Surat Basin population report, 2013

Introduction

The Surat Basin Population Report, 2013 (the report) provides

estimates of the population of non–resident fly-in/fly-out and

drive-in/drive-out (FIFO/DIDO) workers who were on-shift in the

region during the last week of June 2013. Information regarding the

supply and take-up of commercial accommodation utilised by these

workers is also summarised. The report is supplemented by detailed

data tables, including time series data, which are available on the

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office (QGSO) website

(www.oesr.qld.gov.au).

The Surat Basin’s non-resident population, which comprises people

working in the mining and gas industries, construction workers, and

associated sub-contractors, was identified through data collected by

QGSO from accommodation providers in late June 2013.

Non-resident workers are not included in estimated resident

population (ERP) data released annually by the Australian Bureau

of Statistics (ABS). As a result, the full-time equivalent (FTE)

population estimates presented in this report, which combine the

resident and non-resident populations, provide a more complete

indicator of total demand for certain services than either measure

used alone.

Key findings

Key findings of this report include:

Around 12,480 non-resident workers on-shift were counted in

the Surat Basin in late June 2013, an estimated 6,035 persons

(or 94%) more than in June 2012. Most of this growth was due to rapid expansion of CSG/LNG gas field development

and pipeline construction workforces.

All LGAs in the Surat Basin experienced growth in their non-resident populations during the year to June 2013. The

largest increases occurred in Western Downs (R) (3,310 persons) and Maranoa (R) (2,590), while the non-resident

population of Toowoomba (R) grew by 135.

Western Downs (R) had the largest non-resident population in June 2013, with 7,485 persons or 60% of the regional

total. Maranoa (R) accounted for 37% (4,665), with the remaining 3% in Toowoomba (R) (330 persons).

An increasing proportion of non-resident workers stayed in rural areas of the Surat Basin rather than towns when

on-shift. In June 2013, around 87% of the non-resident population of Maranoa (R) and 64% of that for Western Downs

(R) were accommodated in rural areas, compared with 74% and 50% respectively in June 2012.

Worker accommodation villages (WAVs) were the predominant type of accommodation used by the non-resident

population of the Surat Basin. In June 2013, 10,930 non-resident workers (or 88% of total) lived in WAVs while on-shift,

while a further 1,190 (10%) were accommodated in hotels/motels and 360 (3%) in caravan parks.

The number of WAVs in the Surat Basin increased to 94 in June 2013, 28 more than in June 2012. Of these new

WAVs, 15 were medium-sized villages of 100–499 beds and 12 were small camps of less than 100 beds.

WAV bed capacity in rural areas of the Surat Basin increased by 5,880 beds in the year to June 2013, while capacity of

WAVs in towns grew by 840 beds. Increased supply of WAV beds for non-resident workers helped to ease hotel/motel

room availability in Maranoa (R), but had little impact in Western Downs (R), where availability declined.

The Surat Basin — at a glance

The Surat Basin comprises the local government areas

(LGAs) of Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R) and

Toowoomba (R). The recent development of three major

coal seam gas/liquefied natural gas (CSG/LNG) projects

in the Surat Basin has created a surge in regional

employment, largely taken up by FIFO/DIDO workers.

Population at June 2013:

Non-resident workers on-shift ................................ 12,480

Resident population estimate .............................. 205,205

Full-time equivalent population ............................ 217,685

Figure 1: Surat Basin region

Surat Basin population report, 2013 2

Non-resident workers on-shift

QGSO’s Survey of Accommodation Providers counted 12,480 non-resident

workers on-shift in the Surat Basin in late June 2013 (Table 1). Around 60%

of these (7,485 persons) were counted in the LGA of Western Downs (R),

with 37% (4,665) in Maranoa (R) and the remaining 3% (330) in Toowoomba

(R).

The region’s non-resident population nearly doubled over the year to June

2013, growing by 6,035 persons or 94%. Most of this growth occurred in

Western Downs (R) and Maranoa (R), which increased by 3,310 persons (or

79%) and 2,590 persons (or 125%) respectively. The non-resident population

of Toowoomba (R) experienced smaller growth of 135 persons (or 72%).1

1 See the Bowen Basin population report, 2013 for further detail http://www.oesr.qld.gov.au/products/publications/bowen-basin-pop-report/index.php.

