Supercritical and Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants – SEA’s ... AG/2.1-PGA-2004.pdf · Myanmar...

Supercritical and UltraSupercritical and Ultra--Supercritical Power Plants Supercritical Power Plants ––

SEA’sSEA’s Vision or Reality?Vision or Reality?

Miro R. Susta Miro R. Susta IMTE AG Power Consulting EngineersIMTE AG Power Consulting EngineersSwitzerlandSwitzerland

Khoo Bo SeongKhoo Bo SeongTronohTronoh Consolidated (M) BhdConsolidated (M) BhdMalaysiaMalaysia

Powergen Asia 2004 Bangkok

22Powergen Asia 2004Powergen Asia 2004 IMTE AGIMTE AG

Fuel Share of World Electricity GenerationFuel Share of World Electricity Generation

2020

Coal50%

Nuclear6%

Renewables23%

NaturalGas15%

Oil6%

2000

Oil11% Natural

Gas16%

Coal41%

Nuclear17%

Renewables15%


World Energy Supply by Fuel 1970World Energy Supply by Fuel 1970--20202020

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

*1970 *1975 *1980 *1985 *1990 *1995 *2000 *2005 *2010 *2015 *2020

Mio

Ton

s O

il Eq

uiva

lent

Renewables Nuclear Fossil


World Energy Supply by Fuel 1970World Energy Supply by Fuel 1970--20202020

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

*1970 *1975 *1980 *1985 *1990 *1995 *2000 *2005 *2010 *2015 *2020

Mio

Ton

s O

il Eq

uiva

lent

Renewables Nuclear Fossil

2%/Year


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

*198

0*1

984

*198

8*1

992

*199

6*2

000

*200

4*2

008

*201

2*2

016

*202

0

Year

US

Cen

ts/k

Wh

Coal Natural Gas

Fuel Cost for Coal and NG based Power Plants Fuel Cost for Coal and NG based Power Plants


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

*198

0*1

984

*198

8*1

992

*199

6*2

000

*200

4*2

008

*201

2*2

016

*202

0

Year

US

Cen

ts/k

Wh

Coal Natural Gas


40%


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

*198

0*1

984

*198

8*1

992

*199

6*2

000

*200

4*2

008

*201

2*2

016

*202

0

Year

US

Cen

ts/k

Wh

Coal Natural Gas


40%

35%


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

*198

0*1

984

*198

8*1

992

*199

6*2

000

*200

4*2

008

*201

2*2

016

*202

0

Year

US

Cen

ts/k

Wh

Coal Natural Gas


40%

65%35%


World Recoverable Coal ReservesWorld Recoverable Coal Reserves

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

United States

Former Soviet Union

China

India

Australia

Germany

South Africa

Poland

Former Yugoslavia

Other

Billions Short Tones

LigniteAnthracite


World Coal ConsumptionWorld Coal Consumption

0123456789

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Bill

ions

Sho

rt M

etric

Ton

s

Average 'Reference' Low Growth High Growth

Projections


Coal Share of World EnergyCoal Share of World Energy

23

38

14

22

37

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Electricity Non-Electricity Total

%

1970 2025


Critical Point 22.1MPa-373ºC


1

2 3

4

5

6

12

3

4

5 6


Conventional, SC and USC technology is commercially

available in wide range of size.

Conventional vs. SC & USCConventional vs. SC & USC


SC & USC technology offers higher efficiency and

consequently lower specific flue gas throughput resulting in

much cleaner electricity generation.



Conventional technology provides greater coal flexibility



Higher temperatures encountered in SC & USC units’ makes corrosion more critical,

thus coals with slugging or corrosion potential are less

suitable for SC & USC plants.



State-of-the-art SC power plants have an efficiency of about 46%

and satisfy current emission standards worldwide.



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

E.Europe &Russia

USA Japan W.Europe OtherCounties

TotalWorldwide

Uni

ts

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

GW

Number of Units Total Power Output

Capacity of SC & USC Power Plants WorldwideCapacity of SC & USC Power Plants Worldwide


≈ 2.0≈ 710> 48.06-8700 / 700 / 700

3651100700°C - USC

≈ 2.2≈ 780> 42.05-7580 / 580 / 580

2901050580°C - SC

≈ 2.4≈ 855< 40.04-6538 / 538165850Conventional

SO2 g/kWh)

CO2 g/kWh

Eff.%

Auxiliary Cons.

