SUPERVISORS - UNFCCC

SUPERVISORSMr. Tran Hong Ha, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Le Cong Thanh, Vice Minister of Natural Resources and Environment

MAIN CONTRIBUTORSTang The Cuong, Nguyen Khac Hieu, Pham Van Tan, Le Ngoc Tuan, Luong Quang

Huy, Nguyen Van Anh, Nguyen Hung Minh, Tran Thi Bich Ngoc, Tran Do Bao Trung,

Tran Ha Ninh.

CO-CONTRIBUTORSTran Ky Phuc, Hoang Van Tam, Le Thi Thu Thanh, Nguyen Ngoc Hung, Nguyen

Thanh Giang (MOIT); Pham Van Dien, Tran Hieu Minh, Le Hoang Anh, Nghiem

Phuong Thuy, Truong Tat Do (MARD); Luu Linh Huong (MOC); Vu Hai Luu (MOT);

Le Van Chinh (MOST); Nguyen Tran Minh (MPI); Do Luu Hoa (MOF); Nguyen Thi

Thu Trang (MOFA).

TECHNICAL EXPERTSBui Huy Phung, Nguyen Ngoc Hung, Nguyen Hoang Anh, Tran Hong Nguyen,

Nguyen Minh Bao, Hoang Tung (Energy); Vu Tan Phuong, Mai Van Trinh, Nguyen

Dinh Hung, Ha Quang Anh, Ly Viet Hung, Tran Thu Huyen (AFOLU, Waste);

Vuong Xuan Hoa, Pham Huy Dong (IPPU); Nguyen Khac Hieu, Nguyen Trung

Thang, Nguyen Mong Cuong, Nguyen Sy Linh, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen

Phuong Nam, Nguyen Thi Minh Hue (QA/QC, KCA); Dang Thi Hong Hanh,

Nguyen Hong Loan, Nguyen Tien Hai, Hoang Thi Nhung (Mitigation activities

and their effects); Luong Quang Huy, Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen Thi Le Huyen

(MRV and Other information).

INTERNATIONAL SUPPORTSGlobal Environment Facility (GEF)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

SilvaCarbon Programme

Colorado State University

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THIRD BIENNIAL UPDATED REPORTTO UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

CHAPTER 1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.1 National conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

1.1.1 Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

1.1.2 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

1.2 Socio-economic development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.2.1 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

1.2.2 Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

1.2.3 Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

1.3 Environmental protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

1.4 Updated climate change related policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.5 Institutional arrangements for development of periodical national reports to UNFCCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

CHAPTER 2. NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY FOR 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.1 Institutional arrangements for national GHG inventory . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.2 Methodology for national GHG inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.2.1 Methods for national GHG inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

2.2.2 Activity data and emission factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

2.2.3 Global warming potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

2.3 Results of national GHG inventory for 2016. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.3.1 Summary of national GHG inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

2.3.2 Results of national GHG inventory by sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.4 Quality Control and Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.4.1 Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

2.4.2 Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

2.5 Key emission/removal category analysis and uncertainty assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

2.5.1 Key emission/removal category analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

2.5.2 Uncertainty assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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2.6 Published national GHG inventory results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2.7 Recalculation of national GHG inventories for 2010 and 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

2.8 Comparing national GHG inventory results for 2010, 2014 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

CHAPTER 3. INFORMATION ON MITIGATION ACTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

3.2 GHG emission reduction related policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3.2.1 Updates on implementation outcomes of policies reported in BUR2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

3.2.2 Newly issued policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

3.3 Mitigation actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

3.3.1 Mitigation component of updated NDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

3.3.2 Update of outcomes of mitigation actions reported in BUR2 . . . . . 65

3.3.3 Newly implemented activities for reducing GHG emission . . . . . . 66

3.4 Market mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

3.4.1 CDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

3.4.2 JCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

3.4.3 Gold Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

3.4.4 VCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

CHAPTER 4. MRV FOR MITIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

4.1 Requirements for the establishment of MRV system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.2 General principles for establishment of MRV systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.3 Establishment of MRV system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.3.1 National MRV system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

4.3.2 Sectoral MRV system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

4.3.3 MRV system at entity level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

4.3.4 Plan for developing and completing MRV system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

CHAPTER 5. OTHER INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

5.1 Difficulties, gaps and directions for rectification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

5.1.1 Conducting GHG inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

5.1.2 Developing and implementing mitigation activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

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5.1.3 Technology transfer and application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

5.1.4 BUR3 development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

5.2 Demand for financial, technical, technological support and capacity building for mitigation activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5.2.1 Demand for international financial support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5.2.2 Demand for technical and technological support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

5.2.3 Demand for capacity building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5.3 Information on efforts to achieve UN goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5.3.1 Impact of mitigation activities on fulfilling SDGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5.3.2 Climate change and gender issues ...................................................................102

5.4 Information on received support .......................................................................103

5.4.1 Support received for BUR3 development ....................................................103

5.4.2 International support for climate change response activities .....104

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................105

ANNEXES .........................................................................................................................................................109

Annex 1 Results of Viet Nam’s GHG inventory for 2016 ....................................110

Annex 2 Results of uncertainties assessment of Viet Nam’s national GHG inventory for 2016 .......................................117

Annex 3 Information on GHG emission reduction activities and projects ..........................................................................................................................124

Annex 4 Updates on climate change response projects in Viet Nam from 2017 to present ....................................................................................................159

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Table 1.1. The population structure of Viet Nam [2] 25

Table 1.2. GDP at the current price by economic sector [2,7] 26

Table 1.3. GNI at current prices [2,7] 26

Table 1.4. Number of primary energy sources by type in the period of 2014-2018 [3-7] 27

Table 1.5. Total energy consumption in the period of 2016-2018 [3-7] 27

Table 1.6. Planted area and production of cereals in Viet Nam [2,7] 28

Table 1.7. Area of forest in Viet Nam [2,7] 28

Table 1.8. Some key social indicators achieved [2,7] 29

Table 2.1. Methods and data sources used in national GHG inventory for 2016 36

Table 2.2. The GWP values of GHGs are applied to the 2016 GHG national inventory and recalculated for 2010 and 2014 [14] 38

Table 2.3. GHG emissions/removals in 2016 38

Table 2.4. GHG emissions in the energy sector in 2016 39

Table 2.5. GHG emissions of the IPPU sector in 2016 40

Table 2.6. GHG emissions/removals of the AFOLU sector in 2016 42

Table 2.7. GHG emissions of waste sector in 2016 43

Table 2.8. QC results for 2016 national GHG inventory 44

Table 2.9. Key emission/removal categories in 2016 46

Table 2.10. Statistics on number of key GHG emission sources/sinks in 2016 48

Table 2.11. Results of uncertainty assessments for the 2016 national GHG inventory 49

Table 2.12. Published GHG emissions/removals of Viet Nam [15-19] 49

Table 2.13. The recalculation of GHG emissions/removals for 2010 [15] 50

Table 2.14. The recalculation of GHG emissions/removals for 2014 [16] 51

Table 2.15. The national GHG inventory results for 2010, 2014 and 2016 52

Table 3.1. Contributions to GHG emission reduction by sector [18] 65

Table 3.2. Number of I-RECs achieved by Viet Nam year after year 71

LIST OF TABLES

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Table 4.1. Projects and programmes related to MRV systems at the sectoral/local level 79

Table 5.1. Evaluating activities and solutions to overcome difficulties and gaps encountered in national GHG inventory 84

Table 5.2. Evaluation of activities to overcome difficulties and gaps encountered in developing and implementing mitigation actions 86

Table 5.3. Evaluation of activities to overcome difficulties and gaps encountered in technology transfer and application 89

Table 5.4. Evaluation of activities to overcome difficulties and gaps encountered in BUR3 development 90

Table 5.5. Demand for international financial for NDC undertaking until 2030 by sector [18] 95

Table 5.6. Demand for technical support to realise mitigation targets in updated NDC until 2030 [18] 96

Table 5.7. Need for technological support to realise mitigation target in updated NDC until 2030 98

Table 5.8. Demand for capacity building to realise mitigation targets in updated NDC until 2030 [18] 101

Table 5.9. Support received for development of BUR3 103

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Figure 1.1. Amount of solid waste collected and treated [7] 30

Figure 2.1. Institutional arrangements of national GHG 34

Figure 2.2. Ratio of GHG emissions by sector in 2016 39

Figure 2.3. Ratio of 2016 GHG emissions of the energy sector 40

Figure 2.4. Ratio of GHG emissions of the IPPU sector in 2016 41

Figure 2.5. GHG emissions/removals of the AFOLU sector in 2016 42

Figure 2.6. Ratio GHG emissions of waste sector in 2016 44

Figure 2.7. Viet Nam’s published GHG inventory results 50

Figure 2.8. Comparing results of national GHG inventories for 2010*, 2014* and 2016 52

Figure 3.1. CDM project types registered by sectors 69

Figure 3.2. CERs issued by sector 69

Figure 3.3. Projects successfully registered under GS in Viet Nam by sector 70

Figure 4.1. Proposed organisational chart of the MRV system 78

LIST OF FIGURES

* Recalculative result

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AFD Agence Française de Développement

AFOLU Agriculture, forestry and other land use

AUD Australian dollar

AusAID Australian Agency for International Development

BAU Business as usual

BUR Biennial Updated Report

BUR1 The Initial Biennial Updated Report

BUR2 The Second Biennial Updated Report

CER Certified Emission Reduction

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CIDA Canadian International Development Agency

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent

DTU Danish Technical University

EB Executive Board of CDM

EUR Euro

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FNC The Fourth National Communication

GEF Global Environment Facility

GDP Gross domestic product

GHG Greenhouse gas

GNI Gross national income

GSO General Statistic Office

GWP Global warming potential

HDI Human development index

IE Included elsewhere

IIP Index of industrial production

INC The Initial National Communication

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ISPONRE Institute of Strategy, Policy on Natural Resources and Environment

ABBREVIATIONS

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JCM Joint Crediting Mechanism

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

KP Kyoto Protocol

LEAP Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning

LPG Liquefied petroleum gas

LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry

MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MOC Ministry of Construction

MOF Ministry of Finance

MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MOIT Ministry of Industry and Trade

MOST Ministry of Science and Technology

MOT Ministry of Transport

MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment

MRV Measurement, Reporting and Verification

NA Not applicable

NAMA Nationally appropriate mitigation action

NC National Communication

NDC Nationally determined contribution

NE Not estimated

NO Not occurring

ODA Official development assistance

PA Paris Agreement

PoA Programme of activity

QA Quality assurance

QC Quality control

REC Renewable energy certificate

REDD+ Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation as well as conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks

SNC The Second National Communication

SP-RCC Support programme to respond to climate change

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TNC The Third National Communication

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USD United States dollar

VCS Verified carbon standard

VND Viet Nam dong

WB World Bank

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CH4 Methane

CO Carbon monoxide

CO2 Carbon dioxide

HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons

NMVOCs Non-methane volatile organic compounds

NOx Oxides of nitrogen

N2O Nitrous oxide

NH3 Ammonia

PFCs Perfluorocarbons

SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride

CHEMICAL FOMULAR

UNIT

0C Degree Celsius

kg Kilogramme

cm Centimetre

m Metre

km Kilometre

m2 Square metre

km2 Square kilometre

m3 Cubic meter

ha Hectare

t Tonne

kt Thousand tonnes

Mt Million tonnes

tCO2 Tonne of carbon dioxide

tCO2e Tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent

TOE Tonne of oil equivalent

KTOE Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

kW Kilowatt

MW Megawatt

kWh Kilowatt per hour

MWh Megawatt per hour

TJ Tera-joule

GJ Giga-joule

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In pursuance of Decision No.2/CP.17 dated March 15, 2017 of the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), as the Viet Nam national focal point to implement the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and the Paris Agreement, prepared the Third Biennial Updated Report (BUR3) to the UNFCCC in coordination with relevant ministries and agencies.

BUR3 of Viet Nam, prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC guidance, includes five chapters presenting updates on the national context; greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory; mitigation actions and their effects; measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) for mitigation; difficulties, gaps and needs for financial, technical, technology supports in implementing mitigation actions and other information to achieve the UNFCCC objectives. In addition, the 2016 national GHG inventory technical report; the report on GHG emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation, carbon removals from enhanced forest carbon stocks in Viet Nam during the period of 2014-2018 were also prepared and will be submitted to the UNFCCC together with BUR3.

The completion of BUR3 to the UNFCCC Secretariat has affirmed that Viet Nam has always fulfilled its commitments as a Party to the UNFCCC despite being one of the developing countries severly affected by climate change and having limited resources. It has also demonstrated the determination of the Government of Viet Nam to respond to climate change and to actively join hand with the international community to achieve objectives of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, especially in the challenging context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

I would like to express my appreciations to relevant ministries, sectors, localities, organisations for their effective cooperation; Vietnamese and international experts and scientists for the valuable contributions; international organisations, particularly the Global Environment Facility (GEF), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for their financial support in the preparation of the Report.

I hope that BUR3 will provide a supporting tool for the policy-making and state management on climate change responses, as well as an useful reference for research and information dissemination./.

Dr. Tran Hong HaMinister of Natural Resources and Environment

Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

FOREWORD

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The Viet Nam BUR3 was developed in 2020 using the 2016 inventory year. Making the highest efforts, Viet Nam has completed its BUR3 with significant improvements in comparison to its previous reports. In BUR3, the 2006 and 2019 refinements to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories were applied. This is the preparation for carrying out the requirement on developing and submitting the Biennial Transparency Reports (BTR) from 2024.

The Report, prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC guidelines for the non-Annex I Parties to the Convention, includes five chapters:

1. National circumstances;

2. National GHG inventory for 2016;

3. Information on mitigation actions and their effects;

4. MRV for mitigation; and

5. Other information.

Information in each chapter summarised below highlights the national circumstances and efforts to respond to climate change with updates since Viet Nam submitted its BUR2 and TNC to the UNFCCC.

ES 1. National circumstances

Viet Nam is a country in Southeast Asia, bounded by the waters of the Pacific ocean, with a total land area of 331,235.97 km2 and a coastline of 3,260km, including internal waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf defined under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and two archipelagoes namely Hoang Sa (Paracel) of Da Nang city and Truong Sa (Spratly) of Khanh Hoa province as well as thousands of large and small, onshore and offshore alike islands.

Viet Nam has a tropical monsoon climate. Due to its long territorial stretch in latitudes and diverse topography, Viet Nam witnesses significant climatic differences among the regions across the country.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

17


Over the past years, Viet Nam has carried out socio-economic development tasks under both favourable and unfavourable, challenging context, internationally and domestically. Climate change, extreme weather and natural disasters have become increasingly complicated, unpredictable, have providing negative impacts on production and social life. Particularly, since the beginning of 2020 the Covid-19 pandemic has broken out globally, having seriously affected the world and the Vietnamese economy. Natural resources management, environmental protection and climate change responses have been strengthened with significant changes. Laws and policies on environmental protection and climate change responses continue to be revised and updated. Since the submission of its BUR2 to the UNFCCC, Viet Nam has developed and issued important policies on climate change responses at the national level, such as the Conclusion of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Viet Nam on the further implementation of the Resolution on proactively responding to climate change, enhancing natural resource management and environmental protection approved by the 11th Central Party Committee at its seventh session (2019); the Resolution of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Viet Nam on the direction of Viet Nam’s energy development strategy to 2030 with a vision to 2045 (2020); the National action plan on climate change adaptation for the period of 2021-2030 with vision to 2050 (2020); the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection with a Chapter on climate change responses. In terms of the sustainable development index, Viet Nam moved to 49th among 166 countries and territories in 2020, up by 39 ranks compared to 2016.

Regarding population, Viet Nam had the average annual population growth rate of about 1.12% in the period of 2014-2018 and the male-to-female ratio of 1/1.01. Rural areas had the distribution of population nearly twice as high as urban areas.

In the period of 2014-2018, the economy continued to grow steadily and evenly for all economic sectors. GDP growth rate in the period of 2016-2019 was relatively high, at about 6.8% per year. The scale of GDP continued expanding and reached VND 5,542,332 billion (about USD 266.5 billion) in 2018, to which the service sector contributed the most. Viet Nam has gradually renewed its growth model as well as improved growth quality in the direction of increasing efficient use of resources. Quality-based growth has become one of the Party and State’s major policies.

Regarding industrial manufacturing, the proportion of processing and manufacturing industries in the industrial structure increased sharply. Agriculture remains one of the key economic sectors, contributing 18% to GDP. The development of hi-tech, clean and organic agriculture has been focused; many hi-tech agricultural product and food processing factories have come into operation. Agricultural cooperative economy and enterprises have witnessed a strong development. Paddy rice still plays a key role among food crops and had an output of 44,046 thousand tonnes in 2018. Forest cover reached 41.7% in 2018 and 41.9% in 2019.

Regarding energy consumption, Viet Nam’s total energy consumption increased from 52,248 kTOE in 2016 to 62,206 kTOE in 2018, of which a large increase went to the coal and electricity consumption.

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MONRE is assigned by the Government to as the Viet Nam national focal point for the implementation of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and other climate-related international commitments, including the preparation of periodical national reports to the UNFCCC.

ES 2. National GHG inventory for 2016

The national GHG inventory for 2016 has marked an important step toward in enhancing transparency and gradually met the requirements of the enhanced transparency framework (ETF). It was conducted with the national GHG inventory system specified under the Prime Minister’s Decision No.2359/2015/QD-TTg dated December 22, 2015.

The national GHG inventory for 2016 applied such IPCC guidelines as the 2006 Guidelines for national GHG inventories and the 2019 refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for national GHG inventories. Potential for global warming for 100 years according to the AR5 of the IPCC was also used. The national GHG inventories was implemented in the following sectors: energy; industrial processes and product use (IPPU); agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) and waste. In order to meet the criteria of transparency, accuracy, consistency, comparability and completeness of national GHG inventories, the emissions and removals for the years of 2010 and 2014 were recalculated in accordance with the 2006 Guidelines and the 2019 Refinements to the 2006 Guidelines.

Total net GHG emissions in 2016 were 316,734.96 ktCO2e. Of which, 205,832.20 ktCO2e came from the energy sector, accounting for the largest proportion of 65%. It was followed by the IPPU sector, 46,094.64 ktCO2e, or 14.6%. The AFOLU sector had net emissions of 44,069.74 ktCO2e, after removing -39,491.24 ktCO2e by soil absorption, becoming the third largest emitting sector, accounting for 13.9%. The smallest share went to the waste sector, 20,738.38 ktCO2e, accounting for only 6.5%.

The key category analysis for 2016 showed 42 sources contributed up to 95% of total national net emissions. Among 158 emission sources/sinks calculated, fuel combustion for electricity generation (1A1ai) was rated as the largest source, accounting for 20.6%. CO2 emissions accounted for the largest proportion, about 60.5%, followed by CH4, 33.7%.

Table A. GHG emissions/removals in 2016

IPCC code Sector

CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs Total Percentage

%ktCO2e

Total net emissions 191,651.08 106,838.29 18,222.26 23.32 316,734.96 100

1 Energy 182,291.22 22,345.35 1,195.63 205,832.20 65.0

2 IPPU 46,047.20 24.12 23.32 46,094.64 14.6

3 AFOLU -37,489.34 66,544.64 15,014.44 44,069.74 13.9

4 Waste 802.00 17,948.30 1,988.07 20,738.38 6.5

Note: Negative value (-) shows GHG absorption of sink.

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The uncertainty of the national GHG inventory was 5.6% in the energy sector, 26.9% in the IPPU sector, 100.2% in the AFOLU sector and 20.3% in the waste sector, respectively.

The recalculation of GHG emissions/removals for the years of 2010 and 2014 has also been made consistently according to the 2006 Guidelines and 2019 Refinements to ensure five principles of transparency, accuracy, consistency, comparability and completeness for national GHG inventories. The total net emissions recalculated for the years of 2010 and 2014 were 264,210.67 ktCO2e, 7% up and 278,659.70 ktCO2e, 1.9% down, respectively, compared to the previous calculations.

Comparing the results of the national GHG inventory for 2016 and the recalculated results for the 2010 and 2014 national GHG inventories shows that net emissions of 2016 up by 13.7%, equivalent to 38,075.26 ktCO2e, against 2014 and 19.9%, equivalent to 52,524.29 ktCO2e, against 2010.

ES 3. Information of mitigation actions and their effects

During the past period, Viet Nam has promulgated and implemented many important policies related to climate change responses at all levels. Viet Nam has completed and submitted its updated nationally determined contribution (NDC) to the UNFCCC Secretariat on September 11, 2020. The completion of the updated NDC has been highly appreciated by the UNFCCC Secretariat in such complicated and challenging context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, Viet Nam has increased its climate change response contributions. Accordingly, by 2030, Viet Nam, with its domestic resources, will have reduced its total GHG emissions by 9% compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario. This contribution can be increased to 27% when the nation can receive international support through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and implementation of the new mechanisms under the Paris Agreement.

This Chapter is intended to update outcomes of the implementation of GHG emission reduction policies and activities in BUR2, as well as provide information on recently-promulgated policies at the national, sectoral, and local levels; new GHG emission reduction activities; overall assessments of the co-beneficial impacts of GHG emission reduction activities; and updates on market mechanisms.

Prominent outcomes can be seen from the major policies reported in BUR2. Many objectives of the National strategy on climate change have been achieved, spanning in such important sectors as energy, construction, transport, industrial production, agriculture and waste management. In the framework of the National green growth strategy, many important policies have been promulgated to promote the development of renewable energy (RE), improve energy efficiency, and reduce GHG emissions intensity in the key sectors of energy, construction, transport and industrial production. In addition, two major national programmes, namely the Target programme for climate change response and green growth for the period of 2016-2020, and the 2030 Sustainable development agenda, have also been implemented synchronously in most of the provinces and centrally-run cities.

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Along with national policies, sectoral policies have also been actively and effectively implemented, specifically in the following sectors:

In the energy sector, the implementation of the Viet Nam RE development strategy by 2030 with a vision to 2050 has reached and exceeded the development targets for RE with solar power (4,696MW), wind power (377MW), biomass power (325MW) and small-sized hydropower (3,647MW).

In the construction sector, the Action plan on GHG emission reduction in the cement industry by 2020 with a vision to 2030 was approved and 24 of 59 urban areas have promulgated documents to direct and implement the development of green growth urban areas.

In the transport sector, E5 gasoline consumption has increased and accounted for about 40% of the total gasoline consumption. Viet Nam has also applied a tax policy based on engine capacity and fuel use, and incentives of lowering tax on electric vehicles.

In the agriculture sector, three important laws, including the Law on Irrigation, Law on Fisheries, and Law on Forestry, have been enacted within the framework of the Green growth action plan of the agriculture and rural development sector by 2020; the system of rice intensification (SRI) has been implemented in 29 provinces with a total cultivated area of 394,894 ha.

At the local level, mitigation actions have been implemented in several main forms such as participating in regional/national GHG emission reduction projects, implementing small-scale local pilots and performing investments for public and private projects.

The implementation of GHG emission reduction actions and projects also creates co-benefits and brings certain benefits to the process of climate change adaptation and the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Regarding market mechanisms, by December 2020, Viet Nam has achieved: (i) 271 successfully registered Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects; ranked fourth in the world in the number of registered projects with a total of 25,485,098 CERs issued; (ii) 14 successfully registered Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) projects, eight of which have been issued with 4,415 CERs; (iii) 24 successfully registered gold standard projects, 11 of which have been issued with 4,909,354 CERs; (iv) 22 projects registered under the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) with a total of 629,934 CERs issued; (v) 51 successfully registered projects under the RE certificate mechanisms with a total of 2,199,751 CERs issued.

ES 4. Measurement, reporting and verification for mitigation

To meet the UNFCCC requirements for implementing the updated NDC in the 2021-2030 period, it is necessary to promulgate regulations on the national MRV system for mitigation actions to ensure transparency, accuracy, and consistency; apply the latest IPCC guidelines for GHG emission reduction actions, reflecting Viet Nam’s effort in response to global climate change.

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Viet Nam, so far, has yet to promulgate any legal documents defining responsibilities of ministries, sectors, localities, organisations, and individuals for monitoring GHG emission reduction actions to achieve targets and international commitments set by the Government. The MRV system for GHG emission reduction activities will have positive impacts on the GHG emitters, providing incentives for new investments in both climate change mitigation and adaptation activities.

Implementing the Decision No.2053/QD-TTg dated October 28, 2016 by the Prime Minister, which promulgates the Plan for the implementation of the Paris Agreement, MONRE has taken lead and coordinated with relevant ministries, sectors, and agencies to draft the Prime Minister’s Decision on the national MRV system for GHG emission reduction actions. The draft Decision specifies tasks, roles and responsibilities of ministries, sectors, and localities in order to ensure that GHG emission reductions will be recognised internationally; the current lack of consistency, connectivity, integration and alignment in goals and mitigation actions will be addressed; and the accuracy, transparency in responsibilities and overall interests of the country will be ensured. The implementation will enhance the accuracy of the GHG inventory, which serves as the basis to determine GHG emission quotas and create a foundation for the domestic carbon market in accordance with the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection.

At the sectoral and local levels, MONRE has collaborated with ministries, sectors, and localities, especially the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT), the Ministry of Construction (MOC), the Ministry of Transport (MOT) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to develop and implement a number of projects and programmes related to the MRV system at all levels.

At the entity level, according to the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection, the Prime Minister will issue a list of sectors and entities required to conduct GHG inventories. These entities shall conduct GHG inventories and report results to relevant agencies every two years. This is considered as a strong commitment of Viet Nam towards more effective GHG emission reduction activities.

The operation of the MRV system at all levels will be specified in sub-law documents such as decrees, the Prime Minister’s decisions, circulars and technical guidelines issued by relevant state management agencies. After defining the responsibilities and functions of state management agencies, the MRV system will be developed into an online system, applying information technology and digital transformation to ensure its transparency and timeliness. The legal corridor for the MRV system will be completed in the coming time, in line with the socio-economic development strategies and conditions of the country as well as specific sectors and fields.

The MRV system is closely related to the national GHG inventory system, which was issued by the Prime Minister under the Decision No.2359/2015/QD-TTg dated December 22, 2015. According to the plan, the national GHG inventory system will be completed together with the MRV system at all levels in 2021.

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ES 5. Other Information

This Chapter presents information on the assessment of difficulties, gaps, and status of rectification in the national GHG inventory, the development and implementation of mitigation actions, the transfer and application of technologies, and the development of BUR3; and the demand for financial, technical, technological and capacity-building support for mitigation actions; received assistance and national efforts to achieve the SDGs.

Difficulties and gaps mentioned in previous reports have been partially addressed. Some of the currently identified difficulties and gaps are related to the application of the 2006 Guidelines, the establishment of continuous data for time series on GHG inventories, impact and quantitative assessments of GHG emission reductions of mitigation actions, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic... On that basis, a number of solutions have also been proposed to gradually address the difficulties and gaps.

The demand for international financial support to achieve mitigation targets identified in the updated NDC towards 2030 for the five sectors of energy, agriculture, land use, and land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), waste, and industrial processes (IP) is about USD 44,129.9 million with expected emission reductions of about 166.8 MtCO2e.

Regarding the received support, so far, the Green Climate Fund (GGF) has funded Viet Nam over USD 146 million for three projects with USD 20.26 million disbursed. GEF has funded over USD 400 million to implement climate change response projects. Multilateral organisations such as the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and financial institutions such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB) have committed or have disbursed funds, mainly in the form of soft loans.

BUR3 was prepared in the 2019-2020 period with financial support from GEF via UNEP and technical assistance from a number of international organisations.

CHAPTER 1NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES

1.1. National conditions

1.2. Socio-economic development

1.3. Environmental protection

1.4. Updated climate change related policies

1.5. Institutional arrangements for development of periodical national reports to UNFCCC

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Chapter 1. National circumstances

1.1 National conditions

1.1.1. Geography

Viet Nam is Southeast Asia country, situated between latitudes 8o27’ to 23o23’N and longtitudes 102o08’ to 109o30’E. Viet Nam, seen as an S-shaped strip of land on the map with a total length of 1,650 km from north to south, covers a total area of 331,235.97km2 [1]; the widest inland part is 500km and the narrowest, about 50km. Three quarters of the country’s topography are covered by mountains from 100 to 1000m high and the remaining, by flat deltas. Two largest deltas include the Mekong River Delta with total area of 40,000km2 in the South and the Red River Delta with an area of 15,000 km2 in the North.

Viet Nam has a coastline of 3,260 kilometres and a long internal waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf defined under the UNCLOS 1982 and two archipelagoes, namely Hoang Sa (Paracel) of Da Nang city and Truong Sa (Spratly) of Khanh Hoa province as well as thousands of large and small islands.

1.1.2. Climate

Viet Nam has a tropical monsoon climate. Due to its long territorial stretch in latitudes and diverse topography, Viet Nam witnesses significant climatic differences among the regions across the country. The lowest temperature fluctuates between 10oC and 16oC in the northern mountainous region and from 20oC to 24oC in the southern regions. In summer, average temperature ranges between 25oC and 30oC. The annual average rainfall varies sharply among regions, ranging around 600mm and 5,000mm and most commonly around 1,400mm and 2,400mm. About 80-90% of total rainfall accumulates in the rainy season. Annual rainy days last from 60 to 200 days and also are different among regions. The annual average relative humidity is about 80-85%. Total average annual sunshine hours are about 1,700-2,500 hours.

The mainland is divided into seven climatic regions, including the Northwest, the Northeast, the Red River Delta, northern Central, southern Central, the Central Highlands and the South. The Northwest has the lowest average temperature, approximately from 16.1oC to 23.2oC while the South has the highest and constantly high all over the year, commonly between 25.2oC and 27.6oC. In the period of 1958-2018, the average temperatures among all climatic regions tended to have increased with the Central Highlands having the sharpest

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increase of about 0.18oC per decade. The Northeast, norther Central, southern Central (the most), the Central Highlands and the South regions saw an annual rainfall increase whereas the two remaining regions witnessed a decline. On average, water levels at Viet Nam’s coastal stations tended to have increased for 2.74mm/year.

In the period of 1961 to 2018, total number of tropical storms and depressions directly impacting Viet Nam decreased by 0.3 storms per decade. Total of heavy rainy days went up in the Northeast, northern Central, southern Central, and the Central Highlands regions, among which southern Central witness the highest increase of 1.6 days per decade. The number of hot sunny days increased in most regions, except for the Central Highlands, among which northern Central had highest increase of 3,43 days per decade. Over the past years, hails have occurred in many localities, some of which especially caused serious damage. Days of extreme cold weather tends to have declined. However, the exceptional freezing cold days in the beginning of 2016 have been recognised coldest in 100 years with the lowest temperature recorded by meteorological stations, such as: -1oC in Tam Dao (Vinh Phuc); -4.2oC at Sapa, Lao Cai; -5oC at Mau Son, Lao Cai on Jan 24, 2016 and -4.3 oC at Pha Din, Dien Bien on Jan 25, 2016.

1.2. Socio-economic development 1.2.1. Population

The characteristics of Viet Nam’s population in the period of 2014-2018 are described in Table 1.1. The population growth rate remained steady; the population structure by gender remained almost unchanged in the period with male population lower than female.

Table 1.1. The population structure of Viet Nam [2]

YearPopulation (thousand)

Population growth

rate(%)

Gender(%)

Residence (%)

Male Female Urban Rural

2014 91,203.8 1.12 49.57 50.43 33.19 66.81

2015 92,228.6 1.12 49.61 50.39 33.48 66.52

2016 93,250.7 1.11 49.65 50.35 33.67 66.33

2017 94,286.0 1.11 49.69 50.31 33.86 66.14

2018 95,358.2 1.17 49.72 50.28 34.22 65.78

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1.2.2. Economy

Viet Nam witnessed a continuously steady and even economic growth among sectors in the period of 2014-2018. GDP growth for each economic sector from 2014 to 2018 is depicted in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2. GDP at the current price by economic sector [2,7]

Unit: billion VND

Year Total

Of which

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing

Industry and construction

ServiceProducts taxes less product

subsidies

2014 3,937.856 696,969 1,307.935 1,537.197 395,755

2015 4,192.862 712,460 1,394.130 1,665.962 420,310

2016 4,502.733 734,830 1,473.071 1,842.729 452,103

2017 5,005.975 768,161 1,671.952 2,065.488 500,374

2018 5,542.332 813,724 1,897.272 2,278.892 552,444

The gross national income (GNI) at the current price for the 2014-2018 period is illustrated in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3. GNI at current prices [2,7]

Unit: billion VND

Year GDP GNINet income from

abroadGPI over GDP (%)

2014 3,937.856 3,750.823 -187,033 95.25

2015 4,192.862 3,977.609 -215,253 94.87

2016 4,502.733 4,314.321 -188,412 95.82

2017 5,005.975 4,651.399 -354,576 92.92

2018 5,542.332 5,198.567 -343,765 93.80

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Viet Nam will become more energy-dependent in the context of climate change. The fluctuation of energy sources, especially the primary, will affect the national energy security. Types of primary energy sources and total energy consumption are demonstrated in Table 1.4 and 1.5.

Table 1.4. Number of primary energy sources by type in the period of 2014-2018 [3-7]

Unit: KTOE

Type of energy

Year

CoalCrude

oilTotal oil products

Natural gas

Non-commercial

fuelElectricity Total

2014 19,957 6,345 9,453 9,124 12,745 4,665 58,023

2015 24,608 9,756 9,784 8,223 11,925 4,963 70,588

2016 25,595 8,182 11,413 9,351 6,823 5,613 66,978

2017 28,368 6,232 13,531 8,901 7,924 7,733 72,688

2018 37,791 11,962 9,895 9,009 7,752 7,365 83,774

Table 1.5. Total energy consumption in the period of 2016-2018 [3-7]

Unit: KTOE

Type of energy

YearCoal

Total oil products

Natural gas

Non-commercial

fuelElectricity Total

2014 11,457 15,592 1,458 12,696 11,045 52,248

2015 11,409 16,976 1,491 11,866 12,338 54,080

2016 8,613 19,609 1,425 5,300 13,718 48,665

2017 14,946 20,941 1,044 7,892 14,859 59,681

2018 15,224 21,974 1,056 7,700 16,251 62,206

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Agriculture remains one of the most important economic sectors, accounting for 18% of total domestic gross production. The area and production of crops in the period of 2014-2018 are presented in Table 1.6.

Table 1.6. Planted area and production of cereals in Viet Nam [2,7]

YearArea (thousand ha) Production (kt)

Paddy Maize Paddy Maize

2014 7,816.2 1,179.0 44,974.6 5,202.3

2015 7,828.0 1,178.9 45,091.0 5,287.2

2016 7,737.1 1,152.7 43,165.1 5,246.5

2017 7,705.2 1,099.5 42,738.9 5,109.6

2018 7,570.9 1,032.9 44,046.0 4,874.1

The forest status in Viet Nam in the period of 2014-2018 is shown in Table 1.7.

Table 1.7. Area of forest in Viet Nam [2,7]Unit: thousand ha

Year Total areaForest Percentage of

coverage (%)Plantation

2014 13,796.5 10,100.2 3,696.3 40.4

2015 14,061.9 10,175.5 3,886.4 40.8

2016 14,377.7 10,242.1 4,135.5 41.2

2017* 14,415.4 10,236.4 4,179.0 41.5

2018 14,191.3 10,255.5 4,235.8 41.7

1.2.3. Society

In the 2014-2018 period, the unemployment rate of the labor force in rural area tended to have increased whereas in urban regions, it decreased gradually. Labourers in rural areas mostly work in the agriculture sector and have been suffered from extreme weather conditions. Some of the key social indicators are shown in Table 1.8.

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Table 1.8. Some key social indicators achieved [2,7]

IndicatorYear

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Unemployment rate of working-age labour force in urban areas (%)

3.40 3.56 3.21 3.17 3.10

Unemployment rate of working-age labour force in rural areas (%)

1.49 1.90 1.84 1.77 1.74

Poverty rate (%) - - 9.2 7.9 6.8

Literacy rate of people aged 15 and above (%) 94.7 94.9 95.0 95.1 94.8

Life expectancy at birth (year) 73.2 73.3 73.4 73.5 73.5

Percentage of households using safe water (%) 93.0 - 93.4 - 95.7

Percentage of households using electricity (%) 98.3 - 98.8 - 99.0

1.3. Environmental protection

Over the past years, despite many difficulties, the balance of state budget expenditures for environmental protection has always been prioritised over other expenditures in compliance with the country’s regulations and increased annually in absolute numbers. The minimum annual allocation for environmental protection activities is always no less than 1% of total state budget expenditures as stipulated under the Prime Minister’s Decision No.34/2005/ QD-TTg dated February 22, 2005 on approval of the Government’s Action plan to implement the Politburo Resolution No.41-NQ/TW on environmental protection in the period of accelerating national industrialisation and modernisation. Specifically, the allocations (including foreign capital) are as follows: VND 18,392 billion (central budget: 2,100 billion, local budget: 16,292 billion, equivalent to 1.2% of total state budget expenditures) for 2018; VND 20,442 billion (central budget: 2,290 billion, local budget: 18,152 billion or 1.25% of total state budget expenditures) for 2019.

Environmental protection has been strengthened, especially in waste collection and treatment. Specifically, the total amount of solid waste collected and treated meeting appropriate technical requirements increased swiftly in the period of 2014-2018 (see Figure 1.1).

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Million tonnes

31.6

23.9

2014

32.42

24.32

2015

33.17

24.07

2016

37.81

31.62

2017

40.46

34.13

2018

40.00

45.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

Collected TreatedFigure 1.1. Amount of solid waste collected and treated [7].

Viet Nam, currently, has still been facing water pollution and scarcity, especially in industrial production and urban areas. Sources of wastewater have got more complicated and increased in amount, thus having posing significant challenges for management activities.

Viet Nam is now preparing the National Strategy on environmental protection to 2030 with vision to 2050, aiming at preventing the increase of environmental pollution and degradation; further improving the quality of the habitats; stopping biodiversity losses; building capability of responding to climate change; ensuring environment security as well as developing a green, circular and low-carbon economy and lastly striving for the national SDGs in 2030.

1.4. Updated climate change related policies

Since submitting its BUR2, Viet Nam has issued following policies, programmes and plans to respond to climate change:

- The Conclusion No.56-KL/TW dated August 23, 2019 of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Viet Nam on the further implementation of the Resolution on proactively responding to climate change, enhancing natural resource management and environmental protection. Under the Conclusion, specific groups of tasks and solutions have been set to be implemented, including: (i) raising awareness on and responsibility for proactively preventing and combating natural disasters, responding to climate change, and strengthening resource management and environmental protection; (ii) completing the legal system, mechanisms and policies on climate change responses, natural resource management and environment protection; and (iii) building capacity and effectiveness of inspection, examination, and handling of violations as well as proposing urgent tasks.

- The Resolution No.55/NQ-TW dated February 11, 2020 of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Viet Nam on the direction of Viet Nam’s energy development strategy to 2030 with

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a vision to 2045. The Resolution focused on prioritizing exploitation and complete efficient use of renewable energy sources, new energy and clean energy.

- The Resolution No.64/NQ-CP dated September 4, 2019 of the Government on approving the Kigali Amendment and Supplement under the Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances.

- The Law on Environmental Protection No.72/2020/QH14 adopted by the National Assembly on November 17, 2020. The law has 16 chapters with 171 articles and takes effects on January 1, 2022. Climate change response contents are specified in Chapter VII, including regulations on climate change adaptation and mitigation; ozone layer protection; climate change response integration into strategies and projects; national climate change database development; national report preparation on response to climate change as well as implemention of international commitments on climate change and ozone layer protection, among which the updated NDC submitted to the UNFCCC on September 09, 2020.

1.5. Institutional arrangements for development of periodical national reports to UNFCCC

MONRE has been assigned by the Government as the Viet Nam national focal point for the implementation of UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and other climate-related international commitments.

DCC has been appointed by MONRE as the executive agency to take lead, implement the UNFCCC, the KP, the Paris Agreement and other climate-related international commitments, including the preparation of periodical national reports to the UNFCCC.

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Chương 1. Bối cảnh quốc gia

CHAPTER 2NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY FOR 2016

2.1. Institutional arrangements for national GHG inventory

2.2. Methodology for national GHG inventory

2.3. Results of national GHG inventory for 2016

2.4. Quality Control and Quality Assurance

2.5. Key emission/removal category analysis and uncertainty assessment

2.6. Published national GHG inventory results

2.7. Recalculation of national GHG inventories for 2010 and 2014

2.8. Comparing national GHG inventory results for 2010, 2014 and 2016

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Chapter 2. National ghg inventory for 2016

2.1. Institutional arrangements for national GHG inventory

The national GHG inventories for the year of 2016 were implemented through the national GHG inventory system specified under the Prime Minister’s Decision No.2359/2015/ QD-TTg dated December 22, 2015 [9] (Figure 2.1), as follows:

- The DCC, MONRE is responsible for developing GHG inventory plan; taking lead and cooperating with related agencies in the GHG inventory system as well as compiling the technical report;

- The General Statistics Office (GSO) under MPI is responsible for collecting/controlling the quality of data from other focal points including MOIT, MOT, MARD, MOC and People’s Committees (PPCs) of provinces/cities to provide the DCC, MONRE with activity data and related information to implement GHG inventories. Moreover, relevant information and data are collected from agencies and organisations outside of the national GHG inventory system.

Figure 2.1. Institutional arrangements of national GHG inventory system.

The results of national GHG inventory in Viet Nam are published, updated, archived and administered on the national GHG inventory information system at the website of the DCC, MONRE.

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2.2. Methodology for national GHG inventory

2.2.1. Methods for national GHG inventory

The national GHG inventory is carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the IPCC, including:

- The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories (herein after called IPCC 2006) [10];

- The 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPPC Guidelines for national GHG inventories [11];

- The Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories (hereinafter referred to as the revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines); The IPCC Good practice guidance and uncertainty management in national GHG inventories (hereinafter referred to as the GPG (2000) [12]; The IPCC Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry (hereinafter referred to as the GPG-LULUCF) are used in case when a number of emission factors (EFs), parameters and conversion factors could not be found in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPPC Guidelines [13].

In addition, the emission of land sub-sector under AFOLU is calculated with the agricultural and land use GHG inventory (ALU) software developed by the Colorado State University and based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

Categories considered in the 2016 national GHG inventory include: (i) energy; (ii) IPPU; (iii) AFOLU; and (iv) waste.

2.2.2. Activity data and emission factors

Activity data (AD) and related information are collected and aggregated from national statistics, government agencies, central and local organisations. Also, a part of them are obtained from scientific documents and reports from international cooperation projects.

