Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

© The State of Queensland (Queensland Treasury) 2016

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022

Introduction

With the use of fly-in/fly-out and drive-in/drive-out (FIFO/DIDO) work practices, it is common for resource regions to have a large population of non-resident workers who live in the area only while on-shift. This non-resident population is not included in the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ (ABS) official resident population estimates for these areas.

To bridge this information gap, Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 provides projected numbers of non–resident workers on-shift for local government areas (LGAs) in the Surat Basin region (Figure 1). The report presents two projection series, based on information provided by industry regarding existing operations and future projects. Data tables to supplement the report are available on the Queensland Government Statistician’s Office (QGSO) website (www.qgso.qld.gov.au).

Key points

Key points of this report include:

The non-resident population of the Surat Basin declined from a peak of 14,490 persons in June 2014 to 5,420 persons in June 2015, as the large FIFO/DIDO construction workforces of three coal seam gas (CSG) projects were gradually replaced by smaller operational workforces.

Two projection series represent potential non–resident population outcomes for the Surat Basin out to 2022, based on different assumptions about future project and operations workforces. Both projection series anticipate that the region’s non-resident population will fall below 2015 levels as CSG construction activity further winds down.

The Series A projection, which represents all existing operations plus projects that have passed final investment decision (FID), indicates that the Surat Basin’s non-resident population will decrease to 2,870 persons by 2018, then remain stable to 2022.

The Series B projection, which factors in the additional impacts of projects that have had an environmental impact statement (EIS) approved but are yet to reach FID, anticipates the non-resident population of the Surat Basin to fall to 3,060 persons by 2017, before growing to 3,820 persons by 2022.

Western Downs (R) will account for the majority of resource industry activity in the Surat Basin to 2022, and will continue to have the largest non-resident population of all three LGAs in the region.

Under the Series A projection for Western Downs (R), the non-resident population will continue to decline in 2016, settling at 1,730 persons from 2017 to 2022. The Series B projection for Western Downs (R) follows this trajectory to 2017, followed by a small increase to 2,140 persons in 2020.

The non-resident population of Maranoa (R) is projected to decrease to 1,030 persons by 2018 according to both projection series, before remaining at this level (Series A) or increasing to 1,670 persons by 2022 (Series B).

The non-resident population of Toowoomba (R) is projected to remain stable at around 100 persons from 2015 to 2022 (Series A), with a potential peak of 340 persons in 2018 (Series B).

Neither of the projection series for the Surat Basin includes consideration of gas projects classified as Category E, which include the proposed Arrow Surat Pipeline, the Surat Gas Project, and the Ironbark Project. Other Category E projects excluded from these projections include the Surat Basin Rail Project, and coal mining projects that depend on Surat Basin Rail.

Figure 1 Surat Basin region

In this publication, the Surat Basin region is defined as the local government areas (LGAs) of Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R) and Toowoomba (R).

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 2

Surat Basin – future influences

During 2014–15, upstream construction of three major CSG projects in the Surat Basin approached completion and production ramped up substantially. As a result, Queensland is now Australia’s leading CSG producing state (APPEA, 2015), with over 100 cargoes of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from Gladstone by January 2016 (LNG World News, 2016).

The Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG/BG Group) project commenced commercial operations from its second Gladstone train in July 2015, with plateau production of LNG expected in mid-2016 (BG Group, 2015a). In November 2015, upstream operator BG Group brought forward the development of its tenements west of Wandoan to expand gas supply. The Charlie development involves the construction of 300–400 wells, a large field compression station and associated pipelines and facilities (BG Group, 2015b).

The Gladstone LNG (GLNG) project exported first gas from Gladstone in October 2015 (Santos GLNG, 2015a), with all three upstream gas hubs now fully operational (Santos GLNG, 2015b).

The Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) project completed first export of LNG from Gladstone in January 2016 (APLNG, 2016). Most upstream gas field infrastructure was constructed and commissioned by August 2015 (APLNG, 2015).

