DESIGN STUDIO

AIR

WENJIE SUN 698711

CONTENT

-PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION

-PART B. CRITETIA DESIGN

-PART C. DETAILED DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

When I first decided to study

architecture, I simply liked drawing and

thinking something new. After one year I

realized architecture are not only about

drawing and thinking but also achieving

my thinking and drawings to a real

through some useful techniques. I then

realized the importance and necessity of

learning and grasping the skill of digital

design.

Digital design was a complex concept for me as I was lack of such

knowledge, however through different course learning I started to

thinking digital design as a level up to physical design. The digital tools

would help design easier and save times. From 2D design to 3D design,

the digital designing tools are taking place of many original way of

designing and drawings. However digital design requires higher skills to

create a good design, therefore I still need training and studying on the

way of digital design. I believe with the development of technologies the

digital design will become more reliable and popular.

WENJIE SUN

PART

ACONCEPTUALISATION

A.1DESIGN FUTURING

This project integrate fabrication using digital design and achieved an “encoded structure” (1). By completing this design, the architects are able to articulate how digital design could engaged into the design process. It allows the control of complex interactions between material elements, also indicates the generation of data from machine.

1 Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, "New Structuralism: Design, Engineering And Architectural Technologies", Architectural Design, 80 (2010), 14-23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1101>.2 Tony Fry, Design Futuring (Oxford: Berg, 2009).

Gramazio & KohlerWest Fest Pavilion

Zurich, 2009

DFAB, 2010 <http://thefoxisblack.com/2010/10/26/west-fest-pavilion-by-gramazio-kohler/090410_084_produktionroboter_mk_179/> [accessed 7 March 2016]ROETHLISBERGER, MARK, 2009 <https://1mein.wordpress.com/2014/03/01/me-inarchitecture-west-fest-pavilion-by-rok/> [accessed 7 March 2016]roethlisberger, mark, 2009 <http://www.rok-office.com/projects/west-fest-pavilion-0084/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

This project surely instigates changes to design thinking. As indicated in the article that computer-controlled production tools were not widely underused, therefore the design of West Fest Pavilion is able to introduce new opportunities for design, which is designing in a more flexible condition meanwhile keep the original constructional logic.

This kind of design would indicate the idea of design intelligence which Fry brought out (2). As the West Fest Pavilion explore the possibilities of design process, it is kind of design which enable to think beyond the essential requirement. In relation to the “critical design” that Dunne introduced, “critical designs are testimonials to what could be.” The project is referring to the idea of critical thinking for design which is being sceptical and hence achieve the new way of structuring.

Aedas with AECOM and Buro HappoldXRL West Kowloon Terminus

Hong Kong

With the consideration of design futuring, this project extend the concept of environment in cities. As Fry indicates in the article, design needs to think of the current state of the environment we live in order to sustain both the design and the environment. This project blend into the environment and create interactions between people and the architecture rather than creating a regular station in the city. The project mentioned about creating unusual spatial qualities and uncommon perspectives. This kind of thinking refers to the critical thinking of breaking the original thinking and finding another concept of designing. As the roof is designed to be a path for the users and provide a view at a higher level.

1 Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, "New Structuralism: Design, Engineering And Architectural Technologies", Architectural Design, 80 (2010), 14-23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1101>.2 Tony Fry, Design Futuring (Oxford: Berg, 2009).

BuriHappold Engineering, 2016 <http://www.burohappold.com/technical/express-rail-link-west-kowloon-terminus-structural-excellence/> [accessed 7 March 2016]Gammon construction, 2012 <http://www.gammonconstruction.com/en/html/projects/projects-f6a6c74b5766409d871b9231c3e795b2.html> [accessed 7 March 2016]

Skyscraper, 2000 <http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=884850> [accessed 7 March 2016]

hinking the moment would help create a more sustainable design as people are starting to realize the situation and consider about the future. Such way of thinking would hence lead to a design intelligence, thus environment are built to a longer-lasting condition. Therefore the design that will be expected are those who take unique ideas while considering the current situations.

A.2DESIGN COMPUTATION

FREE, Museco Soumaya, Mexico City, Mexico, 2011

1: Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories Of The Digital In Architecture.2: Yehuda E Kalay, Architecture’s New Media (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004).

Fig 07

In this project the computation design affect a lot to the final outcomes as the form and details are too complex to present using a 2d drawing. It is easy to understand that the design process would focus more detailed on form generation (1) and design thinking. Within these concepts of computation design, the process of thinking would hence be influenced as well. In this project, as introduced, use 3D technologies to generate complex and iterated patterns as the façade also the computation design is used for every layer for the building. In comparison to the nature design process which introduced in Kalay’s article,(problem analysis, solution synthesis, evaluation and communication) (2), the computation is rather benefits to these process than changing the design process.