The top-down approach was applied to collecting, aggregating and processing AD. However, since the national data is not categorised fully enough following the IPCC classification, AD for some sub-sectors in energy and IPPU applied the bottom-up approach.

The majority of EFs, parameters and conversion factors used in national GHG inventories are default values of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. In addition, some country specific EFs, parameters and conversion factors are also used. A summary of AD, EFs, parameters and conversion factors in national GHG inventories is presented in Table 2.1.

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Table 2.1. Methods and data sources used in national GHG inventory for 2016

1. Energy sectorTier Tier 1, Tier 2 (1B1a).AD Viet Nam Energy Balance Sheet 2016, Institute of Energy, MOIT, 2020.EFs - CH4 dispersion coefficient in pit coal mining in Viet Nam, MOIT.

- IPCC 2006 default values.Other parameters

- Energy conversion coefficient of coal, oil, gas and biomass, Institute of Energy, MOIT, 2020.

- Ratio of surface and underground coal mining according to energy experts.

- IPCC 2006 default values.2. IPPU sectorTier Tier 1AD - Statistical Yearbook 2018, GSO, 2019.

- Statistical Yearbook 2017 of steel industry, the World Steel Association, 2017.

- Report on production and import of urea fertiliser, the Plant Protection Department, MARD, 2020.

- Cement Industry Report 2016, the Viet Nam Cement Association, 2016.

- Technical report on input data for GHG emission reduction by improving production processes of building materials manufacturing, MOC, 2016.

- Report on HFCs consumption in Viet Nam by sectors in the period of 2011-2017, DCC, MONRE, 2018.

- Report on updating data for nitric acid production, the Viet Nam Chemical Agency, MOIT, 2020.

- Report on assessment and GHG inventory in the production of building materials (cement, glass, tiles, fired bricks, sanitary ware) and proposal on appropriate management solutions, the Viet Nam Institute for Building Materials, MOC, 2019.

EFs - EFs of SO2, NOx, CO and NMVOC in steel production based on the revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

- IPCC 2006 default values.Other parameters

- The rate of clinker in cement, Final project report of ‘the NAMA Readiness programme for Viet Nam’s cement sector’, MOC, 2016.

- IPCC 2006 default values.3. AFOLU sectorTier Tier 1, Tier 2 (3A2), Tier 3 (3B1).

AD - Statistical Yearbook 2018, GSO, 2019.

- Statistical Yearbook 2018 of the agriculture and rural development sector, MARD, 2019.

- Report on production and import of urea fertilisers, the Plant Protection Department, MARD, 2020.

- Report on state of forest data 2016, the Forest Protection Department, MARD, 2017.

- Surface coating matrix 2006-2016, the National Remote Sensing Department, MONRE, 2020.

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EFs - Country specific CH4 EFs for continuously flooded rice fields with organic amendments, Project report for development country specific emission factor by GEF/UNEP, MONRE, 2007.

- IPCC 2006 default values.

Other parameters

- Percentage of manure management methods in livestock production, the Viet Nam Department of Livestock Production, MARD, 2015.

- Percentage of in-field burning of rice straw, Summary report on assessment of current status and proposing solutions for waste management in the field of farming, the Institute of Agricultural Environment, MARD, 2018.

- Growth parameters of biomass, aboveground biomass of forest types and the biomass conversion and expansion factors applicable to wood removals (BCEFr) used by forestry experts, the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, MARD, 2020.

- Percentage of residue burnt in-field of some crops (beans, cotton, jute…) using revised 1996 IPCC default value.

- Percentage of residue burnt in-field of some crops (maize, sweet potato, cassava...) using agriculture experts assessments.

- IPCC 2006 and 2019 default values.

4. Waste sectorTier Tier 1, Tier 2 (4A).

AD - Statistical Yearbook 2018, GSO, 2019.

- National Environment Status Report 2017, MONRE, 2017.

- Environment Status Report 2006-2010; 2011-2015, People’s Committees of 63 provinces and centrally-run cities.

EFs - IPCC 2006 default values.

Other parameters

- Average rate of municipal solid waste generation (kg/cap/day) and average rate of solid waste management at landfills, Viet Nam Environmental Monitor 2004 - Solid Waste, MONRE, 2004.

- Average rate of rural solid waste generation (kg/cap/day), National Environment Report 2011 - Solid waste, MONRE, 2011.

- Rate of wastewater treatment by type of treatment and discharge pathway or system, National Environment Status Report 2017, MONRE, 2017.

- Parameters for wastewater treatment for low income areas, septic system and unmanaged system according to waste experts.

- IPCC 2006 default values.

2.2.3. Global warming potential

The global warming potential (GWP) value for 100 years was applied for the national GHG inventory for 2016 and recalculated for 2010 and 2014 according to the 5th IPCC Assessment report on climate change (AR5) published in 2014. Details are listed in Table 2.2.

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Table 2.2. The GWP values of GHGs are applied to the 2016 GHG national inventory and recalculated for 2010 and 2014 [14]

Gas GWP

CO2 1

CH4 28

N2O 265

HFCs

HFC-125 3,170

HFC-227ea 3,350

HFC-23 12,400

2.3. Results of national GHG inventory for 2016

2.3.1. Summary of national GHG inventory

The total GHG emissions/removals of Viet Nam in 2016 was 316,734.96 ktCO2e. Of which, the energy sector was the biggest contributor, accouting for 65% of emissions, followed by the IPPU sector, 14.6%. The third biggest contributor went to AFOLU, 13.9% and lastly the waste sector, 6.5%, as detailed in Table 2.3. The ratio of GHG emissions by sectors are demonstrated in Figure 2.2.

Table 2.3. GHG emissions/removals in 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

IPCC code

Sector CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs Total

Total net emissions 191,651.08 106,838.29 18,222.26 23.32 316,734.96

1 Energy 182,291.22 22,345.35 1,195.63 205,832.20

2 IPPU 46,047.20 24.12 23.32 46,094.64

3 AFOLU -37,489.34 66,544.64 15,014.44 44,069.74

4 Waste 802.00 17,948.30 1,988.07 20,738.38

Note: Negative value (-) shows the GHG absorption of sinks.

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Waste6.5%

14.6%

13.9%

Figure 2.2. Ratio of GHG emissions by sector in 2016.

2.3.2. Results of national GHG inventory by sector

a/ Energy sector

Total GHG emissions of the energy sector in 2016 were 205,832.20 ktCO2e. The largest emission subsector was energy industries with 91,004.80 ktCO2e, tantamount to 42.2% of the sector’s total emissions. Details are displayed in the Table 2.4. The ratio of GHG emissions by subsectors in 2016 are demonstrated in Figure 2.3.

Table 2.4. GHG emissions in the energy sector in 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

IPCC code

GHG source categories CO2 CH4 N2O Total

1 Energy 182,291.22 22,345.35 1,195.63 205,832.20

1A Fuel combustion 180,767.38 1,291.51 1,192.57 183,251.46

1A1 Energy industries 90,554.60 86.56 364.64 91,004.80

1A2Manufacturing industries and construction

37,701.55 233.95 312.61 38,248.11

1A3 Transport 35,193.17 277.38 424.77 35,845.32

1A4 Other sectors 17,318.05 744.63 90.55 18,153.23

1B Fugitive emissions from fuels 1,523.84 20,700.46 3.06 22,580.74

1B1 Solid fuels 3,006.72 3,006.72

1B2 Oil and natural gas 1,523.84 18,047.12 3.06 19,574.02

Energy65.0%

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Figure 2.3. Ratio of 2016 GHG emissions of the energy sector.

b/ IPPU sector

Total GHG emissions of the IPPU sector in 2016 were 46,094.64 ktCO2e. The highest emissions went from the Cement production, 36,773.00 ktCO2e, or equal to 79.8% as detailed in Table 2.5. The ratio of GHG emissions by subsectors in 2016 are demonstrated in Figure 2.4.

Table 2.5. GHG emissions of the IPPU sector in 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

IPCC code

GHG source categories CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs Total

2 IPPU 46,047.20 24.12 23.32 46,094.64

2A Mineral industry 40,917.20 40,917.20

2A1 Cement production 36,773.00 36,773.00

2A2 Lime production 3,825.00 3,825.00

2A3 Glass production 319.20 319.20

2B Chemical industry 1,271.78 24.12 1,295.90

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IPCC code

GHG source categories CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs Total

2B1 Ammonia production 1,271.78 1,271.78

2B2 Nitric Acid production 24.12 24.12

2C Metal industry 3,858.22 3,858.22

2C1 Iron and steel production 3,858.22 3,858.22

2FProduct uses as substitutes for ozone depleting substances

23.32 23.32

2F3 Fire protection 23.32 23.32

Figure 2.4. Ratio of GHG emissions of the IPPU sector in 2016.

c/ AFOLU sector

Total GHG emissions/removals of the AFOLU sector in 2016 were 44,069.74 ktCO2e. Of which, forest land contributed the highest absorption, -54,657.78 ktCO2e, whereas rice cultivations was the biggest emission source, 49,693.02 ktCO2e. Details are shown in Table 2.6 and Figure 2.5.

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Table 2.6. GHG emissions/removals of the AFOLU sector in 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

IPCC code

GHG source/sink categories CO2 CH4 N2OTotal net emissions

3 AFOLU -37,489.34 66,544.64 15,014.44 44,069.74

3A Livestock 15,553.10 2,960.27 18,513.37

3A1 Enteric fermentation 12,421.74 12,421.74

3A2 Manure management 3,131.36 2,960.27 6,091.63

3B Land -39,491.24 -39,491.24

3B1 Forest land -54,657.78 -54,657.78

3B2 Cropland 3,637.60 3,637.60

3B3 Grassland 1,383.64 1,383.64

3B4 Wetlands 1,046.90 1,046.90

3B5 Settlements 1,919.14 1,919.14

3B6 Other land 7,179.27 7,179.27

3CAggregate sources and non-CO2 emission sources on land

2,001.90 50,991.54 12,054.16 65,047.60

3C1 Emissions from biomass burning 1,298.52 325.61 1,624.13

3C2 Liming 565.79 565.79

3C3 Urea application 1,436.11 1,436.11

3C4Direct N2O emissions from managed soils

7,754.11 7,754.11

3C5Indirect N2O emissions from managed soils

3,752.55 3,752.55

3C6Indirect N2O emissions from manure management

221.90 221.90

3C7 Rice cultivations 49,693.02 49,693.02

Note: Negative value (-) shows the GHG absorption of sinks

ktCO

2e

Total net

emission

Figure 2.5. GHG emissions/removals of the AFOLU sector in 2016.

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d/ Waste sector

Total GHG emissions of the waste sector in 2016 were 20,738.38 ktCO2e. Of which, solid waste disposal emitted the most, 10,438.86 ktCO2e or 50.3% as detailed in Table 2.7. The ratio of GHG emissions by subsectors in 2016 are demonstrated in Figure 2.6.

Table 2.7. GHG emissions of waste sector in 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

IPCC code

GHG source categories CO2 CH4 N2O Total

4 Waste 802.00 17,948.30 1,988.07 20,738.38

4A Solid waste disposal 10,438.86 10,438.86

4A1 Managed waste disposal sites 10,438.86 10,438.86

4A2 Unmanaged waste disposal sites IE IE

4A3Uncategorised waste disposal sites

IE IE

4BBiological treatment of solid waste

69.45 39.44 108.89

4CIncineration and open burning of waste

802.00 377.28 62.08 1,241.36

4C1 Waste incineration 528.09 0.13 11.38 539.60

4C2 Open burning of waste 273.91 377.15 50.70 701.76

4DWastewater treatment and discharge

7,062.71 1,886.55 8,949.26

4D1Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge

4,805.66 1,886.55 6,692.21

4D2Industrial wastewater treatment and discharge

2,257.05 2,257.05

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Figure 2.6. Ratio GHG emissions of waste sector in 2016.

2.4. Quality Control and Quality Assurance

2.4.1. Quality Control

Quality control (QC) for the 2016 national GHG inventory includes i) AD and EFs; ii) Results of emission/removal calculation; iii) Key category analysis, uncertainty assessment and other related issues. QC results are synthesised in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8. QC results for 2016 national GHG inventory

Scope Activities Results

AD

Check AD sources and criteria for selecting AD

AD are used clearly to ensure reliability.

Information and AD published in the national statistical yearbooks have been prioritised, followed by AD obtained from state management, central and local agencies and organizations; some research papers at home and abroad.

Check the assumptions used due to the lack of AD.

The assumptions based on expert judgments have been found most appropriate for the current data status.

Check the process of inputting AD and measure units into spreadsheets and inventory tools.

No errors have been found during the process of inputting AD and measure units into spreadsheets and inventory tools.

Check the consistency of AD among sectors.

AD among sectors has been inspected to ensure consistency.

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Scope Activities Results

EFs and parameters

Check the parameters, conversion factors and country-specific EFs used.

The selected values have been appropriate and transparent based on reliable sources as well as have ensured consistency across sectors.

Check the EFs and parameters using IPCC default value.

The selected values have been accurate, consistent and suitable with the IPCC GPG.

Calculated results

Check methodology for calculating emissions/removals.

Fully complied with the methodology of IPCC 2006.

Check inventory results of sectors for 2016 and recalculated results for year 2010 and 2014.

The applied calculation formulas, GWP values according to the IPCC guidelines have been found correct.

Check the completeness, accuracy and consistency according to the IPCC categorisation.

The emissions/removals have been calculated correctly. Such notations as NA, NO, IE and NE have been unanimous according to IPCC 2006.

Other contents

Check the results of key category analysis and the uncertainty assessment.

The used method as well as formula for key categories analysis and uncertainty assessment have been precisely applied according to the IPCC guidelines.

Check the reporting results according to IPCC 2006 guidelines and templates.

The displayed tables and graphs have been accurate, consistent and conformable to the IPCC 2006 templates.

2.4.2. Quality Assurance

Quality assurance (QA) of the national GHG inventory for 2016, including activities in the national GHG inventory system is shown in Figure 2.1 was conducted by agency/experts not directly involved in the inventory compilation. QA activities were conducted from the preparation of GHG inventory until completion of final report.

QA activities include inspecting and assessing the quality of input data as well as the appropriateness of the GHG inventory methodology to make sure that inventory results are the best-estimated emissions/removals under the current scientific background with the existing data. Moreover, QA also supports QC activities.

The process of coordinating and supervising QA activities has seen regular, continuous and close collaboration among related state management agencies, research institutions, NGOs and sectoral experts. Under the consultation procedure for the 2016 inventory in terms of EFs, AD, parameters and conversion factors, applied methods, results, eight workshops, consulting meetings were organised on GHG inventory in the AFOLU and waste sectors; five, in the energy and IPPU sectors together with other technical discussions among GHG inventory compilation groups and sector experts. Comments and inputs from those technical seminars, meetings were well-received, acquired and supplemented in the 2016 National Inventory Report (NIR 2016) as well as sectoral inventory reports.

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The NIR 2016 was sent to line ministries and agencies involved in the making of BUR3 for official consultation. Feedbacks and inputs were accommodated in NIR 2016.

2.5. Key emission/removal category analysis and uncertainty assessment

2.5.1. Key emission/removal category analysis

Analysis of key emissions/removals was done based on Tier 1 approach, according to formula 4.1, page 4.14, Chapter 4, Volume 1, IPCC 2006 to identify the largest emissions that accumulate to 95% of total national net emission. Viet Nam had 42 key emissions and removals categories in 2016, which contribute to 95.1% of total 158 GHG emission sources/sinks. In particular, the largest source was fuel combustion for electricity generation (1A1ai), accounting for 20.6%. The detailed analysis of 2016 key emission/removal categories is synthesised in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9. Key emission/removal categories in 2016

No.IPCCcode

Key emission/removal category Gas

Emissions /Removals

Contribution level

Cumulative total

ktCO2e %

1 1A1aiFuel combustion for electricity generation

CO2 88,482.75 20.6 20.6

2 3C7 Rice cultivations CH4 49,693.02 11.6 32.1

3 3B1a Forest land remaining forest land CO2 -42,704.93 9.9 42.1

4 2A1 Cement production CO2 36,773.00 8.6 50.6

5 1A3b Road transportation CO2 29,860.73 6.9 57.6

6 1A2f Non-metallic minerals CO2 14,402.77 3.3 60.9

7 1B2a Oil CH4 14,270.02 3.3 64.2

8 3B1bii Grassland converted to forest land CO2 -11,030.95 2.6 66.8

9 4A Solid waste disposal CH4 10,438.86 2.4 69.2

10 1A2a Iron and steel CO2 8,757.59 2.0 71.3

11 1A4cAgriculture/forestry/fishing/fish farms

CO2 8,235.91 1.9 73.2

12 3C4Direct N2O emissions from managed soils

N2O 7,754.11 1.8 75.0

13 1A4b Residential CO2 6,994.11 1.6 76.6

14 3A1aii Dairy cows CH4 6,861.05 1.6 78.2

15 3B2bi Forest land converted to cropland CO2 5,623.33 1.3 79.5

16 3B6bi Forest land converted to other land CO2 5,335.51 1.2 80.7

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No.IPCCcode

Key emission/removal category Gas

Emissions /Removals

Contribution level

Cumulative total

ktCO2e %

17 4D1Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge

CH4 4,805.66 1.1 81.9

18 3A1b Buffalo CH4 3,879.89 0.9 82.8

19 2C1 Iron and steel production CO2 3,858.22 0.9 83.7

20 2A2 Lime production CO2 3,825.00 0.9 84.6

21 1B2b Natural gas CH4 3,777.10 0.9 85.4

22 3C5Indirect N2O emissions from managed soils

N2O 3,752.55 0.9 86.3

23 1A2l Textile and leather CO2 3,352.31 0.8 87.1

24 1A3d Water-borne navigation CO2 2,963.01 0.7 87.8

25 1B1ai Underground mines CH4 2,652.99 0.6 88.4

26 1A2k Construction CO2 2,571.69 0.6 89.0

27 1A2c Chemicals CO2 2,286.29 0.5 89.5

28 4D2Industrial wastewater treatment and discharge

CH4 2,257.05 0.5 90.0

29 1A3a Civil aviation CO2 2,246.01 0.5 90.6

30 1A4a Commercial/institutional CO2 2,088.03 0.5 91.0

31 1A1b Petroleum fefining CO2 2,008.90 0.5 91.5

32 4D1Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge

N2O 1,886.55 0.4 92.0

33 1A2m Non-specified industry CO2 1,734.14 0.4 92.4

34 1A2i Mining and quarrying CO2 1,683.71 0.4 92.8

35 1A2eFood processing, beverages and tobacco

CO2 1,629.60 0.4 93.1

36 3C3 Urea application CO2 1,436.11 0.3 93.5

37 3B6bii Cropland converted to other land CO2 1,350.75 0.3 93.8

38 2B1 Ammonia production CO2 1,271.78 0.3 94.1

39 3C1b Biomass nurning in croplands CH4 1,244.59 0.3 94.4

40 3B3bi Forest land converted to grassland CO2 1,168.70 0.3 94.6

41 3A2h Swine CH4 1,034.78 0.2 94.9

42 3B2a Cropland remaining cropland CO2 -1,026.04 0.2 95.1


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The 42 key categories of GHG emissions/removals included 28 of CO2; 11 of CH4 and three of N2O. The number of key categories are sythesised in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10. Statistics on number of key GHG emission sources/sinks in 2016

IPCC code Sector CO2 CH4 N2O Total

Total key sources 28 11 3 42

1 Energy 16 3 0 19

2 IPPU 4 0 0 4

3 AFOLU 8 5 2 15

4 Waste 0 3 1 4

In comparison with the results of the key catogory analysis for 2014 with 39 sources including LULUCF, the 2016 inventory results had three more key categories due to an increase of one source in each sector of energy, AFOLU and waste whereas the IPPU sector experienced no changes. Furthermore, the contribution of key categories in 2016 was different from those of 2014 by gases, specifically:

- The energy sector had an increase of one source due to an increase of two CO2 categories and a loss of one CH4 category.

- The IPPU sector witnessed no changes.

- The AFOLU sector had increase of three CO2 categories and reduction of two NO2 while the CH4 categories stayed unchanged.

- The waste sector saw an increase of one CH4 category while others remained unchanged.

2.5.2. Uncertainty assessments

The uncertainty assessments for the 2016 national GHG inventory was conducted using Tier 1 approach, Equations 3.1 and 3.2 page 3.28, Chapter 3, Volume 1, IPCC 2006. The uncertainty value is the combination value of method error, statistical error and standard deviation of used value. The uncertainties of the used AD, EFs, parameters and conversion factors are default values or one value in a default range according to the revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, GPG 2000, GPG 2003 and IPCC 2006. Some of the uncertainties for AD, parameters and EFs have been applied according to statistical expert judgments. The uncertainty assessments will contribute to next GHG inventory cycle. Results of the uncertainty assessments for 158 GHG emissions/removals of GHGs are combined values of uncertainties of respective AD and EFs. Uncertainty assessment results of the sectors are presented in Table 2.11.

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Table 2.11. Results of uncertainty assessments for the 2016 national GHG inventory

IPCC code

SectorEmission/Removal Uncertainty

ktCO2e %

1 Energy 205,832.20 5.6

2 IPPU 46,094.64 26.9

3 AFOLU 44,069.74 100.2

4 Waste 20,738.38 20.3


2.6. Published national GHG inventory results

Viet Nam has implemented national GHG inventories for five sectors, namely energy, IP, agriculture, LULUCF, waste for the years of 1994, 2000, 2010, 2013 and 2014. All results are prescribed in Table 2.12.

Table 2.12. Published GHG emissions/removals of Viet Nam [15-19]

Unit: ktCO2e

1996 IPCC code

Sector 1994 2000 2010 2013 2014

Total net emissions 103,839.30 150,899.73 246,830.65 259,024.10 283,965.53

1 Energy 25,637.09 52,773.46 141,170.79 151,402.52 171,621.08

2 IP 3,807.19 10,005.72 21,172.01 31,767.38 38,619.79*

4 Agriculture 52,450.00 65,090.65 88,354.77 89,407.82 89,751.80

5 LULUCF 19,380.00 15,104.72 -19,218.59 -34,239.83 -37,540.18

6 Waste 2,565.02 7,925.18 15,351.67 20,686.21 21,513.04


* Results are calculated by IPPU

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Figure 2.7. Viet Nam’s published GHG inventory results.

2.7. Recalculation of national GHG inventories for 2010 and 2014

Under the framework of developing BUR3, recalculation of the national GHG inventories for 2010 and 2014 was conducted, including the update of AD according to national statistics as well as EFs and some parameters, conversion factors applied to the national GHG inventory for 2016 to ensure principles of transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency for the national GHG inventories.

Based on the IPCC 2006, EFs and AD, conversion factors, updated parameters and new IPCC GWP values (AR5, 2014), the recalculated results of Viet Nam’s net GHG emissions for 2010 increased by 7% compared to those in BUR1 with the biggest difference in the IPPU sector with an increase of 22.1%, followed by the waste sector, 15.8%. The results are presented in Table 2.13.

Table 2.13. The recalculation of GHG emissions/removals for 2010 [15]

2006 IPCC code

SectorCO2 CH4 N2O HFCs

Total net emissions

Difference

ktCO2e %

Total net emission 132,641.81 115,801.48 15,856.10 NE 264,210.67 7,0

1 Energy 125,514.57 25,075.17 1,289.33 151,879.06 7.6

2 IPPU 25,844.05 NE NE 25,844.05 22.1

3 AFOLU -19,499.85 75,258.07 12,952.60 68,710.82 0.6*

4 Waste 694.48 15,468.18 1,614.08 17,776.73 15.8


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*: The recalculated results lower than the published results.

Similarly, the recalculated results of the net GHG emissions for 2014 declined by 1.9% compared to those in TNC, of which the most significant difference was a decrease of 13.8% in the AFOLU sector. In the meantime, values of the IPPU sector did not vary much from the published. Table 2.14 shows the recalculation results for 2014.

Table 2.14. The recalculation of GHG emissions/removals for 2014 [16]

2006 IPCC code

SectorCO2 CH4 N2O HFCs

Total net emissions

Differ-ence

ktCO2e %

Total net emission 151,930.72 109,842.95 16,791.01 95.01 278,659.70 1.9*

1 Energy 148,435.33 25,784.95 1,319.91 175,540.20 2.3

2 IPPU 38,637.70 NE 95.01 38,732.71 0.3

3 AFOLU -35,936.97 67,304.63 13,630.26 44,997.92 13.8*

4 Waste 794.66 16,753.37 1,840.84 19,388.87 9.9*


*: The recalculated results lower than the published results.

2.8. Comparing national GHG inventory results for 2010, 2014 and 2016

The comparison of all the re-calculated results of Viet Nam’s GHG emissions/removals for 2010 and 2014 and 2016 proves that total net emissions in 2016 increased by 13.7%, equivalent to 38,075.26 ktCO2e against 2014 and 19.9%, equivalent to 52,524.29 ktCO2e against 2010, specifically:

- The energy sector: the 2016 emissions increased by 17.3%, equal to 30,292.00 ktCO2e compared to those of 2014, and 35.5%, equal to 53,953.14 ktCO2e compared to those of 2010;

- The IPPU sector: the 2016 net emissions rose by 19.0%, equivalent to 7,361.93 ktCO2e against those of 2014 and 78.4%, equal to 20,250.59 ktCO2e against those of 2010;

- The AFOLU sector: the 2016 emissions decreased by 2.1%, equalling 928.18 ktCO2e against those of 2014 and by 35.9%, equal to 24,641.07 ktCO2e against those of 2010; and

- The waste sector: the total 2016 net emissions increased by 13.7%, equivalent to 1,349.51 ktCO2e against those of 2014 and by 19.9%, equalling 2,961.64 ktCO2e against those of 2010.

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Calculations are presented in Table 2.15 and Figure 2.8.

Table 2.15. The national GHG inventory results for 2010, 2014 and 2016

Unit: ktCO2e

2006 IPCC code Sector 2010 2014 2016

Total net emissions 264,210.67 278,659.70 316,734.96

1 Energy 151,879.06 175,540.20 205,832.20

2 IPPU 25,844.05 38,732.71 46,094.64

3 AFOLU 68,710.81 44,997.92 44,069.74

4 Waste 17,776.74 19,388.87 20,738.38

Figure 2.8. Comparing results of national GHG inventories for 2010*, 2014* and 2016.*: Recalculation results

CHAPTER 3

INFORMATION ON MITIGATION ACTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 GHG emission reduction related policies

3.3 Mitigation actions

3.4 Market mechanisms

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Chapter 3. Information on mitigation actions and their impacts

3.1. Introduction

In recent years, Viet Nam has continued to promulgate a number of policies and implemented a variety of mitigation actions to implement the Paris Agreement. Viet Nam has completed the review and update of its NDC and submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat on September 11, 2020. Amid complex developments of the COVID-19 pandemic, Viet Nam’s completion of the update of NDC was highly regarded by the UNFCCC Secretariat. Particularly, in the updated NDC, Viet Nam increased its contributions to climate change responses. Accordingly, Viet Nam, by 2030, will reduce its GHG emissions by 9% in comparison with the BAU scenario with domestic resources. The contribution may increase to 27% should Viet Nam receive international support via bilateral/multilateral cooperation and implement new mechanisms as prescribed in the Paris Agreement.

This Chapter provides updates on the implementation results of GHG emission reduction policies and activities reported in its BUR2 as well as information on national, sectoral, and local policies, and newly-implemented GHG emission reduction activities. The report also gives a general assessment of the impacts and benefits of GHG emission reduction actions and provides updates on market mechanisms.

3.2. GHG emission reduction related policies

3.2.1. Updates on implementation outcomes of policies reported in BUR2

Viet Nam has achieved positive results in implementing policies reported in its BUR2, including national, inter-sectoral, and sectoral policies related to GHG emission reduction.

(1). National and inter-sectoral policies

a) The National strategy on climate change, approved under the Decision No.2139/QD-TTg dated December 05, 2011, of the Prime Minister, has so far achieved following important results:

- Energy: by October 2020, Viet Nam had had 11 wind power plants operating with a total capacity of 500 MW, put 106 solar power plants with 6,000 MW of capacity into operation; had 325 MW of biomass power capacity grid-connected and had 10MW of solid waste power capacity; the proportion of renewable energy (RE) had reached about 11.2% of the

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total primary commercial energy with total output having reached 4.4%; about 700,000 solar-run water heaters had been installed. The energy conservation were estimated to have reached 5.65% in the 2011-2015 period and will reach 1.0% per year of the total national energy demand in the upcoming years.

- Construction: 24 out of 59 urban areas have issued guiding documents on the development of green growth urban areas; the promotion of energy saving and efficiency in the construction material industry (e.g, the development of an action plan for GHG emission reduction in the cement industry to 2020 with a vision to 2030; the nationwide production of non-fired bricks has reached 7 billion bricks, accounting for 28% of total domestic brick output);

- Transport: tax policies based on engine capacity and fuel type has been applied while taxes have been lowered for electric vehicles (5-15%). In 2018, passenger transportation by bus reached 13.7% and 9.38% in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City, respectively. The consumption proportion of biofuel (E5 gasoline) increased to about 40% of the total gasoline consumption. 100% of newly-manufactured, assembled and imported cars have complied with applicable emission standards;

- Industrial production and construction: national technical regulations on energy efficient construction facilities have been promulgated. More than 9,000 enterprises have implemented cleaner production strategies and 74 projects have been certified as green buildings;

- Agriculture and rural development: A variety of cultivation methods have been applied with the use of fertilisers and animal feeds while 70% of waste from livestock has been processed. The national forest coverage increased from 40.84% in 2015 to 41.89% in 2019. Annually, roughly 230,000 hectares of trees have been planted across the nation (of which, 215,000 hectares were production forest). Since 2016, the logging of natural forests has been halted and its exploitation has been strictly managed. The development of forest reference emission level/forest reference level (FREL/FRL) has been completed and was approved by the UNFCCC Secretariat in April 2017. The national safeguard information system for REDD+ (SIS) has been developed. The development of the national forest monitoring system has also been completed and the development of MRV system has been currently underway. REDD+ pilot projects have been carried out in 24 provinces, of which 19 provinces have approved their provincial level REDD+ action plans; and

- Waste: all 63 provinces and centrally-managed cities have approved solid waste management planning. 71% of bio-solid waste has been landfilled, 16% of waste has been composted and 13%, incinerated without energy recovery. 86.5% of urban domestic solid waste and 63.5% of rural solid waste were collected and treated in 2019. 8-12% of urban domestic solid waste has been recycled. 89% of industrial zones have installed wastewater treatment systems. Investments have made to generate 10 MW of power from solid waste.

b) The National green growth strategy, approved under the Decision No.1393/ QD-TTg dated September 25, 2012 by the Prime Minister, has yielded some notable results in institution development, awareness raising, public and private resources mobilisation.

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- Regarding the institution development, a system of legal normative documents for the implementation of green growth measures has initially been formed, including Resolutions of the Party and the National Assembly, as well as laws, decrees, and circulars in different sectors. Climate change has been integrated into regulations of the Law on Planning, the Law on Public investment, the Law on Public-private partnership investment, the Decree on the management and use of official development assistance (ODA), technical guidance on the classification of public expenditures on climate change, and the climate change adaptation prioritisation framework.

- On the development of action plans on green growth, the institution development and the implementation of the National green growth strategy have been carried out with the development and issuance of action plans on green growth of ministries and localities. By December 2020, seven ministries and 34 localities had issued their action plans of the kind.

- On the reduction of GHG emission intensity and increase of the use of RE, so far, GHG emission reduction measures have been implemented extensively across all sectors. In the 2011-2015 period, the energy conservation rate of Viet Nam reached 5.65%, equivalent to the total energy saving of 11.3 tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE), of which, the energy intensity of industries that consume a large amount of energy has gradually decreased, e.g. by 8.09% for the steel industry, 6.33% for the cement industry, and 7.32% for the textile industry.

- On greening of production, the percentage of enterprises aware of cleaner production went up from 28% in 2010 to 55% in 2015. Meanwhile, the percentage of enterprises applying cleaner production to reduce the consumption of energy, materials and fuel per product unit increased from 11% in 2010 to 24% in 2015.

- On the greening of lifestyles and sustainable consumption, 24 out of 59 urban areas have issued documents to direct and implement green growth urban measures. In addition, many movements and campaigns have been initiated to change consumer behaviours and develop lifestyles appropriate to green growth and sustainable development principles, including activities on ‘green lifestyles’ carried out in localities across the country.

- On the mobilisation and distribution of resources for the implementation of the National green growth strategy: The investment demand for implementing the strategy was forecasted to be at a maximum of USD 30 billion, of which 30% comes from the State budget and 70%, from the private sector. The State Bank of Viet Nam (SBV) issued important documents in the 2015-2017 period on green credit; took lead and coordinated with relevant agencies to negotiate and sign 31 programmes and projects for ministries, sectors, and provincial People’s Committees to improve the financial capacity for credit institutions to offer green credit through programmes, projects, technical assistance on climate change adaptation including issues of the urban environment, biodiversity conservation, and quality and safety improvement for agriculture products, etc.

c) The Target program on climate change response and green growth for the 2016-2020 period approved under the Decision No.1670/QG-TTg dated October 31, 2017 by the Prime

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Minister, has so far, achieved following results:

- Sectors and localities at various levels have been mobilised to synchronously implement policies and investment projects aimed at reducing GHG emissions and developing a low-carbon economy.

- The programme has assisted ministries and sectors to develop their contributions, thus contributing to the completion of the updated NDC.

- By December 2020, three ministries and 35 localities had approved their action plans on climate change response in the 2016-2020 period with a vision to 2050; five ministries and 55 localities had approved their action plans on implementing the Paris Agreement; 25 localities had published their local climate assessments; the National action plan on climate change response for the 2016-2020 period with a vision to 2050 and the national climate assessment had been completed; the Climate change and sea-level rise scenarios had been updated for Viet Nam; the database on climate change in Viet Nam had been developed; communication activities had been conducted to disseminate knowledge in localities and areas heavily affected by climate change.

d) The National action plan to implement the 2030 agenda for sustainable development approved under the Decision No.622/QG-TTg dated May 10, 2017, by the Prime Minister, has, so far, achieved several positive results as follows: In the 2016-2019 period, the percentage of poor households per multidimensional poverty index declined by 1.53% per year; the mortality rate of children under 5 per 1000 live births fell from 22.1 in 2015 to 21 in 2019; the insurance coverage rate increased from 76.4% in 2015 to 90% in 2019, the preschool enrolment rate of 5-year-old children reached 99.9% in 2019; also in 2019, 99.6% of students were certified for their completion of primary education; 95.7% of households had access to safe water and over 99% of households had access to electricity in 2018; 65.9% of the population (equivalent to roughly 64 million people) used the Internet in 2019; annual GDP growth in the 2016-2019 period was relatively high, 6.8%; in the 2016-2018 period, productivity rose by nearly 5.8%; forest coverage increased, reaching 41.9% in 2019; the percentage of female deputies of the 2016-2021 National Assembly reached 26.7%; inequality in the society has been reduced and the access to laws and information has further been improved; the international integration has been promoted more deeply and widel and the national position on the international aren has been enhanced; and Viet Nam has also made important steps in enabling the youth to realise their potentials in achieving SDGs.

(2). Sectoral policies

a) Energy

- The Action plan on green growth of the industry and trade sector for the 2015-2020 period, issued under the Decision No.13443/QD-BCT dated December 08, 2015 by MOIT, has enabled green growth policies for sub-sectors, such as RE development and energy saving and efficiency (details in 3.2.2. (2)). The policies have contributed to the sharp increase of RE

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proportion in the power structure in recent years and will promote the RE use to 8-10% of the total energy consumption as well as reduce energy loss to lower than 6% in 2030.

- The Strategy on RE development to 2030 with a vision to 2050 issued under the Decision No.2068/QG-TTg dated November 25, 2015, by the Prime Minister, has enabled several policies on the promotion of solar, wind, and biomass energy development. By 2019, Viet Nam had achieved and surpassed RE development objectives with a total capacity of 4,696 MW for solar power, 377 MW for wind power, 325 MW for biomass power and 3,647 MW for small-sized hydropower.

b) Construction

- The Action plan on climate change response of the construction sector for the 2016-2020 period issued in Decision No.811/QD-BXD dated August 18, 2016, of MOC, has made major achievements, including GHG inventory for some industries such as construction material production and urban solid waste; and the issuance of the Action plan on GHG emission reduction of the cement industry by 2020 with an orientation to 2030 (under the Decision No.802/QD-BXD dated July 26, 2017 by the MOC).

- The Action plan on green growth of the construction sector to 2020 with a vision to 2030 issued under the Decision No.419/QD-BXD dated May 11, 2017 by MOC, has achieved major results including the issuance of the Viet Nam Green growth urban development plan to 2030 (under the Decision No.84/QD-TTg dated January 19, 2018 by the Prime Minister); the issuance of guiding documents, and the implementation of green growth urban measures of 24 out of 59 urban areas; 74 projects certified as green construction facilities.

- The National technical regulations on energy efficient construction facilities (QCVN 09:2013/BXD), issued under the Circular No.15/2013/TT-BXD dated September 26, 2013 by MOC, has played an important role in the design, construction, and renovation of civil construction works, offices, hotels, hospitals, schools, commercial and service buildings, condominiums with a total floor area of 2,500m2 and above.

c) Transport

- The Action plan on climate change response and green growth for the period of 2016-2020, issued under the Decision No.1456/QD-BGTVT dated May 11, 2016 by MOT, has made major achievements including the construction of urban railway systems in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; the total number of buses nationwide reaching about 12,053 by December 2018; public passenger transport by bus reaching 13.7% in Hanoi and 9.38% in Ho Chi Minh City; the increase in E5 gasoline consumption, accounting for roughly 40% of the total gasoline consumption; the number of CNG-powered buses reaching 453 in Ho Chi Minh City (1.5 times higher than in 2018), 102 in Hanoi (doubling the figure of 2018) and 40 in Binh Duong province in 2019; and the application of tax policies based on engine capacity and fuel type and low taxes for electric vehicles (5-15%).

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- The Action plan on CO2 emission reduction in civil aviation operations issued under the Decision No.4206/QD-BGTVT dated December 28, 2016 by MOT has triggered the issuance of the Regulations on management of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of aircrafts in civil aviation operations (under the Circular No.22/2020/TT-BGTVT dated September 28, 2020 by the MOT), including regulations on the collection, monitoring, and reporting methods and procedures for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of aircrafts; the management of the database of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions; and the responsibilities of relevant organisations and individuals.

d) Agriculture and rural development

The Action plan on green growth of the agriculture and rural development sector to 2020 issued under the Decision No.923/QD-BNN-KH dated March 24, 2017 by MARD, has achieved major results including the issuance of such important laws as the Law on irrigation, the Law on fisheries and the Law on forestry, the Law on Crop production and the Law on Animal husbandry; the issuance of several documents directing, guiding and regulating ‘green’ standards for agricultural production such as Vietnamese good agricultural practices (VietGap), the Biogas programme in the animal husbandry sector, and energey saving and efficiency in the fishery sector; the adoption of SRI on a total area of 394,894 ha in 29 provinces; and the establishment of 26 organic farming facilities and 1,390 VietGAP-certified facilities.

3.2.2. Newly issued policies

(1). National and inter-sectoral policies

- The 2017 Law on Forestry [20] stipulates forest management, conservation, development, and use; forestry goods processing and trade including assessment of GHG emissions reductions by implementing measures to reduce deforestation and forest degradation, promote sustainable forest management, and conserve and enhance forest carbon stocks; regulates payment and management of forest environmental services of organisations and individuals with high GHG emissions from production and business operations.

- The Resolution No.55/NQ-TW dated February 11, 2020 of the Politburo on Orientations of Viet Nam’s National energy development strategy by 2030 with a vision to 2045 [21], sets a number of targets such as the rate of RE sources per total primary energy resources of about 15-20% by 2030, and roughly 25-30% by 2045, the rate of energy savings per total final energy consumption compared to BAU of about 7% by 2030 and roughly 14% by 2045; the GHG emission reduction of 20% against BAU from energy activities by 2045, compared to the previously stated reduction of 15%.

- The Law on Environmental Protection No.72/2020/QH14 adopted on November 17, 2020, including 16 chapters and 171 articles, will take effect from January 1, 2022. The legalised regulations on mitigation include the implementation of GHG emission reduction and sequestration activities in accordance with the reduction roadmap and modality aligning

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with national conditions and international commitments; GHG inventories and MRV of GHG emission reduction at the national, sectoral and local levels; the examination of compliance with regulations on GHG inventories, emission reduction and implementation of GHG mitigation mechanisms and modalities; the development and implementation of cooperation mechanisms and modalities on GHG emission reduction in accordance with the provisions of laws and international treaties to which Viet Nam is a party; the organisation and development of the domestic carbon market.

(2). Sectoral policies

a) Energy

- The National electricity development planning for the period of 2011-2020 with consideration to 2030 [21] sets specific objectives, including the prioritisation of the development of RE sources for electricity production; the increase of electricity generated from RE sources (excluding large- and medium-sized hydropower, pumped storage hydropower plants) to about 7% by 2020 and over 10% by 2030 with: i) electricity generated from wind power sources accounting for about 0.8% by 2020, around 1% by 2025 and 2.1% by 2030; ii) electricity generated from solar power sources accounting for about 0.5% by 2020, 1.6% by 2025 and about 3.3% by 2030; and iii) electricity generated from biomass sources accounting for about 1% by 2020, 1.2% by 2025 and 2.1% by 2030.

- The support mechanisms for the development of solar power projects in Viet Nam [22] stipulate the electricity purchase price of 2,086 VND/kWh for grid-connected projects at electricity delivery points.

- The support mechanisms for the development of wind power projects in Viet Nam [23] adjust the electricity price of 1,928 VND/kWh for the grid-connected inland projects and 2,223 VND/kWh for offshore projects.

- The regulations on the development of projects and standardised power purchase agreement are applicable to wind power projects [24].

- The support mechanisms for the development of solar power in Viet Nam [25] on the grid-connected solar power and the rooftop solar power system stipulate the price of 1,783 VND/kWh for floating solar power, 1,644 VND/kWh for ground-connected and 1,943 VND/kWh for rooftop.

- The regulations on project development and the standardised power purchase agreement are applied to solar power projects [26].

- The support mechanisms for the development of biomass power projects in Viet Nam [27] stipulate the adjusted price of 1,634 VND/kWh for thermal-power cogeneration projects and 1,968 VND/kWh for projects that are not thermal-power cogeneration.

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- The avoidable cost tariff and standardised power purchase agreement are applied to biomass power projects [28].