Surat Basin update, 2012–13

In the year to 30 June 2013, most employment growth in the Surat Basin was associated with the continuing development of three coal

seam gas/liquefied natural gas (CSG/LNG) projects in the LGAs of Western Downs (R) and Maranoa (R). While all three CSG/LNG

projects were adversely affected to some extent by flooding in 2012–13 and the availability of suitably skilled labour, their project

scheduling requires that all ‘upstream’ works be completed in time to deliver sufficient gas volumes to Gladstone for process ing and

export by 2015–16. These changes required flexibility in both the size and location of project workforces in 2012–13, largely in the form of

additional FIFO/DIDO contract labour. Some projects also brought forward capital expenditure to fund upstream field development earlier

than previously announced (Santos, 2012).

The Gladstone LNG (GLNG) project (Santos, Petronas, Total and Kogas) was well advanced in mid-2013. Work on the 420km gas

transmission pipeline progressed through Maranoa (R) and other LGAs en route to Gladstone (R). In the gas fields, construction

began during the year on facilities at GLNG gas hubs at Roma and Fairview, east of Injune, including gas compressors and water

treatment plants (Santos, 2013b). Contractors working for the company completed major road construction and upgrades around

Fairview and Roma in early 2013 (Santos, 2013a).

The Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) project (Origin Energy, ConocoPhillips and Sinopec) approved the development of its second

4.5 million tonne per annum LNG processing train on Curtis Island in July 2012 (APLNG, 2012). In June 2013, the company

announced that it had reached the halfway mark of the APLNG project’s development, with first production expected in mid-2015

(APLNG, 2013). Gas field development was well advanced, with almost 300 wells drilled and the first gas compression facility near

Miles expected to become operational by late 2013. Pipeline development was also well under way, with construction of the main

pipeline due for completion around the end of 2013.

The Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) project (Queensland Gas Company (BG Group)) accelerated construction of its gas field

infrastructure, export pipeline and LNG plant, and continued to increase the number of well site completions in order to achieve its

first LNG shipment in 2014. In June 2013, the company reported that it had drilled about 1,300 of the 2,000 wells required and that

more than 90% of the gas collection system in the Surat Basin and 80% of the export pipeline had been welded prior to burial (QGC,

2013). Upstream construction projects that progressed substantially in 2012–13 included field compression stations, a central

processing plant at Ruby Jo near Dalby and a water treatment plant near Chinchilla.

By June 2013, work on the main export pipelines for all three projects (Figure 3) was nearing completion in the Surat Basin, and had

progressed into the adjoining Bowen Basin LGAs of Central Highlands (R) and Banana (S)1. A fourth CSG/LNG project planned for the

region (the Surat Gas Project component of the Arrow Energy LNG Project) had not received approval by June 2013, although Arrow

Energy had a small workforce in Western Downs (R) engaged in domestic CSG production and power generation.

Coal mining activity in the Surat Basin during 2012–13 was limited to five mines — Cameby Downs (Yancoal Australia), Commodore

(Millmerran Power), Kogan Creek (CS Energy), New Acland (New Acland Coal) and Wilkie Creek (Peabody Energy) — producing

thermal coal for local energy markets and for limited export. According to Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) data, the

total reported workforces for the five operating coal mines in the Surat Basin reached almost 1,000 employees and contractors in June

2013 (DNRM, 2013).

A number of coal-related projects are planned for the Surat Basin. Those approved to date include Glencore XStrata’s Wandoan Coal

Mine project, and the Surat Basin Rail project that would link the Surat Basin coalfields to export facilities in Gladstone. As at June 2013,

none of these projects had proceeded to final investment decision (FID), and their workforce impacts in the region were negligible. In

September 2013, Glencore XStrata announced that the Wandoan mine project was ‘on hold’ for an indefinite period (Glencore XStrata,

2013).

Non-resident workers on-shift

Non-resident workers are people who

fly-in/fly-out or drive-in/drive-out (FIFO/DIDO)

to work and live in the area temporarily while

rostered on, and who have their usual place

of residence elsewhere.