The Museo Soumaya focused more on form and appearances of the building. As indicated in Oxman’s article, “Form generation … are emerging as integrated process in digital design.”, which suggested that a form generation would be an important factor in future design for people used to have the thought of “ form following the function”.

As design is a clearly aimed process, computation expand the range of conceivable and achievable geometries in the design process rather than changing the initial steps of design.

Fig 08

Altair, 2016 <http://www.altairatc.com/EventHome.aspx?event_id=42> [accessed 13 March 2016].Wired, 2010 <http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-11/26/museo-soumaya> [accessed 13 March 2016].

Herzog & De Meuron, Messe Basel – New Hall, Basle Switzerland due for completion April 2013

This project does displayed the internal idea of computation design of the Herzog & de Meuron team. The team focus on the performance when using a computational tool in design rather than ornament. They indicated that some of the performance tools could sometimes be distract, therefore a computational tool emerges from the architectural idea should be primary considered for the development of a form (3). This kind of concern could provide a further thinking of performance of the design. As computational design is becoming widely used, the focus on the design thinking would be rather important in a digital design process.

In this particular project, the concept is overlapping boxes with a well generated façade using digital tools. Despite the concerns, computation tools provide opportunities to extend the simple idea to a depth of complexity of the building. In referring to the theory that other from the Natural design, the digitally informed design can actually produce a second nature (4), the computational design give designer “the freedom to reinvent architecture with each new project rather than consolidating the original style”.

3: Brady Peters, "Realising The Architectural Idea: Computational Design At Herzog & De Meuron",Architectural Design, 83 (2013), 56-61 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1554>.4: Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories Of The Digital In Architecture.

John HILL, 2013 <http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1452550&page=2> [accessed 13 March 2016].OpenBuildings, 2016 <http://openbuildings.com/buildings/messe-basel-new-hall-pro-file-44977> [accessed 13 March 2016].

Fig 09

Fig 10

A.3COMPOSITION GENERATION

FOSTER + PARTNERSNATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS

KUWAIT CITY,KUWAIT, 2007

GALLERY OF NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT, 2007

AS EXPLORED BEFORE, COMPUTATION IS PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN. PARAMETRIC MODEL WAS INITIALLY USED TO PRODUCING VARIOUS OPTIONS FOR THE

DESIGNERS, WHEREAS IT IS CURRENTLY IN USE OF INTEGRATING THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS AND GENERATING A MORE COMPLEX

FORM OR FUNCTION FOR AN ARCHITECTURE. IN OTHER WORDS, “COMPUTATION IS REDEFINING THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE.“ (1)

IN THE PROJECT OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS, THE DESIGNING TEAM USE PARAMETRIC MODELING TO GENERATE FAÇADE AND THE FUNCTIONAL USE OF EACH ELEMENT ON THE FAÇADE. IT TIGHTLY LINK THE GEOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ITS ELEMENTS (2). THIS ARTICLE INTRODUCES A DETAILED THINKING OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS USING PARAMETRIC MODELING THROUGHOUT THE DESIGNING PROCESS. THE DESIGNING OF THIS ARCHITECTURE SHOWS THE GENERATION THOUGHTS IN DESIGN (WHERE THEY USE A MAJOR ELEMENT AND CREATE OTHER STRUCTURE BASED ON THIS KIND OF ELEMENT) RATHER THAN JUST USE COMPUTATION TOOLS AS PART OF ACHIEVING THE DESIGN THOUGHTS.

(1: BRADY PETERS AND XAVIER DE KESTELIER, COMPUTATION WORKS.2: DUSANKA POPOVSKA, “INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN: NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS”,ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 34-35 <HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1550>.

FACIT HOMESHOUSE OF CELIA AND DIANA

HERTFORDSHIRE, 2011

OTHER THAN USING ALGORITHMIC THINKING IN DESIGNING A COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE, IT IS ALSO INTERESTING TO LOOK AT HOW ALGORITHMIC THINKING INVOLVED IN RESIDENTIAL DESIGN.

4 CONCEPTUALISATION

IN THIS PROJECT, THE DESIGN, ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROTOTYPING, PRODUCTION AND ASSEMBLY PROCESSES

ARE ALL UNDERTAKEN BY SINGLE ENTITY, PARAMETRIC AND DIGITAL PRODUCTION METHODS(1). THIS PROJECT FOCUSES MORE ON

CONSTRUCTION DIRECTLY BY PARAMETRIC DESIGN. HENCE THIS REQUIRES HIGHLY ACCURACY OF ALGORITHM DEFINITION DURING THE DESIGN

PROCESS TO CONSTRUCT A STABLE ELEMENT (2). WITH A INTRODUCTION TO ALGORITHM FROM WILSON, IT IS CLEAR INDICATED

THAT SUCH PROCESS REQUIRES MORE TECHNICAL SKILLS OTHER THAN DESIGN THINKING.