- The list of vehicles and equipment must be energy-labeled, with minimum energy efficiency standards and the implementation roadmap [29], including regulations on the implementation of voluntary energy labelling until end of December 31, 2019 and mandatory energy labelling from January 1, 2020; prohibitions against importing and producing vehicles and equipment with energy efficiency lower than the minimum energy efficiency standards for certain household appliances, industrial equipment, office and commercial equipment and means of transport.

- The list of and roadmap for energy-consuming vehicles and equipment to be discarded and low-efficient power generators not allowed to be newly built have been issued [30], including the regulations on the list of equipment not allowed to be imported, manufactured and traded from July 10, 2018 and from July 10, 2020 for certain household appliances, office and commercial equipment, and industrial equipment not meeting the minimum energy efficiency standards specified in the Viet Nam national standards (TCVN); the construction of several out-of-date coal-fired and gas-fired generators with first-year operating efficiency lower than the prescribed value was banned from July 10, 2018.

- The list of major energy-consuming facilities in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, required to perform energy-saving tasks has been included in the Prime Minister decisions [31-34].

- The national programme on energy saving and efficiency for the period of 2019-2030 [35] identifies a number of specific objectives: i) energy savings will reach 5%-7% of total national energy consumption, and power loss will be reduced to less than 6.5% by 2025; energy savings will reach 8%-10% and the power loss will be reduced to less than 6% by 2030; and ii) the average energy consumption for all industrial sectors/ sub-sectors will decrease compared to the period of 2015-2018.

b) Construction

- The Viet Nam green growth urban development plan to 2030 [36] set overall objectives of creating and developing green growth urban areas in Viet Nam to promote the transformation of urban economic growth models into green growth, enhance competitiveness, ensure fast, efficient and sustainable regional economic development, contributing to job creation, hunger eradication, poverty reduction and people’s material and spiritual life improvement, the resilience enhancement for urban systems against climate change and contribution to GHG emission reduction under the national commitments.

- The regulations stipulate indicators for the development of green growth urban areas and guidance on preparing green growth urban construction reports in compliance with the indicators for centrally-run cities and urban areas of grade I, grade II, grade III, grade IV and grade V [37]. The indicators for the development of green growth urban areas include 24 indicators divided into four groups (economy, environment, society, and institution).

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The environment group includes 10 indicators to evaluate the quality of the environment and urban landscape, level of application of energy saving and efficiency solutions, use of RE, environmental protection, and the reduction of pollution, waste discharge, and GHG emissions in urban development.

- The National technical regulations on energy efficiency buildings (QCVN 09:2017/BXD) (the Circular No.15/2017/TT-BXD dated December 28, 2017 by MOC). The regulations include a set of criteria on: (i) building envelopes, (ii) ventilation and air conditioning, (iii) lighting, and (iv) other electrical equipment used in designs, construction, and renovation of office buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, commercial and residential areas with a floor area of 2,500m2 or more, and many regulations aimed at reducing the needs for artificial cooling and lighting systems, providing efficient cooling and lighting systems.

- The Action plan of MOC for the implementation of the Paris Agreement for the period of 2020-2030 (the Decision No.967/QD-BXD dated July 24, 2020) sets specific objectives of: (i) reducing GHG emissions in the construction material production sector, developing construction works, municipalities, urban technical infrastructure in compliance with the contributions committed by the Government of Viet Nam in its NDC; (ii) improving institutions, mechanisms and policies to support and encourage construction materials producing enterprises to invest in technological improvement projects, to strengthen production management capacity and to build construction works that reduce GHG emissions; and (iii) improving the management capacity of MOC on GHG emission reduction in its management sectors.

c) Transport

- The roadmap for application of exhaust emission standards for automobiles in use and imported used automobiles (the Decision No.16/2019/QD-TTg dated March 28, 2019 by the Prime Minister) sets the maximum allowable emission limits to automobile pollutants and exhaust fumes with four exhaust emission standard levels.

- Guidelines for energy labelling for 7-9 seater cars (the Circular No.40/2017/TT-BGTVT dated November 9, 2017 by MOT) regulate 7-9 seater cars manufactured, assembled from discrete and brand-new or unused imported components must be tested for their fuel consumption rate and energy-labelled before being sold on the market.

- The regulations on statistical indicators and the statistical reporting system of the transport sector [38] provide guidance on the statistical data reporting system and statistical survey data for the state management of MOT, which includes the regulations on data reporting for GHG inventory and MRV system in the transportation sector.

- The regulations on collecting and reporting fuel consumption data of Vietnamese-flagged ships [39] stipulate that from January 1, 2019, ship owners shall collect and make a report on fuel consumption data of each ship for each calendar year and send it to the Viet Nam Register for the purpose of supporting the protection of marine and air environment, and state management in the transportation sector.

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- The guidance on energy labelling for domestically manufactured, assembled, or imported motorcycles and motorbikes [40] stipulates that brand-new motorcycles and motorbikes domestically manufactured, assembled, or imported shall be tested for their fuel consumption rate and energy-labelled before being sold on the market.

- The regulations on the management of fuel use and CO2 emissions of aircraft in civil aviation operations [41] stipulate the collection, monitoring and reporting data of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of international flights; monitoring and reporting data of fuel consumption of domestic flights; management of database on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

d) Agriculture and rural development

- The National programme on GHG emission reduction through the mitigation of deforestation and forest degradation; conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks and sustainable management of forest resources until 2030 (REDD+ Programme) [42] sets the overall objectives of contributing to the protection and improvement of the quality of natural forests, area expansion, and quality improvement of planted forests; linking with and integrating into the national targets of GHG emission reduction, forest protection and development, and green growth; attracting international support to approach the carbon credit markets; and improving people life and sustainably developing the the country.

- The Target programme for sustainable forestry development for the period of 2016-2020 [43] sets the overall objectives of improving production output and quality and promoting value of each forest type, increasing value of production forests per area unit; contributing to meeting the requirements of natural disaster mitigation, ecological and environmental protection, response to climate change and rising sea levels; creating jobs, increasing incomes, contributing to hunger eradication, poverty alleviation, improving livelihoods for people working in the forestry sector, closely aligning these activities with the process of building new rural areas, maintaining national defense, security, social order and safety.

- The Decision on the amendment and supplementation of objectives and tasks in implementing the Project to protect and develop coastal forests in response to climate change for the period of 2015-2020 [44] has the objectives of promoting the protection function of coastal forests in response to climate change and rising sea levels, mitigate natural disasters, protecting the sea dyke system, infrastructure, conserving biodiversity, enhancing CO2 absorption, reducting GHG emissions; and contributing to socio-economic development, and strengthening national defense and security.

- The Plan to implement the Paris Agreement of MARD for the period of 2021-2030 [45] has the objective of concretising the implementation of tasks assigned to MARD under the Decision No.2053/QD-TTg dated October 28, 2016 by the Prime Minister, and serving as a basis for mobilising domestic and international resources to respond effectively to climate change in the agriculture and rural development sector.

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- The scheme on sustainable forest management and forest certification [46] has objectives of: (i) sustainably managing and exploiting forest resources, conserving biodiversity, protecting the ecological environment and values of forest environmental services; promoting forest certification in Viet Nam to meet the requirements of domestic and international markets for legal timber origin; (ii) creating plantation timber resources in forests performing sustainable forest management and being able to supply at least 80% of raw materials for the wood processing industry; and (iii) improving value of plantation timber, contributing to hunger elimination and poverty reduction and increasing the added value of the forestry sector.

d) Waste

- The amendments to the National strategy on integrated management of solid waste to 2025 with a vision to 2050 have objectives [47] of: i) preventing, controlling and basically limiting the increase in solid waste generation, minimising environmental pollution caused by solid waste; ii) strengthening capacity of integrated management of solid waste, simultaneously implementing solutions to promote solid waste storage, collection, transportation, reuse, recycling and disposal; expanding solid waste collection networks; promoting solid waste separation at source alongside with preventing and minimising solid waste generation in daily life, production, business and services; promoting socialisation and attracting private and foreign investment in domestic solid waste management; and iii) applying advanced and environmentally-friendly treatment technologies; selecting treatment technologies safe and suitable for each locality’s socio-economic development conditions in combination with energy recovery and GHG emission reduction; developing the recycling industry, encouraging the use and consumption of products from the solid waste treatment.

(3). Local policies

All localities across the nation have developed and updated their Action plans on climate change responses. By December 2020, 55 localities had developed their plans to implement the Paris Agreement; 35 localities had issued their action plans on climate change response for the 2016-2020 period with a vision to 2050; 34 localities had developed and promulgated their action plans on green growth; 25 localities had issued their local climate change assessments; response solutions in related state management fields had been proposed via specific mechanisms, policies, projects, tasks and measures; research and studies had been proactively conducted to integrate climate change into the sectoral, field, and socioeconomic planning and plans; several provinces and cities have implemented: (i) local GHG inventories; (ii) research, development, and implementation of potential GHG emission reduction activities; and (iii) research and recommendation of relevant procedures for GHG inventory and MRV for local GHG emission reduction activities.

3.3. Mitigation actions

3.3.1. Mitigation component of updated NDC

The mitigation component of the updated NDC 2020 [18] identifies the GHG emission reduction roadmap for the period of 2021-2030 and includes such sectors as energy,

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agriculture, waste, LULUCF, and IP. BAU was developed with 2014 as the base year and projected toward 2030.

By 2030, with domestic resources, Viet Nam will have reduced its total GHG emissions by about 9%, equivalent to 83.9 MtCO2e, compared to the BAU scenario. This contribution can be increased to 27%, equivalent to 250.8 MtCO2e with the international support received through bilateral and multilateral cooperation as well as through the implementation of the new mechanisms under the Paris Agreement. The contribution of GHG emission reduction by sectors is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1. Contributions to GHG emission reduction by sector [18]

Sector

Contribution with domestic resources

Contribution with international support

Total contribution with both domestic resources and

Compared to BAU scenario

(%)

Reduced amount

(MtCO2e)

Compared to BAU scenatrio

(%)

Reduced amount

(MtCO2e)

Compared to BAU scenario

(%)

Reduced amount

(MtCO2e)

Energy 5.5 51.5 11.2 104.3 16.7 155.8

Agriculture 0.7 6.8 2.8 25.8 3.5 32.6

LULUCF* 1.0 9.3 1.3 11.9 2.3 21.2

Waste 1.0 9.1 2.6 24.0 3.6 33.1

IP 0.8 7.2 0.1 0.8 0.9 8.0

Total 9.0 83.9 18.0 166.8 27.0 250.8

Note (*): GHG absorption increase.

The mitigation measures in the updated NDC include: (i) improving energy-saving and energy efficiency, and reducing energy consumption; (ii) changing the fuel and energy structure in industry and transportation; (iii) shifting passenger and cargo transportation models; (iv) promoting efficient exploitation of renewable energy sources and increasing their proportion in energy production and consumption; (v) reducing GHG emissions through sustainable agricultural development, and improving the effectiveness and competitiveness of agricultural production; (vi) managing and developing sustainable forests, enhancing carbon sequestration and environmental services; conservation of biodiversity associated with economic development and increasing incomes for forest-dependent communities and people; (vii) managing wastes; and (viii) reducing GHG emissions by replacing construction materials and improving the cement and chemical production processes together with reducing the consumption of HFCs.

3.2.2 Update of outcomes of mitigation actions reported in BUR2

(1). NAMAs reported in BUR2

NAMAs submited to the NAMA Facility since the submission of BUR2 include:

- NAMA in the transport sector ‘Low-carbon bus NAMA’ submitted for the second time in 2018.

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- NAMA in the cement sector ‘Supporting up-scaled climate change mitigation action in the Viet Nam cement sector” submitted for the first time in 2019.

(2). GHG emission reduction actions

GHG emission reduction actions and projects reported in BUR2 include: (i) the Viet Nam partnership for market readiness; (ii) Low carbon transition in the energy efficiency sector; (iii) the development and promotion of LED technologies for general lighting in Viet Nam; (iv) energy efficiency in the industry sector; (v) energy efficiency improvement in commercial and high-rise residential buildings in Viet Nam; (vi) the promotion of non-fired brick production and utilisation in Viet Nam; (vii) the low carbon agricultural support programme; (viii) the biogas programme for the livestock sector in Viet Nam in the period of 2016-2020; and (ix) the UN-REDD Viet Nam programme phase II.

The above-mentioned activities and projects have obtained some quantitative achievements on GHG emission reduction and co-benefits such as contributing to sustainable development; encouraging and facilitating investments of the private sector in GHG emission reduction; promoting the use of new energy sources and RE; and raising awareness of climate change response, etc. Updates on the performance of inter-sectoral and sub-sectoral GHG emission reduction actions and projects by sectors reported in BUR2 are presented in Annex 3-1.

3.3.3. Newly implemented activities for reducing GHG emission

Since the submission of BUR2 to the UNFCCC, apart from promulgating policies on responding to climate change, Viet Nam has developed and implemented many GHG emission reduction actions and projects in different fields.

(1). NAMAs

‘NAMA in high-rise residential buildings’ co-developed by MOC and GIZ was submitted to the NAMA Facility in September 2020 for the first time to promote the transition to low emission in high-rise residential buildings for middle-class residents in Viet Nam with the focus on new buildings. Through the implementation of appropriate emission reduction measures, the project aims at contributing to the achievement of GHG emission reduction targets of Viet Nam. Details on the project can be found in Annex 3-2.

(2). GHG emission reduction actions

a) Inter-sectoral GHG emission reduction activity ‘Support to Viet Nam for the implementation of the Paris Agreement’ is a project co-implemented by the MONRE, other ministries, sectors, and the People’s Committees of Ha Tinh and Quang Binh provinces to strengthen the national legal framework and capacity for supporting the implementation of the Paris Agreement and NDCs. The project plans to develop 05 NAMA proposals in agriculture, transport, construction, and domestic investment. Details on the project can be found in Annex 3-3.

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b) GHG emission reduction activities by sector:

- Energy and industry: (i) promotion of the adoption and operation of energy-efficient industrial boilers in Viet Nam; (ii) RE development project; (iii) Viet Nam low emission energy programmme; (iv) promotion of the market of investments in energy saving and effciency in the industrial sector of Viet Nam; (v) the Danish-Vietnamese energy partnership programme; (vi) RE and energy efficiency programme, phase 2; (vii) the ASEAN low carbon energy programme; (viii) climate protection through sustainable bioenergy market in Viet Nam; and (ix) smart grid project for RE and energy efficiency.

- AFOLU: (i) the Viet Nam sustainable agriculture transformation project; (ii) sustainable rice production and GHG emission reduction in Thai Binh province; (iii) the Viet Nam forest and delta programme, phase 3; (iv) the Scheme on emission reduction and transfer of emission reduction rights in the northern Central region; (v) sustainable management of natural resources; (vi) the protection and integrated management of forest ecosystems in Quang Nam, Kon Tum and Gia Lai provinces; (vii) the Project on sustainable forest management and biodiversity to reduce CO2 emissions; (viii) Supporting the readiness for REDD+ in Viet Nam, phase 2; and (ix) improving the resilience to climate change impacts of vulnerable coastal communities in Viet Nam - mangrove planting component.

Detailed information is presented in Annex 3-4 and 3-5.

(3). Local GHG emission reduction activities

At the local level, GHG emission reduction activities have usually been carried out in the following main forms:

- To participate in national or regional GHG emission reduction projects. The amount of GHG emission reduction from these activities will be included in that of the regional or national projects in which the locality is involved;

- To implement local small-scaled pilot activities such as the pilot of incinerator technology for reduced domestic waste landfill; pilot of the use of 4-wheel electric vehicles to transport tourists; the use of LEDs for fishing, etc.

- To perform investment activities for public and private projects, for example, RE, small-sized hydro power, wind power, solar power, waste-to-energy; forest protection and development projects, etc.

- GHG emission reductions from local small-scaled pilot activities as well as public and private investment projects have not been estimated.

(4) General assessment

The above-mentioned GHG emission reduction activities and projects have mainly been implemented with international support with transparent information on GHG emission reductions during the project life cycle, mainly in the sectors of energy and AFOLU. However, some limitations in estimating GHG emission reduction impacts of the mentioned activities and projects have been found as follows:

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- No corresponding assessments and adjustments of GHG emission reductions to generate credits traded on the international carbon market (such as credits from REDP, schemes of emission reduction, and transfer of emission reduction rights in the norther Central region) are available;

- Some projects only estimated GHG emission reductions during the project implementation period, but failed to assess emission reductions from the activities after project completion (life cycle assessment);

- Some projects only estimated GHG emission reductions without actual assessment of achieved GHG emission reductions;

- Some mitigation activities have not been able to quantify GHG emission reductions yet (Annex 3-5);

- The reported activities only focus on internationally funded activities, while no specific reports related to GHG emission reductions from domestic activities, including policy-based activities and others at the local level, are available.

The implementation of GHG emission reduction activities and projects produce co-benefits and certain benefits for climate change adaptation and contribute to Viet Nam’s progress in achieving SDGs. Some of the co-benefits include contributing to reducing environmental pollution, reducing the use of fossil fuels, promoting sustainable development, protecting and sustaining ecological services and conserving biodiversity; encouraging and facilitating both community and private sector investments in GHG emission reductions; raising awareness and capacity building; creating jobs and incomes for people from GHG emission reduction activities; enhancing technology transfer and autonomy, improving competitiveness of the industrial sector; and improving consumer health and behaviours.

3.4. Market mechanisms

3.4.1. CDM

By December 2020, Viet Nam had successfully registered 271 CDM projects including 258 projects of activities (PA) and 13 programmes of activities (PoAs). Viet Nam currently ranks fourth in the world in the number of successfully registered CDM projects, accounting for 3.31% of total registered CDM projects.

Among the successfully registered projects, hydropower accounts for a large proportion, 204 projects; waste, 30 projects; biomass, 18 projects; energy efficiency, 07 projects; wind power, 06 projects, solar power, 04 projects; forestry, 01 project; and associated gas, 01 project. The proportion of CDM projects registered by sector is shown in the figure below:

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Figure 3.1. CDM project types registered by sectors.Sources: https://cdm.unfccc.int/

A total of 78 projects have received certified emission reductions (CERs) in Viet Nam, including 60 hydropower projects, 12 waste projects, 02 wind power projects, 01 biomass project, 01 energy efficiency project, 01 solar power project and 01 associated gas project. The total number of CERs issued for these projects is 25,485,098.

The proportion of CERs issued by sector is shown in the figure below:

Figure 3.2. CERs issued by sector.

Sources: https://cdm.unfccc.int/

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Since the submission of its BUR2, Viet Nam has reached an additional 7,692,066 CERs issued, 06 CDM newly-registered projects, including 03 PAs and 03 PoAs with expected annual GHG emission reductions of 553,053 tCO2e/year.

3.4.2 JCM

By December 2020, Viet Nam had 14 successfully registered JCM projects, accounting for 21.9% of the total number of registered JCM projects in the world, ranking second in terms of the number of projects successfully registered. The total emission reduction potential of 14 projects by 2020 had been 17,618 tCO2e. Of which, eight projects have been issued with a total of 4,415 JCM credits, representing 5.1% of the total credits issued in the world, ranking fourth in the number of credits issued, of which 1,724 credits belong to Viet Nam.

Since the submission of BUR2, Viet Nam has had 10 more newly-registered projects and a reduction of 4,415 tCO2e achieved through JCM.

3.4.3. Gold Standard

By December 2020, Viet Nam had had 24 projects successfully registered with the Gold Standard (GS), including 22 PAs and 02 PoAs, including 15 hydropower projects; 02 solar power projects, 03 wind power projects, 03 waste projects and 01 project in the energy efficiency sector. The proportion of projects registered under the GS is shown in the figure below:

Figure 3.3. Projects successfully registered under GS in Viet Nam by sector.Sources: https://registry.goldstandard.org

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Among the 24 successfully registered projects, 11 projects include 10 PAs and 01 PoAs projects were issued is 4,909,354 GS credits.

Since the submission of BUR2, Viet Nam has had 06 more successfully registered projects (Nam Ngan hydropower, BIM solar power, AMI Khanh Hoa solar power, Nam Gion hydropower, BMI solar power and accelerating clean cooking solutions in the Mekong region - Viet Nam VPA03 - Viet Nam VPA03) and a reduction of 3,588,180 tCO2e in emissions has been achieved through the GS mechanism.

3.4.4. VCS

By December 2020, 22 projects in Viet Nam had been registered under VCS, accounting for 1.3% of a total of 1,676 certified VCS projects globally. 18 projects have been issued with CERs with a total of 629,934 credits.

Since the BUR2 submission, Viet Nam has registered 07 more VCS projects (Song Lo 4 hydropower plant and 06 solar power projects) and issued 26,517 more VCUs.

3.4.5. International RE certificate (I-REC) schemes

I-REC is a transaction mechanism used to achieve voluntary RE consumption objectives or to comply with policy requirements on RE utilisation rates.

By December 2020, a total of 51 RE projects in Viet Nam had been successfully registered with a total capacity of 1,357.26 MW.

A total of 2,199,751 I-RECs were issued to Viet Nam from 2015 to 2019. The annual number of I-RECs that Viet Nam has received is shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2. Number of I-RECs achieved by Viet Nam year after year

Year I-RECs received

2015 59,522

2016 196,193

2017 315,854

2018 869,578

2019 758,604

Total 2,199,751

Sources: I-REC System Management Board.

(https://irecstandard.org).

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Chương 3. Các hoạt động giảm nhẹ phát thải khí nhà kính và tác động

CHAPTER 4MRV FOR MITIGATION

4.1 Requirements for the establishment of MRV system

4.2 General principles for establishment of MRV systems

4.3 Establishment of MRV system

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Chapter 4 . MRV for Mitigation

4.1. Requirements for the establishment of MRV system

The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in Paris, France in 2015, is the first global legally binding framework on responsibilities for GHG emission reduction of all Parties to the UNFCCC. After three years of negotiations, from 2015 to 2018, the Parties agreed upon the guidance on the implementation of the Paris Agreement, named the Katowice climate package, at COP24 in Poland [48].

An important content of the Katowice climate package is the guidance on the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement and Decision 1/CP.21, including the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the transparency framework for action and support. This is mandatory for Parties to the Paris Agreement.

According to the Katowice climate package, mitigation actions that are parts of the national efforts will be monitored in each specific activities during the commitment period, including GHG inventory and MRV system as per the UNFCCC guidance.

4.2. General principles for establishment of MRV systems

The updated NDC of Viet Nam was submitted to the UNFCCC, with an increase in climate change response contributions [18]. To meet the UNFCCC requirements for implementing the updated NDC in the 2021-2030 period, the regulations on the national MRV system for mitigation actions must ensure transparency, accuracy and consistency; apply the latest IPCC guidelines for mitigation actions, reflecting Viet Nam’s efforts to respond to global climate change.

So far, Viet Nam has not had a legal binding document defining in detail responsibilities of ministries, sectors, localities, organisations, and individuals for monitoring mitigation actions to achieve the Government’s targets and international commitments. The MRV system for mitigation actions will have positive impacts on the GHG emitters, providing incentives for new investments in both climate change mitigation and response.

The MRV system for mitigation actions will provide an effective tool for the governance of ministries, sectors and localities, and ensure that the GHG emission reductions will be

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recognised. Additionally, the sectoral MRV systems will address the lack of consistency, connectivity, integration and alignment in the GHG emission reduction targets, as well as ensuring accuracy and transparency for the country’s responsibilities and overall interests. The MRV system will also serve as a legal basis for the establishment and development of the carbon market, piloting the carbon credit and quota trading system, applying carbon pricing tools in line with national conditions and international practices.

The establishment of MRV systems at all levels requires the participation of minisitries, sectors and localities [49]. The MRV system should be established based on the following principles:

1. To be established based on the orientations and direction of national legal documents;

2. To ensure consistency for management agencies of specific functions and tasks at different scales and levels to strive for a common goal and mission;

3. To ensuring the effectiveness on a basis of reviewing functions and tasks of each level in the state management on climate change mitigation; and

4. To ensuring the suitability with capabilities of state management agencies and objective factors of the practice.

4.3. Establishment of MRV system

4.3.1. National MRV system

Implementing the Decision No.2053/QD-TTg [49], MONRE has taken lead and worked with relevant ministries, sectors and agencies to draft the Prime Minister decision promulgating the regulations on the national MRV system for mitigation activities.

The draft decision is prepared with a vision to establish the national MRV system, unify the regulations on content, roles and responsibilities of relevant agencies and organisations taking part in mitigation activities; ensure the accuracy, transparency, continuity and consistency of GHG emission reduction results as per current Vietnamese regulations and UNFCCC guidelines; ensure sufficient capacity to manage and monitor GHG emission reduction activities for domestic management and oversee the implementation of GHG emission reduction targets in the updated NDC of Viet Nam.

The MRV system is established to identify the emission levels, mitigation potentials to facilitate the development of national reports on mitigation, GHG emission reduction plans, domestic carbon credit trading and international contributions; evaluate the effectiveness of domestic GHG emission reduction activities and international commitments; and enhance the transparency of domestic mitigation activities and contributions to global effort.

Roles and responsibilities of relevant agencies and organisations:

a) MONRE is the national focal point of the national MRV system.

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b) MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD, and MONRE are in charge of developing and implementing the sectoral MRV system under their management.

c) Relevant ministries and the People’s Committees of provinces and centrally-run cities are coordinating agencies for the implementation of the national MRV system.

d) Listed entities are required to conduct GHG inventory as prescribed by the law and relevant organisations are required to conduct MRV as per the guidelines of related ministries.

Contents and tasks in MRV for mitigation activities:

a) Issuing MRV procedures

MONRE is the leading agency that coordinates with relevant ministries, namely MOIT, MOT, MOC, and MARD to issue:

(i) methodologies to measure GHG emission reductions in accordance with UNFCCC guidelines; and

(ii) the MRV procedure for national GHG emission reductions.

MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD, and MONRE are responsible for organising and guiding the MRV procedure for GHG emission reductions under their management.

b) Measuring GHG emission reduction performance

Listed entities required to conduct GHG inventory and relevant organisations are responsible for measuring the GHG emission reductions, following the methodologies and procedures provided by MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD and MONRE.

MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD, and MONRE are responsible for:

(i) Synthesising the measurements of GHG emission reductions; inspecting and monitoring the mitigation activities of sectors and fields under their management; and

(ii) Cooperating with MPI to collect relevant data and information to measure mitigation activities.

c) Reporting results of mitigation activities

MOIT, MOT, MOC, and MARD are responsible for working with MONRE to develop, review and evaluate the sectoral GHG emission reduction results from reports of fields and entities under their management, and submit results to MONRE for synthesising and reporting to the Prime Minister.

Listed entities required to conduct GHG inventory and relevant organisations have to report mitigation results as per the guidance of MONRE, MOIT, MOT, MOC, and MARD.

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MONRE is responsible for:

(i) Developing the report on GHG emission reductions under its management;

(ii) Reviewing and synthesising the GHG emission reductions at the sectoral and local levels to report to the Prime Minister; and

(iii) Developing national reports on GHG emission reduction, reporting to the Prime Minister, and submitting the reports to the UNFCCC as per the regulations, meeting requirements and obligations of a Party to the UNFCCC.

d) Verifying results of GHG emission reduction

Listed entities required to conduct GHG inventory and relevant organisations conduct assessments on mitigation activities as per regulations and guidance on MRV implementation provided by relevant ministries, namely MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD and MONRE.

MOIT, MOT, MOC, MARD and MONRE organise inspection and supervision of mitigation activities of listed entities required to conduct GHG inventory under their management.

e) Developing and operating MRV information website and database

MONRE takes lead and works with ministries and sectors to develop and operate an MRV information website and database for the purposes of monitoring and updating.

The MRV system for national and sectoral mitigation activities is specifically proposed in Figure 4.1.

UNFCCC SECRETARIAT

VIETNAM’S GOVERNMENT

MONRE

LINE MINISTRIES PROVINCES, CITIES

Factories and business establishmentsto implement GHG mitigation and GHG inventory

Coordinate monitoring, supervision

Review,evaluation of ICA

Submit a national report

Appraisal of the GHG inventory,sectoral GHG mitigaiton, synthesizeand submit to the Prime Minister

Appraisal of GHGmitigation at entity level,submit report to MONRE

Lead, coordinate with Ministries, localities to conduct national GHG inventory,

allocate national GHG mitigation target, submit to the Prime Minister

Conduct GHG inventory and GHG mitigation at

entity level

Implement GHG mitigation as allocated by the

Government or voluntarrily

Review, approve the national mitigation target, promulgate the national GHG

inventory and MRV system

Figure 4.1. Proposed organisational chart of the MRV system.

78


4.3.2. Sectoral MRV system

Since 2017, MONRE has worked with ministries, sectors and localities, especially MOIT, MOT, MOC and MARD to develop and implement a number of projects and programmes related to the MRV system at all levels.

The above ministries are the leading agencies in the development and implementation of the MRV system for mitigation under their management, guiding the MRV of mitigation results, synthesising the measurement of GHG emission reductions; overseeing and supervising the implementation of sectoral mitigation activities under their management to submit the results to MONRE for synthesising and reporting to the Prime Minister.

In order to support the development of MRV systems, several projects and programmes have been implemented to support ministries and sectors in developing legal documents on the MRV system, as shown in the following table.

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Tabl

e 4.

1. P

roje

cts

and

prog

ram

mes

rel

ated

to M

RV s

yste

ms

at th

e se

ctor

al/l

ocal

leve

l

No.

Nam

e of

the

proj

ect/

prog

ram

Fund

ing

Agen

cyM

RV-r

elat

ed o

bjec

tives

(E

xpec

ted)

Out

com

es

1En

ergy

sec

tor

1.1

Low

ca

rbon

en

ergy

de

velo

pmen

t pr

ogra

mm

e (2

020-

2022

) by

MOI

T

The

UK

Gov

ernm

ent

Dev

elop

ing

an M

RV s

yste

m f

or e

nerg

y sa

ving

an

d ef

ficie

ncy

for

the

seaf

ood

proc

essi

ng

and

beve

rage

pr

oduc

tion

indu

strie

s

Prop

osin

g th

e M

RV s

yste

m fo

r be

er a

nd b

ever

age

prod

uctio

n ac

tiviti

es

1.2

Prom

otin

g en

ergy

savi

ng a

nd

effic

ienc

y fo

r in

dust

ries

in

Viet

N

am

(201

9-20

24)

by

MOI

T

GCF

/WB

Dev

elop

gui

delin

es fo

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

en

ergy

co

nsum

ptio

n st

anda

rds

and

an M

RV s

yste

m f

or e

nerg

y sa

ving

and

ef

ficie

ncy

for s

ome

sub-

indu

strie

s

Gui

delin

es f

or t

he i

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

stan

dard

s an

d M

RV s

yste

m f

or e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n fo

r th

e ch

emic

al, s

teel

, pap

er, a

nd p

last

ic s

ub-in

dust

ries.

1.3

Tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

to

th

e So

uthe

ast

Asia

En

ergy

Se

ctor

's

Dev

elop

men

t an

d In

vest

men

t Pl

anni

ng

Fund

(2

016-

2020

) by

MOI

T

ADB

Prop

osin

g th

e pr

ovin

ce/c

ity-

leve

l M

RV s

yste

m f

or e

nerg

y sa

ving

and

effi

cien

cy a

ctiv

ities

for

sev

eral

pro

vinc

es a

nd

cent

rally

-run

citi

es s

uch

as H

anoi

, Qua

ng N

inh,

Hai

Pho

ng,

Qua

ng N

am, D

a N

ang,

and

Can

Tho

2Tr

ansp

ort s

ecto

r

2.1

Inte

grat

ing

miti

gatio

n in

na

tiona

l in

frast

ruct

ure,

th

e en

ergy

and

tra

nspo

rt se

ctor

s w

ithin

the

scop

e of

the

Clea

n Te

chno

logy

Fu

nd

(CTF

) (2

016-

2020

) by

MON

RE

ADB

- St

reng

then

cap

acity

and

coo

rdin

atio

n be

twee

n M

ONRE

and

rel

evan

t ag

enci

es

rega

rdin

g th

e de

velo

pmen

t an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of

the

MRV

sy

stem

, en

surin

g th

at

CTF-

fund

ed

proj

ect

impl

emen

ting

agen

cies

ca

n re

port

the

proj

ect

resu

lts a

s pe

r th

e re

quire

men

ts o

f th

e CT

F.

- D

evel

opin

g th

e M

RV s

yste

m f

or u

rban

rai

lway

pro

ject

s fu

nded

by

CTF;

- Dev

elop

ing

the

MRV

syst

em fo

r ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y pr

ojec

ts in

Vi

et N

am, i

nclu

ding

CTF

-fund

ed p

roje

cts;

- Pro

posi

ng a

n in

stitu

tiona

l sys

tem

to im

plem

ent M

RV fo

r CTF

-fu

nded

pro

ject

s;

80


No.

Nam

e of

the

proj

ect/

prog

ram

Fund

ing

Agen

cyM

RV-r

elat

ed o

bjec

tives

(E

xpec

ted)

Out

com

es

D

evel

op

MRV

gu

idel

ines

fo

r CT

F-fu

nded

pro

ject

s, a

s w

ell a

s ur

ban

railw

ay

and

ener

gy

effic

ienc

y pr

ojec

ts

in

the

pow

er d

istri

butio

n se

ctor

. At

the

sam

e tim

e, s

treng

then

ing

the

inst

itutio

nal

and

tech

nica

l cap

acity

and

coo

rdin

atio

n of

the

rele

vant

age

ncie

s.

- Pr

opos

ing

an i

nstit

utio

nal

syst

em f

or M

RV i

mpl

emen

tatio

n fo

r urb

an ra

ilway

and

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y pr

ojec

ts in

the

pow

er

dist

ribut

ion

sect

or;

- Or

gani

zing

04

train

ing

cour

ses,

05

sem

inar

s, a

nd p

rovi

ding

pu

blic

atio

ns in

ord

er to

stre

ngth

en th

e ca

paci

ty to

impl

emen

t M

RV a

nd c

oord

inat

e m

itiga

tion

activ

ities

for

urb

an r

ailw

ay

and

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

pro

ject

s in

the

pow

er d

istri

butio

n se

ctor

.

2.2

Supp

ortin

g M

OT

to

impl

emen

t N

DC

of

Viet

N

am

unde

r th

e pr

ojec

t “N

DC

Tran

spor

t Ini

tiativ

e fo

r As

ia”

(202

0-20

23) b

y M

OT

GIZ

Dev

elop

ing

the

MRV

sy

stem

fo

r th

e tra

nspo

rt se

ctor

, in

clud

ing

road

, ra

ilway

, in

land

wat

erw

ay, m

ariti

me,

and

avi

atio

n.

- M

RV m

etho

dolo

gy f

or m

itiga

tion

activ

ities

in

the

trans

port

sect

or;

- Ele

ctro

nic

MRV

sys

tem

in th

e tra

nspo

rt se

ctor

;

- G

uida

nce

on c

olle

ctin

g M

RV d

ata

in t

he t

rans

port

sect

or,

incl

udin

g ro

ad,

railw

ay,

inla

nd w

ater

way

, m

ariti

me,

and

av

iatio

n;

- Leg

al d

ocum

ents

rela

ted

to th

e el

ectro

nic

MRV

sys

tem

.

3Ag

ricu

lture

and

fore

stry

sec

tors

3.1

Enha

ncin

g N

AMA

read

ines

s:

Build

ing

capa

city

in

in

tegr

ated

foo

d an

d en

ergy

sy

stem

s in

Vie

t Nam

(201

5-20

18) b

y M

ARD

FAO

Dev

elop

ing

the

MRV

sys

tem

for

the

sub

-se

ctor

s of

cul

tivat

ion

and

husb

andr

yPr

opos

ing

the

MRV

sys

tem

for

the

sub

-sec

tors

of

culti

vatio

n an

d hu

sban

dry

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No.

Nam

e of

the

proj

ect/

prog

ram

Fund

ing

Agen

cyM

RV-r

elat

ed o

bjec

tives

(E

xpec

ted)

Out

com

es

4Ur

ban

cons

truc

tion

and

infr

astr

uctu

re s

ecto

rs

4.1

Capa

city

bu

ildin

g an

d su

ppor

t to

de

velo

p ac

tion

plan

s on

G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n in

th

e ce

men

t m

anuf

actu

ring

sect

or in

Vie

t N

am (2

012-

2023

) by

MOC

Nor

dic

Dev

elop

men

t Fu

nd

Dev

elop

ing

the

MRV

sy

stem

fo

r th

e ce

men

t pro

duct

ion

sect

orPr

opos

ing

the

MRV

sys

tem

for t

he c

emen

t pro

duct

ion

sect

or

4.2

Supp

ortin

g Vi

et

Nam

to

im

plem

ent

the

Paris

Ag

reem

ent

- Co

nstru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es

(201

2-20

23)

by

MOC

GIZ

Esta

blis

hmen

t of

th

e M

RV

syst

em

for

cons

truct

ion

wor

ksM

RV s

yste

m fo

r con

stru

ctio

n w

orks

is e

stab

lishe

d

5At

loca

l lev

el

5.1

Supp

ortin

g th

e pl

anni

ng a

nd

impl

emen

tatio

n of

N

AMAs

(2

015-

2019

) by

MON

RE

JICA

Enha

ncin

g ca

paci

ty fo

r Min

istri

es, s

ecto

rs,

loca

litie

s, a

nd st

akeh

olde

rs in

the

plan

ning

an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of N

AMAs

thr

ough

pi

lotin

g N

AMAs

on

low

car

bon

citie

s.

Ho

Chi M

inh

city

has

ach

ieve

d th

e fo

llow

ing

mai

n ou

tcom

es:

- Pi

lotin

g M

RV f

or m

itiga

tion

and

GH

G i

nven

tory

act

iviti

es

in s

ecto

rs s

uch

as e

nerg

y, tr

ansp

ort a

nd w

aste

man

agem

ent;

- Pi

lotin

g M

RV a

nd s

elec

ting

low

-car

bon

tech

nolo

gies

for

se

apor

ts;

- Pr

opos

ing

proc

edur

es fo

r G

HG

inve

ntor

y, M

RV p

roce

dure

s fo

r miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es;

- D

evel

opin

g re

sear

ch r

epor

ts t

o up

date

act

ion

plan

s in

re

spon

se

to

clim

ate

chan

ge

for

loca

l st

ate

man

agem

ent

agen

cies

.

5.2

Supp

ortin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of

the

natio

nal

GH

G

redu

ctio

n ro

adm

ap

to

achi

eve

the

ND

C ta

rget

s (2

019-

2020

) by

MON

RE

JICA

Pilo

ting

GH

G i

nven

tory

act

iviti

es,

MRV

of

miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd d

evel

opin

g th

e G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

plan

in

Ho

Chi

Min

h Ci

ty

82


4.3.3. MRV system at entity level

According to the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection, the Prime Minister will issue a list of sectors and entities required to conduct GHG inventories, which will be updated every two years based on their emission contributions to national total GHG emissions, socio-economic conditions and situations; fuel consumption, energy per unit of production, service provided for production and business entities.

Following the above regulations, listed entities are responsible for conducting GHG inventories, developing and maintaining a GHG emission database, and submitting the results every two years to MONRE for synthesising and preparing the national GHG inventory report. At the same time, listed entities will have to conduct GHG inventories, as well as developing and implementing GHG reduction plans on a yearly basis; integrating GHG emission reduction activities into their quality management, cleaner production and environmental protection programmes, and report annually the results to MONRE, relevant ministries, and provincial People’s Committees.

Entities required to conduct GHG inventories are also responsible for the implementation of GHG emission reduction activities as per the guidance and technical guideline on MRV provided by relevant ministries. The regulations will comply with Vietnamese laws and general principles for the MRV system, which follows the ETF of the UNFCCC.

4.3.4. Plan for developing and completing MRV system

According to the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection, the Chapter on climate change response provides specific provisions on the MRV system at all levels. It represents Viet Nam’s efforts to ensure the transparency of domestic GHG mitigation activities and to monitor GHG emission reduction targets in its NDC.

The operation of the MRV system at all levels will be specified in sub-law documents such as decrees, Prime Minister decisions, circulars, and technical guidelines issued by relevant state management agencies. After defining the responsibilities and functions of state management agencies, the MRV system will be developed into an online system, applying information technology and digital transformation to ensure its transparency.

The MRV system is closely related to the national GHG inventory system, which was issued by the Prime Minister under the Decision No.2359/2015/QD-TTg [9]. According to the plan, the national GHG inventory system and the MRV system will be completed in 2021.

CHAPTER 5OTHER INFORMATION

5.1 Difficulties, gaps and directions for rectification

5.2 Demand for financial, technical, technological support and capacity building for mitigation activities

5.3 Information on efforts to achieve UN goals

5.4 Information on received assistance

84

Chapter 5 . Other information

5.1. Difficulties, gaps and directions for rectification

In the 2017-2020 period, Viet Nam brought into full play domestic resources and mobilised international supports, overcoming the difficulties and gaps identified in its TNC and BUR2.

5.1.1. Conducting GHG inventory

Activities and solutions to overcome the difficulties and gaps encountered in conducting the national GHG inventory are shown in the following table.

Table 5.1. Evaluating activities and solutions to overcome difficulties and gaps encountered in national GHG inventory

No. Difficulties, gaps

Status of rectification Evaluation Proposed solutions

I. Difficulties and gaps identified in BUR2 and TNC1 Lacking

primary data sources

Partly - Some activities to survey and collect data at the grassroots level have been implemented in some localities.

- Cooperation between the DCC, MONRE (the focal point) and relevant units in other Ministries and sectors has been enhanced.

- Build a system for collecting and consolidating data at the grassroots level.

- Define the responsibilities of the Ministries, sectors, and localities in providing information and data.

2 Inconsistency in operational data collected from various sources

Not yet in place

A system for collecting and consolidating consistent data at the grassroots level among relevant agencies has not yet been established.


- Develop a mechanism for sharing of information and data among ministries, agencies, and localities.

3 No established set of country-specific emission factors

On-going - Some studies on country-specific emission factors are being conducted.

- Resources to develop a set of country-specific emission factors are lacked.

Develop country-specific emission factors according to an appropriate roadmap.

85


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No. Difficulties, gaps

Status of rectification Evaluation Proposed solutions

4 Limited cooperation in operational information and data sharing between relevant parties

Partly - Surveying and data collecting activities at the grassroots level have been implemented in some localities.

- Cooperation between the DCC MONRE (the focal point) and relevant units in other ministries and sectors has been enhanced.


- Build a mechanism of information and data sharing among ministries, agencies, and localities.

II. Newly arisen difficulties and gaps

1 Organisational structure in national GHG inventory

Partly - The national GHG inventory has not been operating effectively.

- Regulations on the responsibilities, functions, and tasks of ministries and sectors for the implementation of national GHG inventory and sectoral GHG inventory are still lacked.

