Sun God Summary
Transcript of Sun God Summary
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Kim Fromme, Ph.D.
UCSD Task Force for Sun God Festival
September 26, 2013
Challenges to Prevention of College
Drinking
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College Drinking: Whats the problem?
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Some Facts about College Student Drinking 70-90% of college students drink alcohol
Many drink moderately and without problems
Yet, an estimated 1,800 college students dieannually of alcohol-related injurie
Motor vehicle accidents Alcohol poisoning
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Heavy Drinking andAlcohol related Consequences
56% of college men and 35% of college womenare heavy episodic drinkers
Heavy episodic drinking is associated withsocial, academic, and behavioral problems
Hangovers
Driving after drinking
Blackouts
Doing something they regret
Missing class or work due to drinking
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What College Students Bring to College
Family Background
Genetics
Parental drinking and
attitudes Parental involvement
in childrens lives
Individual Factors
Gender and race
High school alcohol
use Personality traits
Expectations
About alcohol
About college life
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Prospective and reciprocal processes thatinfluence drinking Selection:People choose environments or people that
have certain patterns of drinking
Heavy drinking friends in high school are replaced with heavy
drinking friends in college
Join a Fraternity or Sorority
Socialization:People adapt to their environments and
friends
Alter their drinking to meet expectations Match the drinking rates of friends
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What Environmental Characteristics
Contribute to College Drinking
Community
Outlet density
Marketing (e.g., Happy
Hour specials, sporting
events)
Norms and expectations
Enforcement
College
Peer norms
Availability of alcohol
Policies and enforcement
Residential systems
Level of supervision
Reputation of dorms and
Greek houses
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College Residence and Changes inDrinking from HS to College
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What about the College Culture Contributes
to Heavy Drinking?
Greater personal freedom
Few real world responsibilities
Drinking is often expected and reinforced
College viewed as Time out Especially for specific times/events (e.g., Spring
Break, Post-exams, Sun God Festival)
Drinking and other behavioral risks increase fromhigh school through college
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Alcohol Use from High SchoolThrough College
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
HS Fresh Fall Soph Fall JuniorFall
SeniorFall
Year 5Fall
Year 6Fall
Outcome(z-score)
Drinking & Driving
Alcohol Frequency
Alcohol Quantity
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So What do we Know about College
Prevention Efforts?
What works and what doesnt
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What does not work
Information and knowledge-based programs Alcohol awareness programs
Facts about alcohol and about laws
Scare tactics Threats about dire consequences
Frightening images
Easiest to implement, but ineffective
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Attempts to Convey the Hazards of
Heavy Drinking
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What might work (but needs furtherevaluation)
Policies that appear to reduce drinking: Alcohol-free activities and dorms
Campus bans (including faculty and alumni events)
Mandatory Friday classes
Social marketing campaigns to correct peer
norms
Media messages to promote light drinking
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NIAAA Task Force on College DrinkingTier 1: Effective Interventions
Brief motivationally-based interventions
Skills training programs
Multi-component cognitive-behavioral
programs including:
Expectancy challenge
Individualized feedback
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Primary Targets of EffectiveIndividual level Prevention Programs Motivation to drink
Skills to moderate use
Outcome expectancies
Peer norms(e.g., over-estimation effects) Residence (e.g., Greeks)
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Reviews of Individual orientedPrevention Programs Larimer & Cronce (2007)
41 studies met inclusion criteria Support for skills-based and motivational
interventions that incorporated personalizedfeedback
Mixed support for norms-challenging interventions
Carey, Scott-Sheldon, Carey, & DeMartini (2007) Meta-analysis of 62 studies
Fixed effect sizes ranged from .02 to .22(with one peak BAC =.41)
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Review of Environmental Policiesto Reduce College Drinking(Toomey, Lenk, & Wagenaar, 2007)
36 (of 110) studies with college students
Mixed results for reducing access
Mixed results for social norms campaigns
Multistrategy approaches appear best Server training alone not effective
Policies to restrict access not effective alone
Social norms campaigns can have iatrogenic effects
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Parent Interventions for College Students(Turrisi, August 2005)
Target - Universal & Selective
Written handbook for parents
Motivation, knowledge, skills
Reduced drinking by students
when parents involved
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Conclusions about Current AlcoholPrevention Efforts with College Students
The good news Brief, motivationally based interventions, and multi-
component skills-based programs result in decreased
alcohol use and/or associated behavioral
consequencesThe bad news
Reductions arent dramatic
Time accounts for significant effects
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Some emerging directions for tackling
college drinking
Target selection and socialization processes Involve parents, schools, and communities
One size unlikely to fit all Develop targeted interventions by age, personality, and
academic/career goals Consider ways to involve peers and campus leaders
Bystander interventions
Athletes; Organizations (e.g., Greeks)
Focus on Event-specific Prevention
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Event-specific Prevention (ESP)
College student drinking is highly variable Overall rates may be low, whereas heavy drinking on single occasions
Community and personal events are often marked byheavy consumption
New Years Eve, St. Patricks Day, spring break, and Halloween 21stbirthdays, graduation, and accomplishments (e.g., finals)
ESP efforts can energize a campus and community
Defined problem(s) to be solved
Vs. the daunting task of overall alcohol prevention
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Efforts to Target Specific Events
21stBirthday celebrations Students often consume more on 21stbirthday than any other high
risk drinking events (e.g., New Years Eve; Halloween)
Birthday cards with prevention messages (mixed)
Internet-based normative feedback (encouraging)
In person and web-based BASICS for 21stbirthday In person most significant outcomes
Spring Break A time of peak drinking during the academic year
Efforts to change peer norms Modestly effective
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Setting Goals and Developing Strategies for
Event-specific Prevention
Possible goals Reduce high levels of consumption
Health protection (e.g., alcohol poisoning; ER visits)
Limit alcohol-related behavior problems (e.g., aggression;
driving) Possible targets/strategies
Attitudes and expectations
Environmental changes (e.g., availability; enforcement)
Medical amnesty Safe ride programs
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Starting points
Unlikely to change overall drinking at UCSD in a shortperiod of time
Opportunity to decrease harms during Sun God Festival as a
huge step forward Importance of framing strategies in ways students accept and
promote
Need to involve a broad base (students, alumni, parents,
faculty, and community) Consider harnessing all available means (e.g., social media)
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Reactions, Questions and Moving
Forward