As the major construction phase of these projects recedes into the production phase, the focus of attention is now on ensuring that gas supply is developed and maintained to meet future demand. In an environment of rising costs and falling global oil prices, the scale and timing of the Surat Basin’s CSG/LNG projects is rapidly evolving from that initially envisaged. Several recent developments are likely to have an influence on the size of the region’s working population going forward, and particularly on the number of non-resident workers:

Origin Energy announced withdrawal of the Ironbark Project from the EIS process in April 2014, but noted that the project “could be pursued in the future should market conditions be appropriate” (DEHP, 2015).

The Santos GLNG Gas Field Development was approved by the Queensland Government in December 2015, but has yet to receive Australian Government approval or reach FID (DSD, 2015).

In January 2016 Royal Dutch Shell plc announced the successful acquisition of BG Group plc, which owns extensive gas infrastructure and tenements in the Surat Basin (Royal Dutch Shell plc, 2016). At this stage it is not clear how this development will influence project planning, including the timing and proposed scale of Arrow Energy’s Surat Gas Project and the Arrow Surat Pipeline. These two projects, which are part owned by Shell (through Arrow Energy), have received government approvals but are awaiting FID.

The revised New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Project (New Hope Group) was issued a draft environmental authority (EA) from the Queensland Government on 28 August 2015, and is currently being assessed by the Land Court. The Land Court process is a usual part of the approval process (New Hope Group, 2016).

Projection methodology

QGSO’s 2016 to 2022 non–resident population projection methodology comprises four different series, which represent a range of possible outcomes arising from the future development of resource projects and operations in the Surat Basin. Each series estimates the cumulative non-resident population that would be present in each LGA at 30 June of each year to 2022, should the operations and projects listed in each category proceed according to advised timeframes and workforce numbers.

Users of these projections should note that there is a degree of uncertainty about the likelihood of these projects proceeding as assumed, and as such the projections should be regarded as being indicative scenarios rather than probabilistic predictions. QGSO does not advocate any of the projection series as being the most likely or favoured outcome. See caveats on page 9 of this report for further details.

The four projection series are based on the workforces of operations and projects at the time of preparation. Projects are categorised and included in each scenario according to their standing in the EIS process

1.

Series A projection is based on the number of non–resident workers on-shift who were engaged in existing resource operations and associated infrastructure activities in the area at June 2015. The projection takes into account future changes to those operational workforces as advised by resource company sources, as well as the estimated non–resident construction and operational workforces of Category A projects (i.e. those that had reached FID) at the time of preparation.

Series B projection includes the Series A projection plus projected growth in the non-resident population arising from Category B projects (those that have an EIS approved but have yet to reach FID).

1 The projections also include some projects where an EIS is not or may not be mandatory.

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 3

Series C projection includes the Series A and B projections, plus the projected growth in the non-resident population arising from Category C projects (those that have lodged an EIS, but have yet to proceed through to final approval). There is no Series C projection for the Surat Basin in this edition as there are no future projects in category C.

Series D projection includes Series A, B and C projections, plus the projected growth in the non-resident population from Category D projects (those that have yet to publish an EIS, including projects that have lodged an initial advice statement (IAS) as well as projects that have yet to begin the approvals process). There is no Series D projection for the Surat Basin in this edition as there are no future projects in Category D.

Where FID for an approved project has been delayed indefinitely, or in circumstances where it is not possible to give consideration to indicative workforce data or sequencing, the project is designated as Category E and is not included in any of the four projection series. Other projects that are dependent on Category E projects in order to commence are also designated as Category E, and excluded from consideration.

A full list of existing operations and projects included in each category is available in Table 5 (page 8), and a map of future projects in the Surat Basin is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Selected future projects(a)

, Surat Basin

(a) Does not include gas field development and expansion projects, or existing gas operations. Future project status is current as at March 2016. See Table 5 (page 8) for a full list of existing operations and future projects by category. Pipelines, rail corridors, and other project locations shown in map are indicative only.