- Develop and promulgate legal documents specifying the functions and tasks of ministries and sectors in implementing national GHG inventory and sectoral GHG inventory in the 2020 Law on Environmental Protection and by-law documents.

2 Difficulties in applying the 2006 IPCC Guidelines

Partly - Capacity of staff is limited.

- Difficulties are faced in collecting data to meet the requirements of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

- Strengthen staff capacity on the application of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines through training courses.

- Strengthen the capacity of relevant units and staff of the GSO in collecting data to meet the requirements of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

3 Difficulties in establishing continuous time series data on GHG inventory

Partly, including recalculation of GHG inventory results for 2010 and 2014.

The operational data in storage for GHG inventory is still missing.

- Strengthen staff capacity to research, investigate and adjust the data for the recalculation of GHG inventory results.

- Conduct research and investigation to overcome data insufficiency, meeting the establishment of the continuous time series data on GHG inventory.

86


5.1.

2. D

evel

opin

g an

d im

plem

entin

g m

itiga

tion

activ

ities

Activ

ities

to o

verc

ome

the

diffi

culti

es a

nd g

aps

enco

unte

red

in d

evel

opin

g an

d im

plem

entin

g m

itiga

tion

actio

ns a

re s

how

n in

the

bello

w ta

ble.

Tabl

e 5.

2. E

valu

atio

n of

act

iviti

es to

ove

rcom

e di

fficu

lties

and

gap

s en

coun

tere

d in

dev

elop

ing

and

impl

emen

ting

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

TTD

iffic

ultie

s, g

aps

Stat

us o

f re

ctifi

catio

nEv

alua

tion

Solu

tions

I. D

iffic

ultie

s an

d ga

ps id

entif

ied

in B

UR2

and

TNC

1N

o av

aila

ble

spec

ific

tech

nica

l gu

idel

ines

an

d m

odel

s ap

prop

riate

to

do

mes

tic

cond

ition

s to

ev

alua

te

and

deve

lop

miti

gatio

n op

tions

fo

r so

me

sect

ors

Partl

y-

Issu

e so

me

guid

elin

es i

n de

velo

ping

miti

gatio

n pr

ojec

ts.

- D

evel

op

feas

ibili

ty

repo

rts

for

NAM

A im

plem

enta

tion

in s

ome

sect

ors

and

field

s.

- Is

sue

guid

elin

es

on

deve

lopi

ng

miti

gatio

n pr

ojec

ts u

nder

the

CDM

and

JCM

fram

ewor

ks.

- La

ck d

etai

led

tech

nica

l gu

idan

ce f

or a

sses

sing

th

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of m

itiga

tion

optio

ns.

- Re

sear

ch a

nd d

evel

op d

omes

tic g

uide

lines

for

the

as

sess

men

t and

dev

elop

men

t of m

itiga

tion

proj

ects

.

- Ta

ke a

dvan

tage

of

avai

labl

e gu

idel

ines

for

sim

ilar

proj

ects

und

er t

he c

urre

ntly

app

lied

mec

hani

sms

such

as

CDM

and

JCM

.

2M

RV s

yste

m a

t al

l le

vels

and

se

ctor

s not

bee

n of

ficia

lly fo

rmed

Partl

y-

Regu

latio

ns o

n M

RV s

yste

m fo

r m

itiga

tion

wer

e de

velo

ped

in th

e 20

20 L

aw o

n th

e En

viro

nmen

tal

Prot

ectio

n ad

opte

d in

Nov

embe

r 202

0.

- Th

e dr

aft

Dec

isio

n of

the

Prim

e M

inis

ter

on

the

regu

latio

n of

the

nat

iona

l M

RV s

yste

m f

or

miti

gatio

n ha

s be

en d

evel

oped

and

sub

mitt

ed t

o th

e Pr

ime

Min

iste

r for

issu

ance

in 2

021.

- Iss

ue th

e na

tiona

l MRV

sys

tem

for m

itiga

tion.

- Re

sear

ch

and

deve

lop

cons

iste

nt

MRV

sy

stem

op

erat

iona

l gui

delin

es a

t all

leve

ls u

nder

the

natio

nal

MRV

sys

tem

.

87


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

TTD

iffic

ultie

s, g

aps

Stat

us o

f re

ctifi

catio

nEv

alua

tion

Solu

tions

3Fi

nanc

ial r

esou

rces

and

fina

ncia

l m

echa

nism

s to

en

cour

age

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

m

itiga

tion

optio

ns la

cked

Partl

y-

Issu

e pr

efer

entia

l m

echa

nism

s fo

r re

new

able

en

ergi

es s

uch

as w

ind

and

sola

r pow

er.

- Pilo

t car

bon

mar

ket f

or s

olid

was

te m

anag

emen

t an

d st

eel p

rodu

ctio

n.

- The

num

ber o

f RE

proj

ects

incr

ease

s ra

pidl

y.

- No s

peci

fic re

gula

tions

in p

lace

on G

HG

inve

ntor

y re

sults

repo

rt at

the

sect

oral

and

gra

ssro

ots l

evel

s of

high

em

issi

ons

as b

ases

for

the

deve

lopm

ent a

nd

issu

ance

of

finan

cial

mec

hani

sms

to e

ncou

rage

im

plem

enta

tion

of m

itiga

tion

optio

ns.

- Mec

hani

sms t

o m

obili

se c

apita

l fro

m th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

is la

cked

.

- Dev

elop

and

issu

e sp

ecifi

c re

gula

tions

on

miti

gatio

n at

sec

tora

l an

d gr

assr

oots

lev

els

as t

he b

asis

for

th

e de

velo

pmen

t an

d en

forc

emen

t of

fin

anci

al

mec

hani

sms,

and

to

enco

urag

e th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of m

itiga

tion

optio

ns.

- Dev

elop

regu

latio

ns o

n re

porti

ng G

HG

inve

ntor

ies.

- Re

sear

ch,

deve

lop

and

issu

e m

echa

nism

s an

d po

licie

s to

mob

ilise

cap

ital f

rom

the

priv

ate

sect

or fo

r m

itiga

tion.

- Re

sear

ch,

deve

lop

and

issu

e m

arke

t-bas

ed

mec

hani

sms

as th

e fo

unda

tion

for

the

priv

ate

sect

or

to p

artic

ipat

e in

and

mob

ilise

cap

ital f

or m

itiga

tion.

II. N

ewly

ari

sen

diffi

culti

es a

nd g

aps

1Li

mita

tions

in

as

sess

ing

the

impa

ct o

f nat

iona

l pol

icy

actio

ns

on m

itiga

tion

Partl

y-

Som

e na

tiona

l pol

icie

s do

not

hav

e qu

antit

ativ

e in

form

atio

n an

d ob

ject

ives

on

GH

G e

mis

sion

m

itiga

tion.

- The

re a

re n

o gu

idel

ines

for a

sses

sing

the

impa

ct

of p

olic

ies

on G

HG

em

issi

on m

itiga

tion.

- Dev

elop

a sy

stem

for r

epor

ting

the

resu

lts o

f pro

ject

s w

ith p

oten

tial f

or e

mis

sion

miti

gatio

n.

- Es

tabl

ish

a co

mm

on

data

sy

stem

on

th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of

polic

ies

on

GH

G

emis

sion

m

itiga

tion

carr

ied

out

by m

inis

tries

, se

ctor

s, a

nd

loca

litie

s.

- In

tegr

ate

the

asse

ssm

ent

of e

mis

sion

miti

gatio

n po

tent

ial i

nto

med

ium

and

long

-term

pla

nnin

g.

88


TTD

iffic

ultie

s, g

aps

Stat

us o

f re

ctifi

catio

nEv

alua

tion

Solu

tions

2As

sess

men

ts

on

quan

tifie

d G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tions

fro

m

miti

gatio

n re

late

d se

ctor

al a

nd

loca

l pol

icie

s no

t bee

n m

ade

Partl

y-

Up-to

-dat

e in

form

atio

n on

res

ults

of

miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es i

mpl

emen

ted

by s

ecto

rs a

nd l

ocal

ities

, es

peci

ally

th

ose

usin

g do

mes

tic

reso

urce

s is

la

cked

.

- As

sess

men

ts o

n m

itiga

tion

co-b

enef

its h

ave

not

been

qua

ntifi

ed y

et.

- Est

ablis

h th

e M

RV sy

stem

for m

itiga

tion

at a

ll le

vels

.

- Rai

se th

e aw

aren

ess o

f min

istri

es, s

ecto

rs, l

ocal

ities

, an

d bu

sine

sses

on

be

nefit

s of

G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n.

- D

evel

op a

sys

tem

for

rep

ortin

g qu

antit

ativ

e G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

ns

of

proj

ects

w

ith

miti

gatio

n po

tent

ial.

3Li

mita

tions

in

inve

stm

ent

in t

he

appl

icat

ion

of c

lean

and

new

te

chno

logi

es

to

redu

ce

GH

G

emis

sion

s

Partl

y-

Som

e m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

are

not

attr

activ

e to

inve

stor

s.

- H

igh

qual

ity h

uman

res

ourc

es f

or r

esea

rchi

ng,

impl

emen

ting,

app

lyin

g, a

nd re

ceiv

ing

miti

gatio

n te

chno

logi

es

have

be

en

insu

ffici

ent

and

inco

mpe

tent

.

- Miti

gatio

n te

chno

logi

es a

re m

ostly

impo

rted

and

take

a lo

ng tr

ansf

er ti

me.

- Est

ablis

h po

licie

s to

enc

oura

ge, a

ttrac

t and

dev

elop

hi

gh-q

ualit

y hu

man

reso

urce

s.

- Stre

ngth

en m

echa

nism

s on

exp

ert e

xcha

nge

to ta

ke

adva

ntag

e of

hig

h qu

ality

hum

an r

esou

rces

in

the

regi

on a

nd th

e w

orld

.

- Pr

omot

e sc

ient

ific

rese

arch

act

iviti

es t

o de

velo

p do

mes

tic

tech

nolo

gies

, tra

nsfe

r an

d ap

ply

tech

nolo

gies

with

miti

gatio

n po

tent

ial.

- Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t in-

dept

h te

chni

cal t

rain

ing

on m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

.

89


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

5.1.

3. T

echn

olog

y tr

ansf

er a

nd a

pplic

atio

n

Activ

ities

to o

verc

ome

the

diffi

culti

es a

nd g

aps

in te

chno

logy

tran

sfer

and

app

licat

ion

are

show

n in

the

bello

w ta

ble.

Tabl

e 5.

3. E

valu

atio

n of

act

iviti

es to

ove

rcom

e di

fficu

lties

and

gap

s en

coun

tere

d in

tech

nolo

gy tr

ansf

er a

nd a

pplic

atio

n

TTD

iffic

ultie

s, g

aps

Stat

us o

f re

ctifi

catio

nEv

alua

tion

Prop

osed

sol

utio

ns

Diff

icul

ties

and

gaps

iden

tifie

d in

BUR

2 an

d TN

C1

Appr

opria

te s

tand

ards

an

d po

licy f

ram

ewor

ks

to

activ

ely

prom

ote

tech

nolo

gy

trans

fer

lack

ed

Partl

y-

The

Law

on

tech

nolo

gy t

rans

fer,

rela

ted

polic

ies,

an

d by

-law

doc

umen

ts h

ave

been

issu

ed.

- M

itiga

tion

has

not

been

inc

luđe

in

the

natio

nal

stan

dard

s fo

r tec

hnol

ogie

s.

- Tec

hnol

ogy

stan

dard

s in

Viet

Nam

rem

ain

diffe

rent

fro

m o

ther

cou

ntrie

s.

- Sup

plem

ent s

uppo

rting

doc

umen

ts to

tran

sfer

tech

nolo

gies

w

ith m

itiga

tion

pote

ntia

l.

- In

tegr

ate

addi

tiona

l co

nten

ts o

n m

itiga

tion

into

the

de

velo

pmen

t an

d pr

omul

gatio

n of

nat

iona

l te

chno

logi

cal

stan

dard

s.

- Co

nsol

idat

e th

e Vi

etna

mes

e na

tiona

l st

anda

rds

for

tech

nolo

gies

with

miti

gatio

n po

tent

ial.

2Ca

paci

ty fo

r rec

eptio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of

adva

nced

te

chno

logi

es li

mite

d

Partl

y-

Polic

ies

to

attra

ct

fore

ign

high

-qua

lity

hum

an

reso

urce

s hav

e be

en p

ilote

d.

- Hum

an re

sour

ces

for t

he re

cept

ion

and

oper

atio

n of

m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

shou

ld b

e fu

rther

stre

ngth

ened

.

- No

mec

hani

sm a

vaila

ble

for t

he e

xper

t exc

hang

e to

in

crea

se th

e qu

antit

y an

d qu

ality

of h

uman

reso

urce

s in

the

regi

on a

nd th

e w

orld

.

- Is

sue

mec

hani

sms

and

polic

ies

on i

nter

natio

nal

expe

rt ex

chan

ge fo

r th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

GH

G e

mis

sion

miti

gatio

n te

chno

logi

es.

- Re

view

, su

pple

men

t an

d pr

omul

gate

pol

icie

s to

attr

act

high

qua

lity

hum

an re

sour

ces

at h

ome

and

abro

ad.

- Stre

ngth

en h

uman

reso

urce

s an

d te

chni

cal c

apac

ities

for

the

rece

ptio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

.

3La

ckin

g co

mm

on

glob

al

guid

elin

es

on

the

deve

lopm

ent

of

mon

itorin

g sy

stem

for

te

chno

logy

tran

sfer.

Not

ye

t in

pl

ace

Tech

nolo

gy

trans

fer

asse

ssm

ent

has

not

been

av

aila

ble

due

to la

ckin

g co

mm

on g

loba

l gui

delin

es

on t

he d

evel

opm

ent

of t

he m

onito

ring

syst

em f

or

tech

nolo

gy tr

ansf

er.

Coun

tries

co

oper

ate

with

th

e UN

FCCC

Se

cret

aria

t to

pr

opos

e th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

com

mon

gui

delin

es (

Crite

ria

Fram

ewor

k) o

n th

e gl

obal

mon

itorin

g sy

stem

for t

echn

olog

y tra

nsfe

r.

90


5.1.

4. B

UR3

deve

lopm

ent

Activ

ities

to o

verc

ome

the

diffi

culti

es a

nd g

aps

enco

unte

red

in B

UR3

deve

lopm

ent a

re s

how

n in

the

bello

w ta

ble.

Tabl

e 5.

4. E

valu

atio

n of

act

iviti

es to

ove

rcom

e di

fficu

lties

and

gap

s en

coun

tere

d in

BUR

3 de

velo

pmen

t

No.

Diff

icul

ties,

gap

sEf

fect

s/Im

pact

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

1N

atio

nal G

HG

inve

ntor

y1.

1Op

erat

iona

l dat

a an

d in

form

atio

n la

cked

or i

ncom

plet

e; s

ome

data

no

t rel

iabl

e en

ough

to b

e us

ed-

The

oper

atio

nal

data

for

GH

G i

nven

tory

of

ficia

lly i

ssue

d by

the

GSO

of

Viet

Nam

ha

s no

t co

mpl

etel

y m

et t

he r

equi

rem

ents

fo

r GH

G in

vent

ory.

- M

any

type

s of

ope

ratio

nal

data

mus

t be

co

llect

ed fr

om th

e sc

ient

ific

rese

arch

resu

lts

of m

inis

tries

and

sec

tors

. Ex

pert

met

hods

ar

e so

met

imes

use

d to

gen

erat

e m

issi

ng

data

and

doc

umen

ts.

- Op

erat

iona

l da

ta

from

m

inis

tries

an

d se

ctor

s (o

ther

than

the

GSO

) is

inco

mpl

ete,

in

cons

iste

nt,

not

up-to

-dat

e, a

nd h

as n

ot

met

the

crite

ria fo

r per

iodi

c G

HG

inve

ntor

y un

der t

he g

uide

lines

of t

he U

NFC

CC.

- Use

exp

ert m

etho

ds.

- Us

e re

sear

ch m

ater

ials

to

acce

ss

mis

sing

info

rmat

ion

and

data

.

- St

reng

then

th

e ca

paci

ty

of

inve

ntor

y st

aff.

- D

evel

op th

e sy

stem

for

colle

ctin

g an

d co

mpi

ling

data

at t

he g

rass

root

s le

vel.

1.2

Lack

ing

coun

try-s

peci

fic e

mis

sion

fact

ors

The

accu

racy

of

GH

G i

nven

tory

res

ults

is

nega

tivel

y af

fect

ed.

- Dev

elop

cou

ntry

-spe

cific

em

issi

on

fact

ors,

gi

ving

pr

iorit

y to

su

b-se

ctor

s th

at a

re th

e m

ain

sour

ces

of

emis

sion

s.

- Us

e do

mes

tical

ly

publ

ishe

d re

sear

ch fi

ndin

gs.

91


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No.

Diff

icul

ties,

gap

sEf

fect

s/Im

pact

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

2M

itiga

tion

actio

ns a

nd th

eir

impa

cts

2.1

Miti

gatio

n re

late

d po

licie

s - S

ome

gene

ral p

olic

ies

lack

info

rmat

ion

on th

e im

plem

enta

tion

by

min

istri

es a

nd s

ecto

rs.

- So

me

polic

ies

lack

sta

tistic

al d

ata

on G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tions

du

e to

lack

of M

RV s

yste

m in

pla

ce.

- M

any

polic

ies

lack

spe

cific

gui

delin

es f

or a

pplic

atio

n. S

ome

polic

ies

are

issu

ed b

ut h

ave

no b

udge

t for

impl

emen

tatio

n.

- Th

e cu

rren

t fa

cilit

ies

and

soci

al p

ract

ices

do

not

faci

litat

e th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of m

itiga

tion

actio

ns.

- It

rem

ains

diff

icul

t to

sep

arat

e sp

ecifi

c im

pact

s of

eac

h po

licy

as G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

can

be c

olle

ctiv

e re

sult

from

the

im

plem

enta

tion

of v

ario

us p

olic

ies

from

the

natio

nal,

sect

oral

and

lo

cal l

evel

s;

- Man

y po

licie

s la

ck d

irect

qua

ntita

tive

miti

gatio

n ta

rget

s.

- N

o in

tern

atio

nal

guid

elin

es

avai

labl

e on

th

e as

sess

men

t of

m

itiga

tion

impa

cts

of p

olic

y ac

tions

.

- Up

datin

g re

sults

of s

ome

gene

ral p

olic

ies

has

not

been

det

aile

d an

d re

quire

s m

uch

time

to c

olle

ct o

ffici

al d

ata

and

info

rmat

ion.

- Up

datin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

resu

lts o

f so

me

polic

ies

is a

mbi

guou

s, g

ener

ic a

nd

qual

itativ

e.

- Pol

icie

s in

spe

cific

sec

tors

suc

h as

ene

rgy

have

had

man

y im

plem

enta

tion

deci

sion

s an

d sp

ecifi

c gu

idan

ce c

ircul

ars

for

each

su

b-se

ctor

, w

hile

so

me

sect

ors

(suc

h as

w

aste

tre

atm

ent)

do

not

have

sp

ecifi

c gu

idan

ce

circ

ular

s,

crea

ting

imba

lanc

e am

ong

sect

ors

in re

porti

ng;

- The

dat

a on

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

ns m

ay

be d

uplic

ated

, out

date

d an

d in

suffi

cien

t.

- D

irect

ly

cont

act

min

istri

es

and

sect

ors

for

info

rmat

ion

and

data

se

arch

ing

and

verif

icat

ion.

- G

athe

r da

ta

from

do

mes

tic

adm

inis

trativ

e m

anag

emen

t do

cum

ents

, per

iodi

cal r

epor

ts o

n th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of r

elev

ant p

olic

ies

of th

e m

inis

tries

and

sec

tors

.

- Co

nduc

t ca

paci

ty

build

ing

prog

ram

mes

an

d ac

tiviti

es

for

min

istri

es, s

ecto

rs, a

nd lo

calit

ies

in

inte

grat

ing

clim

ate

chan

ge

issu

es

into

pol

icy

mak

ing

and

miti

gatio

n im

pact

as

sess

men

t fo

r de

velo

ped

polic

ies.

- Es

tabl

ish

and

oper

ate

a na

tiona

l M

RV s

yste

m fo

r miti

gatio

n.

92


No.

Diff

icul

ties,

gap

sEf

fect

s/Im

pact

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

2.2

Miti

gatio

n re

late

d im

plem

enta

tion

- No

inst

itutio

nal a

rran

gem

ents

ava

ilabl

e fo

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

m

itiga

tion

actio

ns a

t sec

tora

l, pr

ovin

cial

, or m

unic

ipal

leve

ls.

- N

o M

RV s

yste

m f

or m

itiga

tion,

no

inst

itutio

nal

arra

ngem

ents

fo

r th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of m

itiga

tion

actio

ns f

rom

the

nat

iona

l to

m

inis

teria

l, se

ctor

al, p

rovi

ncia

l and

gra

ssro

ots

leve

ls.

The

data

on

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

ns m

ay

be d

uplic

ated

, out

date

d, a

nd/o

r ins

uffic

ient

.Co

nduc

t ca

paci

ty

build

ing

prog

ram

mes

an

d ac

tiviti

es

for

min

istri

es, s

ecto

rs, a

nd lo

calit

ies

in

inte

grat

ing

clim

ate

chan

ge

issu

es

into

pol

icy

mak

ing

and

miti

gatio

n im

pact

as

sess

men

t fo

r de

velo

ped

polic

ies

2.3

Miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es-

Sinc

e 20

17,

man

y N

AMAs

hav

e be

en s

ynth

esis

ed i

n BU

R2 b

ut

have

not

bee

n im

plem

ente

d; s

ome

NAM

A pr

opos

als

have

bee

n su

bmitt

ed to

the

NAM

A Fa

cilit

y bu

t hav

e no

t bee

n ap

prov

ed a

nd

ther

efor

e no

t yet

impl

emen

ted.

- The

offi

cial

sum

mar

y re

ports

of s

ever

al p

rogr

amm

es h

ave

not b

een

publ

ishe

d by

min

istri

es a

nd s

ecto

rs,

data

on

emis

sion

red

uctio

ns

achi

eved

by

such

pro

gram

mes

, the

refo

re, h

ave

not b

een

avai

labl

e.

- Som

e ac

tions

exp

erie

nce

inco

nsis

tenc

y in

sch

edul

e an

d em

issi

on

redu

ctio

ns re

porte

d in

BUR

2 an

d ot

her r

elev

ant r

epor

ts.

No

repo

rts

and

upda

tes

avai

labl

e on

de

velo

ped

NAM

As-

Acce

ss t

o in

tern

atio

nal

supp

ort

to

impl

emen

t miti

gatio

n ac

tions

.

- Es

tabl

ish

an o

ffici

al i

nfor

mat

ion

exch

ange

ch

anne

l fo

r re

leva

nt

min

istri

es

and

sect

ors

with

th

e na

tiona

l fo

cal

agen

cy o

n cl

imat

e ch

ange

.

93


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No.

Diff

icul

ties,

gap

sEf

fect

s/Im

pact

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

2.4

Impa

ct a

sses

smen

t of m

itiga

tion

activ

ities

- M

any

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

lac

k in

form

atio

n on

est

imat

ed G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ions

and

no

MRV

syst

em fo

r miti

gatio

n ac

tions

hav

e be

en e

stab

lishe

d.

- Th

e re

porte

d ac

tions

con

cent

rate

in

only

int

erna

tiona

lly f

unde

d ac

tions

, no

repo

rts h

ave

been

ava

ilabl

e on

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

ns

from

dom

estic

act

ions

(inc

ludi

ng p

olic

y ac

tions

at t

he lo

cal l

evel

).

- Lac

king

info

rmat

ion

on th

e ba

selin

e an

d M

RV s

yste

m a

pplic

able

to

eac

h pr

ojec

t and

nat

iona

l MRV

gui

delin

es fo

r ND

C w

ill re

sult

in

low

acc

urac

y of

miti

gatio

n es

timat

es d

ue to

pos

sibl

y ov

erlo

okin

g or

ov

erla

ppin

g G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ions

.

- No

asse

ssm

ents

and

cor

resp

ondi

ng a

djus

tmen

ts to

GH

G e

mis

sion

re

duct

ions

to

gene

rate

cre

dits

tra

ded

on t

he i

nter

natio

nal

carb

on

mar

ket.

- So

me

proj

ects

onl

y fe

atur

e em

issi

on r

educ

tion

estim

atio

n du

ring

the

impl

emen

tatio

n pe

riod

and

no a

sses

smen

ts c

ondu

cted

afte

r the

pr

ojec

ts fi

nish

or o

n em

issi

on re

duct

ions

ach

ieve

d in

pra

ctic

e.

- M

ost

of a

ctio

ns o

nly

have

qua

litat

ive

co-b

enef

it ta

rget

s an

d ou

tcom

es w

hile

lac

king

qua

ntita

tive

asse

ssm

ents

, or

tra

nspa

rent

an

d de

taile

d co

-ben

efit

repo

rts.

- N

o sp

ecifi

c m

etho

ds a

nd s

tudi

es a

vaila

ble

for

asse

ssin

g an

d se

lect

ing

a se

t of

co-

bene

fit a

sses

smen

t in

dica

tors

of

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

.

- No

spec

ific

guid

elin

es o

n m

onito

ring

and

repo

rting

the

co-b

enef

it im

pact

s of

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

.

- Th

e ac

cura

cy in

the

estim

ated

eva

luat

ion

of G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

rem

aine

d lo

w.

- The

impa

ct a

sses

smen

t for

act

ions

has

not

be

en i

ncon

sist

ent,

inac

cura

te,

and

has

a hi

gh p

ossi

bilit

y of

dup

licat

ion,

ove

rlapp

ing,

an

d in

suffi

cien

cy.

- Est

imat

es o

f em

issi

on re

duct

ions

of a

ctio

ns

rem

ain

unco

mpr

ehen

sive

and

inc

onsi

sten

t du

e to

th

e ab

senc

e of

a

base

line

and

assu

mpt

ions

fo

r es

timat

es

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ions

from

diff

eren

t act

ions

.

- Th

e co

-ben

efits

of

ac

tions

ha

ve

only

be

en fo

cuse

d an

d as

sess

ed fo

r act

ions

with

in

form

atio

n on

co-

bene

fit a

sses

smen

t an

d ar

e m

ainl

y qu

alita

tive,

res

ultin

g in

rel

ativ

e as

sess

men

ts.

- Re

sear

ch a

nd d

evel

op d

omes

tic

guid

elin

es

for

asse

ssm

ents

an

d de

velo

pmen

t of m

itiga

tion

proj

ects

.

- Pi

lot

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

M

RV sy

stem

mod

el a

t the

pro

vinc

ial

leve

l for

miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es.

94


No.

Diff

icul

ties,

gap

sEf

fect

s/Im

pact

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

2.5

Mar

ket m

echa

nism

sSo

me

new

cre

dit

mec

hani

sms

do n

ot h

ave

stat

istic

al d

ata

on

regi

ster

ed p

roje

cts,

but

rath

er o

n th

e nu

mbe

r of R

ECs i

ssue

d, m

akin

g it

diffi

cult

to id

entif

y ne

wly

regi

ster

ed p

roje

cts

by y

ear.

The

num

ber o

f new

ly re

gist

ered

pro

ject

s by

year

can

not b

e as

sess

ed.

Revi

ew a

nd c

onta

ct d

evel

oper

s of

re

gist

ered

pro

ject

s to

gath

er re

leva

nt

info

rmat

ion.

3Ot

her

nece

ssar

y in

form

atio

n to

ach

ieve

UN

FCCC

targ

ets

3.1

The

asse

ssm

ent o

f co-

bene

fits r

elat

ed to

the

SDG

s, g

ende

r equ

ality

, et

c.

has

only

be

en

impl

emen

ted

unde

r in

depe

nden

t an

d/or

qu

alita

tive

stud

ies.

It is

diff

icul

t to

ass

ess

impa

cts

entir

ely,

co

nsis

tent

ly, a

nd q

uant

ifiab

ly, e

spec

ially

in

the

case

of s

peci

fic m

itiga

tion

proj

ects

.

Inco

rpor

ate

co-b

enef

it el

emen

ts

into

th

e de

velo

pmen

t an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

.4

Othe

r is

sues

4.1

Impa

cts

of th

e CO

VID

-19

pand

emic

- Th

e in

form

atio

n an

d da

ta

gath

erin

g pr

oces

s w

as a

ffect

ed.

- Co

nsul

ting

wor

ksho

ps

coul

d no

t be

or

gani

sed

as p

lann

ed.

- Re

sour

ces

for

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n of

re

sear

ch a

nd a

sses

smen

t wer

e af

fect

ed.

- Im

plem

enta

tion

of

certa

in

task

s to

ok

long

er ti

me.

Cond

uct p

ossi

ble

onlin

e ac

tiviti

es.

4.2

No

inte

grat

ed d

atab

ase

avai

labe

on

proj

ects

sup

porti

ng c

limat

e ch

ange

res

pons

es i

n ge

nera

l an

d cl

imat

e ch

ange

ada

ptat

ion

or

miti

gatio

n in

par

ticul

ar.

Com

pilin

g in

form

atio

n on

sup

port

rece

ived

is

com

plic

ated

and

insu

ffici

ent.

In a

dditi

on,

the

spill

over

an

d cu

mul

ativ

e im

pact

of

su

ppor

t can

not b

e ev

alua

ted.

Esta

blis

h an

of

ficia

l ch

anne

l fo

r in

form

atio

n ex

chan

ge

betw

een

rele

vant

min

istri

es a

nd s

ecto

rs a

nd

the

natio

nal f

ocal

age

ncy

on c

limat

e ch

ange

.

Build

da

ta

colle

ctio

n te

mpl

ate

(tabl

e fo

rm) t

o ga

ther

com

plet

e an

d de

taile

d in

form

atio

n fo

r the

repo

rt.

95


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

5.2. Demand for financial, technical, technological support and capacity building for mitigation activities

5.2.1. Demand for international financial support

The demand for international financial support to realise mitigation targets in the updated NDC of Viet Nam is shown in Table 5.5.

Table 5.5. Demand for international financial for NDC undertaking until 2030 by sector [18]

No. SectorPotential

MtCO2e

Financial need1

(million USD)

1 Energy 104.3 35,904.6

2 Agriculture 25.8 4,203.5

3 LULUCF 11.9 1,920.2

4 Waste 24.0 1,903.7

5 IP 0.8 197.9

Total 166.8 44,129.9

1 Reduced to 2014 with a discount coefficient of 10%

96


5.2.

2. D

eman

d fo

r te

chni

cal a

nd te

chno

logi

cal s

uppo

rt

The

dem

and

for t

echn

ical

sup

port

to re

alis

e th

e m

itiga

tion

targ

ets

in th

e up

date

d N

DC

is s

how

n in

the

bello

w T

able

.

Tabl

e 5.

6. D

eman

d fo

r te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt to

rea

lise

miti

gatio

n ta

rget

s in

upd

ated

ND

C un

til 2

030

[18]

TTSu

ppor

t dem

and

Expe

cted

goa

l/ou

tput

Affe

cted

sec

tors

an

d ar

eas

Lead

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cies

Leve

l of

prio

rity

1D

evel

op s

uppo

rting

in

dust

ries

to re

duce

G

HG

em

issi

ons

- Red

uce

capi

tal d

eman

ds fo

r equ

ipm

ent i

mpo

rt an

d en

hanc

emen

t of

dom

estic

tech

nica

l and

tech

nolo

gica

l cap

acity

;

- Co

mpl

ete

and

prom

ote

loca

lisat

ion

to

redu

ce

pric

e of

RE

te

chno

logy

equ

ipm

ent (

win

d an

d so

lar

pow

er) a

pplic

able

to s

mal

l an

d ho

useh

old

scal

es.

- Ene

rgy;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- Was

te.

- MPI

, MOI

T, M

ARD

, MOT

, M

OC a

nd M

ONRE

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

Hig

h

2D

evel

op a

dat

a co

llect

ion

tool

kit f

or

GH

G in

vent

ory.

Dev

elop

an

effe

ctiv

e to

olki

t to

colle

ct d

ata

and

build

a d

atab

ase

for

GH

G in

vent

ory

at th

e gr

assr

oots

leve

l.- E

nerg

y;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- MPI

, MOI

T, M

ARD

, MOT

, M

OC, M

ONRE

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

Very

hig

h

3D

evel

op a

set

of

crit

eria

for

eval

uatin

g an

d qu

antif

ying

impa

cts

of im

plem

entin

g m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

.

- D

evel

op a

set

of c

riter

ia fo

r ec

onom

ic q

uant

ifica

tion

of im

pact

s/be

nefit

s in

impl

emen

ting

miti

gatio

n te

chno

logi

es;

- Es

tabl

ish

a po

rtfol

io o

f m

itiga

tion

proj

ects

, in

clud

ing

prio

rity

proj

ects

aim

ing

to fu

lfill

the

com

mitt

ed c

ontri

butio

ns in

Vie

t Nam

’s

ND

C.

- Ene

rgy;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- Min

istri

es: M

PI, M

OIT,

M

ARD

, MOT

, MOC

, MON

RE;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

Mod

erat

e

97


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

TTSu

ppor

t dem

and

Expe

cted

goa

l/ou

tput

Affe

cted

sec

tors

an

d ar

eas

Lead

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cies

Leve

l of

prio

rity

4Se

t up

a ve

ntur

e fu

nd fo

r miti

gatio

n pr

ojec

ts

- For

m a

ven

ture

fund

to fi

nanc

e m

itiga

tion

proj

ects

in a

ll ar

eas;

- Cre

ate

initi

al in

vest

men

t fun

ds to

pro

mot

e sc

ient

ific

rese

arch

and

te

chno

logi

cal d

evel

opm

ent o

n m

itiga

tion.

- Ene

rgy;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- MOS

T, M

OF a

nd M

OET;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

- Uni

vers

ities

and

rese

arch

in

stitu

tions

.

Hig

h

5Es

tabl

ish

mec

hani

sms

and

polic

ies

to a

ttrac

t in

vest

men

t for

m

itiga

tion.

Esta

blis

h po

licie

s to

enc

oura

ge a

nd a

ttrac

t do

mes

tic a

nd f

orei

gn

inve

stm

ent m

itiga

tion

activ

ities

.- E

nerg

y;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

MPI

, MOI

T, M

ARD

, MOT

, M

OC a

nd M

ONRE

Hig

h

6Es

tabl

ish

dom

estic

ca

rbon

mar

ket.

- D

evel

op a

nd f

inal

ise

the

nece

ssar

y le

gal

fram

ewor

k fo

r th

e fo

rmat

ion

of a

dom

estic

car

bon

mar

ket;

- Re

sear

ch a

nd e

stab

lish

the

mec

hani

sm to

con

nect

the

dom

estic

ca

rbon

mar

ket w

ith re

gion

al a

nd in

tern

atio

nal c

ount

erpa

rts

- Ene

rgy;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- MPI

, MOI

T, M

ARD

, MOT

, M

OC, a

nd M

ONRE

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

Hig

h

7Es

tabl

ish

MRV

sy

stem

s fo

r m

itiga

tion

at

sect

oral

and

loca

l le

vels

.

Esta

blis

h M

RV s

yste

ms

at th

e se

ctor

al a

nd lo

cal l

evel

s an

d en

sure

co

nnec

tivity

with

the

natio

nal M

RV s

yste

m.

- Ene

rgy;

- IPP

U;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- MOI

T, M

ARD

, MOT

, MOC

an

d M

ONRE

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es

Very

hig

h

98


The

dem

and

for t

echn

olog

ical

sup

port

to re

alis

e m

itiga

tion

targ

ets

in th

e up

date

d N

DC

is s

how

n in

Tab

le 5

.7.

Tabl

e 5.

7. N

eed

for

tech

nolo

gica

l sup

port

to r

ealis

e m

itiga

tion

targ

et in

upd

ated

ND

C un

til 2

030

TTSu

ppor

t dem

and

Expe

cted

targ

et/o

utpu

tAf

fect

ed

sect

ors

an

d ar

eas

Lead

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cies

Leve

l of

pr

iori

ty1

- Im

plem

ent

inve

stmen

t, pr

oduc

tion,

an

d bu

sines

s pro

ject

s on

ener

gy sa

ving

and

effi

cien

cy

in p

rodu

ctio

n, m

anuf

actu

ring,

ren

ovat

ion,

and

m

arke

t co

nver

sion

of

vehi

cles

, eq

uipm

ent,

mac

hine

s, pr

oduc

tion

lines

, pu

blic

lig

htin

g,

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

in h

ouse

hold

s, an

d ot

her m

eans

.

- Use

hig

h-pe

rform

ance

ele

ctric

al e

quip

men

t in

hous

ehol

ds, i

ndus

tries

, and

com

mer

ce.

- App

ly e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

impr

ovem

ent m

easu

res

in i

ndus

tries

suc

h as

inn

ovat

ing,

dev

elop

ing,

an

d ap

plyi

ng t

echn

olog

y in

the

pro

duct

ion

of

cons

truct

ion

mat

eria

ls;

redu

ce c

linke

r co

nten

t an

d im

plem

ent

othe

r m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s in

ce

men

t pro

duct

ion.

- Inc

reas

e en

ergy

effi

cien

cy in

the

prod

uctio

n, m

anuf

actu

ring,

re

nova

tion,

and

mar

ket

conv

ersi

on o

f ve

hicl

es,

equi

pmen

t, m

achi

nes,

pro

duct

ion

lines

, pub

lic li

ghtin

g, e

nerg

y sa

ving

in

hous

ehol

ds, a

nd o

ther

mea

ns.

- Inc

reas

e th

e en

ergy

effi

cien

cy o

f hig

h-pe

rform

ance

ele

ctric

al

equi

pmen

t in

hous

ehol

ds, i

ndus

tries

, and

com

mer

ce.

- Im

prov

e en

ergy

effi

cien

cy in

the

prod

uctio

n of

con

stru

ctio

n m

ater

ials

; re

duce

cl

inke

r co

nten

t an

d im

plem

ent

othe

r m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s in

cem

ent p

rodu

ctio

n.

- Ene

rgy

- MOI

T, M

PI,

MAR

D, M

OT,

MOC

and

M

ONRE

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

pro

vinc

es

and

cent

rally

-go

vern

ed c

ities

- Ent

erpr

ises

.

Hig

h

2-

Optim

ise

prod

uctio

n pr

oces

ses

at c

oal-f

ired

ther

mal

pow

er p

lant

s.

- Pr

omot

e RE

dev

elop

men

t (s

olar

, bi

omas

s) i

n ac

cord

ance

with

the

pote

ntia

l, ad

vant

ages

and

co

nditi

ons

of V

iet N

am.

- Re

duce

lo

ss

in

pow

er

trans

mis

sion

an

d di

strib

utio

n.

- In

crea

se t

he p

rodu

ctio

n ef

ficie

ncy

of c

oal-f

ired

ther

mal

po

wer

sta

tions

.

- In

crea

se R

E pr

opor

tion

(sol

ar,

biom

ass)

in

the

final

ene

rgy

stru

ctur

e of

Vie

t Nam

.

- Min

imis

e lo

ss in

pow

er tr

ansm

issi

on a

nd d

istri

butio

n.

- Ene

rgy

- MPI

, MOI

T,

MAR

D, M

OT,

MOC

, and

MON

RE;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

s of

pr

ovin

ces

and

cent

rally

- go

vern

ed c

ties

- Ent

erpr

ises

.

Very

hi

gh

99


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

TTSu

ppor

t dem

and

Expe

cted

targ

et/o

utpu

tAf

fect

ed

sect

ors

an

d ar

eas

Lead

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cies

Leve

l of

pr

iori

ty3

- Ac

cele

rate

the

dev

elop

men

t of

the

pub

lic

trans

port

syst

em.

- Sw

itch

from

priv

ate

vehi

cles

to p

ublic

tran

spor

t.

- Sw

itch

freig

ht t

rans

port

mod

es f

rom

roa

d to

ra

ilway

, in

land

wat

erw

ays,

coa

stal

tra

nspo

rt;

impr

ove

the

ener

gy

effic

ienc

y of

tra

nspo

rt ve

hicl

es.

- Sw

itch

from

tra

ditio

nal

fuel

s to

el

ectri

cal

ener

gy a

nd c

lean

er fu

els (

CNG

, bio

fuel

, etc

.) fo

r tra

nspo

rt ve

hicl

es.

- Im

prov

e sy

stem

s of u

rban

railw

ay, c

ity b

us, u

rban

traf

fic, a

nd

non-

mot

oris

ed tr

affic

con

nect

ion.

- Pro

mot

e th

e sw

itch

from

priv

ate

vehi

cles

to p

ublic

tran

spor

t.

- Sw

itch

freig

ht tr

ansp

ort m

odes

to m

ass

trans

port

form

s su

ch

as ra

ilway

s, in

land

wat

erw

ays,

and

coa

stal

tran

spor

t to

redu

ce

GH

G e

mis

sion

per

uni

t of c

argo

.

- Int

rodu

ce re

gula

tions

lim

iting

fuel

con

sum

ptio

n of

veh

icle

s.

- Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t the

nat

iona

l roa

dmap

for E

-mob

ility

de

velo

pmen

t

- Ado

pt e

lect

rical

ene

rgy

and

clea

ner f

uels

(CN

G, b

iofu

el, e

tc.)

for t

rans

port

vehi

cles

.

Tran

spor

-ta

tion

- MOT

, MPI

, MOI

T,

MAR

D, M

OC, a

nd

MON

RE;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

s of

pr

ovin

ces

and

cent

rally

-gov

erne

d ci

ties;

- Ent

erpr

ises

.

Hig

h

4-

Appl

y ad

vanc

ed

tech

nolo

gy

to

utili

se

by-

prod

ucts

in a

gric

ultu

ral p

rodu

ctio

n.

- Dev

elop

the

tech

nolo

gy fo

r bio

char

pro

duct

ion.

- Ap

ply

man

agem

ent s

olut

ions

and

tech

nolo

gy in

cul

tivat

ion

and

husb

andr

y;

impr

ove

lives

tock

di

et;

rest

ruct

ure

plan

t va

rietie

s; c

hang

e th

e m

etho

d of

land

use

.

- Ap

ply

tech

nolo

gy i

n tre

atin

g an

d re

usin

g by

-pro

duct

s an

d w

aste

in

agric

ultu

ral

prod

uctio

n an

d hu

sban

dry;

dev

elop

or

gani

c ag

ricul

ture

.

- Cr

eate

sp

ecia

lised

fa

rmin

g ar

eas

and

indu

strie

s fo

r pr

elim

inar

y pr

oces

sing

of

agric

ultu

ral-i

ndus

trial

by-

prod

ucts

fo

r bio

char

pro

duct

ion.