%

SteamTemp.°C

SteamPres.MPa

PriceUS$/kW

Plant Type

Comparison SC Comparison SC -- USC vs. ConventionalUSC vs. Conventional


38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

F12 F12 P91 NF616 Super304H

Inconel740

Material

Effic

ienc

y (%

)

Potential Increase in Efficiency

16.8MPa538°C538°C

25.0MPa540°C560°C

27.0MPa585°C600°C

30.0MPa600°C620°C

31.5MPa620°C620°C

35.0MPa700°C720°C


SuperAlloys

Start 2010700-72035.0-47.0

P92 NF616

Start 2000<620<33.0

P919%Cr

Since late 80’s<593<30.0

X20Since early 60’s<520<25.0

Temperature°C

PressureMPa

WhatWhenLive steam

Steam Pressure Steam Pressure -- Temperature & Material DevelopmentTemperature & Material Development


Materials for SCMaterials for SC--ST ApplicationsST Applications

2 ¼ Cr – 1Mo forging9 Cr – 1 Mo forgingMain steam governing valve

2 ¼ Cr – 1Mo forging9 Cr - 1 Mo forgingMain steam stop valve

12 Cr forgingRefractory alloy (R-26)Rotating blade

1 ¼ Cr – ½ Mo cast steel2 ¼ Cr – 1Mo cast steelOuter casing

1 ¼ Cr – ½ Mo cast steel12 Cr cast steelInner IP casing

1 ¼ Cr – ½ Mo cast steelNo 1 Cr-Mo-V-B cast steelInner HP casing

Cr-Mo-V forgingNew 12 Cr forgingRotor

538°C>600°CSteam temperature


2001NG/PC/BS49.7/48.2/45.0

30.0 / 580 / 600450DenmarkAvedore 25

2000PC25.5 / 597 / 595700JapanTsuruga 24

1998PC25.5 / 597 / 595700JapanNanaoota 23

1997NG49.029.0 / 582 / 580410DenmarkSkaerbaek 32

2002PC25.0 / 600 / 600700JapanTomato Atsuma 42001PC46.025.0 / 605 / 600600JapanMisumi 11998PC47.029.0 / 582 / 580410DenmarkNordjyllaend 32002L45.227.5 / 580 / 6001000GermanyNiederaussem2008PC25.0 / 600 / 6002x1000PR ChinaYuhuan2006PC45.025.0 / 600 / 6106 x 660ItalyTorrevaldaliga2003PC24.5 / 600 / 6001000JapanHitachinaka2001PC46.024.5 / 600 / 6002 x 500JapanIsogo 1 & 22001PC47.026.4 / 605 / 6131050JapanTachibana-Wan-21998PC25.9 / 604 / 6021000JapanHaramashi1997PC25.5 / 598 / 5961000JapanMatsuura

CommercialOperation

FuelEfficiency(%)

Live Steam (MPa / °C / °C)

Output(MW)

