A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AT MAGNUM

CLOTHING PRIVATE LIMITED, CHENNAI

BY

POORANI.TReg. No-12809631029

Of

ST.PETER’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AVADI, CHENNAI-600 054.

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Award of the Degree

Of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

ANNA UNIVERSITYCHENNAI-600025

SEPTEMBER- 2010

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this summer project report “A STUDY ON STRESS

MANAGEMENT AT MAGNUM CLOTHING PRIVATE LIMITED,

CHENNAI” is the bonafide work of POORANI.T (12809631029) who carried

out the project work under my supervision and in partial fulfillment for the

award of degree of Master of Business Administration, Anna University, and

Chennai.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE

(Dr.T.L.V.SUBRAMANIAN) (Mr.R.SUDHAKAR)

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNALEXAMINER

DECLARATION

I am POORANI.T, a bonafide student of Department of Management Studies,

St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, would like to

declare that the project title “A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AT

MAGNUM CLOTHING PRIVATE LIMITED,CHENNAI” in partial

fulfillment of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION degree course of

the Anna University, is my original work.

DATE:

PLACE: CHENNAI SIGNATURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A Project of this magnitude and nature requires kind co-operation from many, for

successful completion. I wish to express my sincere thanks to all those who were involved in

the completion of this Project.

I am extremely thankful to our Principal Dr. D.S Ramachandra Murthy., B.E., M.sc.,

F.I.E., MICI, MISNDT. Having given me an opportunity to serve the purpose of any

education.

I am indebted to Dr.T.L.V. Subramanian., B.sc., B.Tech, PGDMM, MBA ,MMM

Ph.D., PG Dip in Advance Management, Head of the Department of MBA, for his moral and

academic support during the period of my Project.

I have immense pleasure and satisfaction in expressing my heartfelt thanks to my

internal guide Mr.R. Sudhakar, B.E., MBA, Lecturer in Department of MBA, St.Peters

college of Engineering and technology.

I am greatly thankful to Mr.sundaramoorthy, Factory manager and

Mrs.Koteeshwari, Company official for their helpful guidance and valuable support given to

me throughout the project.

I am extremely grateful to all the employees in magnum clothing private limited for

kind co-operation and encouragement for the successful completion of this work.

With great respect and obedience I thank my parents and friends who were the

backbone behind our deeds.

T.POORANI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT i LIST OF TABLES ii

LIST OF CHARTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 1

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 24

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 24

1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 25

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25

1.6 RESEARCH DESIGN 25

1.6.1 SAMPLING 26

1.6.2 DATA ANALYSIS 27

CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 CONCEPTUAL &THEORETICAL 30

2.2 RESEARCH REVIEW 31

CHAPTER-3 PROFILE

3.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 34

3.2 COMPANY PROFILE 37

CHAPTER-4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 39

4.1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 56

CHAPTER-5 SUMMARY &CONCLUSION

5.1 FINDINGS 60

5.2 SUGGESTIONS 62

5.3 CONCLUSION 63 APPENDICES QUESTIONAIRE 64

BIBLIOGRAPHY 67

REFERENCES 68

ABSTRACT

Stress is a phenomenon that we are all familiar with reports, articles and news stories

bombard us with news about the increased stress in our daily life and warn us of the dangers

of long-term stress. Work related stress in the life of organized workers, consequently, affects

the health of organization. Stress management is a collection of skills, tools, and techniques

that help you reduce, manage, and even counteract the negative side-effects of stress.

This project discusses how stress is one of the most influential factors that affect a worker's

behavior and the way they deal with others. The importance in understanding stress is vital

as it not only can negatively affect my interpersonal relationships, but my health as well. This

also discusses what stress is and where stress comes from. In addition, it analyzes the most

frequent consequences of stress and how to reduce it .

The research design used for this study is descriptive research design .In this study non-

probability convenience sample technique is employed in selecting the samples. The primary

data were collected through the administered questionnaire .The secondary data were

collected from journals and websites.

The questionnaire was prepared and response was noted for 100 employees in magnum

clothing private limited .The data was tabulated and analysed using simple statistical

methods like simple percentage analysis and chi-square test.