- Ene

rgy;

- Agr

icul

-tu

re;

- LU-

LUCF

;

- Was

te.

- Ene

rgy;

- Agr

icul

ture

;

- LUL

UCF;

- Was

te.

- MAR

D, M

OST,

M

OF, a

nd M

OET;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

of

prov

ince

s an

d ce

ntra

lly-

gove

rned

citi

es;

- Uni

vers

ities

, and

re

sear

ch in

stitu

tions

.

Hig

h

100


TTSu

ppor

t dem

and

Expe

cted

targ

et/o

utpu

tAf

fect

ed

sect

ors

an

d ar

eas

Lead

ing

and

coor

dina

ting

agen

cies

Leve

l of

pr

iori

ty5

- Con

tinue

impl

emen

tatio

n of

RED

D+.

- Im

prov

e fo

rest

s co

vera

ge w

ith p

riorit

y gi

ven

to p

rodu

ctio

n fo

rest

s, l

arge

tim

ber

fore

sts,

and

co

asta

l for

ests

; reh

abili

tate

pro

tect

ive

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sts a

nd

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ial-u

se fo

rest

s.

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e of

f for

the

rege

nera

tion

of n

atur

al fo

rest

s,

prom

ote

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st r

egen

erat

ion

and

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t on

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nned

for f

ores

try; i

mpr

ove

fore

st c

arbo

n st

ocks

and

qua

lity.

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evel

op

agro

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m

odel

s to

en

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cks

and

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l

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tratio

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and

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ffore

st,

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lop

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with

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n to

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duct

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sts,

larg

e tim

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ts a

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oast

al fo

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s, a

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stor

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n of

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tect

ive

and

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ial-u

se fo

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s.

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bon

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ks a

nd q

ualit

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off f

or th

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ural

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l by

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elop

ing

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els.

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cultu

re;

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UCF.

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D,

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an

d M

ONRE

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h

6Ap

ply

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i ana

erob

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echn

olog

y w

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pler

and

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uces

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HG

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issi

on.

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te-

MOC

, M

ONRE

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d M

PI.

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ple’

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mm

ittee

of

pro

vinc

es

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rally

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ed c

ities

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h

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gas

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t kiln

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vent

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ld st

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itial

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vest

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pare

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truct

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uce

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s em

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ons;

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h a

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hani

sm

to r

ecov

er a

nd tr

ansp

ort F

-gas

for

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ruct

ion,

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tribu

ting

to

GH

G e

mis

sion

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ctio

n.

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rictly

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trol t

he le

akag

e of

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riger

ant f

rom

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riger

ator

s,

cold

sto

rage

, and

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cond

ition

ers

for c

omm

erci

al u

se.

IPPU

- MOI

T an

d M

ONRE

;

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ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

s of

pr

ovin

ces

and

cent

rally

-gov

erne

d ci

ties

Very

hi

gh

101


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APTER 2N


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itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

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EXES

5.2.3. Demand for capacity building

The demand for capacity building to realise mitigation targets in the updated NDC until 2030 is shown in Table 5.8.

Table 5.8. Demand for capacity building to realise mitigation targets in updated NDC until 2030 [18]

No.Support demand

Expected target/outputAffected sectors

and areasLeading and

coordinating agenciesLevel of priority

1 Design training programmes on GHG inventory and mitigation

Design and adopt intensive and long-term training programmes to build up the capacity of domestic staff on GHG inventory and the construction and implementation of mitigation technologies

- Energy;

- IPPU;

- Agriculture;

- LULUCF;

- Waste.

- MOET

- Universities, and research institutions.

High

2 Build up the capacity of management agencies in the assessment of investment projects on mitigation

Build up the capacity of ministries, sectors, and localities in administrative procedure reform to facilitate organisations and businesses in accessing investment capital from domestic and international support funds.

- Energy;

- IPPU;

-Agriculture;

- LULUCF;

- Waste.

- MOIT, MARD, MOT, MOC, and MONRE;

- People’s Committees of provinces and centrally-governed cities;

- Universities, and research institutions.

Very high

5.3. Information on efforts to achieve UN goals

5.3.1. Impact of mitigation activities on fulfilling SDGs

a) Energy: Mitigation activities have the most prominent contribution to the realisation of SDG7 ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’ and SDG9 ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation’; the least noticeable contribution to SDG15 ‘Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss’.

b) IP: Mitigation activities have the greatest contribution to the realisation of SDG12 ‘Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns’; followed by that to SDG 8 ‘Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all; and SDG9 ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation’.

102


c) Agriculture: Mitigation activities have the greatest contribution to the realisation of SDG2 ‘End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture’; and SDG9 ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation’; the lowest level of contribution to the realisation of SDG16 ‘Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels’.

d) LULUCF: Mitigation activities have the greatest contribution to the realisation of SDG15 ‘Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss’ and the lowest level of contribution to the realisation of SDG9 ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation’.

e) Waste: Mitigation activities have the greatest contribution to the realisation of SDG7 ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’; and SDG17 ‘Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development’; the lowest contribution to the realisation of SDG4 ‘Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’ and SDG15 ‘Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss’.

5.3.2. Climate change and gender issues

Both men and women are adversely affected by climate change. However, in terms of the response capacity by gender, women tend to be more vulnerable and suffer more from climate change impacts and disaster risks due to health-related factors, access to information, and limited participation in decision-making processes in the community.

a) Impact on women’s work

Women account for 50.7% of Viet Nam’s total population and the percentage of women living in the urban and rural areas is 34.5% and 65.5%, respectively. Women working in the agriculture sector account for 63%, higher than that percentage of men (57%). In rural areas, most women are engaged in agricultural activities, including cultivation, livestock production and post-harvest. Therefore, the vulnerability level of of women will also be higher as agriculture is one of the most adversely affected sectors by climate change.

b) Impact on women’s health

Climate change, increased natural disasters and extreme climate events will increase negative impacts on women’s health, raise the infection rate of diseases and epidemics among women, especially those who are elderly, pregnant and with chronic diseases and young girls. As women are still mainly responsible for unpaid care and housework in their families, when climate change and natural disasters occur and resources decrease, more

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stancesCH

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ANN

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burdens will be put on their shoulders and lasting impacts will be caused on their health. climate change, natural disasters will also increase the mortality, casualty and missing rates of women. Increased water shortage and unhygienic conditions will also lead to the risk of water related diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. Flooding-induced water pollution will also cause water-borne diseases such as eye, skin, gynecological and respiratory diseases due to unsecured sanitary conditions and the lack of clean water.

c) Impact on women’s family economy and migration

Increased climate change, natural disasters, and extreme weather events have adversely affected household economy, reduced income, increased poverty, hindered people’s livelihoods, contributing to a higher migration rate. The number of women migrating from their rural and mountainous areas to cities and industrial areas has been increasing and much higher than that of male migrants. In the context of migration and staying away from home, women have struggled strenuously for livelihood and faced many types of risks, difficulties and challenges. Among the female workers, ethnic minority women have a higher level of climate change-induced risks due to their limited access to education and inability to leave their community, the lack of decision-making power and qualification compared to men.

5.4. Information on received support

5.4.1. Support received for BUR3 development

The BUR3 of Viet Nam was developed in the 2019-2020 period with financial support from GEF via UNEP and technical support from some other international organisations. Details on support received for developing the BUR3 of Viet Nam are shown in the bellow table.

Table 5.9. Support received for development of BUR3

Type of support

Source of support Period Information on support received

Financial GEF/UNEP 2019-2020Financial support for the development of BUR3

Technical SilvaCarbon

Colorado State University, USA

2020 National GHG inventory QC for the base year 2016 in the AFOLU sector

5.4.2. International support for climate change response activities

So far, the GCF has funded USD 146 million for three projects in Viet Nam with USD 20.26 million disbursed. GEF has funded over USD 400 million to implement climate change response projects. Multilateral organizations like UNIDO and financial institutions like ADB and WB have implemented or committed to disburse their support funding, mainly in the form of soft loans.

104


In addition to the GCF, GEF, multilateral organisations and bilateral cooperation mechanisms of developed countries have been providing financial support through bilateral projects and some regional projects for climate change response in Viet Nam.

In addition to the identified support and disbursed funding, a number of climate change response projects have been coordinated by Vietnamese agencies with partners to finalise documents for receiving support.

The update on a number of support projects for climate change response in Viet Nam over the past time is presented in Annex 4.

105


REFERENCES1. MONRE (2019), Decision No.2908/QD-BTNMT dated 13 November 2019 on approving

and publicing the statistic results of land area in 2018.

2. GSO (2019), Statistical Yearbook 2018.

3. MOIT (2016), Viet Nam energy statistics 2014.

4. MOIT (2017), Viet Nam energy statistics 2015.

5. MOIT (2020), Viet Nam energy balance sheet 2016.



8. MARD (2018), Data on forest status 2017.

9. The Prime Minister (2015), Decision No.2359/QD-TTg dated 22 December 2015 on approving the National GHG inventory system in Viet Nam.

10. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories.

11. 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for national GHG inventories.

12. IPCC Good practice guidance and uncertainty management in national GHG inventories (GPG 2000).

13. IPCC Good practice guidance for LULUCF (GPG-LULUCF 2003).

14. IPCC (2014), Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).

15. MONRE (2014), BUR1 to the UNFCCC.

16. MONRE (2017), BUR2 to the UNFCCC.

17. MONRE (2019), TNC to the UNFCCC.

106

References

18. MONRE (2020), updated NDC technical report 2020.

19. MONRE (2020), Technical report on GHG inventory for 2016.

20. The National Assembly (2014), Law No.16/2017/QH14 on Forestry.

21. The Prime Minister (2016), Decision No.428/QD-TTg dated March 18, 2016 on approving the revisions to the National power development plan 2011-2020 with visions to 2030.

22. The Prime Minister (2017), Decision No.11/2017/QD-TTg dated April 11, 2017 on the mechanism for the encouragement of the development of solar power in Viet Nam.

23. The Prime Minister (2018), Decision No.39/2018/QD-TTg dated September 10, 2018 on amending a number of articles of Decision No.37/2011/QD-TTg dated June 29, 2011 by the Prime Minister on the mechanism supporting the development of wind power project in Viet Nam.

24. MOIT (2019), Circular No.02/2019/TT-BCT dated January 15, 2019 on regulations of the development of projects and Standardised power purchase agreement are applicable to wind power projects.

25. The Prime Minister (2020), Decision No.13/2020/QD-TTg dated 06 April 2020 on incentives for the development of solar power in Viet Nam.

26. MOIT (2019), Circular No.05/2019/TT-BCT dated March 11, 2019 on amending a number of articles of Circular No. 16/2017/TT-BCT dated September 12, 2017 by the Minister of MOIT on regulations of project development and Standardized power purchase agreement apply to solar power projects.

27. The Prime Minister (2020), Decision No.08/2020/QD-TTg dated March 05, 2020 on amending a number of articles of Decision No.24/2014/QD-TTg dated March 24, 2014 by the Prime Minister on support mechanism for the development of biomass power projects in Viet Nam.

28. MOIT (2020), Circular No.16/2020/TT-BCT dated July 07, 2020 on amending a number of articles of Circular No.44/2015/TT-BCT dated December 09, 2015 by the Minister of MOIT on the avoidable cost tariff and sample of electricity sale contract applied to biomass power projects.

29. The Prime Minister (2017), Decision No.04/2017/QD-TTg dated March 09, 2017 on the List of equipment and appliances to which the mandatory energy labelling and minimum energy efficiency standards are applied, and the roadmap to their implementation.

30. The Prime Minister (2018), Decision No.24/2018/QD-TTg dated May 18, 2018 on promulgating the list of low-efficiency equipment to be discarded and low-efficiency generators prohibited from being built and the implementation roadmap thereof.

107


31. The Prime Minsiter (2017), Decision No.1305/QĐ-TTg dated September 03, 2017 on issuing the list of key energy-consuming facilities in 2016.

32. The Prime Minsiter (2018), Decision No.1221/QĐ-TTg dated September 21, 2018 on issuing the list of key energy-consuming facilities in 2017.

33. The Prime Minsiter (2019), Decision No.1469/QĐ-TTg dated October 28, 2019 on issuing the list of key energy-consuming facilities in 2018.

34. The Prime Minsiter (2020), Decision No.1577/QĐ-TTg dated October 12, 2020 on issuing the list of key energy-consuming facilities in 2019.

35. The Prime Minsiter (2019), Decision No.280/QĐ-TTg dated March 13, 2019 on approving the national programme on energy saving and efficiency for the period of 2019-2030.

36. The Prime Minister (2018), Decision No.84/QD-TTg dated January 19, 2018 on approving the Plan for the achievement of green growth in cities of Viet Nam by 2030.

37. MOC (2018), Circular No.01/2018/TT-BXD dated January 05, 2018 on green growth urban indicators.

38. MOT (2017), Circular No.48/2017/TT-BGTVT dated December 13, 2017 on statistical indicator system and statistical reports of the transport sector.

39. MOT (2018), Circular No.40/2018/TT-BGTVT dated June 29, 2018, providing for data collection and reporting on fuel oil consumption of Vietnamese-flagged ships.

40. MOT (2018), Circular No.59/2018/TT-BGTVT dated December 17, 2018 guiding energy labelling for motorcycles and motorbikes manufactured, assembled and imported.

41. MOT (2017), Circular No.22/2020/TT-BGTVT dated September 28, 2020, on the management of fuel use and CO2 emission of aircraft in civil aviation operation.

42. The Prime Minister (2017), Decision No.419/QD-TTg dated April 05, 2017 on approving the National programme on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the mitigation of deforestation and forest degradation; conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks and sustainable management of forest resources through 2030.

43. The Prime Minister (2017), Decision No.886/QD-TTg dated June 16, 2017 on approving the target programme for sustainable forestry development in the 2016-2020 period.

44. The Prime Minister (2019), Decision No.770/QD-TTg dated June 23, 2019 on amending and supplementing goals and tasks for the coastal forest protection and development programme on climate change response in the 2015-2020 period.

45. MARD (2020), Decision No.891/QD-BNN-KHCN dated March 17, 2020 on approving the Plan to implement the Paris Agreement for the 2021-2030 period.

108

References

46. The Prime Minister (2018), Decision No.1288/QD-TTg dated October 01, 2018 on approving the Sustainable forest management and certification programme.

47. The Prime Minister (2018), Decision No.491/QD-TTg dated May 07, 2018 on approving the adjustments to the national strategy for general management of solid waste to 2025 with a vision to 2050.

48. UNFCCC (2018), Katowice climate change package.

49. The Prime Minister (2016), Decision No. 2053/QD-TTg dated October 28, 2016 on issuing the National plan to implement the Paris Agreement.

Internet references

https://cdm.unfccc.int/

https://www.jcm.go.jp/vn-jp/projects/registers

https://registry.goldstandard.org

https://irecstandard.org/

https://www.greenclimatechange.fund/countries/viet-nam

ANNEXES

Annex 1. Results of Viet Nam’s GHG inventory for 2016

Annex 2. Results of uncertainties assessment of Viet Nam’s national GHG inventory for 2016

Annex 3. Information on GHG emission reduction activities and projects

Annex 4. Updates on climate change response projects in Viet Nam from 2017 to present

110

Annexes

Anne

x 1.

Res

ults

of V

iet N

am’s

GH

G in

vent

ory

for

2016

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

Tota

l em

issi

ons/

rem

oval

s19

1,65

1.08

3,81

5.65

68.7

623

.32

54.8

51,

482.

3422

.38

23.5

5

1EN

ERG

Y18

2,29

1.22

798.

054.

51

1AFu

el c

ombu

stio

n ac

tiviti

es18

0,76

7.38

46.1

34.

50

1A1

Ener

gy in

dust

ries

90,5

54.6

03.

061.

38N

EN

EN

EN

E

1A2

Man

ufac

turin

g in

dust

ries

and

con-

stru

ctio

n37

,701

.55

8.36

1.18

NE

NE

NE

NE

1A3

Tran

spor

t35

,193

.17

8.12

1.60

NE

NE

NE

NE

1A4

Othe

r sec

tors

17,3

18.0

526

.59

0.34

NE

NE

NE

NE

1A5

Non

-spe

cifie

dN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

1BFu

gitiv

e em

issi

ons

from

fuel

s1,

523.

8475

1.92

0.01

1B1

Solid

fuel

107.

38N

EN

EN

EN

E

1B2

Oil a

nd n

atur

al g

as

1,52

3.84

644.

540.

01N

EN

EN

EN

E

1B3

Othe

r em

issi

ons

from

ene

rgy

pro-

duct

ion

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

1CCa

rbon

dio

xide

tra

nspo

rt an

d st

or-

age

1C1

Tran

spor

t of C

O2

NO

NE

NE

NE

NE

1C2

Inje

ctio

n an

d st

orag

eN

ON

EN

EN

EN

E

1C3

Othe

r N

ON

EN

EN

EN

E

111


CHAPTER 1

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stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

2IP

PU46

,047

.20

0.09

16.2

120

.95

22.3

823

.55

2AM

iner

al in

dust

ry40

,917

.20

7.56

22.3

4

2A1

Cem

ent p

rodu

ctio

n36

,773

.00

22.3

4

2A2

Lim

e pr

oduc

tion

3,82

5.00

2A3

Gla

ss p

rodu

ctio

n31

9.20

7.56

2A4

Othe

r pro

cess

es u

ses

of c

arbo

nate

sN

E

2A5

Othe

r N

E

2BCh

emic

al in

dust

ry1,

271.

780.

099.

685.

760.

04

2B1

Amm

onia

pro

duct

ion

1,27

1.78

9.68

5.76

0.04

2B2

Nitr

ic a

cid

prod

uctio

n0.

09

2B3

Adip

ic a

cid

prod

uctio

nN

O

2B4

Capr

olac

tam

gly

oxal

and

gly

oxyl

ic

acid

pro

duct

ion

NO

2B5

Carb

ide

prod

uctio

nN

EN

E

2B6

Tita

n di

oxid

e pr

oduc

tion

NE

2B7

Soda

ash

pro

duct

ion

NE

2B8

Petro

chem

ical

an

d ca

rbon

bl

ack

prod

uctio

n N

EN

E

2B9

Fluo

roch

emic

al p

rodu

ctio

nN

O

2B10

Othe

r N

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

112

Annexes

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

2CM

etal

indu

stry

3,85

8.22

16.2

111

.27

9.06

1.17

2C1

Iron

and

stee

l pro

duct

ion

3,85

8.22

NE

NO

16.2

111

.27

9.06

1.17

2C2

Ferr

oallo

ys p

rodu

ctio

nN

EN

ON

ON

EN

EN

EN

E

2C3

Alum

inum

pro

duct

ion

NO

NO

NO

NE

NE

NE

NE

2C4

Mag

nesi

um p

rodu

ctio

nN

ON

ON

ON

ON

EN

EN

EN

E

2C5

Lead

pro

duct

ion

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2C6

Zinc

pro

duct

ion

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2C7

Othe

r N

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2DN

on-e

nerg

y pr

oduc

ts fr

om fu

els

and

solv

ent u

se

2D1

Lubr

ican

t use

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2D2

Para

ffin

wax

use

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2D3

Solv

ent u

seN

EN

EN

EN

E

2D4

Othe

r N

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2E

Elec

troni

cs in

dust

ry

2E1

Inte

grat

ed c

ircui

t or s

emic

ondu

ctor

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2E2

TFT

flat p

anel

dis

play

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2E3

Phot

ovol

taic

sN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2E4

Hea

t tra

nsfe

r flu

idN

EN

EN

EN

E

113


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

2E5

Othe

rN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2F

Prod

ucts

us

es

as

subs

titut

es

for

ozon

e-de

plet

ing

subs

tanc

es23

.32

2F1

Refri

gera

tion

and

air c

ondi

tioni

ngN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2F2

Foam

blo

win

g ag

ents

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2F3

Fire

pro

tect

ion

NE

23.3

2N

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2F4

Aer

osol

sIE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2F5

Solv

ents

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2F6

Othe

r app

licat

ions

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2G

Othe

r pro

duct

man

ufac

ture

and

use

2G1

Elec

troni

c eq

uipm

ent

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

2G2

SF6 a

nd P

FC fr

om o

ther

pro

duct

use

s N

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2G3

N2O

from

pro

duct

use

sN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2G4

Othe

r N

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2H

Othe

r

2H1

Pulp

and

pap

er in

dust

ryN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2H2

Food

and

bev

erag

e in

dust

ryN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

2H3

Othe

rN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

114

Annexes

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

3AF

OLU

-37,

489.

342,

376.

5956

.66

38.6

41,

461.

39

3ALi

vest

ock

555

.47

3A1

Ente

ric fe

rmen

tatio

n 4

43.6

3 N

EN

EN

EN

E

3A2

Man

ure

man

agem

ent

111

.83

11.1

7 N

EN

EN

EN

E

3BLa

nd-3

9,49

1.24

3B1

Fore

st la

nd-5

4,65

7.78

NE

NE

NE

NE

3B2

Cro

plan

d3,

637.

60N

EN

EN

EN

E

3B3

Gra

ssla

nd1,

383.

64N

EN

EN

EN

E

3B4

Wet

land

1,04

6.90

NE

NE

NE

NE

3B5

Settl

emen

ts

1,91

9.14

NE

NE

NE

NE

3B6

Oth

er la

nd7,

179.

27N

EN

EN

EN

E

3CAg

greg

ated

so

urce

s an

d N

on-C

O2

emis

sion

s so

urce

s on

land

2,00

1.90

1,82

1.13

45

.49

38.6

41,

461.

39

3C1

Bio

mas

s bur

ning

46.

38

1.23

N

EN

EN

EN

E

3C2

Lim

ing

565

.79

NE

NE

NE

NE

3C3

Urea

ferti

lisat

ion

1,4

36.1

1 N

EN

EN

EN

E

3C4

Dire

ct N

2O e

mis

sion

s fro

m m

anag

ed

soils

29.

26

NE

NE

NE

NE

3C5

Indi

rect

N2O

em

issi

ons

from

man

-ag

ed s

oils

14.

16

NE

NE

NE

NE

115


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

3C6

Indi

rect

N2O

em

issi

ons f

rom

man

ure

man

agem

ent

0.8

4 N

EN

EN

EN

E

3C7

Rice

cul

tivat

ions

1,7

74.7

5 N

EN

EN

EN

E

3DOt

her

3D1

Har

vest

ed w

ood

prod

ucts

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

3D2

Othe

rN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

4W

ASTE

802.

0064

1.01

7.50

4ASo

lid w

aste

dis

posa

l37

2.82

4A1

Man

aged

was

te d

ispo

sal s

ites

372.

82N

EN

EN

EN

E

4A2

Unm

anag

ed w

aste

dis

posa

l site

sIE

NE

NE

NE

NE

4A3

Unca

tego

rised

was

te d

ispo

sal s

ites

IEN

EN

EN

EN

E

4BBi

olog

ical

trea

tmen

t of s

olid

was

te2.

480.

15

4CIn

cine

ratio

n an

d op

en b

urni

ng o

f w

aste

802.

0013

.47

0.23

4C1

Was

te in

cine

ratio

n 52

8.09

0.00

0.04

NE

NE

NE

NE

4C2

Open

bur

ning

of w

aste

273.

9113

.47

0.19

NE

NE

NE

NE

4DW

aste

wat

er tr

eatm

ent a

nd d

isch

arge

252.

247.

12

4D1

Dom

estic

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t and

di

scha

rge

171.

637.

12N

EN

EN

EN

E

116

Annexes

IPCC

Co

deCa

tego

ry

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC

sPF

CsSF

6N

OxCO

NM

VOCs

SO2

ktkt

CO2e

kt

4D2

Indu

stria

l was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t and

di

scha

rge

80.6

1N

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

4EOt

her

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

5OT

HER

5AIn

dire

ct

N2O

em

issi

ons

from

th

e at

mos

pher

ic d

epos

ition

s of

nitr

ogen

in

NOx

and

NH

3

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

5BOt

her

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

MEM

O IT

EMS

INTE

RNAT

ION

AL B

UNKE

RS

Inte

rnat

iona

l avi

atio

nN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

Inte

rnat

iona

l wat

er-b

orne

tran

spor

tN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

Mul

tilat

eral

ope

ratio

nsN

EN

EN

EN

EN

EN

E

117


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXESAnne

x 2.

Res

ults

of u

ncer

tain

ties

asse

ssm

ent o

f Vie

t Nam

’s n

atio

nal G

HG

inve

ntor

y fo

r 20

16

No.

IPCC

Code

Sour

ceG

HG

Emis

sion

/Re

mov

al

Unc

erta

inty

ofE

mis

sion

/Rem

oval

Unc

erta

inty

of AD

Unc

erta

inty

of EFs

ktCO

2e%

11A

1ai

Elec

trici

ty g

ener

atio

nCO

288

,482

.75

10.3

7.5

7.0

21A

1ai

Elec

trici

ty g

ener

atio

nCH

467

.28

100.

37.

582

.2

31A

1ai

Elec

trici

ty g

ener

atio

nN

2O34

0.12

505.

17.

547

6.9

41A

1bPe

trole

um re

finin

gCO

225

1.11

10.3

7.5

7.0

51A

1bPe

trole

um re

finin

gCH

40.

2910

0.3

7.5

100.

0

61A

1bPe

trole

um re

finin

gN

2O0.

5450

5.1

7.5

505.

0

71A

1ci

Man

ufac

ture

of s

olid

fuel

s CH

415

.95

100.

37.

510

0.0

81A

1ci

Man

ufac

ture

of s

olid

fuel

sN

2O20

.13

505.

17.

550

5.0

91A

1cii

Othe

r ene

rgy

indu

strie

sCO

262

.95

10.3

7.5

7.0

101A

1cii

Othe

r ene

rgy

indu

strie

sCH

40.

0310

0.3

7.5

100.

0

111A

1cii

Othe

r ene

rgy

indu

strie

sN

2O0.

0350

5.1

7.5

505.

0

121A

2aIro

n an

d st

eel

CO2

8,75

7.59

18.8

17.5

7.0

131A

2aIro

n an

d st

eel

CH4

23.3

010

1.5

17.5

100.

0

141A

2aIro

n an

d st

eel

N2O

33.0

950

5.3

17.5

505.

0

151A

2cCh

emic

als

CO2

2,28

6.29

18.8

17.5

7.0

161A

2cCh

emic

als

CH4

5.41

101.

517

.510

0.0

171A

2cCh

emic

als

N2O

7.71

505.

317

.550

5.0

181A

2dPu

lp, p

aper

and

prin

tCO

276

0.45

18.8

17.5

7.0

191A

2dPu

lp, p

aper

and

prin

tCH

41.

9910

1.5

17.5

100.

0

118

Annexes

201A

2dPu

lp, p

aper

and

prin

tN

2O2.

8750

5.3

17.5

505.

0

211A

2eFo

od p

roce

ssin

g, b

ever

ages

and

toba

cco

CO2

1,62

9.60

18.8

17.5

7.0

221A

2eFo

od p

roce

ssin

g, b

ever

ages

and

toba

cco

CH4

50.0

610

1.5

17.5

100.

0

231A

2eFo

od p

roce

ssin

g, b

ever

ages

and

toba

cco

N2O

63.9

350

5.3

17.5

505.

0

241A

2fN

on-m

etal

lic m

iner

als

CO2

14,4

02.7

718

.817

.57.

0

251A

2fN

on-m

etal

lic m

iner

als

CH4

53.1

010

1.5

17.5

100.

0

261A

2fN

on-m

etal

lic m

iner

als

N2O

73.3

350

5.3

17.5

505.

0

271A

2gTr

ansp

orta

tion

equi

pmen

tCO

219

4.48

18.8

17.5

7.0

281A

2gTr

ansp

orta

tion

equi

pmen

tCH

40.

1610

1.5

17.5

100.

0

291A

2gTr

ansp

orta

tion

equi

pmen

tN

2O0.

2450

5.3

17.5

505.

0

301A

2hM

achi

nery

CO2

246.

5118

.817

.57.

0

311A

2hM

achi

nery

CH4

0.18

101.

517

.510

0.0

321A

2hM

achi

nery

N2O

0.26

505.

317

.550

5.0

331A

2iM

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

CO2

313.

6518

.817

.57.

0

341A

2iM

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

CH4

0.88

101.

517

.510

0.0

351A

2iM

inin

g an

d qu

arry

ing

N2O

1.26

505.

317

.550

5.0

361A

2jW

ood

and

woo

d pr

oduc

tsCO

282

.01

18.8

17.5

7.0

371A

2jW

ood

and

woo

d pr

oduc

tsCH

434

.57

101.

517

.510

0.0

381A

2jW

ood

and

woo

d pr

oduc

tsN

2O43

.68

505.

317

.550

5.0

391A

2kCo

nstru

ctio

n CO

22,

571.

6918

.817

.57.

0

401A

2kCo

nstru

ctio

n CH

43.

0310

1.5

17.5

100.

0

411A

2kCo

nstru

ctio

n N

2O5.

6450

5.3

17.5

505.

0

421A

2lTe

xtile

and

leat

her

CO2

3,35

2.31

18.8

17.5

7.0

119


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

431A

2lTe

xtile

and

leat

her

CH4

54.9

410

1.5

17.5

100.

0

441A

2lTe

xtile

and

leat

her

N2O

70.8

650

5.3

17.5

505.

0

451A

2mN

on-s

peci

fied

indu

stry

CO2

1,73

4.14

18.8

17.5

7.0

461A

2mN

on-s

peci

fied

indu

stry

CH4

4.77

101.

517

.510

0.0

471A

2mN

on-s

peci

fied

indu

stry

N2O

6.80

505.

317

.550

5.0

481A

3aCi

vil a

viat

ion

CO2

2,23

3.68

5.6

5.0

2.5

491A

3aCi

vil a

viat

ion

CH4

0.44

50.2

5.0

50.0

501A

3aCi

vil a

viat

ion

N2O

16.5

675

.25.

075

.0

511A

3bRo

ad tr

ansp

orta

tion

CO2

29,9

95.1

44.

32.

53.

5

521A

3bRo

ad tr

ansp

orta

tion

CH4

243.

4720

.22.

520

.0

531A

3bRo

ad tr

ansp

orta

tion

N2O

389.

9325

.12.

525

.0

541A

3cRa

ilway

sCO

213

6.10

2.9

2.5

1.5

551A

3cRa

ilway

sCH

40.

2120

.22.

520

.0

561A

3cRa

ilway

sN

2O13

.92

100.

02.

510

0.0

571A

3dW

ater

-bor

ne n

avig

atio

nCO

211

,622

.23

25.0

25.0

1.5

581A

3dW

ater

-bor

ne n

avig

atio

nCH

422

.13

35.4

25.0

25.0

591A

3dW

ater

-bor

ne n

avig

atio

nN

2O59

.83

103.

125

.010

0.0

601A

4aCo

mm

erci

al/in

stitu

tiona

lCO

22,

088.

0321

.220

.07.

0

611A

4aCo

mm

erci

al/in

stitu

tiona

lCH

410

.34

121.

720

.012

0.0

621A

4aCo

mm

erci

al/in

stitu

tiona

lN

2O3.

7650

5.4

20.0

505.

0

631A

4bRe

side

ntia

lCO

26,

994.

1121

.220

.07.

0

641A

4bRe

side

ntia

lCH

459

0.75

121.

720

.012

0.0

651A

4bRe

side

ntia

lN

2O54

.79

505.

420

.050

5.0

120

Annexes

661A

4cAg

ricul

ture

/fore

stry

/fish

ing/

fish

farm

sCO

28,

235.

9121

.220

.07.

0

671A

4cAg

ricul

ture

/fore

stry

/fish

ing/

fish

farm

sCH

414

3.54

121.

720

.012

0.0

681A

4cAg

ricul

ture

/fore

stry

/fish

ing/

fish

farm

sN

2O32

.00

505.

420

.050

5.0

691B

1ai

Unde

rgro

und

min

esCH

42,

652.

9939

.43.

639

.2

701B

1aii

Surfa

ce m

ines

CH4

0.35

92.5

4.6

92.3

711B

2aOi

lCO

276

7.48

41.8

11.3

40.3

721B

2aOi

lCH

414

,270

.02

327.

39.

232

7.2

731B

2aOi

lN

2O2.

8860

0.1

12.5

600.

0

741B

2bN

atur

al g

asCO

275

6.36

116.

511

.611

5.9

751B

2bN

atur

al g

asCH

43,

777.

1011

8.2

11.8

117.

6

761B

2bN

atur

al g

asN

2O0.

1860

0.1

12.5

600.

0

772A

1Ce

men

t pro

duct

ion

CO2

36,7

73.0

033

.515

.030

.0

782A

2Li

me

prod

uctio

nCO

23,

825.

0015

.115

.02.

0

792A

3G

lass

pro

duct

ion

CO2

319.

2042

.75.

042

.4

802B

1Am

mon

ia p

rodu

ctio

nCO

21,

271.

7828

.64.

028

.3

812B

2N

itric

aci

d pr

oduc

tion

N2O

24.1

225

.12.

025

.0

822C

1Iro

n an

d st

eel p

rodu

ctio

nCO

23,

858.

2224

.18.

922

.3

832F

3Fi

re p

rote

ctio

nH

FCs

23.3

216

.19.

612

.8

843A

1ai

Dai

ry c

ows

CH4

538.

8141

.210

.040

.0

853A

1aii

Othe

r cat

tleCH

46,

861.

0541

.210

.040

.0

863A

1bBu

ffalo

CH4

3,87

9.89

41.2

10.0

40.0

873A

1cSh

eep

CH4

17.6

641

.210

.040

.0

883A

1dG

oats

CH4

282.

9441

.210

.040

.0

893A

1fH

orse

sCH

427

.27

41.2

10.0

40.0

121


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

903A

1hSw

ine

CH4

814.

1141

.210

.040

.0

913A

2ai

Dai

ry c

ows

CH4

61.6

818

.910

.016

.0

923A

2ai

Dai

ry c

ows

N2O

65.9

113

8.6

17.3

137.

5

933A

2aii

Othe

r cat

tleCH

468

8.27

18.9

10.0

16.0

943A

2aii

Othe

r cat

tleN

2O65

8.76

138.

617

.313

7.5

953A

2bBu

ffalo

CH4

464.

2018

.910

.016

.0

963A

2bBu

ffalo

N2O

379.

5113

8.6

17.3

137.

5

973A

2cSh

eep

CH4

2.49

18.9

10.0

16.0

983A

2cSh

eep

N2O

5.48

138.

617

.313

7.5

993A

2dG

oats

CH4

34.6

218

.910

.016

.0

100

3A2d

Goa

tsN

2O10

2.90

138.

617

.313

7.5

101

3A2f

Hor

ses

CH4

6.11

18.9

10.0

16.0

102

3A2f

Hor

ses

N2O

5.55

138.

617

.313

7.5

103

3A2h

Swin

eCH

41,

034.

7818

.910

.016

.0

104

3A2h

Swin

eN

2O75

6.37

138.

617

.313

7.5

105

3A2i

Poul

tryCO

283

9.20

18.9

10.0

16.0

106

3A2i

Poul

tryCH

498

5.80

138.

617

.313

7.5

107

3B1a

Fore

st la

nd re

mai

ning

fore

st la

ndCO

2-4

2,70

4.93

59.6

10.2

68.4

108

3B1b

iCr

opla

nd c

onve

rted

to fo

rest

land

CO2

-793

.85

77.2

15.0

75.7

109

3B1b

iiG

rass

land

con

verte

d to

fore

st la

ndCO

2-1

1,03

0.95

77.2

15.0

75.7

110

3B1b

iiiW

etla

nds

conv

erte

d to

fore

st la

ndCO

2-6

5.85

18.1

15.0

10.2

111

3B1b

ivSe

ttlem

ents

con

verte

d to

fore

st la

ndCO

2-9

.59

52.2

15.0

50.0

112

3B1b

vOt

her L

and

conv

erte

d to

fore

st la

ndCO

2-5

2.62

52.2

15.0

50.0

113

3B2a

Crop

land

rem

aini

ng to

cro

plan

dCO

2-1

,026

.04

118.

014

.111

7.2

122

Annexes

114

3B2b

iFo

rest

land

con

verte

d to

cro

plan

dCO

25,

623.

3314

6.1

14.1

145.

4

115

3B2b

iiG

rass

land

con

verte

d to

cro

plan

dCO

2-8

91.2

713

4.2

15.0

133.

2

116

3B2b

iiiW

etla

nds

conv

erte

d to

cro

plan

dCO

2-5

3.32

111.

215

.011

0.2

117

3B2b

ivSe

ttlem

ents

con

verte

d to

cro

plan

dCO

2-8

.93

118.

215

.011

7.3

118

3B2b

vOt

her l

and

conv

erte

d to

cro

plan

dCO

2-6

.17

118.

215

.011

7.3

119

3B3b

iFo

rest

land

con

verte

d to

gra

ssla

ndCO

21,

168.

7011

5.2

15.0

114.

2

120

3B3b

iiCr

opla

nd c

onve

rted

to g

rass

land

CO2

216.

1313

4.2

15.0

133.

3

121

3B3b

iiiW

etla

nds

conv

erte

d to

gra

ssla

ndCO

2-0

.79

117.

215

.011

0.2

122

3B3b

ivSe

ttlem

ents

con

verte

d to

gra

ssla

ndCO

2-0

.35

118.

215

.011

7.3

123

3B3b

vOt

her L

and

conv

erte

d to

gra

ssla

ndCO

2-0

.05

118.

215

.011

7.3

124

3B4b

iLa

nd c

onve

rted

to p

eat e

xtra

ctio

nCO

252

6.56

33.5

15.0

30.0

125

3B4b

iiiLa

nd c

onve

rted

to fl

oode

d la

ndCO

251

3.90

76.5

15.0

75.0

126

3B4b

iiiLa

nd c

onve

rted

to o

ther

wet

land

sCO

26.

4376

.515

.075

.0

127

3B5b

iFo

rest

land

con

verte

d to

set

tlem

ents

CO2

890.

6596

.618

.094

.9

128

3B5b

iiCr

opla

nd c

onve

rted

to s

ettle

men

tsCO

21,

016.

1276

.515

.075

.0

129

3B5b

iiiG

rass

land

con

verte

d to

set

tlem

ents

CO2

12.3

776

.515

.075

.0

130

3B6b

iFo

rest

land

con

verte

d to

oth

er la

ndCO

25,

335.

5133

.515

.030

.0

131

3B6b

iiCr

opla

nd c

onve

rted

to o

ther

land

CO2

1,35

0.75

76.5

15.0

75.0

132

3B6b

iiiG

rass

land

con

verte

d to

oth

er la

ndCO

249

3.00

76.5

15.0

75.0

133

3C1a

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in fo

rest

land

CH4

11.3

510

0.8

10.0

100.

3

134

3C1a

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in fo

rest

land

N2O

3.16

72.0

10.0

71.3

135

3C1b

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in c

ropl

and

CH4

1,24

4.59

133.

853

.212

2.7

136

3C1b

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in c

ropl

and

N2O

309.

4911

3.6

53.2

100.

4

123


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

137

3C1c

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in g

rass

land

CH4

31.7

814

7.0

53.2

137.

0

138

3C1c

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in g

rass

land

N2O

9.95

125.

153

.211

3.3

139

3C1d

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in a

ll ot

her l

and

CH4

10.8

011

2.5

51.0

100.

3

140

3C1d

Biom

ass

burn

ing

in a

ll ot

her l

and

N2O

3.01

87.7

51.0

71.3

141

3C2

Lim

ing

CO2

565.

7982

.510

6.1

70.7

142

3C3

Urea

ferti

lisat

ion

CO2

1,43

6.11

53.9

20.0

50.0

143

3C4

Dire

ct N

2O e

mis

sion

s fro

m m

anag

ed s

oils

N2O

7,75

4.11

135.

450

.012

5.8

144

3C5

Indi

rect

N2O

em

issi

ons

from

man

aged

soi

lsN

2O3,

752.

5516

0.5

50.0

152.

5

145

3C6

Indi

rect

N2O

em

issi

ons

from

man

ure

man

agem

ent

N2O

221.

9011

0.3

12.0

109.

7

146

3C7

Rice

cul

tivat

ions

CH4

49,6

93.0

263

.230

.055

.6

147

4ASo

lid w

aste

dis

posa

lCH

410

,438

.86

26.8

17.3

20.6

148

4BBi

olog

ical

trea

tmen

t of s

olid

was

teCH

469

.45

40.2

40.0

4.0

149

4BBi

olog

ical

trea

tmen

t of s

olid

was

teN

2O39

.44

72.1

40.0

60.0

150

4C1

Was

te in

cine

ratio

n CO

252

8.09

64.0

50.0

40.0

151

4C1

Was

te in

cine

ratio

n CH

40.

1394

.350

.080

.0

152

4C1

Was

te in

cine

ratio

n N

2O11

.38

94.3

50.0

80.0

153

4C2

Open

bur

ning

of w

aste

CO2

273.

9166

.150

.043

.3

154

4C2

Open

bur

ning

of w

aste

CH4

377.

1598

.650

.085

.0

155

4C2

Open

bur

ning

of w

aste

N2O

50.7

098

.650

.085

.0

156

4D1

Dom

estic

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t and

dis

char

geCH

44,

805.

6623

.619

.513

.2

157

4D1

Dom

estic

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t and

dis

char

geN

2O1,

886.

5514

2.8

142.

510

.0

158

4D2

Indu

stria

l was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t and

dis

char

geCH

42,

257.

0545

.532

.032

.4

124

Annexes

Anne

x 3.

Info

rmat

ion

on G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

activ

ities

and

pro

ject

s

Anne

x 3-

1. U

pdat

ed o

utco

mes

on

GH

G e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

roje

cts

repo

rted

in B

UR2

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

I. In

ter-

sect

oral

GH

G e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

roje

cts

1. V

iet N

am P

artn

ersh

ip fo

r mar

ket r

eadi

ness

(VN

PMR)

The

proj

ect w

as im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

017

to 2

020,

dur

ing

whi

ch

all 0

3 co

mpo

nent

s ha

d be

en c

ompl

eted

, inc

ludi

ng:

Com

pone

nt 1

: St

reng

then

ing

the

capa

city

to

prep

are

carb

on

pric

ing

appr

oach

es a

nd s

uppo

rt th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

mar

ket-

base

d in

stru

men

ts.

Com

pone

nt 2

: Bui

ldin

g th

e re

adin

ess

for p

ilotin

g m

arke

t-bas

ed

inst

rum

ents

.

Com

pone

nt

3:

Enha

ncin

g pr

ogra

m

man

agem

ent

and

stak

ehol

ders

’ eng

agem

ent.

The

proj

ect

does

no

t ha

ve

spec

ific

targ

ets f

or G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n

- Pro

mot

ing

sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent.

