Support to the Warfighter:Support to the Warfighter:ISR Manned/Unmanned TeamingISR Manned/Unmanned Teaming

COL Kevin C. Peterson

Deputy Commander for Training

U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca

The ISR ChallengeThe ISR Challenge

• CSA training guidance for (BCTP) – Goal / Standard for S-2 thru G-2 in support of a

deliberate attack• 90% of locations, to targetable accuracy, of enemy

combat vehicles 24 hrs prior to the combat assault• Situational Awareness standard to enable Objective Force

operations –

• 85% knowledge of all militarily relevant objects / potential targets by 2010

• 99% by 2015

• Evolving standard for SA:

• NRT detection, acquisition, identification, prioritization and engagement of priority targets (360 degrees coverage) with a single hit/kill probability of 95%

Source: Annex C, Army Intelligence Transformation Campaign Plan

National Joint

FixedNSANSA-GordonNSA-MedinaNSA-Korea

Network

STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL FWD TACTICAL

WGS orCml Ku, Ka

ER/MP

DCGS-N

DCGS-MC

MEF

DCGS FoS

DCGS-AF

- Plan- Collect- Process-Produce

-Store

Theater Fixed (TIB/TIG – ROC TOC)

Analyze

Disseminate

Assess

274 Mb

CDL

20 M

b

Global Reach

Div

Div ACE

DCGS-A Sensor Control

Corps Mobile

ACSACS

Combat Info / IBS Broadcast

DCGS-A / Prophet Control

UA /BCTBCT

Disclaimer: icons are representative

PRD-13 Manpackable

DCGS-A Mobile/ Prophet Control

CDL

The ISR ConceptThe ISR Concept

CDL

Putting It All Together…Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingDecisive Operations - Tactical Shaping

Networked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor OpsNetworked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor Ops

III

XXX

XXOBJ

XXXOBJ

XXOBJ

XXOBJ

400 KM

ACS

ACSACS

Critical Tasks: Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems

Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders

350+ Km

Networked ACS / UAVS Multi Sensor Ops

Maximum BCT Sensor

Range

XX

II

I

Robotics

I

Robotics

BCTII

I

Robotics

I

Robotics

BCT

ACS wide area SIGINT &SAR/MTI detect, locate &track red forces moving east / south in Co / Bn size with Arty and ADA

TrackedVehicles

??Arty or ADA ??

1213

14 11 12

9

18

22

III

XXX

XXOBJ

XXXOBJ

XXOBJ

XXOBJ

400 KM

ACS

ACSACS

350+ Km12

13

14 11 12

9

18

22

6 -152MM SP arty w/ spt veh 6 SA6s

w/ spt veh

1213

11

9

18

12

UAV(s) vectored to targets utilizing ACS realtime sensor data, Identifiesunits / equipment. Target nominations passed directly to shooters

1422

T-80 Tanks

APCs

Putting It All Together…Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingDecisive Operations - Tactical Shaping

Networked ACS / UAVS Multi-Sensor OpsNetworked ACS / UAVS Multi-Sensor Ops

Maximum BCT Sensor

Range

XX

II

I

Robotics

I

Robotics

BCTII

I

Robotics

I

Robotics

BCT

Critical Tasks: Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems

Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders

ACS continues wide area surveillance of Div/Corps battle space

III

XXX

XXOBJ

XXXOBJ

XXOBJ

XXOBJ

400 KM

ACS

ACSACS

1213

14 11 12

9

18

22

1213

11

9

18

121422

ACS Continues Wide Area Surveillance of Corps/Div

Battle Space

ACS provides Artillery & Apaches real time location updates for moving targets and threat warning.UAV(s) laser designate individual targets

Putting It All Together…Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingDecisive Operations - Tactical Shaping

Networked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor OpsNetworked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor Ops

1213

912

13

9

I I

18

22

18

22

18

22

18

22

Critical Tasks: Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems

Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders

• The Intelligence BOS

Sensor presence everywhere on the battlefield -- anytime, anyplace, regardless of environment

• UAV and Manned Unmanned Teaming Greater sensor optical capabilities to enhance target detection/recognition and

identification; able to see thru environmental or man-made obscurants Enhanced data compression for AV/GCS/AV to aircraft links to speed Intel

product dissemination to the cockpit Enhanced processing for a quicker turn around of the Intel product Reduced Target Location Error (TLE) to increase targeting capability and ability

to attack from greater distances Automated (and aided) target detection and recognition Enhanced laser capabilities: range finding, target designation,

illumination/pointing

Distributed sensor control/data fusion, common display

Aided/automated sensor cross-cueing

Advanced sensor technologies (SIGINT, MASINT, CBRNE, support to assured mobility)

Training program that educates the Warfighter on UAVS and MUM capabilities

ISR Future Needs and RequirementsISR Future Needs and Requirements

Reliant on a robust communications network

Back-up ChartsBack-up Charts

See First…See First…The Future Force Sensor GridThe Future Force Sensor Grid

Interdependent, Multi-Echelon, Cross-BOSMultiple Sensor Multiple Sensor

Layers Required to Layers Required to Complete the Complete the

Common Operating Common Operating PicturePicture

Multiple Sensor Multiple Sensor Layers Required to Layers Required to

Complete the Complete the Common Operating Common Operating

PicturePicture

II

BCTII

Theater/Natio

nal (IBS/G

BS)

XX/XXX

RJ

U2R JSTARS

DCGS-A

Corps/Div

II

BCTII

Intelligence is the Product of the ISR Environment

Intelligence is the Product of the ISR Environment

Theater

Right Information…Right Time…at the Point of DecisionRight Information…Right Time…at the Point of DecisionRight Information…Right Time…at the Point of DecisionRight Information…Right Time…at the Point of Decision

ACS ACS

ACS

Meets Tactical Timeliness and

Accuracy Requirements

52

Manned vs. Unmanned PlatformsManned vs. Unmanned Platformsor...Why Not a Bigger UAV?or...Why Not a Bigger UAV?

SEC AF Challenge to Northrop Grumman:Provide Global Hawk Intelligence Collection “Parity” With the U-2

Issue: Global Hawk Payload Capacity = ½ the Capacity of the U-2Options: - Build 2 Global Hawk Fleets (SIGINT/IMINT) - Cost Prohibitive

- Build a Larger Global Hawk – Cost Prohibitive

Un

man

ned

Man

ned

Balkans NEAWX Condition

Clouds

Turbulence

Icing

Icing

Precipitation

Obscuration

RED

31%

51%

GreenYellow

Red

Acceptable flying conditions likely more than 50% of the yearDegraded conditions (not abort) likely more than 30% of the year

Abort conditions likely more than 50% of the year

RED

YELLOW

YELLOW

YELLOW

YELLOW

YELLOW

YELLOW

GREEN

GREEN

GREENGREEN

ProjectedGlobal HawkWith IMINT

Payloads >$48M

Cannot Replace Manned With

Unmanned Platforms

Manned Platform Advantages:Manned Platform Advantages:• Early Entry Self-Deployable• Payload Weight Capacity and Power

Requirements• Operating Altitude• No Weather Restrictions• Endurance• Most Cost Effective• Less Forward Footprint