COMPUTATION IS NOT ONLY INTRODUCED IN DESIGN PROCESS BUT ALSO IMPORTANT

IN THE CONSTRUCTION PART, BOTH OF THEM REQUIRE ABILITY AND INTEGRATION

WHEN USING DIGITAL METHODS.

1: BRUCE BELL AND SARAH SIMPKIN, “DOMESTICATING PARAMETRIC DESIGN”, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 88-91 <HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1560>.2: ROBERT A WILSON AND FRANK C KEIL, THE MIT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCES (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.: MIT PRESS, 1999).

CONCEPTUALISATION 5

CONCLUSIONA.5

IN STUDYING PART A, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ME TO UNDERSTAND THAT COMPUTATION DESIGN IS NOT JUST A TOOL FOR HELPING DESIGN PROCESS BUT A PART OF DESIGN THOUGHTS. WITH THE COMBINATION OF THE THOUGHTS FOR FUTURE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN AND THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE, I FOUND IT IMPORTANT TO SEE THE CHANGES AND BENEFITS IN USING

COMPUTATION FOR DESIGN PROCESS. COMPUTATION IS ABLE TO GENERATE COMPLEX FORMS IN A MORE CONVENIENT WAY. ALSO WITH THE COMPUTATION DESIGN THINKING, I WOULD THINK OF GENERATING FORM USING ALGORITHMIC THINKING FORM THE INITIAL STATE OF DESIGN RATHER THAN USING THE DIGITAL SKILLS AS A TOOL TO HELP ACHIEVING DESIGN PRODUCTS.

LEARNING OUTCOME

A.6

8 CONCEPTUALISATION

IN THE BEGINNING OF THE LEARNING, WITH NO EXPERIENCE OFUSING COMPUTING TOOLS, I WAS ONLY CREATING SHAPES AND FORMS IN THE SOFTWARE. HOWEVER WITH THE INFORMATION LEARNED FROM THE LECTURE AND READING, I STARTED TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF USING ALGORITHMIC TOOLS

TO GENERATE DIFFERENT FORMS. THEN I STARTED LOOKING AT GENERATING RATHER THAN THE SHAPE WHICH WAS MADE BEFORE. THINKING ABOUT HOW A FORM COULD FURTHER GENERATE USING

DIFFERENT TOOLS WILL HELP ME UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT COMPUTATION DESIGN IN THE FUTURE STUDY OF THIS SUBJECT.

CONCEPTUALISATION 9

A.7ALGORITHMIC

SKETCH

10 CONCEPTUALISATION

THERE SKETCHES MAKE ME STARTED TO THINK OF CREATING FORMS

WITH THE HELP OF DIFFERENT TOOLS. ALSO I REALIZED THAT USING

A DIGITAL TOOL IS IMPORTANT FOR IDEA GENERATING. AND IT IS

A SKILL THAT I NEED TO FAMILIAR WITH, PRACTICE WITH.

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

12 CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 13

REFERENCES BELL, BRUCE, AND SARAH SIMPKIN, “DOMESTICATING PARAMETRIC DESIGN”, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 88-91 HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1560

FRY, TONY, DESIGN FUTURING (OXFORD: BERG, 2009)

KALAY, YEHUDA E, ARCHITECTURE’S NEW MEDIA (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.: MIT PRESS, 2004)

OXMAN, RIVKA (2014), AND ROBERT OXMAN, THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE

OXMAN, RIVKA, AND ROBERT OXMAN, “NEW STRUCTURALISM: DESIGN,ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGIES”, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 80 (2010), 14-23 HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1101

PETERS, BRADY, “REALISING THE ARCHITECTURAL IDEA: COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AT HERZOG & DE MEURON”,ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 56-61 <HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1554>

PETERS, BRADY, AND XAVIER DE KESTELIER, COMPUTATION WORKS

POPOVSKA, DUSANKA, “INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN: NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS”,ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 34-35 HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1550

14 CONCEPTUALISATION

WILSON, ROBERT A, AND FRANK C KEIL, THE MIT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THECOGNITIVE SCIENCES(CAMBRIDGE, MASS.: MIT PRESS, 1999)

POPOVSKA, DUSANKA, “INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN: NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS”,ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83 (2013), 34-35 HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1002/AD.1550

CONCEPTUALISATION 15