- En

cour

agin

g an

d fa

cilit

atin

g bo

th

com

mun

ity

and

priv

ate

sect

or p

artic

ipat

ion

in G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

inve

stm

ents

.

II. G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

activ

ities

and

pro

ject

s in

ene

rgy

sect

or1.

Low

car

bon

trans

ition

in e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

sect

or (L

CEE)

The

proj

ect

was

im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

013

to 2

017

with

all

02

com

pone

nts

com

plet

ed, i

nclu

ding

:

Com

pone

nt

1:

Impr

ovin

g en

ergy

ef

ficie

ncy

in

smal

l an

d m

ediu

m-s

ized

ent

erpr

ises

rela

ted

to 0

3 se

ctor

s: b

rick

prod

uctio

n,

cera

mic

s pr

oduc

tion,

and

food

pro

cess

ing.

Com

pone

nt 2

: Im

prov

ing

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

in

cons

truct

ion

wor

ks t

o im

plem

ent

the

Nat

iona

l te

chni

cal

regu

latio

ns o

n en

ergy

effi

cien

cy b

uild

ings

(QC0

9:20

13/B

XD).

- Co

mpo

nent

1:

Dire

ctly

sav

ing

416,

316.

18

MW

h/ye

ar

and

redu

cing

23

1,51

4.15

tC

O 2e/

year

; in

dire

ctly

co

ntrib

utin

g to

de

crea

ses

of

57,5

52.9

4 M

Wh/

year

and

44,

260.

62 tC

O 2e/y

ear.

Com

pone

nt

2:

Incr

easi

ng

the

pote

ntia

l fo

r en

ergy

ef

ficie

ncy

in

larg

e bu

ildin

gs

to

23-

40%

w

ith

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

- Red

ucin

g en

viro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tion

from

trad

ition

al b

rick

and

cera

mic

s pr

oduc

tion,

and

usi

ng n

atur

al r

esou

rces

ec

onom

ical

ly a

nd e

ffici

ently

;

- Im

prov

ing

prod

uct q

ualit

y th

roug

h th

e us

e of

adv

ance

d pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gies

, ef

ficie

nt

and

envi

ronm

ent-

frien

dly

use

of e

nerg

y;

125


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

by

2027

ex

pect

ed

to

reac

h 2,

959,

558

MW

h/ye

ar

and

1,66

9,19

1 M

tCO 2e

/yea

r if

QCV

N09

:201

3 is

co

mpl

ied

with

; 4,

069,

392

MW

h/ye

ar

and

2,29

5,13

7 M

tCO 2e

(in

ac

cord

ance

with

dem

onst

ratio

n m

odel

s fo

r new

bui

ldin

gs).

- G

ener

atin

g m

ore

inco

mes

and

em

ploy

men

t for

farm

ers

as a

resu

lt of

bio

mas

s co

llect

ion,

tran

spor

t, an

d sa

le.

- Pr

omot

ing

the

use

of R

E in

the

ind

ustri

al s

ecto

r an

d co

nstru

ctio

n w

orks

;

- Im

prov

ing

capa

city

and

kno

wle

dge

for

stak

ehol

ders

ab

out e

nerg

y sa

ving

and

effi

cien

cy.

2. V

iet N

am e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

for i

ndus

trial

ent

erpr

ises

(VEE

IE)

Impl

emen

ted

from

201

7 to

202

2, t

he p

roje

ct i

nclu

des

02

com

pone

nts:

Com

pone

nt 1

: Par

ticip

atin

g fin

anci

al in

stitu

tions

(PFI

) inv

olve

d in

len

ding

(in

clud

ing

Viet

com

bank

and

Ban

k fo

r In

vest

men

t an

d D

evel

opm

ent o

f Vie

t Nam

(BID

V)) t

o bu

sine

sses

to in

vest

in

ener

gy-s

avin

g pr

ojec

ts w

ith a

tota

l val

ue o

f USD

156

.3 m

illio

n in

5 y

ears

.

Com

pone

nt 2

: Sup

porti

ng th

e pr

ojec

t im

plem

enta

tion

(USD

1.7

m

illio

n).

Savi

ng

4,63

9,00

0 M

Wh

and

redu

cing

G

HG

em

issi

on

to

5,02

7,00

02 tCO

2e.

Expe

cted

an

nual

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n re

achi

ng 4

,835

MtC

O 2e

at th

e en

d of

the

proj

ect.

- Red

ucin

g ot

her p

ollu

tant

s.

- Re

duci

ng c

osts

of

prod

ucts

and

ser

vice

s an

d en

surin

g em

ploy

men

t.

- Pro

mot

ing

the

envi

ronm

enta

lly fr

iend

ly in

dust

ry.

2 ht

tp://

docu

men

ts1.

wor

ldba

nk.o

rg/c

urat

ed/e

n/45

4681

4932

2649

2762

/pdf

/PAD

1719

-PAD

-PUB

LIC-

PAD

-dis

clos

able

-ver

sion

P151

086-

upda

ted-

SECP

O-0

328-

2017

.pdf

126

Annexes

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

3. D

evel

opm

ent a

nd p

rom

otio

n of

LED

tech

nolo

gies

for g

ener

al li

ghtin

g in

Vie

t Nam

The

proj

ect w

as im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

016

to 2

019,

dur

ing

whi

ch

all 0

2 co

mpo

nent

s ha

d be

en c

ompl

eted

, inc

ludi

ng:

Com

pone

nt 1

: Tra

nsfe

rrin

g sk

ills,

kno

wle

dge,

and

tech

nolo

gies

in

LED

ligh

t pro

duct

ion.

Com

pone

nt 2

: Dem

onst

ratin

g th

e do

mes

tic p

rodu

ctio

n of

cos

t-ef

fect

ive

com

mer

cial

LED

ligh

ting

fixtu

res.

- Re

duci

ng G

HG

em

issi

ons

by

1,24

63 tC

O 2e

(dire

ctly

), an

d 2,

049,

5104 t

CO2e

(ind

irect

ly).

- Dev

elop

ing

a ro

adm

ap fo

r the

dev

elop

men

t of t

he L

ED

light

ing

indu

stry

unt

il 20

25.

- Dev

elop

ing

04 V

iet N

am s

tand

ards

for L

ED p

rodu

cts.

- Dev

elop

ing

and

impl

emen

ting

the

Ener

gy la

belli

ng a

nd

certi

ficat

ion

prog

ram

me

for L

ED li

ghtin

g pr

oduc

ts.

- Or

gani

sing

05

train

ing

cour

ses

for

mor

e th

an 3

00

engi

neer

s an

d te

chni

cian

s na

tionw

ide.

- In

crea

sing

the

mar

ket

shar

e of

Vie

tnam

ese

LED

lig

ht

man

ufac

ture

rs fr

om 1

% in

201

4 to

49%

in 2

019.

III.

GH

G e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

roje

cts

in th

e IP

sec

tor

1. E

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

impr

ovem

ent i

n co

mm

erci

al a

nd h

igh-

rise

resi

dent

ial b

uild

ings

(EEC

B)Im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

016

to 2

021,

the

pro

ject

inc

lude

s 03

co

mpo

nent

s: 1

) Im

prov

ing

and

impl

emen

ting

QC

09:2

013/

BXD

; 2)

Cre

atin

g m

arke

t de

velo

pmen

t an

d su

ppor

t in

itiat

ives

; 3)

Dem

onst

ratin

g an

d up

scal

ing

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

tech

nolo

gica

l so

lutio

ns in

the

cons

truct

ion

sect

or.

- Re

duci

ng e

mis

sion

s by

38,

656

tCO 2e

in th

e 20

16-2

020

perio

d.

- Re

duci

ng i

ndire

ct e

mis

sion

by

72,1

88.4

9 tC

O 2e (

10 y

ears

afte

r th

e pr

ojec

t im

plem

enta

tion)

.

- Rai

sing

aw

aren

ess o

f the

des

ign,

con

stru

ctio

n, o

pera

tion,

an

d m

anag

emen

t of e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

wor

ks.

- Co

ntrib

utin

g to

th

e fo

rmat

ion

of

a gr

een

build

ing

deve

lopm

ent m

inds

et.

- Cre

atin

g jo

bs a

nd in

crea

sing

inco

mes

.

- Im

prov

ing

cons

umer

hea

lth a

nd b

ehav

iors

.

- Ca

rryi

ng o

ut t

he t

echn

olog

ical

tra

nsfe

r an

d ac

hiev

ing

tech

nolo

gica

l aut

onom

y.

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127


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

2. P

rom

otio

n of

non

-fire

d br

ick

prod

uctio

n an

d ut

iliza

tion

in V

iet N

amIm

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

016

to 2

019,

the

pro

ject

inc

lude

s fo

ur

com

pone

nts:

1)

Polic

y su

ppor

t fo

r no

n-fir

ed b

rick

tech

nolo

gy

deve

lopm

ent;

2) D

evel

opm

ent

of t

echn

ical

cap

acity

to

appl

y an

d op

erat

e no

n-fir

ed b

rick

prod

uctio

n an

d us

e its

pro

duct

s; 3

) Su

stai

nabl

e fin

anci

al s

uppo

rt fo

r th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

non

-fire

d br

ick

prod

uctio

n te

chno

logi

es;

4) D

emon

stra

tion

of n

on-fi

red

bric

k pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy, i

nves

tmen

t and

ups

calin

g.

Achi

evin

g a

tota

l GH

G e

mis

sion

re

duct

ion

of

383,

000

tCO 2e

in

5

year

s of

th

e pr

ojec

t’s

impl

emen

tatio

n, a

tot

al i

ndire

ct

emis

sion

of

13,4

09,0

00 t

CO2e

, w

hich

is

accu

mul

ated

with

in 1

0 ye

ars

afte

r the

pro

ject

end

s.

Achi

evin

g a

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n of

36,

560T

OE, a

nd

incr

easi

ng th

e m

arke

t sha

re o

f non

-fire

d br

icks

to 2

8.5%

in

201

9 (a

n in

crea

se o

f 15.

5% c

ompa

red

to 2

015)

thro

ugh

proj

ect

activ

ities

inc

ludi

ng p

roje

ct d

emon

stra

tion

and

upsc

alin

g, c

apac

ity b

uild

ing,

and

pol

icy

supp

ort.

IV. A

ctiv

ities

and

pro

ject

s fo

r G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

in A

FOLU

sec

tor

1. L

ow c

arbo

n ag

ricul

tura

l sup

port

prog

ram

e (L

CASP

)Im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

013

to 2

019,

the

pro

ject

inc

lude

s 03

co

mpo

nent

s:

Com

pone

nt 1

: Liv

esto

ck w

aste

man

agem

ent

(i) S

tand

ardi

sing

and

dis

sem

inat

ing

desi

gn p

acka

ges

to t

he

biog

as v

alue

cha

in m

anag

emen

t;

(ii)

Enha

ncin

g ca

paci

ty f

or r

elev

ant

agen

cies

to

mon

itor

the

exis

ting

biog

as p

lant

s;

(iii)

Prov

idin

g fin

anci

al s

uppo

rt fo

r bio

gas

plan

ts;

(iv) E

nhan

cing

cap

acity

for d

esig

n, c

onst

ruct

ion,

and

mon

itorin

g of

bio

gas

plan

ts;

(v)

Enha

ncin

g ca

paci

ty a

nd p

rovi

ding

equ

ipm

ent

for

rela

ted

units

to m

anag

e th

e na

tiona

l bio

gas

data

base

Outc

omes

dire

ctly

rela

ted

to G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

(no

spec

ific

estim

ate

of

GH

G

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

is y

et a

vaila

ble)

:

(i)

Dec

reas

ing

lives

tock

w

aste

wat

er d

isch

arge

d in

to t

he

envi

ronm

ent b

y 69

.4%

with

COD

de

crea

sed

from

1,8

48.3

to 5

64.6

;

(ii)

Achi

evin

g an

am

ount

of

bi

ogas

pl

ant

emis

sion

s in

th

e LC

ASP

proj

ect o

f 0.5

4 tC

O 2/m3 .

(iii)

Con

verti

ng 1

0% o

f bio

-slu

rry

to o

rgan

ic fe

rtilis

ers;

- Re

duci

ng 2

.85

hour

s of

dai

ly w

orkl

oad

for

wom

en a

nd

child

ren;

- Or

gani

sing

2,

284

train

ing

cour

ses

on

oper

atin

g in

stru

ctio

ns, s

afet

y, a

nd m

aint

enan

ce o

f bio

gas

plan

ts fo

r 62

,992

far

mer

hou

seho

lds,

of

whi

ch 2

3,69

6 pe

ople

are

fe

mal

e, 4

,955

peo

ple

are

ethn

ic m

inor

ities

;

- Or

gani

sing

37

tech

nici

an t

rain

ing

clas

ses

with

1,2

64

parti

cipa

nts,

of w

hich

295

are

fem

ale,

18

build

er tr

aini

ng

clas

ses

with

the

parti

cipa

tion

of 4

95 p

eopl

e, o

f whi

ch 2

8 ar

e fe

mal

e;

- Org

anis

ing 0

2 w

orks

hops

to or

ient

the b

ioga

s dev

elop

men

t m

anag

emen

t and

car

bon

cred

it sa

le a

ctiv

ities

;

128

Annexes

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

Com

pone

nt 2

: Cre

dit f

or b

ioga

s va

lue

chai

ns

(i) S

igni

ng c

ontra

cts

of c

redi

t cou

nsel

ing;

(ii) F

inal

repo

rt on

cre

dit r

esea

rch.

Com

pone

nt 3

: Te

chno

logy

tra

nsfe

r fo

r lo

w-c

arbo

n ag

ricul

tura

l pr

oduc

tion

(iv)

Usin

g at

lea

st 8

8.4%

of

the

ener

gy

prod

uced

fro

m

biog

as

plan

ts.

- Or

gani

sing

64

0 tra

inin

g co

urse

s on

lo

w

carb

on

tech

nolo

gy tr

ansf

er w

ith a

tota

l of 2

0,97

8 pa

rtici

pant

s, o

f w

hich

9,3

24 a

re fe

mal

e (b

y th

e en

d of

201

8).

2. B

ioga

s pr

ogra

mm

e fo

r the

live

stoc

k se

ctor

in V

iet N

am in

the

2016

-202

0 pe

riod

(Pha

se 3

)

Impl

emen

ted

from

200

3 to

202

0, th

e pr

ogra

m h

as b

uilt

179,

483

biog

as p

lant

s, in

whi

ch:

- Fr

om 2

003

to 2

006,

24,

179

biog

as p

lant

s w

ere

built

in

20

prov

ince

s an

d ci

ties;

- Fro

m 2

007

to Ju

ne 2

016,

133

,304

bio

gas

plan

ts w

ere

built

in

55 p

rovi

nces

and

citi

es;

- Fr

om N

ovem

ber

2006

to

Dec

embe

r 20

20,

22,0

00 b

ioga

s pl

ants

wer

e bu

ilt in

40

prov

ince

s an

d ci

ties.

- Red

ucin

g 57

0,00

0 tC

O 2e/y

ear;

- Re

duci

ng e

nviro

nmen

tal

pollu

tion

caus

ed b

y liv

esto

ck

was

te;

- Con

tribu

ting

to th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of t

he n

atio

nal s

trate

gic

targ

ets

on g

reen

gro

wth

;

- Sup

plyi

ng c

lean

and

che

ap e

nerg

y fo

r rur

al p

eopl

e;

- Co

ntrib

utin

g to

pro

tect

ing

fore

sts,

and

red

ucin

g th

e us

e of

foss

il fu

els

and

GH

G e

mis

sion

s.

129


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Stat

usOu

tcom

esG

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Othe

r co

-ben

efits

and

impa

cts

3. U

N-R

EDD

Vie

t Nam

pha

se II

pro

gram

me

(201

3-20

18)

The

proj

ect w

as im

plem

ente

d fro

m 2

013

to 2

018,

dur

ing

whi

ch

all c

ompo

nent

s ha

d be

en c

ompl

eted

, inc

ludi

ng:

- Co

mpo

nent

1:

Build

ing

capa

city

to

oper

ate

the

Nat

iona

l RE

DD

+ ac

tion

plan

(NRA

P);

- Com

pone

nt 2

: Dev

elop

ing

and

impl

emen

ting

RED

D+

Actio

n Pl

an in

06

pilo

t pro

vinc

es;

- Com

pone

nt 3

: Ope

ratin

g the

Nat

iona

l for

est r

esou

rce m

onito

ring

syst

em to

mon

itor a

nd s

erve

the

MRV

and

the

natio

nal R

EDD

+ in

form

atio

n sy

stem

on

safe

guar

ding

;

- Com

pone

nt 4

: Bui

ldin

g the

nat

iona

l ben

efit

shar

ing m

echa

nism

;

- Co

mpo

nent

5:

D

evel

opin

g m

echa

nism

s fo

r so

cial

an

d en

viro

nmen

tal s

afeg

uard

s un

der C

ancu

n Ag

reem

ents

;

- Com

pone

nt 6

: Stre

ngth

enin

g re

gion

al c

oope

ratio

n on

RED

D+

impl

emen

tatio

n in

the

low

er M

ekon

g.

Focu

sing

on

ca

paci

ty-b

uild

ing

activ

ities

with

out s

ettin

g sp

ecifi

c ta

rget

s fo

r re

duci

ng

GH

G

emis

sion

s in

Pha

se II

.

- Ec

onom

ic,

envi

ronm

enta

l, an

d so

cial

ef

ficie

ncy:

Co

ntrib

utin

g to

pro

tect

ing

156,

496h

a of

fore

sts,

pla

ntin

g ne

w 9

99 h

a of

for

est,

deve

lopi

ng l

ivel

ihoo

ds,

build

ing

a nu

mbe

r of

vill

age

infra

stru

ctur

e in

345

vill

ages

with

44

0,92

7 pe

ople

.

- Pol

icy:

Pro

mul

gatin

g th

e N

atio

nal p

rogr

amm

e on

RED

D+

(the

Dec

isio

n N

o.41

9/Q

D-T

TG d

ated

Apr

il 5,

201

7 by

the

Prim

e M

inis

ter)

and

the

Nat

iona

l pro

gram

me

on R

EDD

+ im

plem

enta

tion

Plan

(th

e D

ecis

ion

No.

5264

/QD

-BN

N-

TCLN

dat

ed D

ecem

ber

28, 2

018,

by

the

MAR

D);

inte

grat

ing

RED

D+

activ

ities

int

o fo

rest

pro

tect

ion

and

deve

lopm

ent

plan

s; d

evel

opin

g an

d im

plem

entin

g 06

pr

ovin

cial

RED

D+

actio

n pl

ans

(PRA

Ps) a

nd 3

5 RE

DD

+ gr

assr

oots

pla

ns;

- Im

plem

entin

g ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

for

sust

aina

ble

fore

st

man

agem

ent f

or s

ix fo

rest

ry c

ompa

nies

, six

man

agem

ent

boar

ds o

f pr

otec

tion

fore

sts,

tw

o gr

oups

of

affo

rest

atio

n ho

useh

olds

(5

65

hous

ehol

ds)

with

20

1,27

3ha

of

sust

aina

bly

man

aged

fore

sts,

and

15,

051h

a of

pla

ntat

ion

fore

st c

ertif

ied

for s

usta

inab

le fo

rest

man

agem

ent (

FSC)

.

130

Annexes

Anne

x 3-

2. R

ecen

tly im

plem

ente

d N

AMAs

Hou

sing

NAM

A to

war

ds c

arbo

n-ne

t neu

tral

hou

sing

Su

mm

ary:

- Obj

ectiv

es: T

o pr

omot

e th

e tra

nsiti

on to

low

em

issio

n in

hig

h-ris

e re

siden

tial b

uild

ings

for t

he m

iddl

e-in

com

e se

gmen

t in

Viet

Nam

with

the

focu

s on

new

bui

ldin

gs

thro

ugh

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

app

ropr

iate

em

issio

n re

duct

ion

mea

sure

s, th

us c

ontri

butin

g to

Vie

t Nam

’s ac

hiev

emen

t of o

bjec

tives

in G

HG

em

issio

n re

duct

ion.

- Co

mpo

nent

s: T

he N

AMA

prop

osal

incl

udes

a te

chni

cal c

ompo

nent

with

thre

e m

ain

grou

ps o

f act

iviti

es: (

i) th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

com

plet

ion

of p

olic

ies

for

cons

truct

ion

faci

litie

s w

ith lo

w-c

arbo

n em

issi

on; (

ii) te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt du

ring

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

NAM

A pr

ojec

t; (ii

i) Ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing/

scal

ing

up, a

nd

a fin

anci

al c

ompo

nent

with

the

follo

win

g ac

tiviti

es: (

i) fin

anci

al s

uppo

rt fro

m F

renc

h D

evel

opm

ent A

genc

y (A

FD) a

nd B

IDV

for i

nves

tors

and

hou

se b

uyer

s; (i

i) EU

R 8

mill

ion

of n

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ants

from

the

NAM

A Fa

cilit

y fo

r Vie

t Nam

.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: G

IZ fi

nanc

ed th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he N

AMA

prop

osal

.

Fiel

d: E

nerg

y

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OC

Impl

emen

tatio

n pe

riod

: 05

year

s si

nce

2022

Qua

ntita

tive

obje

ctiv

es: (

i) To

reac

h 27

,000

tCO 2e

of a

ccum

ulat

ed G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

at th

e en

d of

the

proj

ect’s

impl

emen

tatio

n; (i

i) To

reac

h 19

2,00

0 tC

O 2e o

f acc

umul

ated

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n in

10

year

s af

ter t

he p

roje

ct’s

impl

emen

tatio

n; (i

ii) to

hav

e 17

con

stru

ctio

n un

its a

nd 3

,400

apa

rtmen

t ow

ners

in

vest

in lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs a

nd 2

00 a

udito

rs re

ceiv

e tra

inin

g by

the

end

of th

e pr

ojec

t; (iv

) to

issu

e 01

gre

en b

ond

by th

e en

d of

the

Proj

ect;

(v) t

o ha

ve 3

4 bu

ildin

gs re

gist

ered

as

low

-car

bon

build

ings

per

5-s

tar s

tand

ards

of t

he c

arbo

n pe

rform

ance

labe

lling

syst

em (C

PLS)

; (vi

) to

mob

ilize

a to

tal o

f EUR

200

mill

ion

in p

ublic

inve

stm

ent a

nd E

UR 2

57.9

mill

ion

in p

rivat

e in

vest

men

t by

the

end

of th

e pr

ojec

t. Tr

acki

ng m

etri

cs: i

) The

am

ount

of G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

achi

eved

; (ii)

the

num

ber o

f uni

ts/in

divi

dual

s be

nefit

ing

dire

ctly

from

the

Proj

ect;

(ii) t

he n

umbe

r of

gre

en b

onds

issu

ed to

rein

vest

in lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs; (

iv) t

he n

umbe

r of b

uild

ings

regi

ster

ed a

s pe

r 5-s

tar s

tand

ards

acc

ordi

ng to

CPL

S; (v

) the

am

ount

of

fund

ing

mob

ilise

d fro

m th

e pu

blic

and

priv

ate

sect

ors.

Fund

ing:

The

fund

ing

for N

AMA’

s im

plem

enta

tion

incl

udes

:

- A c

once

ssio

nal l

oan

of E

UR 2

00 m

illio

n fro

m A

FD fo

r pro

ject

s m

eetin

g gr

een

build

ing

and

low

em

issi

on s

tand

ards

;

- EUR

8 m

illio

n of

non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

ts fr

om th

e N

AMA

Faci

lity

to re

duce

the

inte

rest

rate

(exp

ecte

d to

be

2% lo

wer

) com

pare

d to

the

mar

ket p

rice

for h

ousi

ng

cons

truct

ion

and

deve

lopm

ent f

irms

and

buye

rs o

f apa

rtmen

ts in

gre

en b

uild

ings

with

low

em

issi

on.

131


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

d

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

step

s to

ach

ieve

the

obje

ctiv

esAc

hiev

ed/

expe

cted

out

com

esEs

timat

ed a

mou

nt o

f em

issi

on r

educ

tion

Co-b

enef

its a

ndot

her

impa

cts

To

have

17

lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs r

egis

tere

d, b

uilt,

au

dite

d, a

nd c

ertif

ied

with

5-

star

sta

ndar

ds a

ccor

ding

to

CPL

S

- Dev

elop

ing

CPLS

and

rela

ted

polic

ies;

- Es

tabl

ishi

ng t

he N

atio

nal

regi

stra

tion

syst

em f

or

build

ings

to e

nabl

e co

nstru

ctio

n un

its a

nd a

partm

ent

owne

rs to

regi

ster

;

- Dev

elop

ing

and

impl

emen

ting

the

MRV

sys

tem

;

- Im

prov

ing

capa

city

in

desi

gnin

g an

d co

nstru

ctin

g lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs fo

r con

stru

ctio

n un

its;

- Es

tabl

ishi

ng

asse

ssm

ent,

certi

ficat

ion,

an

d re

gist

ratio

n sy

stem

s fo

r ind

epen

dent

aud

iting

uni

ts;

- Es

tabl

ishi

ng

finan

cial

su

ppor

t an

d co

nces

sion

al

loan

mec

hani

sms f

or c

onst

ruct

ion

units

and

ow

ners

of

apar

tmen

ts in

low

-car

bon

build

ings

.

The

NAM

A pr

opos

al

was

sub

mitt

ed t

o th

e N

AMA

Faci

lity

in

Sept

embe

r 202

0.

- 27,

000t

CO2e

of

acc

umul

ated

G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n at

the

end

of th

e pr

ojec

t’s

impl

emen

tatio

n;

- 92,

000t

CO2 e

of

accu

mul

ated

GH

G

emis

sion

redu

ctio

n in

10

year

s af

ter

the

proj

ect’s

im

plem

enta

tion;

- 17

cons

truct

ion

units

an

d 3,

400

hom

eow

ners

in

vest

ing

in lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs, a

nd 2

00 a

udito

rs

train

ed;

- 01

gree

n bo

nds

issu

ed;

- 34

build

ings

regi

ster

ed a

s lo

w-c

arbo

n bu

ildin

gs p

er

5-st

ar s

tand

ards

of C

PLS;

- EUR

200

mill

ion

of

publ

ic in

vest

men

t cap

ital

and

EUR

257.

9 m

illio

n of

pr

ivat

e in

vest

men

t cap

ital

mob

ilise

d

132

Annexes

Anne

x 3-

3. R

ecen

tly im

plem

ente

d in

ter-

sect

oral

miti

gatio

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

roje

cts

Supp

ort f

or V

iet N

am in

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Pari

s Ag

reem

ent (

VN-S

IPA)

Sum

mar

y:

- Obj

ectiv

es: T

o st

reng

then

the

natio

nal l

egal

fram

ewor

k an

d ca

paci

ty to

sup

port

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Paris

Agr

eem

ent,

with

a fo

cus

on V

iet N

am’s

ND

C im

plem

enta

tion.

- Co

mpo

nent

s: i

) Co

mpo

nent

1:

Stre

ngth

enin

g ca

paci

ty t

o de

velo

p, r

evie

w,

upda

te a

nd i

mpl

emen

t N

DC

and

the

Paris

Agr

eem

ent;

ii) S

treng

then

ing

Lega

l Fr

amew

ork

for

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Paris

Agr

eem

ent a

nd th

e in

tegr

atio

n of

ND

C in

to th

e se

ctor

stra

tegi

es o

f min

istri

es; i

ii) C

ompo

nent

3: I

mpl

emen

ting

ecos

yste

m-b

ased

ada

ptat

ion

pilo

t so

lutio

n in

Ha

Tinh

and

Qua

ng B

inh;

iv)

Com

pone

nt 4

: D

evel

opin

g so

me

NAM

As;

Com

pone

nt 5

: St

reng

then

ing

the

coor

dina

tion

of p

roje

cts u

nder

the

Inte

rnat

iona

l Clim

ate

Initi

ativ

e (IK

I); a

nd C

ompo

nent

6: P

rovi

ding

con

sulta

ncy,

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g an

d te

chni

cal a

ssis

tanc

e to

co

ntrib

ute

to th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he N

atio

nal A

dapt

atio

n Pl

an (N

AP).

- Sp

onso

ring

age

ncy:

Ger

man

y’s

Fede

ral

Min

istry

of

the

Envi

ronm

ent,

Nat

ure

Cons

erva

tion,

and

Nuc

lear

Saf

ety

(BM

U) p

rovi

des

its s

uppo

rt un

der

the

IKI

fram

ewor

k vi

a G

IZ.

Fiel

d: In

ter-s

ecto

ral

GH

G: G

HG

s w

ill b

e sp

ecifi

ed in

NAM

A pr

opos

als

rega

rdin

g ac

tiviti

es a

cros

s ag

ricul

ture

, tra

nspo

rt, c

onst

ruct

ion,

and

dom

estic

inve

stm

ent s

ecto

rs.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ONRE

coo

rdin

ates

with

the

MPI

, MOT

, MOC

, MAR

D, a

nd th

e Pe

ople

’s C

omm

ittee

s of

Ha

Tinh

and

Qua

ng B

inh

prov

ince

s.

Impl

emen

tatio

n pe

riod

: Sep

tem

ber 2

019-

Augu

st 2

023

Qua

ntita

tive

obje

ctiv

es: Q

uant

itativ

e ob

ject

ives

will

be

spec

ified

in th

e N

AMA

prop

osal

s.

Trac

king

met

rics

: Tra

ckin

g m

etric

s w

ill b

e sp

ecifi

ed in

the

NAM

A pr

opos

als.

Fund

ing:

Tot

al: U

SD 1

2,61

1,40

0, in

clud

ing

USD

11,

721,

400

of O

DA

and

USD

890

,000

of r

ecip

roca

l cap

ital.

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

will

be

spec

ified

in N

AMA

prop

osal

s.

Met

hodo

logy

: The

met

hodo

logy

will

be

spec

ified

in th

e N

AMA

prop

osal

s.

Assu

mpt

ion:

Ass

umpt

ions

will

be

spec

ified

in th

e N

AMA

prop

osal

s.

133


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Supp

ort f

or V

iet N

am in

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Pari

s Ag

reem

ent (

VN-S

IPA)

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

achi

eve

the

obje

ctiv

esAc

hiev

ed/e

xpec

ted

outc

omes

- To

stre

ngth

en t

he l

egal

fra

mew

ork

to

impl

emen

t ND

C an

d th

e Pa

ris A

gree

men

t;

- To

con

tribu

te t

o th

e re

view

and

upd

ate

of

ND

C ap

prop

riate

to

do

mes

tic

and

inte

rnat

iona

l con

text

s.

- Per

form

ing

ND

C re

view

and

upd

ate;

- Ev

alua

ting

Viet

Nam

’s c

ontri

butio

ns

to g

loba

l effo

rts;

- St

reng

then

ing

the

capa

city

of

na

tiona

l, m

inis

teria

l, an

d se

ctor

al fo

cal

poin

ts;

- Su

ppor

ting

the

Wor

king

Te

am

rega

rdin

g ne

gotia

tions

on

Cl

imat

e Ch

ange

;

- Con

duct

ing

the

capa

city

bui

ldin

g fo

r G

HG

inve

ntor

y im

plem

enta

tion.

- Ap

prov

ing

the

proj

ect o

n Vi

et N

am’s

par

ticip

atio

n in

the

Glo

bal E

ffort

Asse

ssm

ent;

- Is

suin

g th

e G

uide

lines

of t

he N

atio

nal C

limat

e Ch

ange

Com

mitt

ee o

n re

porti

ng m

echa

nism

s of

the

Paris

Agr

eem

ent;

- Dev

elop

ing

an o

nlin

e po

rtal f

or N

DC

info

rmat

ion;

- Dev

elop

ing m

echa

nism

s to p

rom

ote a

ctiv

ities

of th

e ND

C Im

plem

enta

tion

Prog

ram

(ND

C-IP

);

- Su

ppor

ting

MON

RE in

impl

emen

ting

the

Dec

isio

n N

o .235

9/20

15/Q

D-

TTG

dat

ed D

ecem

ber 2

2, 2

015

by th

e Pr

ime

Min

iste

r on

esta

blis

hing

the

natio

nal G

HG

inve

ntor

y sy

stem

.

To

stre

ngth

en

the

lega

l fra

mew

ork

to

impl

emen

t th

e Pa

ris

Agre

emen

t an

d in

tegr

ate

ND

C in

to

min

istri

es'

sect

oral

st

rate

gies

- Su

ppor

ting

the

deve

lopm

ent

of

natio

nal a

nd s

ecto

ral l

egal

doc

umen

ts

and

tech

nica

l in

stru

ctio

ns;

- As

sist

ing

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

ne

eds

and

finan

cing

cap

acity

for

clim

ate

chan

ge

resp

onse

.

Prop

osin

g at

lea

st 0

1 na

tiona

l le

gal

docu

men

t an

d 01

sec

tora

l le

gal

docu

men

t to

subm

it to

sta

te m

anag

emen

t age

ncie

s fo

r con

side

ratio

n.

To p

iloti

ecos

yste

m-b

ased

ada

ptat

ion

- Ec

osys

tem

-bas

ed a

dapt

atio

n in

Ha

Tinh

;

- Ec

osys

tem

-bas

ed

adap

tatio

n in

Q

uang

Bin

h.

Impl

emen

ting

the

clim

ate

risk

asse

ssm

ent f

or e

cosy

stem

-bas

ed a

dapt

atio

n m

odel

134

Annexes

Supp

ort f

or V

iet N

am in

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Pari

s Ag

reem

ent (

VN-S

IPA)

To d

evel

op 0

5 fe

asib

le in

vest

men

t pro

ject

s on

GH

G e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n in

lin

e w

ith

NAM

A

- Pr

omot

ing

NAM

A in

ag

ricul

ture

, tra

nspo

rtatio

n,

cons

truct

ion,

an

d do

mes

tic in

vest

men

t.

Com

plet

ing

one

NAM

A pr

opos

al i

n ea

ch s

ecto

r: ag

ricul

ture

and

rur

al

deve

lopm

ent,

trans

porta

tion,

con

stru

ctio

n, a

nd tw

o N

AMA

prop

osal

s in

th

e co

untry

.

To s

treng

then

the

coor

dina

tion

of p

roje

cts

unde

r IKI

- Or

gani

zing

an

d pa

rtici

patin

g in

re

gula

r IKI

mee

tings

;

- D

evel

opin

g bu

lletin

s, a

nd q

uarte

rly

repo

rts o

n pr

ojec

t ac

tiviti

es,

clim

ate

chan

ge p

olic

ies,

and

IKI

inf

orm

atio

n in

Vie

t Nam

.

- Org

aniz

ing

at le

ast o

ne e

xper

ienc

e sh

arin

g fo

rum

on

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

IKI p

roje

cts

in V

iet N

am;

- Or

gani

zing

per

iodi

c m

eetin

gs a

nd e

xcha

nges

am

ong

the

IKI

proj

ect

impl

emen

tatio

n un

its;

- Pe

riodi

cally

(qua

rterly

) pub

lishi

ng a

nd in

form

ing

rele

vant

sta

keho

lder

s ne

ws

abou

t IKI

act

iviti

es in

Vie

t Nam

.

Prov

idin

g co

nsul

tanc

y, c

apac

ity b

uild

ing,

an

d te

chni

cal

assi

stan

ce t

o co

ntrib

ute

to

NAP

dev

elop

men

t

- Sup

porti

ng N

AP d

evel

opm

ent;

- D

evel

opin

g fe

asib

le

adap

tatio

n pr

ojec

t;

- Pa

rtici

patin

g in

sha

ring

inte

rnat

iona

l ex

perie

nces

in a

dapt

atio

n.

- Inc

orpo

ratin

g ou

tcom

es o

f eco

syst

em-b

ased

ada

ptat

ion

in H

a Ti

nh a

nd

Qua

ng B

inh

prov

ince

s in

to N

AP;

- Dev

elop

ing

the

mon

itorin

g an

d ev

alua

tion

syst

em fo

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

agr

icul

tura

l ada

ptat

ion

plan

s w

ithin

the

ND

C fra

mew

ork;

- Pr

opos

ing

at l

east

02

feas

ible

pro

ject

s to

im

plem

ent

clim

ate

chan

ge

adap

tatio

n ta

sks

in th

e Pa

ris A

gree

men

t;

- Pre

parin

g so

me

cont

ents

rela

ted

to lo

sses

and

dam

ages

with

in th

e Pa

ris

Agre

emen

t;

- Dev

elop

ing

and

defin

ing

met

hodo

logy

, dat

abas

e re

quire

men

ts, a

nd g

ap

anal

ysis

in ri

sk a

sses

smen

t of l

osse

s and

dam

ages

to th

e ag

ricul

ture

sect

or

in V

iet N

am.

135


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Anne

x 3-

4. G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

activ

ities

and

pro

ject

s by

sec

tor

(with

est

imat

ed e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n ou

tcom

es)

I. EN

ERG

Y AN

D IP

SEC

TORS

1. P

rom

otio

n fo

r the

ado

ptio

n of

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

indu

stria

l boi

lers

and

ope

ratin

g pr

actic

es in

Vie

t Nam

Sum

mar

y:

- Obj

ectiv

es: t

o re

duce

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

and

GH

G e

mis

sion

s th

roug

h pr

omot

ing

the

use

and

oper

atio

n of

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

lers

in th

e in

dust

ry s

ecto

r.

- Com

pone

nts:

i) Po

licy

and

regu

lato

ry fr

amew

ork

in s

uppo

rt of

the

indu

stria

l boi

ler s

tand

ardi

zatio

n sy

stem

; ii)

Awar

enes

s an

d ca

paci

ty e

nhan

cem

ent f

or S

tate

ag

enci

es, u

sers

(ind

ustri

al e

nter

pris

es),

boile

r su

pplie

rs/m

anuf

actu

rers

, and

oth

er s

take

hold

ers;

iii)

Fina

ncia

l sup

port

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

bo

iler u

tiliz

atio

n an

d pr

oduc

tion

in V

iet N

am.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: U

NID

O.

Fiel

d: E

nerg

y

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Impl

emen

ting

time:

Nov

embe

r 201

5-M

ay 2

020

Qua

ntita

tive

obje

ctiv

es: t

otal

ene

rgy

save

d: 1

,955

,304

GJ/y

ear;

tota

l GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ced:

183

,736

tCO 2e

/yea

rTr

acki

ng m

etri

cs: i

) the

num

ber

of e

nter

pris

es p

erfo

rmin

g bo

iler

effic

ienc

y im

prov

emen

t and

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

ler

repl

acem

ent s

olut

ions

; (ii)

the

amou

nt

of e

nerg

y sa

ving

s, th

e am

ount

of G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

ed o

f ent

erpr

ises

afte

r pe

rform

ing

boile

r ef

ficie

ncy

impr

ovem

ent s

olut

ions

and

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

ler

repl

acem

ent;

and

(iii)

the

num

ber o

f tra

inin

g co

urse

s on

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

ler u

se a

nd o

pera

tion

and

the

num

ber o

f atte

ndan

ts in

thes

e tra

inin

g co

urse

s.Fu

ndin

g: U

SD 1

2,05

3,00

0 (O

DA:

USD

1,8

31,0

00; M

OIT’

s re

cipr

ocal

cap

ital i

n ca

sh: U

SD 2

1,20

0; a

nd U

SD 1

0,20

0,80

0 of

in-k

ind

co-fu

nded

fund

and

loan

s fro

m c

oord

inat

ed o

rgan

isat

ions

for t

he p

roje

ct im

plem

enta

tion

in V

iet N

am)

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

dM

etho

dolo

gy: T

he a

mou

nt o

f ann

ual f

uel s

avin

gs o

f ent

erpr

ises

is ca

lcul

ated

bas

ed o

n (a

) the

am

ount

of a

nnua

l fue

l red

uctio

n of

ent

erpr

ises

afte

r im

plem

entin

g bo

iler e

ffici

ency

impr

ovem

ent s

olut

ions

and

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

ler r

epla

cem

ent a

nd (b

) the

fuel

supp

lies f

or n

ew b

oile

rs o

f ent

erpr

ises.

The

amou

nt o

f CO2

em

issio

n re

duct

ion

is ca

lcul

ated

by

the

amou

nt o

f ann

ual f

uel s

avin

gs o

f ent

erpr

ises

mul

tiplie

d by

the

conv

ersio

n fa

ctor

of e

ach

type

of f

uel.

The

mod

ified

met

hodo

logy

for

calc

ulat

ing

the

GH

G e

miss

ion

redu

ctio

n be

nefit

s of G

EF-fu

nded

ene

rgy

cons

erva

tion

proj

ects

(ver

sion

1.0)

- ut

ilise

s the

fina

ncia

l ins

trum

ents

mod

ule.

136

Annexes

Assu

mpt

ion:

The

cal

cula

tions

of e

nerg

y sa

ving

s an

d G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tions

are

bas

ed o

n es

timat

es o

f ene

rgy

savi

ngs

obta

ined

from

ana

lysi

s re

ports

from

se

vera

l fac

ilitie

s us

ing

boile

rs in

Vie

t Nam

’s in

dust

ries

whi

ch a

re s

urve

yed

durin

g th

e pr

ojec

t’s p

repa

ratio

n.

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

ac

hiev

e th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd o

ther

impa

cts

- To

dev

elop

, ap

ply

and

com

ply

with

re

gula

tions

and

gui

delin

es o

n in

dust

rial

boile

r sta

ndar

diza

tion

syst

ems;

- To

rai

se a

war

enes

s an

d di

ssem

inat

e in

form

atio

n ab

out

ener

gy-e

ffici

ent

boile

rs t

o us

ers

(indu

stria

l en

terp

rises

), co

nsul

tant

s, e

nerg

y se

rvic

e co

mpa

nies

, an

d bo

iler s

uppl

iers

/man

ufac

ture

rs;

- To

st

reng

then

th

e te

chni

cal

capa

citie

s of

G

over

nmen

t ag

enci

es,

indu

stria

l en

terp

rises

, bo

iler

supp

liers

/m

anuf

actu

rers

, en

ergy

co

nsul

tanc

y fir

ms,

and

fina

ncia

l/ban

king

inst

itutio

ns;

- To

impr

ove

acce

ss to

fina

ncia

l sou

rces

an

d in

cent

ives

for

inv

estm

ent

proj

ects

on

pro

duct

ion

and

use

of e

nerg

y-ef

ficie

nt

boile

rs;

- To

inc

reas

e th

e nu

mbe

r of

ind

ustri

al

ente

rpris

es u

sing

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

boi

lers

.