Due to shift arrangements, not all members of

the non-resident workforce are present in the

local area at one time. For that reason,

figures given in this report refer to the number

of non-resident workers on–shift, rather than

total non-resident workforce numbers.

Surat Basin population report, 2013 3

Table 1: Non-resident workers on-shift, Surat Basin LGAs

LGA

2012 2013 Change, 2012 to 2013

— number — — number — — % —

Maranoa (R) 2,075 4,665 2,590 125

Toowoomba (R) 190 330 135 72

Western Downs (R) 4,175 7,485 3,310 79

SURAT BASIN TOTAL 6,445 12,480 6,035 94

Figures in tables have been rounded to the nearest five; see notes for details.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2012 and 2013

The distribution of non-resident workforces within the Surat Basin differs from other key resource regions in Queensland, in

that a relatively small proportion of FIFO/DIDO resource industry workers are accommodated in population centres. Instead,

most non-resident workers in the Surat Basin are now housed in rural WAVs located on or close to gas field tenures while

on-shift. This pattern reflects the decentralised nature of the region’s CSG/LNG gas field development and the mobility of

some workforce elements, such as drilling and pipeline construction teams. The location of worker accommodation in rural

areas is also influenced by workforce health and safety considerations, which restrict daily drive times between place of work

and place of rest.

In total, the Surat Basin had 8,925 non-resident workers on-shift living in rural areas (72% of total) and 3,555 (28% of total)

living in towns in 20132. The predominantly rural distribution of non-resident populations is evident in the two larger LGAs of

the Surat Basin (Figure 2). In June 2013, around 87% of the 4,665 non–resident workers on–shift (or 4,080 people) in

Maranoa (R) were accommodated in rural areas, with only 585 persons located in towns. Similarly, 4,820 non–resident

workers on-shift (or 64% of total) were accommodated in rural areas of Western Downs (R), with the remaining 2,665

persons housed in towns.

Time series data show that while the non-resident populations of Maranoa (R) and Western Downs (R) have increased

markedly since 2011, most of this growth has occurred in rural areas rather than in towns. This is most apparent in Maranoa

(R), where growth in the non-resident population of towns (190 persons) between 2011 and 2013 was insignificant compared

to growth in rural areas (3,320 persons).

The growth pattern of Western Downs (R) between 2011 and 2013 also favoured the non-resident population of rural areas

(3,990 persons) over that of towns (1,490 persons), although most of this rural growth occurred between 2012 and 2013.

Prior to 2013, the number of non-resident workers accommodated in towns in Western Downs (R) outnumbered those in

rural areas. Non-resident populations in towns continued to increase in 2013, aided by construction of new WAVs and

expansion of existing WAVs in town centres, as well as extensive utilisation of commercial accommodation to house

workers.

Figure 2: Non-resident workers on-shift by location(a)

, Maranoa (R) and Western Downs (R)

(a) Refer to notes for explanation of ‘in town’ and ‘rural areas’.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2011 to 2013

2 Surat Basin total includes 305 non-resident workers in town and 20 in rural areas in Toowoomba (R) in 2013 that are not included in Figure 2.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

Maranoa (R) Western Downs (R)

persons In town Rural areas

Surat Basin population report, 2013 4

Full-time equivalent population estimates

In June 2013, the estimated FTE population of the Surat Basin was

217,685 persons, comprising an estimated 205,205 residents and 12,480

non-resident workers on–shift (Table 2). Non-resident workers on-shift

accounted for 25% of the FTE population in Maranoa (R), and 18% of the

FTE population of Western Downs (R). Because of its relatively large

resident population, non-resident workers on-shift made up a very small

proportion (less than 1%) of the FTE population of Toowoomba (R).

Several urban centres and localities (UC/Ls) in the Surat Basin contained

large populations of non-resident workers on–shift in 2013, which boosted

their FTE populations. Of these, Chinchilla and Dalby in Western Downs

(R) had the largest and second largest non-resident populations (1,280 and 820 persons respectively). Similarly, the urban

centre of Roma in Maranoa (R) had a relatively large non-resident population (485 persons). Each of these centres

contained one or more WAVs and large quantities of hotel/motel and caravan park accommodation, which were in high

demand for housing non-resident workers in 2013. Other towns in Western Downs (R) also hosted substantial non-resident

populations (Miles, 275 persons and Wandoan, 210 persons).