Source: QGSO, 2015

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 4

Projected non–resident workers on-shift, Surat Basin

From an estimated peak of 14,490 non–resident workers on-shift in the region in June 2014, the non-resident population of the Surat Basin fell steeply to 5,420 persons in June 2015. This decrease coincides with the completion of major construction work for the QCLNG, APLNG and GLNG projects, and the transition of these projects into the operational phase (Figure 3). Ongoing production workforces for these projects will be smaller than those engaged in construction, and will have a lower proportion of non-resident workers.

Under the Series A projection, the non-resident population of the Surat Basin will gradually decrease to 2,870 persons by 2018, then remain at this level to 2022 (Table 1). This series includes the non-resident workforces of existing operations, along with those for the APLNG, GLNG and QCLNG gas fields expansion projects, the Wallumbilla Gas Treatment Facility, and Kogan Creek Solar Boost Project.

Series B projects the non-resident population to fall to 3,060 persons in 2017, then increase to reach 3,820 persons by 2022. This series reflects the impacts of workforces for the Braemar 3 Power Station, Santos GLNG Gas Field Development, and the New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Project.

Neither of the projection series for the Surat Basin include consideration of the Arrow Surat Pipeline, Surat Gas Project, Ironbark Project, Surat Basin Rail or proposed coal mining projects, which are classified as Category E (refer Table 5, page 8).

Figure 3 Past and projected non–resident workers on-shift, Surat Basin

Source: QGSO estimates, 2010 to 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

Table 1 Projected non–resident workers on-shift, Surat Basin

Projection series

Number of non–resident workers on-shift at 30 June

Estimated Projected

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Series A 5,420 3,720 2,910 2,870 2,870 2,870 2,870 2,870

Series B 5,420 3,720 3,060 3,180 3,160 3,280 3,370 3,820

Figures in all tables have been rounded to the nearest 10; see Notes at end of report for details.

Source: QGSO estimates, 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Pers

ons

Non-resident workers on-shift Series A Series B

Estimated Projected

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 5

Maranoa (R)

The non-resident population of Maranoa (R) is primarily associated with the CSG industry, with five gas operations and projects under way in March 2016 (Table 5, page 8). Current and future CSG developments in Maranoa (R) are located a considerable distance from large population centres, and will continue to rely on FIFO workforces for project construction and ongoing operations.

The number of non–resident workers on-shift in Maranoa (R) fell from 5,210 persons in June 2014 to 1,760 persons in June 2015 (Figure 4), due to the completion of construction for the APLNG and GLNG projects.

Series A projects that the number of non–resident workers on-shift in Maranoa (R) will continue to fall in 2016 and 2017 as residual construction work is completed, settling at 1,030 persons from 2018 onward (Table 2). This population includes the continuing non–resident workforce influences of existing gas operations, the APLNG and GLNG gas fields expansion projects, and Santos GLNG’s Wallumbilla Gas Treatment Facility.

The Series B projection includes consideration of the Santos GLNG Gas Field Development, which had its EIS approved in December 2015 and is awaiting FID. This scenario would see the non-resident population of Maranoa (R) decline to 1,030 persons between 2018 and 2020, before increasing to 1,670 persons by 2022.

Figure 4 Past and projected non–resident workers on-shift, Maranoa (R)

Source: QGSO estimates, 2010 to 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

Table 2 Projected non–resident workers on-shift, Maranoa (R)

Projection series

Number of non–resident workers on-shift at 30 June

Estimated Projected

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Series A 1,760 1,230 1,070 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,030

Series B 1,760 1,230 1,070 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,370 1,670

Source: QGSO estimates, 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Pers

ons

Non-resident workers on-shift Series A Series B

Estimated Projected

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 6

Western Downs (R)

The LGA of Western Downs (R) accounts for the majority of resource industry activity in the Surat Basin, with ten gas, coal and power operations and projects under way in March 2016 (Table 5, page 8).

The non-resident population of Western Downs (R) fell from a peak of 9,100 persons in June 2014 to 3,560 persons in June 2015, due largely to completion of construction for the APLNG and QCLNG projects (Figure 5).