03 c

ompo

nent

s:

(1) P

olic

y an

d re

gula

tory

fram

ewor

k in

sup

port

of th

e in

dust

rial b

oile

r st

anda

rdiz

atio

n sy

stem

;

(2) A

war

enes

s an

d ca

paci

ty e

nhan

cem

ent

for s

tate

age

ncie

s,

user

s (in

dust

rial

ente

rpris

es),

boile

r sup

plie

rs/

man

ufac

ture

rs, a

nd

othe

r sta

keho

lder

s;

(3) F

inan

cial

sup

port

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

ene

rgy-

effic

ient

bo

iler u

tilis

atio

n an

d pr

oduc

tion

in V

iet

Nam

.

- Co

mpl

etin

g re

view

re

ports

an

d re

com

men

datio

ns

to

com

plet

e re

gula

tions

and

sta

ndar

ds o

n m

inim

um

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

;

- Am

endi

ng

and

subm

ittin

g fo

r th

e pr

omul

gatio

n of

TCV

N 8

630:

2010

and

TC

VN 7

704:

2007

;

- Co

mpl

etin

g th

e da

taba

se o

n in

dust

rial

boile

rs;

- Dev

elop

ing

tech

nica

l doc

umen

ts fo

r the

ev

alua

tion,

ope

ratio

n, a

nd im

prov

emen

t so

lutio

ns o

f boi

ler e

ffici

ency

;

- Or

gani

sing

rel

ated

sem

inar

s, te

chni

cal

train

ing

and

train

ing

cour

ses;

- Co

mpl

etin

g 10

dem

onst

ratio

n pr

ojec

ts

of ef

ficie

nt b

oile

r ope

ratio

n an

d fiv

e boi

ler

repl

acem

ent

proj

ects

; an

d pr

ovid

ing

tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

to

impl

emen

t 14

9 bo

iler

effic

ienc

y im

prov

emen

t pr

ojec

ts

and

67 b

oile

r rep

lace

men

t pro

ject

s.

By Ja

nuar

y 31

, 201

9, th

e am

ount

of

ener

gy s

aved

ha

d be

en

estim

ated

to

reac

h 2,

905,

368

GJ/y

ear,

equi

vale

nt

to a

GH

G

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

of 4

87,8

66

tCO 2e

/yea

r.

- En

hanc

ing

capa

citie

s fo

r en

terp

rises

in

effic

ient

boi

ler

oper

atio

n;

- Pr

omot

ing

indu

stria

l co

mpe

titiv

enes

s an

d sa

fe

wor

king

env

ironm

ent

in b

oile

r m

anuf

actu

ring

com

pani

es;

- Pa

rtial

ly

redu

cing

co

al

dust

, CO

, an

d ot

her

toxi

c ga

ses,

im

prov

ing

the

wor

king

en

viro

nmen

t, re

duci

ng h

ealth

ris

ks,

espe

cial

ly

for

wor

kers

at

site

s w

here

the

boi

lers

are

in

stal

led;

- Im

prov

ing

com

petit

iven

ess

and

labo

ur

prod

uctiv

ity

of

ente

rpris

es.

137


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

2. R

E de

velo

pmen

t (RE

DP)

Sum

mar

y:

- Ob

ject

ives

: (i)

to d

evel

op a

nd c

onne

ct r

enew

able

ene

rgy

sour

ces

to th

e na

tiona

l grid

for

com

mer

cial

use

, ens

urin

g su

stai

nabl

e de

velo

pmen

t; (ii

) to

supp

ort

Viet

nam

ese

ente

rpris

es in

inve

stin

g in

the

cons

truct

ion

of r

enew

able

ene

rgy

proj

ects

; (iii

) to

supp

ort t

he c

ompl

etio

n of

the

lega

l fra

mew

ork

on R

E, fo

cusi

ng

on a

ddre

ssin

g so

me

barr

iers

to c

omm

erci

al fu

nd m

obili

satio

n in

RE

deve

lopm

ent;

(iv) t

o pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal a

ssis

tanc

e to

impr

ove

the

capa

city

of s

peci

aliz

ed

univ

ersi

ties,

age

ncie

s, a

nd u

nits

ope

ratin

g in

RE

deve

lopm

ent.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: t

he W

B an

d th

e Sw

iss

Fede

ral E

cono

mic

Coo

pera

tion

Fiel

d: E

nerg

y

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Impl

emen

ting

time:

200

9 - 2

018

Qua

ntita

tive

obje

ctiv

es: i

) Abo

ut 2

50M

W o

f ele

ctric

al c

apac

ity fr

om in

stal

led

RE s

ourc

es a

vaila

ble

for

pow

er g

ener

atio

n; ii

) Abo

ut 1

5-25

sm

all R

E po

wer

pr

ojec

ts b

uilt

and

conn

ecte

d to

the

natio

nal g

rid.

Trac

king

met

rics

: i) T

he a

mou

nt o

f ele

ctric

ity s

uppl

ied

to th

e gr

id fr

om R

EDP-

fund

ed R

E pr

ojec

ts (G

Wh)

; ii)

The

amou

nt o

f ele

ctric

ity s

uppl

ied

to th

e gr

id

from

RE

proj

ects

usi

ng a

void

able

cos

t tar

iff (A

CT) (

GW

h); i

ii) T

he p

erce

ntag

e of

RED

P-fu

nded

RE

(sm

all-s

ized

hyd

ropo

wer

) pro

ject

s m

eetin

g ne

w s

ocia

l and

en

viro

nmen

tal b

est p

ract

ices

.Fu

ndin

g: U

SD 3

18.3

mill

ion,

incl

udin

g US

D 2

04.2

72 m

illio

n of

OD

A (n

on-r

efun

dabl

e ai

d: U

SD 2

.272

mill

ion)

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

CD

M

Met

hodo

logy

: ACM

0002

- Un

ified

met

hod

for g

rid-c

onne

cted

pow

er g

ener

atio

n pr

ojec

ts fr

om R

E so

urce

s

Assu

mpt

ion:

i) It

is e

xpec

ted

that

abo

ut 2

4 pr

ojec

ts w

ith a

tota

l cap

acity

of 2

10M

W o

f ele

ctric

ity w

ill b

e in

stal

led

in th

e RE

DP

proj

ect;

(ii) T

he o

pera

tion

perfo

rman

ce o

f all

hydr

opow

er p

roje

cts

reac

hes

50%

of t

he to

tal c

apac

ity w

ith a

n em

issi

on fa

ctor

of 0

.598

tCO 2e

/MW

h.

138

Annexes

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

ac

hiev

e th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd

- To

dev

elop

com

mer

cial

ly v

iabl

e RE

re

sour

ces;

- To

m

obili

se

addi

tiona

l fin

anci

al

reso

urce

s fo

r the

pow

er s

ecto

r;

- To

dev

elop

effe

ctiv

e an

d tra

nspa

rent

po

licie

s an

d le

gal

base

s fo

r RE

de

velo

pmen

t;

- To

pro

mot

e th

e in

volv

emen

t of p

rivat

e se

ctor

s in

the

ener

gy s

ecto

r.

Thre

e co

mpo

nent

s ca

rrie

d ou

t inc

lude

:

- Co

mpo

nent

1:

In

vest

men

t in

RE

pr

ojec

ts;

- Com

pone

nt 2

: Sup

port

for

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f po

licy

mec

hani

sms,

m

anag

emen

t, an

d m

onito

ring

capa

city

of

RE p

roje

cts;

and

- Co

mpo

nent

3:

Su

ppor

t fo

r in

vest

men

t pr

epar

atio

n an

d tra

inin

g fo

r RE

de

velo

pmen

t.

- Fi

nanc

ing

19 R

E pr

ojec

ts (w

ith a

tota

l in

stal

led

capa

city

of 3

20.4

MW

);

- Or

gani

sing

tra

inin

g on

te

nder

s,

proj

ect

man

agem

ent,

finan

ce,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l an

d so

cial

im

pact

as

sess

men

t;

- Su

ppor

ting

RE d

evel

opm

ent

stra

tegi

es

by

2030

w

ith

a vi

sion

to

20

50,

supp

ortin

g fo

r re

view

ing

and

adju

stin

g th

e N

atio

nal

elec

trici

ty

deve

lopm

ent

plan

for t

he p

erio

d of

201

1-20

20 w

ith a

vi

sion

to 2

030.

As o

f D

ecem

ber

31st

, 202

0, it

is

3.5

MtC

O 2e.

- Dev

elop

ing

train

ing

prog

ram

s,

upgr

adin

g la

bora

torie

s, tr

aini

ng

teac

hers

an

d st

uden

ts

of

Univ

ersi

ties;

- Pro

vidi

ng 1

,260

GW

h/ye

ar fo

r th

e gr

id fr

om re

new

able

ene

rgy

proj

ects

fund

ed u

nder

RED

P;

- Pr

ovid

ing

11,1

93 G

Wh/

year

fo

r th

e gr

id

from

co

nnec

ted

rene

wab

le

ener

gy

proj

ects

us

ing

ACT;

and

- H

avin

g 10

% o

f RE

pro

ject

s fu

nded

by

RE

DP

mee

t en

viro

nmen

tal

and

soci

al b

est

prac

tices

.

139


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

3. V

iet N

am L

ow e

mis

sion

ene

rgy

prog

ram

me

(V-L

EEP)

Sum

mar

y:

- Obj

ectiv

es: t

o su

ppor

t the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

gre

en g

row

th; t

o de

velo

p th

e lo

w-e

mis

sion

ene

rgy

sect

or in

Vie

t Nam

by

supp

ortin

g th

e de

velo

pmen

t of p

olic

ies

and

mec

hani

sms t

o in

cent

iviz

e lo

w e

mis

sion

s in

the

ener

gy se

ctor

, and

at t

he sa

me

time

attra

ct p

ublic

and

priv

ate

inve

stm

ent i

n RE

dev

elop

men

t and

effi

cien

t us

e of

ene

rgy.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: U

SAID

.

Fiel

d: E

nerg

y

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Impl

emen

ting

time:

201

6-20

20Q

uant

itativ

e ob

ject

ives

: To

supp

ort t

he m

obili

satio

n of

USD

250

mill

ion

to in

vest

in R

E re

sour

ces d

evel

opm

ent,

savi

ng 5

33 m

illio

n kW

h of

ele

ctric

ity c

onsu

mpt

ion

in in

dust

rial e

stab

lishm

ents

; and

to re

duce

em

issi

ons

by a

bout

360

,000

tCO 2e

thro

ugho

ut th

e lif

e cy

cle

of th

e pr

opos

ed e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

solu

tions

.Tr

acki

ng m

etri

cs: T

he a

mou

nt o

f ele

ctric

ity sa

ved

in in

dust

rial f

acili

ties;

the

amou

nt o

f CO 2 r

educ

ed th

roug

hout

the

life

cycl

e of

the

prop

osed

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y so

lutio

ns, a

nd th

e fin

anci

al a

id m

obili

zed

for i

nves

tmen

ts in

RE

reso

urce

s de

velo

pmen

t.Fu

ndin

g: A

ppro

xim

atel

y US

D 9

,107

,147

.88

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

dM

etho

dolo

gy: I

nter

natio

nally

-app

rove

d m

etho

dolo

gyAs

sum

ptio

n: In

tern

atio

nally

-app

rove

d m

etho

dolo

gy

140

Annexes

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

ac

hiev

e th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

ndot

her

impa

cts

- To

con

tribu

te t

o m

obili

sing

USD

250

m

illio

n of

inv

estm

ent

in R

E re

sour

ces

deve

lopm

ent;

- To

save

533

mill

ion

kWh

of e

lect

ricity

co

nsum

ptio

n an

d re

duci

ng e

mis

sion

s by

36

0,00

0 tC

O 2e;

- To

pro

pose

a d

irect

pow

er p

urch

ase

agre

emen

t m

odel

(D

PPA)

be

twee

n re

new

able

en

ergy

ge

nera

ting

units

an

d el

ectri

city

use

rs,

pilo

t an

d bu

ild a

ro

adm

ap f

or w

ides

prea

d ap

plic

atio

n of

D

PPA

in V

iet N

am; a

nd

- To

sup

port

clea

n en

ergy

dev

elop

men

t in

Vie

t Nam

in th

ree

sect

ors:

dev

elop

ing

low

-em

issi

on

ener

gy

stra

tegi

es;

deve

lopi

ng R

E; a

nd e

ncou

rage

pol

icy

com

plia

nce

and

inve

stm

ent

in e

ffici

ent

ener

gy u

se.

Com

pone

nt 1

: Su

ppor

ting

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

lo

w-e

mis

sion

stra

tegi

es

for t

he e

nerg

y se

ctor

;

Com

pone

nt 2

: Bu

ildin

g ca

paci

ty

and

impr

ovin

g th

e co

nditi

ons

for R

E de

velo

pmen

t; an

d

Com

pone

nt 3

: Im

prov

ing

ener

gy

effic

ienc

y an

d co

mpl

ianc

e w

ith

regu

latio

ns o

n en

ergy

sa

ving

.

- Re

sear

chin

g on

the

dev

elop

men

t of

M

OIT’

s Ac

tion

Plan

Fra

mew

ork

for

the

2021

-203

0 pe

riod;

- Re

sear

chin

g on

th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

re

gula

tions

on

m

inim

um

ener

gy

cons

umpt

ion

for s

ever

al in

dust

ries (

suga

r, su

garc

ane,

cem

ent);

and

- Co

mpl

etin

g th

e ‘P

ropo

sed

DPP

A m

odel

’ re

port

and

repo

rting

the

DPP

A m

echa

nism

to th

e Pr

ime

Min

iste

r.

Impl

emen

ta-

tion

outc

omes

ha

ve n

ot b

een

anno

unce

d

- Red

ucin

g th

e us

e of

foss

il fu

els

and

ensu

ring

ener

gy s

ecur

ity;

and

- Re

duci

ng

envi

ronm

enta

l po

llutio

n;

- Con

tribu

ting

to V

iet N

am’s

ac

hiev

emen

t of S

DG

s.

141


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

II. A

FOLU

SEC

TOR

1. V

iet N

am s

usta

inab

le a

gric

ultu

re tr

ansf

orm

atio

n (V

nSAT

)Su

mm

ary:

- Ob

ject

ives

: to

supp

ort t

he im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e G

over

nmen

t’s A

gric

ultu

ral r

estru

ctur

ing

plan

by

stre

ngth

enin

g th

e in

stitu

tiona

l cap

acity

of t

he s

ecto

r; to

re

form

sus

tain

able

farm

ing

prac

tices

and

impr

ove

valu

e ch

ains

of r

ice

and

coffe

e in

dust

ries

in V

iet N

am’s

two

key

com

mod

ity-p

rodu

cing

regi

ons,

the

Mek

ong

Rive

r Del

ta a

nd th

e Ce

ntra

l Hig

hlan

ds.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: I

nter

natio

nal D

evel

opm

ent A

ssoc

iatio

n (ID

A/W

B)

Fiel

d: A

FOLU

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

Impl

emen

ting

time:

201

5-20

20Q

uant

itativ

e ob

ject

ives

: Red

ucin

g 1,

000,

000

tCO 2e

/yea

r in

impl

emen

ting

area

sTr

acki

ng m

etri

cs: 5

indi

cato

rs: P

D01

- N

umbe

r of

ben

efic

iarie

s (p

eopl

e); P

D02

- A

rea

appl

ying

sus

tain

able

farm

ing

met

hods

: Ric

e ac

reag

e (h

ecta

res)

, bot

h cu

rren

t and

repl

antin

g co

ffee

area

(hec

tare

s); P

D03

- In

crea

sing

pro

fit/h

ecta

re o

f pro

duct

ive

land

of f

arm

ers:

Ric

e ou

tput

(%),

coffe

e ou

tput

(%);

PD04

- G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

in r

ice

culti

vatio

n in

the

impl

emen

ting

area

(tCO

2e);

PD05

- In

crea

sing

pub

lic s

ervi

ce q

ualit

y of

the

MAR

D (A

utho

rity/

Dep

artm

ent)

and

Dep

artm

ents

of A

gric

ultu

re a

nd R

ural

Dev

elop

men

t (D

ARD

s) in

sup

porti

ng p

roje

ct im

plem

enta

tion

(usi

ng th

e sc

orec

ard

asse

ssm

ent t

ool)

Fund

ing:

USD

301

mill

ion

(incl

udin

g a

loan

of U

SD 2

38 m

illio

n fro

m W

B; th

e G

over

nmen

t's r

ecip

roca

l cap

ital o

f USD

28

mill

ion;

and

priv

ate

inve

stm

ent

capi

tal o

f USD

35

mill

ion)

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

dM

etho

dolo

gy: I

nter

natio

nally

-app

rove

d m

etho

dolo

gyAs

sum

ptio

n: In

tern

atio

nally

-app

rove

d m

etho

dolo

gy

142

Annexes

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

ac

hiev

e th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/ex

pect

ed o

utco

mes

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd o

ther

impa

cts

- To

app

ly a

dvan

ced

tech

nolo

gies

to

200,

000

hect

ares

of

rice

prod

uctio

n of

14

0,00

0 fa

rmer

hou

seho

lds,

inc

reas

ing

30%

in p

rofit

;

- To

ap

ply

sust

aina

ble

farm

ing

and

adva

nced

te

chno

logi

es

to

69,0

00

hect

ares

of

co

ffee

of

63,0

00

farm

er

hous

ehol

ds,

incr

easi

ng p

rofit

by

VND

15

mill

ion/

ha;

- To

ena

ble

the

acce

ss o

f app

roxi

mat

ely

140,

000

rice

farm

er h

ouse

hold

s in

the

M

ekon

g Ri

ver

Del

ta t

o th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

sus

tain

able

far

min

g te

chni

ques

and

va

lue

chai

n lin

kage

s, i

ncre

asin

g th

eir

inco

me

by ro

ughl

y 30

%; a

nd

- To

ena

ble

the

acce

ss o

f app

roxi

mat

ely

63,0

00

farm

er

hous

ehol

ds

in

the

Cent

ral

Hig

hlan

ds

to

the

appl

icat

ion

of s

usta

inab

le f

arm

ing

tech

niqu

es a

nd

coffe

e re

plan

ting,

in

crea

sing

th

eir

inco

me

by ro

ughl

y 20

%.

Com

pone

nt A

: St

reng

then

ing

inst

itutio

nal c

apac

ity

for a

gric

ultu

ral

rest

ruct

urin

g;

Com

pone

nt B

: Su

stai

nabl

e ric

e de

velo

pmen

t;

Com

pone

nt C

: Su

stai

nabl

e co

ffee

deve

lopm

ent;

and

Com

pone

nt D

: Pro

ject

m

anag

emen

t

- Co

mpo

nent

A:

In

crea

sing

M

ARD

’s

budg

et e

ffici

ency

by

45%

; de

velo

ping

th

ree

med

ium

-term

pub

lic e

xpen

ditu

re

fram

ewor

ks fo

r rec

urre

nt a

nd in

vest

men

t ex

pend

iture

s;

impl

emen

ting

07

agric

ultu

ral r

estru

ctur

ing

plan

s;

- Co

mpo

nent

B:

Im

plem

entin

g su

stai

nabl

e ric

e cu

ltiva

tion

prac

tices

to

achi

eve

the

‘Thr

ee

redu

ctio

ns,

Thre

e ga

ins’

(3

G3T

) pr

oced

ure

(148

,289

he

ctar

es),

and

the

‘One

m

ust,

Five

re

duct

ions

’ (1

P5G

) pr

oced

ure

(88,

712

hect

ares

); in

crea

sing

far

mer

s’ p

rofit

s by

26

.4%

; in

crea

sing

the

ric

e ar

ea u

nder

co

nsum

ptio

n co

ntra

cts

to 1

13%

;

- Co

mpo

nent

C:

Prac

ticin

g su

stai

nabl

e co

ffee

culti

vatio

n (3

6,26

6 he

ctar

es),

sust

aina

ble

coffe

e re

plan

ting

(13,

137

hect

ares

), in

crea

sing

far

mer

s’ p

rofit

s by

15

.8%

; and

- Cre

dit c

ompo

nent

: dis

burs

ing

100%

of

the

allo

cate

d fu

nd fo

r com

pone

nt C

(USD

50

mill

ion)

, an

d 48

% f

or c

ompo

nent

B

(USD

19.

2 m

illio

n).

Redu

cing

1,

172,

439

tCO 2e

of

emis

sion

s,

reac

hing

117

%

of th

e en

d-of

-te

rm o

bjec

tive

(1,0

00,0

00

tCO 2e

).

- In

crea

sing

av

erag

e pr

ofit/

hect

are

for

rice

by 2

6.4%

and

av

erag

e pr

ofit/

hect

are

for c

offe

e by

15.

8%.

- Re

duci

ng

nega

tive

impa

cts

on

the

envi

ronm

ent

thro

ugh

redu

cing

the

am

ount

of

wat

er

for

irrig

atio

n,

ferti

liser

s,

and

pest

icid

es i

n ric

e an

d co

ffee

culti

vatio

n; a

nd

- St

reng

then

ing

inst

itutio

nal

capa

city

.

143


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

2. S

usta

inab

le ri

ce p

rodu

ctio

n an

d G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

(AVE

RP) i

n Th

ai B

inh

prov

ince

Sum

mar

y:- O

bjec

tives

: to

prom

ote

tech

nolo

gica

l inn

ovat

ions

to im

prov

e ef

ficie

ncy

and

prod

uctiv

ity in

rice

pro

duct

ion

whi

le re

duci

ng G

HG

em

issi

ons f

rom

rice

cul

tivat

ion;

to

pro

mot

e th

e pa

rtici

patio

n an

d in

vest

men

t of t

he p

rivat

e se

ctor

in th

e or

ient

atio

n of

the

rice

mar

ket.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: t

he g

over

nmen

ts o

f Aus

tralia

, Can

ada,

UK,

US,

and

the

Bill

& M

elin

da G

ates

Fou

ndat

ion

unde

r the

AgR

esul

ts in

itiat

ive.

Fiel

d: A

FOLU

GH

G: C

H4

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: T

hai B

inh

Peop

le’s

Com

mitt

ee (T

hai B

inh

DAR

D)

Impl

emen

ting

time:

201

6-20

21Q

uant

itativ

e ob

ject

ives

: 375

,000

tCO 2e

in e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

nTr

acki

ng m

etri

cs: T

he a

mou

nt o

f GH

G e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n; th

e nu

mbe

r of

farm

er h

ouse

hold

s su

ppor

ted

with

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f liv

elih

oods

; and

the

rate

of

savi

ng o

n ric

e pr

oduc

tion

cost

sFu

ndin

g: U

SD 6

,847

,289

- 8,

074,

343

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

dM

etho

dolo

gy: I

nter

natio

nally

-app

rove

d m

etho

dolo

gy

Assu

mpt

ion:

Inte

rnat

iona

lly-a

ppro

ved

met

hodo

logy

144

Annexes

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

es

Actu

al o

r pl

anne

d im

plem

enta

tion

to a

chie

ve th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/ex

pect

ed o

utco

mes

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd o

ther

impa

cts

To a

ddre

ss p

rodu

ctio

n co

nditi

ons

that

ar

e no

t lin

ked

to c

onsu

mer

mar

kets

by

offe

ring

priz

es o

f eco

nom

ic v

alue

bas

ed

on re

al o

utco

mes

(pul

l mec

hani

sms)

, and

re

view

the

effi

cien

cy a

nd p

erfo

rman

ce

of th

e fin

anci

al ‘p

ull m

echa

nism

s’.

- Pha

se 1

: Pilo

ting

rice

culti

vatio

n te

chno

logi

es to

m

itiga

te G

HG

em

issi

ons

and

incr

ease

rice

yie

lds

(201

7-20

18);

and

- Pha

se 2

: Ups

calin

g th

e m

entio

ned

tech

nolo

gies

to fa

rmer

ho

useh

olds

(201

9-20

20).

- Pha

se 1

(end

ed):

sele

ctin

g 04

tech

nolo

gy

pack

ages

to c

ontin

ue p

erfo

rmin

g in

pha

se

2; a

nd

- Ph

ase

2: C

ultiv

atin

g th

e fo

urth

cro

p at

th

e tim

e of

writ

ing.

Redu

cing

37

5,00

0 tC

O 2e

- Su

ppor

ting

the

livel

ihoo

d de

velo

pmen

t of r

ough

ly 7

5,00

0 fa

rmer

hou

seho

lds

in t

he R

ed

Rive

r Del

ta; a

nd

- Sa

ving

ap

prox

imat

ely

15%

in

cos

ts d

ue t

o re

duce

d in

put

cost

s.

3. V

iet N

am fo

rest

s an

d de

ltas

prog

ram

me

- VFD

(pha

se 3

)Su

mm

ary:

- Obj

ectiv

es: t

o ad

dres

s lo

ng-te

rm c

limat

e ch

ange

risk

s, ta

king

into

acc

ount

gen

der i

ssue

s in

bot

h fo

rest

land

scap

es a

nd d

elta

s.

- Ph

ase

1 of

the

proj

ect s

uppo

rts th

e im

plem

enta

tion

in th

e fo

ur p

rovi

nces

of S

on L

a, Q

uang

Nin

h, T

hanh

Hoa

, and

Lam

Don

g to

war

ds m

ore

adap

tive

and

sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent.

Phas

e 2

focu

ses

on s

uppo

rting

the

Gov

ernm

ent o

f Vie

t Nam

in im

plem

entin

g th

e Pa

ymen

t for

For

est E

nviro

nmen

tal S

ervi

ces

(PFE

S)

prog

ram

. Pha

se 3

con

tinue

s th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of P

FES

activ

ities

.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: U

SAID

.

Fiel

d: A

FOLU

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

Impl

emen

ting

time:

Apr

il 20

18-D

ecem

ber 2

020

145


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Qua

ntita

tive

obje

ctiv

es: T

o re

duce

50,

600,

000

tCO 2e

Trac

king

met

rics

:

- Ind

icat

or 1

: The

num

ber o

f tra

inee

s in

land

scap

e su

stai

nabi

lity;

- Ind

icat

or 2

: The

num

ber o

f age

ncie

s w

hose

cap

acity

in th

e su

stai

nabl

e la

ndsc

ape

is im

prov

ed;

- Ind

icat

or 3

: The

num

ber o

f pol

icie

s, d

ocum

ents

, and

gui

delin

es o

n su

stai

nabl

e la

ndsc

apes

offi

cial

ly p

ropo

sed,

pro

mul

gate

d, o

r im

plem

ente

d;

- Ind

icat

or 4

: The

am

ount

of c

apita

l mob

ilize

d fro

m th

e pu

blic

and

priv

ate

sect

ors

for s

usta

inab

le la

ndsc

apes

;

- Ind

icat

or 5

: The

num

ber o

f peo

ple

bene

fitin

g fro

m im

plem

entin

g su

stai

nabl

e re

sour

ce m

anag

emen

t;

- Ind

icat

or 6

: The

am

ount

of G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

or a

bsor

ptio

n in

tons

of C

O 2 thr

ough

sus

tain

able

land

scap

e ac

tiviti

es;

- Ind

icat

or 7

: The

am

ount

of e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n pr

ojec

ted

by 2

030

thro

ugh

polic

ies

or to

ols

on s

usta

inab

le la

ndsc

apes

;

- Ind

icat

or 8

: The

num

ber o

f uni

ts a

nd h

ouse

hold

s re

ceiv

ing

paym

ents

for f

ores

t env

ironm

enta

l ser

vice

s th

roug

h el

ectro

nic

paym

ent;

and

- Ind

icat

or 9

: The

num

ber o

f too

ls, t

echn

olog

ies,

and

met

hods

rega

rdin

g G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

and/

or c

limat

e ch

ange

ada

ptat

ion

that

are

dev

elop

ed, t

este

d,

and/

or a

pplie

d.

Fund

ing:

USD

5,6

43,5

72 (i

nclu

ding

USD

5 m

illio

n of

OD

A an

d US

D 6

43,5

72 U

SD o

f rec

ipro

cal c

apita

l)

Info

rmat

ion

on in

tern

atio

nal m

arke

t mec

hani

sms:

No

info

rmat

ion

on m

arke

t mec

hani

sms

has

been

pro

vide

d

Met

hodo

logy

: Int

erna

tiona

lly-a

ppro

ved

met

hodo

logy

Assu

mpt

ion:

Inte

rnat

iona

lly-a

ppro

ved

met

hodo

logy

146

Annexes

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

esAc

tual

or

plan

ned

impl

emen

tatio

n to

ac

hiev

e th

e ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/ex

pect

ed o

utco

mes

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd o

ther

impa

cts

- To

re

sear

ch,

pilo

t, an

d pr

opos

e to

pr

omul

gate

PF

ES

mec

hani

sms

for

fore

st c

arbo

n se

ques

tratio

n an

d st

orag

e se

rvic

es;

- To

re

view

, pi

lot,

and

prop

ose

the

inst

itutio

naliz

atio

n of

the

PFE

S po

licy

impl

emen

tatio

n m

onito

ring

and

eval

uatio

n sy

stem

; and

- To

re

view

, pi

lot,

and

prop

ose

the

inst

itutio

nalis

atio

n of

the

PFES

pay

men

t to

fo

rest

ow

ners

th

roug

h el

ectro

nic

trans

actio

ns, a

nd b

ank

trans

fers

.

- Res

earc

hing

and

pi

lotin

g in

Qua

ng

Nin

h an

d Th

anh

Hoa

pr

ovin

ces;

- Dev

elop

ing

tech

nica

l gu

idel

ines

for

calc

ulat

ing

the

amou

nt

of c

arbo

n se

ques

tratio

n in

fore

sts;

- Dev

elop

ing

docu

men

ts fo

r the

de

velo

pmen

t of t

he

Dec

ree

on c

arbo

n se

ques

tratio

n an

d st

orag

e se

rvic

es in

fo

rest

s;

- Pilo

ting

the

set

of m

onito

ring

and

asse

ssm

ent i

ndic

ator

s in

the

prov

ince

s pa

rtici

patin

g in

the

proj

ect;

By J

une

2020

, th

e in

dica

tors

had

bee

n ac

hiev

ed a

gain

st t

he p

roje

ct o

bjec

tives

as

follo

ws:

- In

dica

tor

1: 6

867

peop

le,

reac

hing

10

7% o

f the

indi

cato

r;

- Ind

icat

or 2

: 4 a

genc

ies,

reac

hing

2%

of

the

indi

cato

r;

- In

dica

tor

3: 1

0 do

cum

ents

, re

achi

ng

67%

of t

he in

dica

tor;

- Ind

icat

or 4

: 128

mill

ion,

reac

hing

34%

of

the

indi

cato

r;

- In

dica

tor

5:

1,66

9,67

1 pe

ople

, re

achi

ng 1

11.3

1% o

f the

indi

cato

r;

- In

dica

tor

6:

16,8

96,0

81

tCO2

e,

reac

hing

33%

of t

he in

dica

tor;

- In

dica

tor

7:

230,

860,

832

mill

ion,

re

achi

ng 1

04%

of t

he in

dica

tor;

- Ind

icat

or 8

: 3,5

58 h

ouse

hold

s, re

achi

ng

30%

of t

he in

dica

tor;

and

- In

dica

tor

9: 6

sol

utio

ns/to

ols,

rea

chin

g 86

% o

f the

indi

cato

r.

By Ju

ne

2020

, the

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n ha

s re

ache

d 16

,896

,081

tC

O 2e.

- En

hanc

ing

capa

city

fo

r su

stai

nabl

e la

ndsc

apes

;

- D

evel

opin

g po

licie

s an

d gu

idin

g do

cum

ents

on

su

stai

nabl

e la

ndsc

apes

;

- Inc

reas

ing

mob

ilize

d fu

nd fo

r su

stai

nabl

e la

ndsc

apes

;

- In

crea

sing

rev

enue

s fo

r un

its

and

hous

ehol

ds i

mpl

emen

ting

sust

aina

ble

reso

urce

m

anag

emen

t.

147


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

- App

lyin

g re

mot

e se

nsin

g te

chno

logi

es fo

r fo

rest

are

a m

onito

ring;

- Dev

elop

ing

repo

rts

on re

late

d ac

tiviti

es

thro

ugh

elec

troni

c tra

nsac

tions

, and

ban

k tra

nsfe

rs;

- Pilo

ting

and

deve

lopi

ng re

gula

tions

on

PFE

S pa

ymen

ts

thro

ugh

elec

troni

c tra

nsac

tions

, and

ban

k tra

nsfe

rs; a

nd

- Dev

elop

ing

a m

anua

ls fo

r PFE

S im

plem

enta

tion.

148

Annexes

4. S

chem

e on

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

and

trans

fer o

f em

issi

on re

duct

ion

right

s in

nor

ther

n Ce

ntra

l reg

ion

Sum

mar

y:

- Obj

ectiv

es: A

s th

e fir

st p

aym

ent s

chem

e ba

sed

on G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

in V

iet N

am fr

om R

EDD

+ im

plem

enta

tion,

it a

ims

to b

uild

an

effe

ctiv

e RE

DD

+ im

plem

enta

tion

syst

em, a

nd c

ontri

bute

s to

sus

tain

able

fore

st m

anag

emen

t, gr

een

econ

omic

gro

wth

, and

pov

erty

alle

viat

ion

and

clim

ate

chan

ge m

itiga

tion

at

regi

onal

and

glo

bal l

evel

s.

- Spo

nsor

ing

agen

cy: F

ores

t Car

bon

Partn

ersh

ip F

acili

ty (F

CPF)

Fiel

d: A

FOLU

GH

G: C

O 2

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

and

the

6 no

rther

n Ce

ntra

l coa

stal

pro

vinc

es o

f Tha

nh H

oa, N

ghe

An, H

a Ti

nh, Q

uang

Bin

h, Q

uang

Tri

and

Thua

Thi

en-H

ue.

Impl

emen

ting

time:

201

8-20

25Q

uant

itativ

e ob

ject

ives

: To

redu

ce 2

5 M

tCO 2e

Trac

king

met

rics

: The

acr

eage

of f

ores

ts a

nd c

hang

es in

the

acre

age

of fo

rest

s; th

e am

ount

of G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

Fund

ing:

The

nat

iona

l bud

get,

ODA,

and

oth

er le

gitim

ate

fund

s (F

ores

t env

ironm

ent s

ervi

ce fe

es, p

rivat

e se

ctor

, cre

dit s

ervi

ces,

etc

.), fu

nds

from

the

trans

fer o

f FC

PF e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n cr

edits

.In

form

atio

n on

inte

rnat

iona

l mar

ket m

echa

nism

s: FC

FP w

ill b

uy 1

0.3

tCO 2e

in th

e to

tal e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n of

the

sche

me

Met

hodo

logy

: Met

hodo

logy

of F

CPF

Assu

mpt

ion:

Acc

ordi

ng to

FCP

F's

met

hodo

logy

149


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

4. S

chem

e on

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

and

trans

fer o

f em

issi

on re

duct

ion

right

s in

nor

ther

n Ce

ntra

l reg

ion

Spec

ific

obje

ctiv

es

Actu

al o

r pl

anne

d im

plem

enta

tion

to a

chie

ve

obje

ctiv

es

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

Estim

ated

am

ount

of

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

Co-b

enef

its a

nd o

ther

impa

cts

- To

fa

cilit

ate

em

is

si

on

redu

ctio

n;

- To

pr

omot

e su

stai

nabl

e fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t and

st

reng

then

fo

rest

ca

rbon

st

orag

e;

and

- To

pr

omot

e cl

imat

e ch

ange

a

da

pt

iv

e ag

ricul

ture

an

d su

sta

ina

ble

liv

elih

oods

fo

r pe

ople

who

rel

y on

fore

sts.

- Co

mpo

nent

1:

Fa

cilit

atin

g em

issi

on re

duct

ion;

- Co

mpo

nent

2:

Pr

omot

ing

sust

aina

ble

fore

st m

anag

emen

t an

d st

reng

then

ing

fore

st c

arbo

n st

orag

e;

- Co

mpo

nent

3:

Pr

omot

ing

smar

t an

d cl

imat

e ch

ange

ad

aptiv

e ag

ricul

ture

an

d su

stai

nabl

e liv

elih

oods

fo

r pe

ople

who

rely

on

fore

sts;

and

- Co

mpo

nent

4:

Impl

emen

ting

prog

ram

m

anag

emen

t an

d em

issi

ons

mon

itorin

g.

With

app

roxi

mat

ely

USD

51.

5 m

illio

n fro

m F

CPF,

the

sche

me

pays

for

fore

st o

wne

rs,

hous

ehol

ds,

indi

vidu

als,

and

co

mm

uniti

es in

m

ount

aino

us a

reas

in

6 no

rther

n Ce

ntra

l pr

ovin

ces

of V

iet

Nam

. Acc

ordi

ng

to th

e ag

reem

ent,

WB

will

buy

10.

3 M

MTC

DE

from

the

emis

sion

redu

ctio

n an

d in

crea

sed

carb

on

sequ

estra

tion

in th

e no

rther

n Ce

ntra

l re

gion

.

25 M

tCO 2e

-

Mai

ntai

ning

sus

tain

able

liv

elih

oods

, cu

lture

, an

d co

mm

uniti

es o

f pe

ople

who

se li

ves

rely

on

fore

sts;

- Im

prov

ing

scie

ntifi

c an

d te

chni

cal

know

ledg

e fo

r et

hnic

min

ority

pe

ople

in m

ount

aino

us a

reas

;

- Rai

sing

peo

ple’

s aw

aren

ess

of th

e va

lue

of fo

rest

reso

urce

s;

- Gen

erat

ing

inco

me

and

crea

ting

jobs

;

- Pro

mot

ing

smar

t and

clim

ate

chan

ge a

dapt

ativ

e ag

ricul

ture

;

- Con

serv

ing

biod

iver

sity

;

- Pro

tect

ing

and

mai

ntai

ning

eco

logi

cal s

ervi

ces;

- Pro

tect

ing

and

deve

lopi

ng m

edic

inal

pla

nts/

tradi

tiona

l med

icin

es;

- Reg

ulat

ing

wat

er re

sour

ces

and

man

agin

g w

ater

shed

;

- Con

tribu

ting

to s

usta

inab

le fo

rest

man

agem

ent;

- Im

prov

ing

prov

inci

al fo

rest

man

agem

ent s

ervi

ces;

- Im

prov

ing

the

field

of l

and

use;

- Im

prov

ing

dist

rict-l

evel

pla

nnin

g of

land

use

.

150

Annexes

Anne

x 3-

5. R

ecen

tly im

plem

ente

d G

HG

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

activ

ities

and

pro

ject

s by

sec

tor

(with

out e

stim

ated

em

issi

on r

educ

tions

)

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

1. P

rom

otin

g th

e in

vest

men

t mar

ket o

f Ene

rgy

Effic

ienc

y an

d Sa

ving

s in

the

indu

stria

l sec

tor

of V

iet N

am s

pons

ored

by

the

Kore

an G

over

nmen

t and

Kor

ea

Inte

rnat

iona

l Coo

pera

tion

Agen

cy (K

OICA

)Ob

ject

ives

: To

pr

omot

e en

ergy

co

nser

vatio

n an

d ef

ficie

ncy

in

the

indu

stria

l se

ctor

th

roug

h th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he E

nerg

y Ef

ficie

ncy

& S

avin

gs in

vest

men

t mar

ket.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gyN

ovem

ber

2015

- Fe

brua

ry 2

020

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: U

SD

1.9

mill

ion

- MOI

T’s

reci

proc

al

capi

tal i

n ca

sh: U

SD

48,5

70

- To

im

prov

e th

e ca

paci

ty

and

rais

e aw

aren

ess

of E

nerg

y Se

rvic

e Co

mpa

nies

(E

SCOs

), en

ergy

co

nser

vatio

n ce

nter

s,

stat

e m

anag

emen

t age

ncie

s, a

nd re

late

d pa

rtner

s on

th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of i

nves

tmen

t pr

ojec

ts o

n en

ergy

sa

ving

an

d ef

ficie

ncy

thro

ugh

ESCO

bus

ines

s m

odel

;

- To

con

tribu

te t

o th

e re

aliz

atio

n of

th

e ES

CO

mod

el

thro

ugh

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

en

ergy

-sa

ving

and

effi

cien

cy i

nves

tmen

t pi

lot

proj

ects

an

d po

licy

reco

mm

enda

tions

.

- Or

gani

zing

tra

inin

g fo

r st

ate

man

agem

ent

staf

f in

ene

rgy

savi

ng

and

effic

ienc

y an

d te

chni

cal

staf

f of

ES

COs

and

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

cen

ters

in

Kor

ea in

201

8;

- Co

mpl

etin

g en

ergy

aud

it re

ports

for

10

pilo

t ent

erpr

ises

;

- Or

gani

zing

co

mm

unic

atio

n,

guid

ance

, an

d kn

owle

dge-

shar

ing

activ

ities

.

151


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

1. T

he D

anis

h-Vi

etna

mes

e en

ergy

par

tner

ship

pro

gram

me

for t

he 2

017

- 202

0 pe

riod

(DEP

P pr

ogra

mm

e)Ob

ject

ives

: To

im

plem

ent

cost

-ef

fect

ive

oppo

rtuni

ties

for

a br

oade

r ra

nge

of lo

w-c

arbo

n tra

nsfo

rmat

ion

in

ener

gy s

yste

ms

in V

iet N

am.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gy20

17 -

2020

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: D

KK

21.6

mill

ion;

- MOI

T’s

reci

proc

al

capi

tal:

VND

3

billi

on.

- To

incr

ease

the

sust

aina

bilit

y of

Vi

et N

am’s

ene

rgy

syst

ems;

- To

effe

ctiv

ely

inte

grat

e RE

into

Vi

et N

am’s

ele

ctric

ity s

yste

ms

to in

crea

se th

e pr

opor

tion

of R

E so

urce

s; a

nd

- To

impl

emen

t cos

t-effe

ctiv

e op

portu

nitie

s fo

r low

-car

bon

conv

ersi

on in

the

indu

stry

sec

tor.

- Co

mpl

etin

g an

d pu

blis

hing

th

e En

ergy

Out

look

Rep

ort

for

2017

and

20

19;

- Co

mpl

etin

g an

d pu

blis

hing

the

firs

t Vi

etna

mes

e Te

chno

logy

Han

dboo

k;

- Im

prov

ing

capa

city

in

plan

ning

for

th

e en

ergy

se

ctor

; fo

reca

stin

g lo

ad

and

elec

trici

ty o

utpu

t fro

m v

aria

ble

RE

sour

ces;

im

prov

ing

capa

city

in

de

man

d ca

lcul

atio

n an

d en

surin

g th

e pr

ovis

ion

of a

ncill

ary

serv

ices

; and

- Re

view

ing

and

prop

osin

g am

endm

ents

an

d ad

just

men

ts

to

tech

nica

l pro

cess

es re

late

d to

aux

iliar

y se

rvic

es o

f ele

ctric

al s

yste

ms.