As previously noted, the LGAs of Maranoa (R) and Western Downs (R) had sizeable non-resident populations living in rural

areas rather than in towns. Non-resident workers on-shift accounted for half (50%) of the FTE population of rural areas in

Maranoa (R), and 27% of the rural FTE population in Western Downs (R) in June 2013.

Table 2: FTE population estimates, Surat Basin LGAs and selected UC/Ls, June 2013

LGA Location(a)

UC/L Resident

population(b)

Non–resident

workers on–shift FTE population

estimate

Maranoa (R) In town Injune 410 45 455

Mitchell 955 20 975

Roma 7,310 485 7,795

Other towns(c)

950 35 980

Rural areas 4,085 4,080 8,170

Maranoa (R) total 13,710 4,665 18,375

Toowoomba (R) In town Crows Nest 1,685 20 1,705

Millmerran 1,395 35 1,430

Oakey 4,490 60 4,550

Pittsworth 3,085 50 3,135

Toowoomba 101,365 140 101,505

Other towns(c)

23,610 0 23,610

Rural areas 22,670 20 22,690

Toowoomba (R) total 158,300 330 158,630

Western Downs (R) In town Chinchilla 5,000 1,280 6,280

Dalby 11,465 820 12,285

Jandowae 800 45 845

Miles 1,200 275 1,475

Tara 905 30 940

Wandoan 335 210 545

Other towns(c)

295 0 295

Rural areas 13,195 4,820 18,015

Western Downs (R) total 33,195 7,485 40,680

SURAT BASIN TOTAL 205,205 12,480 217,685

(a) Refer to notes for explanation of ‘in town’ and ‘rural areas’.

(b) Queensland Treasury and Trade estimates.

(c) UC/Ls with only one accommodation provider or fewer than 20 non-resident workers are aggregated in ‘other towns’.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2013.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) population

The FTE population measure is the sum of the

resident population estimate (people who live in

the area permanently) and the number of

non-resident workers on–shift.

The FTE population provides a better measure of

total demand for certain services and

infrastructure in regions with a high incidence of

FIFO/DIDO workers.

Surat Basin population report, 2013 5

Figure 3: Surat Basin LGAs and selected UC/Ls

Source: QGSO, 2012

Surat Basin population report, 2013 6

Non-resident worker accommodation

WAVs were the predominant form of non-resident worker accommodation used across the Surat Basin, housing 10,930

non-resident workers on-shift (or 88% of the total) in June 2013 (Table 3). A further 1,190 persons (or 10%) were counted in

hotels/motels, with caravan parks accounting for the remainder (360 persons, or 3%).

The majority of non-resident workers in Maranoa (R) (4,325 persons, or 93%) and Western Downs (R) (6,585, or 88%)

stayed in WAVs while on-shift in 2013. The proportion of non-resident workers staying in WAVs increased across all LGAs

between 2012 and 2013, with Maranoa (R) recording a notably large proportional increase (up 16 percentage points). This

trend is consistent with the expansion of gas field development and drilling activities beyond daily commuting distance from

established towns in 2013, and occupation of new rural WAVs that were built to meet that need.

Table 3: Non-resident workers on-shift by accommodation type, Surat Basin LGAs

LGA

WAVs Hotels/motels(a)

Caravan parks Total non–resident

workers on–shift Non-resident workers

on-shift in WAVs

2013 2012 2013

— number — — % —

Maranoa (R) 4,325 280 60 4,665 77 93

Toowoomba (R) 20 200 110 330 0 6

Western Downs (R) 6,585 710 190 7,485 82 88

SURAT BASIN TOTAL 10,930 1,190 360 12,480 78 88

(a) Refer to notes for additional information on hotels/motels.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2012 and 2013

WAVs encompass a wide range of accommodation styles and differ in size,

location, duration and amenity. These range from temporary drilling and

exploration camps and mobile construction camps, to major,

well-established villages with a high standard of services and facilities.

In total, 94 WAVs were counted in the Surat Basin in June 2013, with the

majority located in rural areas (84 WAVs, or 89% of total) (Table 4). Small

WAVs (less than 100 beds), which include mobile drilling and exploration

camps, were the most common type of facility (60 WAVs, of which 56 were

located in rural areas).

