice Age
(Halley, D & Rosell, F. - 2002)
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Beaver distribution by late 19th Century
1. Telemark, Norway. c.1002. Elbe, Germany. <2003. Rhône, France. c. 304. Pripet Marshes, Belarus. <400
Approx population: 1,200 animals
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• Pelt (very dense and warm, also for waterproof hats)• Meat (especially during lent)• Castoreum (general remedy)
Landscape change generally unimportant
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Present day distribution
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Why reintroduce the beaver?
• Legal: Article 22 of the EC ‘Habitats Directive’.• Biodiversity: a ‘keystone species’ in the ecology of
riparian woodlands and wetlands.• Environmental benefits: water quality & quantity.
Socio-economic benefits: public interest, wildlife tourism.
• Moral argument: a species lost through human actions.
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Beavers manage wetland ecosystems by...
• Feeding activity – grazing, coppicing trees
• Building activity – dams/ponds, lodges
• Digging activity – burrows, channels
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Feeding
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Fallen and standing deadwood
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Building
Dams
• Aim to achieve a depth of 0.7 – 1.0 metre• Keeps entrance submerged• Enables diving (for predator evasion)• Deeper water enables movement under ice• Easier transport of food and building materials
Easier access to food sources
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1964 1967 1992 1994 2002
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Beaver dam 1995
Beavers increase number of fish species
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Building and Digging - Burrows and Lodges
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Beaver Canals
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Beavers in a human influenced landscape
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BEAVER PROBLEMS
Feeding on crops• Real damage mostly
minor
Felling trees• No real habitat damage
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BEAVER PROBLEMS
Damming• Flooding of man used
areas• Blocking water courses
Digging• Burrows under fields• Burrows in dams and dikes
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• Electrical fences
• Protection for trees
• Removing dams
• Protecting culverts
• Trapping problem beavers
• Public relations
Many solutions to problems
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Beaver trap baited with apples
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Where do problems occur ?• 98% of all problems are within 20m from the water's edge
(95% of all beaver activity within 10m)
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Llanbwchwyn SSSI. 67 acres
Radnorshire Wildlife Trust
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Biodiverse Beaver Landscapes
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Thank you