152

Annexes

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

3. R

E an

d en

ergy

effi

cien

cy, p

hase

2Ob

ject

ives

: To

ach

ieve

the

obj

ectiv

es

set

out

in

the

Nat

iona

l po

wer

de

velo

pmen

t pl

an,

the

Gre

en g

row

th

stra

tegy

, th

e G

reen

gr

owth

ac

tion

plan

, th

e N

atio

nal

actio

n pr

ogra

mm

e on

su

stai

nabl

e pr

oduc

tion

and

cons

umpt

ion

to 2

020

with

a v

isio

n to

20

30 a

nd th

e N

atio

nal p

rogr

amm

e on

en

ergy

effi

cien

cy

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gy20

19 -

2021

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: E

UR

3,41

5,00

0;

- MOI

T’s

reci

proc

al

capi

tal:

VND

2

billi

on.

To

deve

lop

and

com

plet

e le

gal

fram

ewor

ks

and

regu

latio

ns

to

man

age

larg

e-sc

ale

RE in

stal

latio

n,

thus

impr

ovin

g en

ergy

effi

cien

cy in

th

e in

dust

ry s

ecto

r, st

reng

then

ing

capa

city

, and

rai

sing

aw

aren

ess

of

all s

take

hold

ers.

- M

itiga

ting

clim

ate

chan

ge t

hrou

gh

incr

ease

d us

e of

RE

and

incr

ease

d en

ergy

effi

cien

cy; a

nd

- Im

prov

ing

ener

gy s

ecur

ity t

hrou

gh

incr

easi

ng r

enew

able

ene

rgy

proj

ects

an

d ta

king

ini

tiativ

e in

inp

ut s

uppl

y,

whi

ch

cont

ribut

es

to

redu

cing

de

pend

ence

on

impo

rted

ener

gy.

4. A

SEAN

low

car

bon

ener

gy p

rogr

amm

e (L

CEP)

Obje

ctiv

es:

To

supp

ort

coun

tries

in

bu

ildin

g ro

adm

aps

for

low

-car

bon

ener

gy

deve

lopm

ent,

focu

sing

on

su

stai

nabl

e en

ergy

in

frast

ruct

ure

deve

lopm

ent

and

gree

n fin

anci

al

mar

kets

fo

r RE

de

velo

pmen

t an

d en

ergy

effi

cien

cy u

se f

or c

ount

ries

in

Sout

heas

t As

ia (

Mya

nmar

, In

done

sia,

M

alay

sia,

Phi

lippi

nes,

Tha

iland

, an

d Vi

et N

am)

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gy20

20-2

022

GB

P 80

0,00

0- T

o im

plem

ent a

num

ber o

f tas

ks in

th

e N

atio

nal

prog

ram

me

on e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

for t

he 2

019-

2030

per

iod.

- To

mob

ilise

fina

ncia

l res

ourc

es fo

r in

vestm

ent i

n en

ergy

effi

cien

cy;

- To

im

prov

e th

e ca

paci

ty

in

deve

lopi

ng

offsh

ore

win

d po

wer

pr

ojec

ts an

d op

erat

ing

ener

gy

tech

nica

l inf

rastr

uctu

re.

- Pro

mot

ing

RE d

evel

opm

ent;

- Pr

omot

ing

ener

gy c

onse

rvat

ion

and

effic

ienc

y;

- Re

duci

ng e

nviro

nmen

tal

pollu

tion;

an

d

- Co

ntrib

utin

g to

Vi

et

Nam

's

achi

evem

ent o

f SD

Gs.

153


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

5. C

limat

e pr

otec

tion

thro

ugh

sust

aina

ble

bioe

nerg

y m

arke

ts in

Vie

t Nam

(BEM

)-

Gen

eral

ob

ject

ives

: To

pr

ovid

e co

nsum

ers

and

the

envi

ronm

ent

with

be

nefit

s fro

m t

he f

air

and

sust

aina

ble

supp

ly a

nd u

se o

f en

ergy

in

term

s of

so

ciet

y, e

colo

gy, a

nd e

cono

my

in V

iet

Nam

.

- Sp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

: To

re

mov

e ba

rrie

rs

agai

nst

the

sust

aina

ble

use

of

biom

ass

in

elec

trici

ty

and

heat

ge

nera

tion.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gy20

19-2

023

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: E

UR 4

m

illio

n;

- MOI

T’s

reci

proc

al

capi

tal:

VND

1.6

17

billi

on.

- To

sup

port

the

adju

stmen

t of

the

po

licy

fram

ewor

k fo

r pl

anni

ng

and

licen

sing

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

bio

mas

s en

ergy

pro

ject

s at

the

pr

ovin

cial

leve

l;

- To

str

engt

hen

the

capa

city

of

th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

in

cons

truct

ion

impl

emen

tatio

n, a

nd th

e ca

paci

ty o

f fin

anci

al i

nstit

utio

ns i

n m

obili

zing

ca

pita

l fo

r th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of

biom

ass

ener

gy

inve

stmen

t pr

ojec

ts;

- To

pr

omot

e te

chno

logi

cal

coop

erat

ion

and

conn

ect

Viet

nam

ese

and

inte

rnat

iona

l bu

sines

ses,

rese

arch

insti

tute

s, an

d un

iver

sitie

s re

gard

ing

the

use

of

biom

ass

reso

urce

s fo

r el

ectri

city

an

d he

at g

ener

atio

n.

- Re

duci

ng c

limat

e ch

ange

thr

ough

im

prov

ing

RE a

pplic

atio

n co

nditi

ons,

su

ppor

ting

the

redu

ctio

n of

G

HG

em

issi

ons

by

min

imiz

ing

the

use

of

foss

il fu

els,

an

d av

oidi

ng

CH4

emis

sion

s;

- Im

prov

ing

ener

gy s

ecur

ity,

redu

cing

de

pend

ence

on

im

porte

d en

ergy

so

urce

s;

- Pr

omot

ing

indu

stria

l gr

owth

an

d cr

eatin

g jo

bs,

indi

rect

ly c

ontri

butin

g to

po

verty

al

levi

atio

n an

d hu

nger

er

adic

atio

n; a

nd

- In

crea

sing

the

com

petit

iven

ess

of

rela

ted

indu

strie

s in

Vie

t Nam

.

154

Annexes

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

6. S

mar

t grid

for R

E an

d en

ergy

effi

cien

cy (S

GRE

EE)

Obje

ctiv

es:

To

supp

ort

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

th

e Sm

art

grid

ro

adm

ap a

nd p

rom

ote

mod

erni

satio

n an

d au

tom

atio

n of

th

e na

tiona

l el

ectri

city

tra

nsm

issi

on

and

dist

ribut

ion

syst

em

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

OIT

Ener

gy20

17 -

2021

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: E

UR 5

m

illio

n;

- MOI

T’s

reci

proc

al

capi

tal:

EUR

297,

980

- To

deve

lop

and

com

plet

e th

e le

gal

fram

ewor

k an

d re

leva

nt re

gula

tions

fo

r sm

art g

rid d

evel

opm

ent;

- To

im

prov

e pl

anni

ng

and

tech

nica

l cap

aciti

es o

f exp

erts

and

m

anag

ers i

n sm

art g

rid c

onst

ruct

ion

and

impl

emen

tatio

n; a

nd

- To

co

oper

ate

in

tech

nolo

gy,

focu

sing

on

m

oder

n te

chno

logy

so

lutio

ns;

rese

arch

an

d de

velo

p te

chno

logy

pr

oduc

ts

and

ener

gy

effic

ienc

y so

ftwar

e; im

plem

ent R

E co

nnec

tion

and

oper

atio

n; f

ollo

w

trend

s of s

mar

t hom

e an

d sm

art c

ity

cons

truct

ion

prod

ucts

and

ser

vice

s.

- Co

mpl

etin

g th

e fo

llow

ing

repo

rts:

‘Rev

iew

an

d pr

opos

al

of

the

lega

l fra

mew

ork

on

smar

t gr

ids

for

RE

and

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

in

Viet

Nam

’, ‘R

evie

w

of

the

regu

latio

ns

on

the

elec

trici

ty

trans

mis

sion

sy

stem

an

d re

gula

tions

on

th

e el

ectri

city

di

strib

utio

n sy

stem

in

Vi

et

Nam

, an

d re

sear

ch

abou

t in

tern

atio

nal

expe

rienc

es

on

the

conn

ectio

n st

anda

rds

of R

E pl

ants

in

orde

r to

pr

opos

e ap

prop

riate

m

odifi

catio

ns

to c

urre

nt r

egul

atio

ns i

n Vi

et N

am’,

‘Tec

hnol

ogic

al

asse

ssm

ent

of

smar

t gr

ids

for

RE a

nd e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy’

; ‘P

rom

otin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of lo

ad

adju

stm

ent p

rogr

amm

es in

Vie

t Nam

’.

- Or

gani

sing

th

e 20

19

Smar

t G

rid

Wee

k in

Vie

t Nam

.

155


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

7. S

usta

inab

le n

atur

al re

sour

ces

man

agem

ent

Obje

ctiv

es: T

o st

reng

then

the

natio

nal

capa

city

fo

r su

stai

nabl

e na

tura

l re

sour

ce m

anag

emen

t by

foc

usin

g on

fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

biod

iver

sity

, an

d liv

elih

ood

deve

lopm

ent

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

AFOL

U20

15-2

020

Tota

l in

vest

men

t ca

pita

l: US

D

12,1

16,1

37,

incl

udin

g:

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A fro

m

JICA:

JPY

1,25

1,00

0,00

0,

equi

vale

nt

to U

SD

10,3

20,8

90.

- Rec

ipro

cal

capi

tal:

USD

1,

795,

247.

- To

pro

mot

e po

licie

s an

d le

gal

fram

ewor

k fo

r su

stai

nabl

e na

tura

l re

sour

ce m

anag

emen

t, an

d re

form

th

e fo

rest

ry

sect

or,

Nat

iona

l RE

DD

+ ac

tion

prog

ram

me,

an

d bi

odiv

ersi

ty d

ata;

- To

im

plem

ent

the

obje

ctiv

es s

et

out i

n th

e N

atio

nal R

EDD

+ ac

tion

prog

ram

me

(NRA

P);

- To

dev

elop

a r

oadm

ap f

or t

he

man

agem

ent

and

mon

itorin

g of

fo

rest

re

sour

ces

and

biod

iver

sity

of

Lan

g Bi

ang

bios

pher

e re

serv

e to

geth

er

with

co

-man

agem

ent

agre

emen

ts

and

bene

fit-s

harin

g m

echa

nism

s;

- To

shar

e th

e pr

ojec

t out

com

es a

nd

data

to st

reng

then

sust

aina

ble

fore

st

and

biod

iver

sity

m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

atic

ally

.

- Su

ppor

ting

the

deve

lopm

ent

of t

he

Law

on Fo

rest

ry, a

nd d

ecre

es st

ipul

atin

g in

det

ails

the

im

plem

enta

tion

of a

nu

mbe

r of

ar

ticle

s of

th

e La

w

on

Fore

stry

and

Vie

t Nam

sta

ndar

ds;

- Ca

lcul

atin

g pr

elim

inar

y ou

tcom

es o

f ca

rbon

em

issi

ons/

sequ

estra

tion

for t

he

2014

-201

8 pe

riod;

- D

evel

opin

g pr

ovin

cial

-leve

l ac

tion

plan

s an

d th

e na

tiona

l da

taba

se o

n bi

odiv

ersi

ty;

- In

corp

orat

ing

data

/info

rmat

ion

into

FO

RMIS

, an

d co

mpl

etin

g th

e in

tegr

atio

n of

mob

ile a

pplic

atio

n da

ta

into

FOR

MIS

.

156

Annexes

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

8. G

ener

al p

rote

ctio

n an

d m

anag

emen

t of f

ores

t eco

syst

ems

in Q

uang

Nam

, Kon

Tum

and

Gia

Lai

pro

vinc

esOb

ject

ives

: To

mai

ntai

n th

e in

tegr

ity

of f

ores

t ec

osys

tem

s, t

he b

iodi

vers

ity

of

natu

ral

fore

st

ecos

yste

ms

in

the

sout

hern

Ce

ntra

l re

gion

an

d th

e Ce

ntra

l H

ighl

ands

, im

prov

ing

the

livin

g st

anda

rds

of

loca

l et

hnic

m

inor

ity c

omm

uniti

es

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy:

MAR

D,

and

DAR

Ds

of Q

uang

Nam

, Kon

Tum

, and

G

ia L

ai p

rovi

nces

AFOL

U20

14 -

2020

Tota

l bud

get:

EUR

11.2

9 m

illio

n

To s

usta

inab

ly p

rote

ct a

nd m

anag

e 23

,552

.90

ha o

f na

tura

l pr

oduc

tion

fore

sts in

Qua

ng N

am, K

on T

um, a

nd

Gia

Lai

; se

cure

sta

ble

and

regu

lar

inco

mes

for

31

com

mun

es a

nd 7

2 vi

llage

s by

dive

rsify

ing

prod

ucts

from

fo

rests

(in

clud

ing

66 m

odel

s in

the

pr

ojec

t ar

ea w

ith a

tot

al e

stabl

ished

ar

ea of

22,

560.

75ha

, and

06

exte

nded

m

odel

s ou

tside

the

proj

ect a

rea

with

a

tota

l ext

ende

d ar

ea o

f 992

.15h

a in

Ko

n Tu

m a

nd G

ia L

ai p

rovi

nces

).

Sust

aina

bly

prot

ectin

g an

d m

anag

ing

fore

sts,

pre

vent

ing

defo

rest

atio

n an

d fo

rest

fire

s.

9. S

usta

inab

le fo

rest

man

agem

ent a

nd b

iodi

vers

ity to

redu

ce C

O 2 em

issi

ons

Obje

ctiv

es:

To

stre

ngth

en

the

biod

iver

sity

of

fore

st e

cosy

stem

s an

d th

e in

tegr

ity o

f la

ndsc

ape

ecos

yste

ms

in th

e N

orth

ern

mou

ntai

nous

regi

on o

f Vi

et N

am, c

ontri

butin

g to

the

regi

on’s

ad

apta

tion

to

clim

ate

chan

ge

and

supp

ortin

g th

e liv

elih

ood

of r

esid

ents

. Th

e pr

ojec

t is

im

plem

ente

d in

Yen

Ba

i, La

i Cha

u, L

ao C

ai, H

a G

iang

, and

Ba

c Ka

n pr

ovin

ces.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

AFOL

U20

14 -

2021

EUR

26.07

mi

llion

, inclu

ding

EU

R 20

.5

mill

ion of

ODA

(E

UR 1

5 m

illion

of

conc

essio

nal

loans

and

EUR

5.5

mill

ion of

no

n-re

funda

ble

ODA)

. Viet

Na

m’s

recip

roca

l ca

pital

: EUR

5.

57 m

illion

.

- To

im

prov

e bi

odiv

ersi

ty v

alue

s an

d qu

ality

of

sp

ecia

l-use

fo

rest

ec

osys

tem

s; a

nd

- To

im

prov

e fo

rest

man

agem

ent

capa

city

, fo

cusi

ng

on

incr

easi

ng

the

valu

e of

bi

odiv

ersi

ty,

prod

uctio

n fo

rest

ec

osys

tem

se

rvic

es

and

prot

ectiv

e fo

rest

s (in

clud

ing

habi

tats

, an

d la

nd a

nd

wat

er

reso

urce

s pr

otec

tion)

; an

d to

in

crea

se

econ

omic

ef

ficie

ncy

thro

ugh

the

appl

icat

ion

of

silv

icul

ture

tech

niqu

es.

Impl

emen

ting

61,5

06ha

of

sp

ecia

l-us

e fo

rest

s in

four

con

serv

atio

n ar

eas;

pr

otec

ting

and

man

agin

g 12

,199

ha o

f th

e co

mm

unity

fore

st, a

nd s

usta

inab

ly

man

agin

g 8,

400h

a of

aca

cia

and

pine

fo

rest

s.

157


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

10. S

uppo

rting

the

read

ines

s fo

r RED

D+

in V

iet N

am-p

hase

2 (F

CPF-

2)Ob

ject

ives

: To

su

ppor

t th

e im

prov

emen

t of

th

e or

gani

zatio

nal

and

tech

nica

l cap

acity

for t

he S

teer

ing

Com

mitt

ee, R

EDD

+ Of

fice,

a n

umbe

r of

re

leva

nt

agen

cies

at

th

e ce

ntra

l le

vel,

and

06

prov

ince

s un

der

the

Proj

ect

on

emis

sion

re

duct

ion

and

trans

fer

of e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n rig

hts

for

the

north

ern

Cent

ral

Regi

on’s

re

adin

ess

for R

EDD

+.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

AFOL

U18

/11/

2016

- 30

/6/2

020

Fund

ing:

US

D

5,69

3,00

0,

incl

udin

g:

- Non

-re

fund

able

OD

A: U

SD 5

m

illio

n

- Rec

ipro

cal

capi

tal:

USD

69

3,00

0.

- To

sup

port

the

deve

lopm

ent

of

road

map

s, p

lans

, an

d ne

gotia

tions

fo

r an

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

paym

ent

agre

emen

t (ER

PA).

- To

su

ppor

t th

e re

form

atio

n of

st

ate

fore

stry

co

mpa

nies

an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t bo

ards

to

de

velo

p pr

oced

ures

and

pol

icie

s to

en

cour

age

RED

D+

in th

e em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e;

- To

ass

ess

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

th

e D

ecre

e N

o.11

8/20

14/C

P-N

D

on

the

arra

ngem

ent,

inno

vatio

n,

and

deve

lopm

ent

to i

mpr

ove

the

perfo

rman

ce

of

agric

ultu

ral

and

fore

stry

com

pani

es.

- Sup

porti

ng th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

hree

de

cree

s an

d th

ree

circ

ular

s gu

idin

g th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of t

he 2

017

Law

on

For

estry

;

- Fi

nalis

ing

the

prov

inci

al

RED

D+

actio

n pl

ans

(PRA

P) f

or t

he a

bove

-m

entio

ned

06 p

rovi

nces

;

- Dev

elop

ing

Viet

n N

am’s

lega

l tim

ber

guid

elin

es;

- Pr

ovid

ing

tech

nica

l su

ppor

t in

is

suin

g fo

rest

cer

tific

atio

n, m

anag

ing

and

prom

otin

g RE

DD

+ se

rvic

es;

- Org

anis

ing

sem

inar

s (13

con

sulta

tion

wor

ksho

ps,

10 t

rain

ing

cour

ses,

and

re

leva

nt c

omm

unic

atio

n ac

tiviti

es).

158

Annexes

Des

crip

tion

Sect

orTi

me

of

impl

emen

tatio

nFu

ndin

gSp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

Achi

eved

/exp

ecte

d ou

tcom

es

11. I

mpr

ovin

g re

silie

nce

of v

ulne

rabl

e co

asta

l com

mun

ities

to c

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

in V

iet N

am -

Com

pone

nt 2

. Man

grov

e pl

antin

g Ob

ject

ives

: To

st

reng

then

th

e re

silie

nce

to c

limat

e ch

ange

-rel

ated

im

pact

s, s

uppo

rting

life

sta

bilit

y an

d sa

fety

of

pe

ople

; to

in

crea

se

fore

st

cove

r an

d im

prov

e th

e qu

ality

of

m

angr

oves

, co

ntrib

utin

g to

inc

reas

ing

carb

on s

eque

stra

tion

to r

educ

e G

HG

em

issi

ons

and

enha

nce

biod

iver

sity

.

Impl

emen

ting

agen

cy: M

ARD

and

the

five

prov

ince

s of

Nam

Din

h, T

hanh

H

oa,

Qua

ng N

am,

Qua

ng N

gai

and

Ca M

au.

AFOL

U20

17 -

2021

Appr

oxim

atel

y US

D 1

0.5

m

illio

n of

OD

A an

d

reci

proc

al

capi

tal o

f M

ARD

and

fiv

e

prov

ince

s.

To

supp

ort

the

refo

rest

atio

n,

reha

bilit

atio

n,

impr

ovem

ent,

and

plan

ting

of a

par

t of

4 t

hous

and

hect

ares

of

coas

tal

man

grov

es t

o im

prov

e th

e pr

otec

tion

func

tion

of

coas

tal f

ores

ts.

- Re

plan

ting

1,44

8/4,

000h

a of

m

angr

oves

by

th

e en

d of

20

19,

reac

hing

36%

of t

he p

roje

ct o

bjec

tive;

10

0% o

f th

e ob

ject

ive

is e

xpec

ted

to

be a

chie

ved

by th

e en

d of

202

1;

- Im

plem

entin

g 14

liv

elih

ood

mod

els

in

the

five

prov

ince

s w

ith

402

bene

ficia

ry h

ouse

hold

s.

159


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

Anne

x 4.

Upd

ates

on

clim

ate

chan

ge r

espo

nse

proj

ects

in V

iet N

am fr

om 2

017

to p

rese

nt

I. In

tern

atio

nally

fund

ed c

ompl

ete

and

ongo

ing

proj

ects

res

pond

ing

to c

limat

e ch

ange

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

DI.

Publ

ic fi

nanc

ial s

uppo

rt -

mul

tilat

eral

I.1

. Pub

lic m

ultil

ater

al fi

nanc

ial s

uppo

rt -

GEF

1M

ekon

g Ri

ver D

elta

in

tegr

ated

clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d su

stai

nabl

e liv

elih

oods

(IC

RSL)

392,

990,

831

in

whi

ch:

+ 20

0,00

0 fu

nded

to

dev

elop

pro

ject

do

cum

ents

;

+ 6,

090,

831

fund

ed

by G

EF v

ia W

B;

+386

,700

,000

is c

o-fin

anci

ng fu

ndin

g.

On-

goin

gG

EF/W

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Adap

tatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

MAR

D20

17-

2021

2Im

plem

enta

tion

of

Eco-

indu

stria

l par

k in

itiat

ive

for s

usta

inab

le in

dust

rial

zone

s in

Vie

t Nam

(pha

se 2

)

7,52

4,00

0On

- go

ing

GEF

/UN

IDO

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

po

licy

impr

ovem

ent,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MPI

2017

-20

20

3Pr

epar

atio

n of

the

BUR3

to

the

UNFC

CC35

2,00

0On

- go

ing

GEF

/UN

EPN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Fina

ncin

g,

tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

MON

RE20

19-

2022

160

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D4

Ener

gy e

ffici

ency

im

prov

emen

t in

com

mer

cial

an

d hi

gh-r

ise

resi

dent

ial

build

ings

in V

iet N

am

(EEC

B)

3,19

8,00

0On

- go

ing

GEF

/UN

DP

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

po

licy

impr

ovem

ent,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MOC

2016

-20

21

I.2. P

ublic

mul

tilat

eral

fina

ncia

l sup

port

- GCF

and

CTF

5Im

prov

ing

the

resi

lienc

e of

vul

nera

ble

coas

tal

com

mun

ities

to c

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

in V

iet N

am

40,5

29,6

25 in

w

hich

29,

523,

000

is n

on-r

efun

dabl

e OD

A, th

e re

st is

fro

m o

ther

don

ors

On-

goin

gG

CF/

UND

PN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Adap

tatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

-MAR

D;

- MOC

;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

s of

Nam

Din

h, T

hanh

H

oa, T

hua

Thie

n-H

ue, Q

uang

Nga

i, Q

uang

Bin

h,

Qua

ng N

am a

nd

Ca M

au p

rovi

ces

2017

-20

22

6Sc

alin

g up

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y fo

r ind

ustri

al e

nter

pris

es in

Vi

et N

am

497,

200,

000

in

whi

ch 1

1,30

0,00

0 is

non

-ref

unda

ble

ODA,

the

guar

ante

ed lo

an

from

GCF

is

75,0

00,0

00, t

he re

st

is c

o-fin

anci

ng fr

om

othe

r don

ors

On-

goin

gG

CF/W

B- N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant;

- Gua

rant

eed

loan

; an

d

- Pre

fere

ntia

l loa

n;

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT

2018

-20

25

161


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D7

Stre

ngth

enin

g th

e re

silie

nce

of s

mal

lhol

der a

gric

ultu

re

to c

limat

e ch

ange

-indu

ced

wat

er in

secu

rity

in th

e Ce

ntra

l Hig

hlan

ds a

nd

sout

hern

Cen

tral c

oast

al

regi

ons

of V

iet N

am

156,

292,

842

in

whi

ch 3

0,20

5,36

7 is

non

-ref

unda

ble

ODA,

the

rest

is c

o-fin

anci

ng fr

om o

ther

do

nors

On-

goin

gG

CF/W

B- N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant;

- Gua

rant

eed

loan

; an

d

- Pre

fere

ntia

l loa

n;

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT

2020

-20

26

I.3. P

ublic

mul

tilat

eral

fina

ncia

l sup

port-

UN

org

anis

atio

ns -

FAO,

UN

EP, U

ND

P, U

NID

O an

d ot

her o

rgan

isat

ions

8Pr

omot

ion

of e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

indu

stria

l boi

ler

adop

tion

and

oper

atin

g pr

actic

es in

Vie

t Nam

12,0

53,0

00,

incl

udin

g:

+ N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant:

1,83

1,00

0

+ In

kin

d co

-fin

anci

ng a

nd lo

an

from

Vie

tnam

ese

Stak

ehol

ders

: 10

,200

,800

+ Co

unte

rpar

t fun

d of

MOI

T: 2

1,20

0

On-

goin

gUN

IDO

- Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

t; an

d

-Pre

fere

ntia

l loa

n;

Miti

gatio

n,

polic

y im

prov

emen

t, ca

paci

ty

build

ing

MAR

D20

15-

2020

9Vi

et N

am H

CFC

phas

e-ou

t pr

ojec

t (Ph

ase

I)25

0,00

0 Co

mp-

le

teUN

IDO

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

ca

paci

ty

build

ing

MOI

T20

17-

2019

162

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

DI.4

. Pub

lic m

ultil

ater

al fi

nanc

ial s

uppo

rt - A

DB,

WB

10Vi

et N

am d

am re

habi

litat

ion

and

safe

ty im

prov

emen

t pr

ojec

t (W

B8)

443,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

AWB

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tAd

apta

tion,

ca

paci

ty

build

ing,

te

chni

cal

assi

stan

ce

MAR

D20

16-

2022

11Pr

ojec

t for

impr

oved

land

go

vern

ance

and

dat

abas

e (V

ILG

)

180,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

AWB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Adap

tatio

nM

ONRE

2017

-20

21

12Tr

ung

Son

hydr

opow

er

proj

ect

330,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

AWB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Miti

gatio

nEV

N20

20

13Re

duci

ng tr

ansm

issi

on lo

ss

proj

ect

500,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

AWB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Miti

gatio

nEV

N20

20

14Sc

alin

g up

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y fo

r ind

ustri

al e

nter

pris

es

(ESC

Os) i

n Vi

et N

am

150,

000,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

nM

itiga

tion

MOI

T20

18

15Ph

asin

g ou

t fue

l sub

sidi

es20

0,00

0 Co

mp-

le

teOD

AWB

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

MOI

T20

18

16Va

riabl

e RE

inte

grat

ion

stud

y20

0,00

0 Co

mp-

le

teOD

AWB

Non

-refu

ndab

le g

rant

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT

2018

17EV

N c

redi

t rat

ing

300,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nEV

N20

18

18RE

map

ping

(win

d, s

olar

, hy

drop

ower

, bio

mas

s)2,

200,

000

On-

goin

gOD

AWB

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

MOI

T, E

VN20

20

163


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D19

Max

imis

ing

finan

cing

for

ener

gy d

evel

opm

ent

300,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT,

EVN

2018

20N

atio

nal s

olar

stra

tegy

and

Ro

ofto

p st

rate

gy fo

r Ho

Chi

Min

h Ci

ty a

nd D

a N

ang

600,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT,

Peo

ple’

s co

mm

ittee

of

HCM

C an

d D

a N

ang

2019

21So

lar a

uctio

n de

sign

and

im

plem

enta

tion

(P16

6827

)2,

500,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-re

fund

able

gra

ntM

itiga

tion

MOI

T20

18 -

2019

22LN

G s

trate

gy

500,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT

2019

23D

evel

op e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

(EE)

targ

ets

and

man

dato

ry

EE re

gim

e fo

r Vie

t Nam

300,

000

Com

p-

lete

ODAW

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nM

OIT

2019

24Po

wer

sec

tor d

evel

opm

ent

polic

y se

ries

2,00

0,00

0 Co

mp-

le

teOD

AWB

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

MOI

T20

18

25La

o - V

iet N

am

inte

rcon

nect

or10

,000

,000

On

- go

ing

ODAW

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

nM

itiga

tion

MOI

T, E

VN,

2020

26Ex

tens

ion

of Y

aly

hydr

opow

er p

lant

702,

000

Com

p-

lete

Fina

nced

by

Glo

bal

Gre

en

Gro

wth

In

stitu

te

(GG

GI)

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MOI

T20

17 -

2018

164

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D27

EU -

Viet

Nam

Ene

rgy

Faci

lity

10,4

94,0

00

On-

goin

gFi

nanc

ed

by E

U vi

a G

IZ

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MOI

T20

18 -

2021

28Su

ppor

ting

hydr

oele

ctric

el

ectri

city

pro

duct

ion

incr

ease

in V

iet N

am

2,32

0,00

0 On

- go

ing

Fina

nced

by

EU

via

AFD

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

EVN

2018

- 20

23

29D

a N

ang

sola

r ene

rgy

deve

lopm

ent

696,

000

On-

goin

gFi

nanc

ed

by E

U N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

n an

d ca

paci

ty

build

ing

Da

Nan

g En

ergy

Co

nser

vatio

n an

d Te

chno

logy

Co

nsul

tant

Cen

ter

(DEC

C)

2017

- 20

21

30Ci

vil S

ocie

ty m

eets

RE&

EE

- tra

inin

gs, s

emin

ars a

nd

com

mun

icat

ion

skill

s to

boos

t RE

&EE

as a

key

tool

for

susta

inab

le d

evel

opm

ent a

nd

gree

n gr

owth

stra

tegy

in V

iet

Nam

(E-E

nhan

ce)

696,

000

On-

goin

gFi

nanc

ed

by E

U N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

n an

d ca

paci

ty

build

ing

Gre

enID

Cen

ter

2017

- 20

21

31En

hanc

ing

read

ines

s fo

r so

lar p

ower

dep

loym

ent i

n Vi

et N

am

225,

000

Com

p-

lete

Fina

nced

by

AD

BN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

nAD

B20

17 -

2018

32En

hanc

ed p

olic

y fo

r in

crea

sed

gree

n fin

ance

in

Viet

Nam

677,

000

Com

p-

lete

Fina

nced

by

GG

GI

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

ca

paci

ty

build

ing

and

tech

nica

l as

sist

ance

MPI

2017

- 20

18

165


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D33

Viet

Nam

gre

en g

row

th

urba

n ac

tion

1,11

9,00

0Co

mp-

le

teFi

nanc

ed

by G

GG

IN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g an

d te

chni

cal

assi

stan

ce

MOC

2017

- 20

18

34Su

stai

nabl

e en

viro

nmen

t of

coas

tal c

ities

(P15

6143

)23

6,20

0,00

0On

- go

ing

ODA

WB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Adap

tatio

n an

d in

vest

men

t

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

of

Qua

ng B

inh,

Kh

anh

Hoa

, Bin

h Th

uan,

Nin

h pr

ovin

ces

2017

- 20

22

35Fo

rest

sec

tor M

oder

nisa

tion

and

coas

tal r

esili

ence

en

hanc

emen

t pro

ject

150,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion,

an

d in

vest

men

t

MAR

D20

17 -

2023

36D

a N

ang

sust

aina

ble

city

dev

elop

men

t pro

ject

(P

1590

49)

72,5

20,0

00Co

mp-

le

teOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion,

an

d in

vest

men

t

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

of D

a N

ang

City

2017

- 20

19

37Ce

ntra

l Hig

hlan

ds

conn

ectiv

ity im

prov

emen

t pr

ojec

t (P1

5923

8)

150,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n M

itiga

tion

and

inve

stm

ent

MT

2017

- 20

23

166

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D38

Scal

ing

up u

rban

upg

radi

ng

proj

ect (

P159

397)

240,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion,

an

d in

vest

men

t

Peop

le’s

co

mm

ittee

of B

en

Tre,

Soc

Tra

ng,

An G

iang

, Vin

h Lo

ng, B

ac L

ieu

2017

- 20

23

39M

ediu

m c

ities

dev

elop

men

t pr

ojec

ts (P

1594

26)

53,0

00,0

00On

- go

ing

ODA

WB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Miti

gatio

n an

d in

vest

men

t

Peop

le’s

co

mm

ittee

of L

ao

Cao,

Ha

Nam

, N

ghe

An

2017

- 20

20

40Su

ppor

t Pro

gram

me

for

natio

nal t

arge

ts (P

1597

37)

153,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion,

an

d in

vest

men

t

MAR

D20

17 -

2021

41Em

erge

ncy

natu

ral d

isas

ter

ceco

nstru

ctio

n pr

ojec

t (P

1631

46)

118,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A W

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion

and

inve

stm

ent

- MAR

D;

- Peo

ple’

s Co

mm

ittee

s of

Bin

h D

inh,

Q

uang

Nga

i, Ph

u Ye

n, N

inh

Thua

n, H

a Ti

nh

prov

ince

s

2017

- 20

21

42Fi

nanc

ing

for V

iet N

am

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

(P15

1086

)10

1,70

0,00

0On

- go

ing

ODA

WB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Miti

gatio

n an

d in

vest

men

t

MOI

T20

17 -

2022

167


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D43

Dyn

amic

city

inte

grat

ed

deve

lopm

ent p

roje

ct

(P16

0162

)

80,0

00,0

00On

- go

ing

ODA

WB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Adap

tatio

n,

miti

gatio

n,

and

inve

stm

ent

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

of

Thai

Ngu

yen

2018

- 20

23

44M

ekon

g D

elta

Inte

grat

ed

clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d su

stai

nabl

e liv

elih

oods

pro

ject

(IC

RSL)

, GEF

(P15

9976

)

60,9

00,0

00On

- go

ing

ODA

GEF

/WB

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Adap

tatio

n,

miti

gatio

n,

and

inve

stm

ent

MON

RE; M

ARD

2018

- 20

22

45Co

mm

erci

al s

mal

lhol

der

supp

ort p

roje

ct (C

SSP)

in C

ao

Bang

and

Bac

Kan

45,0

00,0

00On

- go

ing

ODA

IFAD

Pref

eren

tial l

oan

Adap

tatio

n,

miti

gatio

n an

d ca

paci

ty

build

ing

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

s of

Ba

c Ka

n an

d Ca

o Ba

ng p

rovi

nces

2017

-20

23

46Ad

dres

sing

the

2030

Age

nda

on c

limat

e ch

ange

and

food

se

curit

y th

roug

h

clim

ate-

smar

t agr

icul

ture

224,

575

Com

p-

lete

ODA

FAO

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tAd

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MAR

D20

17-

2019

47Ba

sic

infra

stru

ctur

e fo

r in

clus

ive

grow

th in

the

north

east

ern

prov

ince

s se

ctor

pr

ojec

t

150,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A AD

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

s of

Ba

c Ka

n, C

ao

Bang

, Ha

Gia

ng,

and

Lang

Son

pr

ovin

ces

2018

-20

23

168

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D48

Basi

c in

frast

ruct

ure

for

incl

usiv

e gr

owth

in th

e no

rth

cent

ral p

rovi

nces

sec

tor

proj

ect

149,

000,

000,

in

clud

ing:

- Rec

ipro

cal C

apita

l fro

m b

udge

t: US

D

52,0

00,0

00

- Pre

fere

ntia

l loa

n:

USD

97,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A AD

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

s of

H

a Ti

nh, N

ghe

An, Q

uang

Bin

h an

d Q

uang

Tri

prov

ince

s

2018

-20

23

49Se

cond

ary

gree

n ci

ty

deve

lopm

ent p

roje

ct

170,

000,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A AD

BPr

efer

entia

l loa

n Ad

apta

tion,

m

itiga

tion,

ca

paci

ty

build

ing

, te

chno

logy

tra

nsfe

r and

in

vest

men

t

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

s of

Ha

Gia

ng,

Vinh

Phu

c,

Thua

Thi

en-H

ue

prov

ince

s

2018

-20

23

50W

ater

effi

cien

cy in

vest

men

t in

dro

ught

-affe

cted

pro

vinc

es

(WEI

DAP

)

100,

850,

000

On-

goin

gOD

A AD

B- N

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant:

850,

000

- Pre

fere

ntia

l loa

n:

USD

100

,000

,000

Adap

tatio

n,

miti

gatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

tech

nolo

gy

trans

fer,

and

inve

stm

ent

- MON

RE

- Peo

ple’

s co

mm

ittee

of

Binh

Thu

an, D

ak

Lak,

Dak

Non

g,

Khan

h H

oa, N

inh

Thua

n pr

ovin

ces

2019

-20

26

169


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

DII

. Bila

tera

l Sup

port

Act

iviti

es51

Proj

ect f

or p

rom

otin

g in

vest

men

t mar

ket f

or e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

in in

dust

rial s

ecto

r in

Vie

t Nam

1,90

0,00

0On

- go

ing

KOIC

AN

on-r

efun

dabl

e G

rant

Miti

gatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g an

d po

licy

im-

prov

emen

t

MOI

T20

15-

2020

52Vi

et N

am -

Den

mar

k en

ergy

pa

rtner

ship

pro

gram

me

(DEP

P)

21,60

0.000

DKK

3,15

0,00

0On

- go

ing

Den

mar

kN

on-r

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dabl

e G

rant

Capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

polic

y im

-pr

ovem

ent

and

tech

ni-

cal a

ssis

-ta

nce

MOI

T20

17-

2020

53Vi

et N

am lo

w e

mis

sion

en

ergy

pro

gram

me

(V-L

EEP)

211,0

65,00

0.000

VN

D10

,000

,000

On-

goin

gUS

AID

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

and

polic

y im

prov

emen

t

MOI

T20

16-

2020

54AS

EAN

low

car

bon

ener

gy

prog

ram

me

in V

iet N

am80

0,00

0

GBP

1,04

0,00

0On

- go

ing

USG

RAN

TN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

MOI

T20

20-

2022

170

Annexes

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

rpos

eEx

ecut

ing

Agen

cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D55

Supp

ort t

o Vi

et N

am fo

r the

im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e Pa

ris

Agre

emen

t

10,3

00,0

00

EUR

11,8

20,2

28On

- go

ing

UKN

on-r

efun

dabl

e gr

ant

Miti

gatio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g,

tech

nica

l su

ppor

t and

po

licie

s

MON

RE20

17-

2021

56Cl

imat

e pr

otec

tion

thro

ugh

sust

aina

ble

bioe

nerg

y m

arke

ts in

Vie

t Nam

4,00

0,00

0 EU

R4,

400,

000

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goin

g OD

A G

erm

an

(by

BMZ

unde

r th

e IK

LU

initi

ativ

e)

via

GIZ

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

ca

paci

ty

build

ing,

te

chni

cal

supp

ort

MOI

T20

19-

2023

57Sm

art g

rid fo

r RE

and

ener

gy

savi

ng5,

000,

000

EUR

5,50

0,00

0On

- go

ing

ODA

Ger

man

(b

y BM

Z un

der

the

IKLU

in

itiat

ive)

vi

a G

IZ

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-ref

unda

ble

gran

tM

itiga

tion,

en

ergy

sa

ving

, and

te

chni

cal

supp

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MOI

T20

17-

2021

58Ag

Resu

lts V

iet N

am

emis

sion

s re

duct

ions

pilo

t (A

VERP

)

Base

d on

the

resu

lts

of im

plem

enta

tion

and

awar

ding

of

spon

sors

,

On-

goin

g SN

VAg

ricul

ture

de

velo

pmen

t an

d m

itiga

tion

Peop

le’s

Co

mm

ittee

Tha

i Bi

nh (T

hai B

inh’

s M

ARD

)

2016

-20

21

171


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

No

Proj

ect N

ame

Impl

emen

tatio

n bu

dget

Stat

usFi

nanc

ial

Reso

urce

sTy

pe o

f Su

ppor

tPu

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eEx

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ing

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cyTi

me

fram

eCu

rren

cyUS

D59

Fore

st a

nd d

elta

of V

iet N

am

(pha

se 3

)5,

000,

000

On-

goin

g W

inro

ck

Inte

rna-

tio

nal/

USG

RAN

T

Non

-ref

unda

ble

gran

t Fo

restr

y,

bio-

dive

rsity

, m

itiga

tion,

te

chni

cal

supp

ort,

and

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

MAR

D

(Man

agem

ent

boar

d fo

r for

estry

pr

ojec

ts)

2018

-20

20

60FF

-2: S

uppo

rt fo

r the

RED

D+

read

ines

s pr

epar

atio

n in

Vie

t N

am p

hase

2

5,69

3,00

0On

- go

ing

WB

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-ref

unda

ble

gran

t: 5,

000,

000;

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ipro

cal

Capi

tal:

693.

000

Fore

stry

, bi

o-di

vers

ity,

miti

gatio

n,

tech

nica

l su

ppor

t, an

d ca

paci

ty

build

ing

MAR

D

(Man

agem

ent

boar

d fo

r for

estry

pr

ojec

ts)

2016

-20

20

61Em

issi

ons

redu

ctio

n in

the

north

ern

Cent

ral r

egio

n51

,500

,000

On-

goin

g Th

e ca

rbon

fu

nd o

f FF

/WB

Paym

ent b

ased

on

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25

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D20

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CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

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EXES

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20

66Fo

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D, P

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f Th

ua T

hien

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2017

-20

21

175


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

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EXES

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ect N

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ce

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of V

iet N

am

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get

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T20

17-

2021

73Ec

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n on

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north

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10/

2018

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2022

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5/20

22

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20

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- 20

18

78Vi

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mar

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2017

- 20

18

79En

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usta

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tech

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132,

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fer

MAR

D20

18

177


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

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ANN

EXES

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Proj

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ame

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the

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f the

bay

s of

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ai P

hong

, Ha

Long

and

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18-

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-20

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inve

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EVN

2017

- 20

23

85As

sist

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amre

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ffect

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uniti

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in C

entra

l Vie

t Nam

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goin

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ng N

am a

nd

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en H

ue

2017

- 20

22

86AS

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T20

18

178

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18 -

2022

88Vi

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h

2018

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20

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RE20

17

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0

179


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

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ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

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EXES

No

Proj

ect N

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T20

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2

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D20

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181


CHAPTER 1

National circum

stancesCH

APTER 2N


CHAPTER 4

MRV for m

itigationCH

APTER 3Inform

ation on mitigation


CHAPTER 5

Other information

ANN

EXES

II. O

ther

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mitt

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l as

sist

ance

MON

RE20

21-

2024

SUPERVISORS - UNFCCC

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