There were 28 more WAVs in the Surat Basin in 2013 than in 2012. Growth was most prevalent in medium-sized (100–499

bed) facilities (15 WAVs, with 13 located in rural areas), largely associated with gas field development. A further 12 small

WAVs were built and occupied in 2013, with most (nine WAVs) also located in rural areas rather than in towns.

The Surat Basin gained two very large WAVs (1,000 or more beds) between 2012 and 2013, both in Western Downs (R).

One of these was a new WAV located on the gas fields, while the other was an expansion of an existing facility in town.

Table 4: WAVs by size and location(a)

, Surat Basin

WAV capacity

2012 2013

In town Rural areas Total WAVs In town Rural areas Total WAVs

Small (less than 100 beds) 1 47 48 4 56 60

Medium (100–499 beds) 2 12 14 4 25 29

Large (500–999 beds) 2 2 4 1 2 3

Very large (1,000+ beds) 0 0 0 1 1 2

Total WAVs 5 61 66 10 84 94

(a) Refer to notes for explanation of ‘in town’ and ‘rural areas’.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2012 and 2013

Worker accommodation villages (WAVs)

WAVs, also known as single person quarters

(SPQs) or worker camps, are commonly used to

house unaccompanied non-resident workers.

WAVs typically consist of demountable dwellings

arranged in a village, with common messing,

laundry and recreational facilities.

Surat Basin population report, 2013 7

Total WAV bed capacity for the Surat Basin reached 14,305 beds in June 2013, an increase of 6,720 beds or 89% from the

preceding year, with most growth occurring in the LGAs of Maranoa (R) and Western Downs (R) (Figure 4)3. This growth

largely comprised new WAVs and expansions of existing WAVs servicing gas field development, exploration and

construction in rural areas (5,880 beds). The capacity of WAVs in town increased by 840 beds.

The total bed capacity of WAVs in Maranoa (R) more than doubled to 5,990 beds in 2013 — an increase of 3,940 beds or

192% from 2012. Only a small part of this increase was in towns (305 beds), with most growth occurring in rural areas (3,635

beds). In Western Downs (R), total WAV bed capacity grew from 5,535 beds in 2012 to 8,275 beds in 2013, an increase of

2,740 beds or 49%. As with Maranoa (R), most of the growth in WAV bed capacity for Western Downs (R) occurred in rural

areas (2,205 beds) rather than in towns (535 beds).

Figure 4: WAV bed capacity by location(a)

, Maranoa (R) and Western Downs (R)

(a) Refer to notes for explanation of ‘in town’ and ‘rural areas’.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2011 to 2013

Most hotels/motels in the Surat Basin are located within or on the outskirts of towns. In recent years, strong demand for

accommodation from non-resident workers servicing nearby resource operations and projects has limited the number of

hotel/motel rooms that are available for use by other clients.

The supply of vacant and available hotel/motel accommodation in Western Downs (R) fell from 11% in 2012 to 6% in 2013

(Table 5), contradicting the upward trend for other LGAs and for the Surat Basin overall. As previously noted, the number of

non-resident workers accommodated in towns across Western Downs (R) increased substantially during this period, as did

the supply of WAV beds in town (see Figures 2 and 4). The reduced availability of hotel/motel rooms suggests that increased

supply of WAV beds did little to alleviate increased demand for non–resident worker accommodation in towns of Western

Downs (R).

In comparison, the number of vacant and available hotel/motel rooms in Maranoa (R) increased from 7% in 2012 to 19% in

2013. The increased supply of WAV accommodation in town and low non–resident population growth in town is likely to have

contributed to reduced demand for hotel/motel accommodation from non-resident workers.

Table 5: Vacant and available hotel/motel rooms, Surat Basin LGAs

LGA

Occupied by non-resident workers

Vacant and available

(a) Balance

(a)

Total hotel/ motel rooms

(a)

Vacant and available hotel/motel rooms

2013 2012 2013

— number — — % —

Maranoa (R) 280 120 210 610 7 19

Toowoomba (R) 200 200 655 1,050 15 19

Western Downs (R) 710 45 95 850 11 6

SURAT BASIN TOTAL 1,190 365 960 2,515 11 15

(a) Refer to notes for additional information on hotels/motels and explanation of ‘vacant and available’ and ‘balance’.