According to the Series A projection (Table 3), the non-resident population of Western Downs (R) will continue to decline to 2017, then settle at 1,730 persons from 2017 onward. In addition to ongoing resource industry operations in the LGA, this projection series takes into consideration the non–resident construction workforces of the APLNG and QCLNG gas fields expansion projects, as well as the Kogan Creek Solar Boost Project.

Series B likewise projects a decline to 1,730 persons in 2017, before increasing to 2,140 persons in 2020 then falling to 2,010 persons in 2022. This reflects the additional influence of the construction workforces for the Braemar 3 Power Station and the Santos GLNG Gas Field Development.

Neither of the projection series for Western Downs (R) include consideration of the Arrow Surat Pipeline, Surat Gas Project, Ironbark Project, Surat Basin Rail or proposed coal mining projects, which are classified as Category E (refer Table 5, page 8).

Figure 5 Past and projected non–resident workers on-shift, Western Downs (R)

Source: QGSO estimates, 2010 to 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

Table 3 Projected non–resident workers on-shift, Western Downs (R)

Projection series

Number of non–resident workers on-shift at 30 June

Estimated Projected

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Series A 3,560 2,390 1,730 1,730 1,730 1,730 1,730 1,730

Series B 3,560 2,390 1,730 1,810 1,990 2,140 1,870 2,010

Source: QGSO estimates, 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Pers

ons

Non-resident workers on-shift Series A Series B

Estimated Projected

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 7

Toowoomba (R)

The LGA of Toowoomba (R) has a relatively small resource industry base compared with the other two Surat Basin LGAs, with two coal operations and one gas operation under way in March 2016 (Table 5, page 8). The proximity of the large population centre of Toowoomba to most resource operations in the region means that workers are more likely to reside within the local area, rather than FIFO/DIDO from elsewhere.

The number of non–resident workers on-shift in Toowoomba (R) fell to 100 persons in June 2015 (Figure 6, Table 4), following completion of construction and exploration activities in the region.

The non-resident population of Toowoomba (R) is projected to remain stable at 100 persons from 2015 to 2022, according to Series A. This population includes non-resident workers associated with existing resource industry operations in the LGA.

The Series B projection includes the anticipated non–resident population impacts of the New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Project. Under this scenario the number of non–resident workers on-shift in the LGA would increase from 2016 to reach 340 persons in 2018, before falling to between 120 and 130 persons from 2019 to 2022.

In addition to the workforces of resource operations and projects, non-resident workforces of associated infrastructure projects – including seasonal power station maintenance workers and highway construction crews – may occasionally influence the size of Toowoomba (R)’s non-resident population. These have not been factored into this projection series.

Neither of the projection series for Toowoomba (R) include consideration of Arrow Energy’s Surat Gas Project or the Toowoomba Second Range Crossing, which are classified as Category E (refer Table 5, page 8).

Figure 6 Past and projected non–resident workers on-shift, Toowoomba (R)

Source: QGSO estimates, 2010 to 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

Table 4 Projected non–resident workers on-shift, Toowoomba (R)

Projection series

Number of non–resident workers on-shift at 30 June

Estimated Projected

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Series A 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Series B 100 100 260 340 130 120 130 130

Source: QGSO estimates, 2015; QGSO projections, 2016 to 2022

0

100

200

300

400

500

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Pers

ons

Non-resident workers on-shift Series A Series B

Estimated Projected

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Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 8

Table 5 Resource operations and future projects, Surat Basin

Category(a)

Project / operation name Company name LGA

Existing operations

A Arrow Energy Surat operations Arrow Energy Western Downs (R), Toowoomba (R)

A Cameby Downs mine Yancoal Australia Western Downs (R)

A Commodore mine Millmerran Power Partners Toowoomba (R)

A Kogan Creek mine CS Energy Western Downs (R)

A New Acland mine New Hope Group Toowoomba (R)

A Origin Energy Surat operations Origin Energy Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R)

A QGC Surat operations QGC (BG Group) Western Downs (R)

A Santos Surat operations Santos Ltd Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R)