CountryPower PlantName

No

Selected SC & USC Power PlantsSelected SC & USC Power Plants


USC Power Plant Avedore - Denmark


SC Power Plant Misumi - Japan


Niederaussem


TachibanaTachibana--Wan Power StationWan Power Station


Isogo Power StationIsogo Power Station


SEA Power Generation Fuel Split 2004SEA Power Generation Fuel Split 2004

NG33%

Coal39%

Hydro19%

Oil5%

Geothermal4%


SEA Power Generation Capacity 2004SEA Power Generation Capacity 2004

Philippines13 GW

Singapore1.5 GW

Thailand26 GW

Myanmar1.2 GW

Cambodia0.2 GW

Laos 1.0 GW

Vietnam8 GW

Indonesia 22.0 GW

Brunei1 GW

Malaysia14 GW


SEA Power Generation Capacity 2004SEA Power Generation Capacity 2004

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.0

Cam

bodi

a

Bru

nei

Laos

Mya

nmar

Sing

apor

e

Viet

nam

Phili

ppin

es

Mal

aysi

a

Indo

nesi

a

Thai

land

%


Hard Coal Management in AsiaHard Coal Management in Asia

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 *2002

Mill

ion

Shor

t Ton

s

Production Imports Consumption


Coal SavingsCoal Savings

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

3GW 6GW 9GW 12GW 15GW

Power Generation Capacity

Mio

Ton

s / Y

ear

3% 6%


Operational Costs savingsOperational Costs savings

0.0

20.040.0

60.080.0

100.0

120.0140.0

Mio

USD

/ Ye

ar

3GW 6GW 9GW 12GW 15GW

Power Generation Capacity

3% 6%

30 USD/Ton


SC & USC Power Generation Capacity 1956SC & USC Power Generation Capacity 1956--20042004

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-85 86-90 91-95 96-00 >2000

Year

Uni

ts

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

GW

Number of Units GW


SC & USC Power Generation Capacity 1995SC & USC Power Generation Capacity 1995--20042004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Japa

n

Korea

China

Germ

any

Russia

Other

s

Uni

ts

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

GW

Number of Units GW


ConclusionsConclusionsAdvanced SC & USC technology has substantial potential Advanced SC & USC technology has substantial potential to improve the efficiency of PC power plant and to reduce to improve the efficiency of PC power plant and to reduce the harmful impacts on the environment.the harmful impacts on the environment.Many Asian countries have already large capacity for SC & Many Asian countries have already large capacity for SC & USC components manufacturing.USC components manufacturing.SC power plants have already attained similar or even SC power plants have already attained similar or even higher availability as conventional power plants.higher availability as conventional power plants.Cost patterns indicate a rapid decline in the average cost Cost patterns indicate a rapid decline in the average cost of power generation from SC & USC power plants.of power generation from SC & USC power plants.Higher construction costs are well balanced by lower fuel Higher construction costs are well balanced by lower fuel costs.costs.SC & USC technology offers better operational dynamics at SC & USC technology offers better operational dynamics at all loads and higher thermal efficiency at low loadsall loads and higher thermal efficiency at low loads..


ConstraintsConstraintsSC & USC technology has to become economic against the SC & USC technology has to become economic against the alternative technologies such as conventional and NGalternative technologies such as conventional and NG--fired fired CCGT power plants.CCGT power plants.Ni base superNi base super--alloys are needed for higher temperatures.alloys are needed for higher temperatures.Higher strength materials are needed for upper water walls Higher strength materials are needed for upper water walls of boilers.of boilers.Better understanding of maintenance needs of the USC Better understanding of maintenance needs of the USC boiler & ST and related auxiliary systems is essential for boiler & ST and related auxiliary systems is essential for longlong--term, reliable operationterm, reliable operation..


Coal based SC power generation Coal based SC power generation technology is matured and technology is matured and

advanced technique that can be advanced technique that can be favorably compared with well proven favorably compared with well proven

conventional power generation conventional power generation technology. technology.

USC takes all advantages of well USC takes all advantages of well proven SC technology and is proven SC technology and is

continuously buildcontinuously build--up on this strong up on this strong SC foundation.SC foundation.


In the medium to long term, as NG In the medium to long term, as NG and fuel oil become a more scarce and fuel oil become a more scarce

fuel and prices increase, and in fuel and prices increase, and in conjunction with further economic conjunction with further economic

improvements in clean coal improvements in clean coal technologies, SC & USC technology technologies, SC & USC technology can expect to receive a renaissance can expect to receive a renaissance

as a feasible option for new large as a feasible option for new large scale coal fueled power generation scale coal fueled power generation

plants.plants.

There is no solution capable meeting of our There is no solution capable meeting of our all future energy requirements.all future energy requirements.

Instead the answer will come from a family Instead the answer will come from a family of diverse New Technologies which will of diverse New Technologies which will have an impact on everything have an impact on everything —— from from

environmental quality to costs that environmental quality to costs that consumers will ultimately have to pay.consumers will ultimately have to pay.

Thank You.Thank You.

Supercritical and Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants – SEA’s ... AG/2.1-PGA-2004.pdf · Myanmar...

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