Source: QGSO, Survey of Accommodation Providers, 2012 and 2013

3 Total increase also includes 40 WAV beds in Toowoomba (R), which are not indicated in Figure 4.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

Maranoa (R) Western Downs (R)

no. beds In town Rural areas

Surat Basin population report, 2013 8

Notes

(S) – Shire (R) – Regional Council UC/L – Urban Centre/Locality

Data in this report are sourced from QGSO’s Survey of Accommodation Providers. This collection counted non-resident workers staying in worker accommodation villages (WAVs), hotels, motels, caravan parks and other commercial accommodation on a medium to long-term basis during the last week of June 2013. Non-resident workers counted in the survey include FIFO/DIDO mining and gas industry employees and contractors, construction workers and associated subcontractors. Short-term and overnight visitors are not regarded as non-resident workers.

Data for non-resident workers on-shift presented in this report are a point in time measure, based on best information available at the time of survey. Non-resident worker numbers may vary in response to changing production demands, prevailing weather and industrial disputes. At the time of the 2013 survey, the number of non–resident workers on–shift in the Surat Basin was unaffected by adverse weather events or industrial actions.

Resident population estimates for 2013 are Queensland Treasury and Trade estimates.

‘In town’ includes populations counted in defined urban centres and localities (UC/Ls) and non–resident workers on–shift within 5km of town. ‘Rural areas’ include populations outside of defined UC/Ls, including non-resident workers more than 5km from town.

WAVs within 5km of a UC/L are included ‘in town’. WAVs more than 5km from a UC/L are allocated to ‘rural areas’.

Hotels/motels include serviced apartments and other rental accommodation occupied by non-resident workers.

‘Vacant and available’ refers to hotel/motel rooms that were not occupied by non–resident workers on–shift or other guests, and were vacant and available on the night of the survey. ‘Balance’ includes hotel/motel rooms occupied by short-term visitors, held for non-resident workers under permanent booking arrangements but not actually occupied on the night of the survey, or otherwise unavailable to prospective guests. Not all WAV beds are occupied by non-resident workers at any given point in time, due to shift patterns and tenancy arrangements.

Figures in tables (except Table 4) have been rounded to the nearest five. As a result of rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. Percentages and other calculations are made prior to rounding of figures and discrepancies might therefore exist between these calculations and those that could be derived from the rounded figures.

Detailed data tables, including time series data, are available on-line at http://www.oesr.qld.gov.au/products/tables/index.php.

References

Australia Pacific LNG (2012) Future Generations, July 2012 http://www.aplng.com.au/pdf/APLNG_Future_Generations_JUL12-WEB.pdf

Australia Pacific LNG (2013) Gas Stream, June 2013 http://www.aplng.com.au/pdf/GasStream_JUN_2013-WEB.pdf

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) (2013) Queensland Coal Open Cut/Exploration Mines — Reported number of workers as at 30 June 2013 http://mines.industry.qld.gov.au/assets/safety-and-health/coal-surface-jun-13-no.pdf

Glencore XStrata (2013) Investor Day 2013 – Coal, 10 September 2013 http://www.glencorexstrata.com/assets/Investors/InvestorDay2013/GLEN-Investor-Day-2013-Coal.pdf

QGC (2013) The Energy, June 2013 http://www.qgc.com.au/ebooks/201306_TheEnergy_June_Issue29/index.html#/4/

Santos (2012) GLNG brings forward US$2.5 billion of upstream capital expenditure, 28 June 2012 http://www.santos.com/Archive/NewsDetail.aspx?id=1337

Santos GLNG Project (2013a) Project Update, April 2013 http://www.santosglng.com/resource-library/project-update/april-2013-project-update.aspx

Santos GLNG Project (2013b) Project Update, June 2013 http://www.santosglng.com/resource-library/project-update/june-2013-project-update.aspx

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au Queensland Treasury and Trade © The State of Queensland www.oesr.qld.gov.au (Queensland Treasury and Trade) 2014