A Kogan Creek Power Station CS Energy Western Downs (R)

Future projects

A APLNG gas fields expansion APLNG(b)

Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R)

A GLNG gas fields expansion Santos GLNG(c)

Maranoa (R)

A Wallumbilla Gas Treatment Facility Santos GLNG(c)

Maranoa (R)

A Kogan Creek Solar Boost CS Energy Western Downs (R)

A QCLNG gas fields expansion QGC (BG Group)(d)

Western Downs (R)

B Braemar 3 Power Station ERM Power Western Downs (R)

B Santos GLNG Gas Field Development Santos GLNG(c)

Maranoa (R), Western Downs (R), Central Highlands (R)

B New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Project New Hope Group Toowoomba (R)

E Arrow Surat Pipeline Arrow Energy Western Downs (R), Banana (S), Gladstone (R)

E Elimatta Coal New Hope Group Western Downs (R)

E Ironbark Project Origin Energy Western Downs (R)

E Surat Basin Rail Surat Basin Rail Western Downs (R), Banana (S)

E Surat Gas Project Arrow Energy Western Downs (R), Toowoomba (R)

E The Range Coal Stanmore Coal Western Downs (R)

E Toowoomba Second Range Crossing Nexus Infrastructure Toowoomba (R)

E Wandoan Coal Wandoan Joint Venture Western Downs (R)

(a) The three categories include existing operations and future projects, grouped according to their status in the EIS process as at March 2016. See methodology (page 2) and caveats (page 9) for further details. There are no Category C or Category D projects in the Surat Basin.

(b) Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) is a joint venture between Origin Energy, ConocoPhillips and Sinopec.

(c) Santos Gladstone LNG (GLNG) is a joint venture between Santos, PETRONAS, Total and KOGAS.

(d) BG Group's Australian business QGC Pty Limited is the operator and majority owner of the Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) project.

Source: QGSO, 2016

Queensland Government Statistician’s Office

Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 9

Caveats

QGSO’s non–resident population projections provide an estimate of the number of non–resident workers on-shift by LGA. They are based on the on-shift non–resident worker population estimates established in previous years and take into account future workforce growth arising from resource industry and infrastructure projects planned for the region, as reported directly by resource companies.

Projections are based on the best available data and advice at the time of preparation. Numbers of non–resident workers on-shift are projected for the period to 2022 only, as it is considered that the reliability of information regarding future projects diminishes considerably beyond that point. Projected numbers of non–resident workers on-shift presented in this report represent an estimate for 30 June of the indicated year. Temporary peaks and falls in project workforces may occur in between these mid-year estimates for successive years.

The four projection series represent a range of possible outcomes based on the status of projects in the EIS process at the time of production in March 2016 (see the projection methodology, page 2, for further details). These outcomes are subject to change over time as projects proceed through the approvals process. Projections reflect the cumulative impacts of multiple projects at a given point in time, and changes to any individual project will affect the projected cumulative outcome.

Category E comprises projects that have completed the approvals process but where FID has been delayed indefinitely; projects where it is not possible to give consideration to indicative workforce data or sequencing; and other projects that are dependent on the commencement of projects in this category. These projects could not be allocated to a projection series at the time of preparation. Changes in the status of these projects could substantially alter any or all of the possible outcomes represented by the four projection series.

The projections reflect certain assumptions about the likelihood of projects advancing according to advised commencement dates, sequencing of project stages and timing of workforce peaks. Changes to any of these factors can make a significant difference to the cumulative non-resident workforce at a given point in time, particularly during construction phases. Short-term influences such as extreme weather events, industrial action and supply chain delays can all result in changes to project scheduling and to these projections.

QGSO does not advocate any one series as being the most likely or favoured outcome and users should consider the

assumptions affecting each potential scenario. Given the volatile nature of the resource sector and the inherent uncertainty

about the likelihood of projects proceeding as indicated, these projections should be considered as being indicative of the

range of potential outcomes rather than literal accounts of future growth.

Notes

(R) – Regional Council (S) – Shire

Non-resident workers are people who fly-in/fly-out or drive-in/drive-out (FIFO/DIDO) to work and live in the area temporarily while rostered on, and who have their usual place of residence elsewhere. Non-resident workers include FIFO/DIDO mining and gas industry employees and contractors, construction workers and associated sub-contractors. Figures in this report refer to the number of non–resident workers on-shift, or present in the area at a given point in time, and should not be confused with total non–resident workforce numbers.

CSG/LNG pipeline and rail projects, and some gas field projects, will extend beyond the Surat Basin into neighbouring LGAs. Where this occurs, the population impacts of these projects are included in projections for the Bowen Basin and Gladstone (R) rather than the Surat Basin.

Data in this report are derived from surveys conducted by QGSO in 2015 and other sources. The Survey of Accommodation Providers counted the number of non–resident workers on-shift during the last week of June 2015. See the Surat Basin population report, 2015 http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/publications/surat-basin-pop-report/index.php for further details. The Resource Operations Employment Survey and the Resource Projects Employment Survey gathered workforce information from companies with existing operations or future projects in the Surat Basin at June 2015. A full list of existing operations and future projects is available in Table 5 of this report.

The total number of non–resident workers on-shift for the Surat Basin represents the aggregate non-resident populations of all LGAs in the region. This total may include a small number of non-resident workers in each LGA who live elsewhere within the Surat Basin.

Figures in tables have been rounded to the nearest 10. As a result of rounding, discrepancies may occur between sums of the component items and totals. Percentages and other calculations are made prior to rounding of figures and discrepancies might therefore exist between these calculations and those that could be derived from the rounded figures.

Data tables to supplement this report are available on-line at http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/tables/index.php.

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Surat Basin non–resident population projections, 2016 to 2022 10

References

APLNG (2015) Gas Stream, August 2015 http://www.aplng.com.au/sites/default/files/pdf/15/08/Gas_Stream_-_August_2015_-_Online_-_final.pdf

APLNG (2016) Gas Stream, February 2016 http://www.aplng.com.au/sites/default/files/pdf/16/02/APLNGGasStreamFebruary2016.pdf

APPEA (2015) Key Statistics http://www.appea.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/APPEA_Key-Stats15_web.pdf

BG Group (2015a) BG Group ships first LNG from QCLNG Train 2 in Australia, 13 July 2015 http://www.bg-group.com/~/tiles/?period=201512312400&periodend=201501010000&country=112&category=71&type=pressrelease&tiletype=pressrelease&id=799#opentile

BG Group (2015b) QGC development a vote of confidence in industry, 15 November 2015, http://www.bg-group.com/mediatileprint.asp?tiletype=pressrelease&id=831

Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) (2015) Ironbark Project (Withdrawn) http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/management/impact-assessment/eis-processes/ironbark_project.html

Department of State Development (DSD) (2015) Santos GLNG Gas Field Development Project, 4 December 2015 http://www.statedevelopment.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/santos-glng-gas-field-development-project.html

LNG World News (2016) Australia: Port of Gladstone hits LNG milestone, 28 January 2016 http://www.lngworldnews.com/australia-port-of-gladstone-hits-lng-milestone/

New Hope Group (2016) New Hope welcomes start of Land Court hearings, 7 March 2016 http://www.newhopegroup.com.au/news/2016/new-hope-welcomes-start-of-land-court-hearings

Royal Dutch Shell plc (2016) Scheme of Arrangement becomes effective, 15 February 2016 http://www.shell.com/investors/news-and-media-releases/recommended-cash-and-share-offer-for-bg-group-plc-by-royal-dutch-shell-plc.html

Santos GLNG (2015a) First cargo shipped from GLNG, 16 October 2015 http://www.santosglng.com/media-centre/media-releases/first-cargo-shipped-from-glng.aspx

Santos GLNG (2015b) Santos GLNG’s major gas compression facilities all operational, 5 June 2015 http://www.santosglng.com/media-centre/media-releases/santos-glng’s-major-gas-compression-facilities-all-operational.aspx