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO

1.1.1 Different jobs and its related causes of stress. 5

4.1 Job satisfaction among Employees 39

4.2 Time for Entertainment 40

4.3 Work-Life Balance 41

4.4 Respond with anger for interruption 42

4.5 Sharing problems with colleagues 43

4.6 Tensed during non-achievement 44

4.7 Negative thinking about the job 45

4.8 Sleeping problem due to stress 46

4.9 Problem of sugar/BP/any others 47

4.10 Feeling of stress 48

4.11 Reason for stress 50

4.12 Yoga or Meditation reduce stress 52

4.13 Spending time with family/friends 54

4.14 Chi-square table 57

4.15 Calculation 58

LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NO CHART NAME PAGE NO

4.1.1 Job satisfaction among employees 39

4.2.1 Time for Entertainment 40

4.3.1 Work-Life Balance 41

4.4.1 Respond with anger for interruption 42

4.5.1 Sharing problems with colleagues 43

4.6.1 Tensed during non-achievement 44

4.7.1 Negative thinking about the job 45

4.8.1 Sleeping problem due to stress 46

4.9.1 Problem of sugar/BP/any others 47

4.10.1 Feeling of stress 49

4.11.1 Reason for stress 51

4.12.1 Yoga or meditation reduce stress 53

4.13.1 Spending time with family/friends 55

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

1.1 Individual coping strategies 12

1.2 Organizational coping strategies 13

3.1 Organization structure 38

1. INTRODUCTION

(1.1).OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT:

Stress is a phenomenon that we are all familiar with. Reports, articles and news

stories bombard us with news about the increased stress in our daily life and warn us of the

dangers of long-term stress.

Although most of us experience some kind of stress on a daily basis (even if it’s only

from something like burning the dinner), few may actually know what stress actually is.

Stress is our physical, mental, and emotional response to the various demands, changes, and

events in our life.

In some cases, stress motivates and encourages us to complete a task we find difficult

so that we can take pride in ourselves and what we achieve.

In an ideal world, we would have just enough stress to keep us working to our full

potential, but not enough to cause overwhelm or excessive anxiety. Too much or too little

stress is where we run into problems.

Stress symptoms begin to manifest themselves when we perceive or feel that life

demands are exceeding our ability to deal with them. When stress begins to take its toll, we

may experience both physical and psychological effects.

A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred years. Some of

the theories behind it are now settled and accepted others are still being researched and

debated. During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare

between competing theories and definitions: Views have been passionately held and

aggressively defended. What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know

what stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore be

obvious…except that it is not.

DEFINITION OF STRESS:

Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was

that “stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of

exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or

infection is detrimental. ”Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be

experienced irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative.

Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have

moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing ", with a range of harmful biochemical and

long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations.

The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S

Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that

“demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.” In

short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost control of events.

This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we also

recognize that there is an inter twined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The

stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think.

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF STRESS:

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:

Just as environmental uncertainty influences the design of an organization. Changes

in business cycle create economic uncertainties.

POLITICAL UNCERTAINTIES:

If the political system in a country is implemented in an orderly manner, there would

not be any type of stress.

TECHNOLOGICAL UNCERTAINTIES:

New innovations can make an employee’s skills and experiences obsolete in a very

short period of time. Technological uncertainty therefore is a third type of environmental

factor that can cause stress. Computers, robotics, automation and other forms of

technological innovations are threat to many people and cause them stress.

ORGANIZATION FACTORS:

There are no storages of factors within the organization that can cause stress;

pressures to avoid error or complete tasks in a limited time period, work overload are few

examples.

Task demands are factors related to a person’s job. They include the design of the

individual’s job working conditions, and the physical work layout. Role demands relate to

pressures placed on a person as a function of the particular role he or she plays in the

organization. Role overhead is experienced when the employees is expected to do more than

time permits.

Role ambiguity is created when role expectations are not clearly understood and

employee is not sure what he / she is to do. Interpersonal demands are pressures created by

other employees. Lack of social support from colleagues and poor. Interpersonal

relationships can cause considerable stress, especially among employed with a high social

need.

Organizational structure defines the level of differentiation in the organization, the

degree of rules and regulations, and where decisions are made. Excessive rules and lack of

participation in decision that affect an employee are examples of structural variables that

might be potential sources of stress.

Organizational leadership represents the managerial style of the organizations senior

executive. Some executive officers create a culture characterized by tension, fear, and

anxiety. They establish unrealistic pressures to perform in the short-run impose excessively

tight controls and routinely fire employees who don’t measure up. This creates a fear in their

hearts, which lead to stress.

Organizations go through a cycle. They are established; they grow, become mature,

and eventually decline. An organization’s life stage - i.e. where it is in four stage cycle-

creates different problems and pressures for employees. The establishment and decline stage

are particularly stressful.

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS:

The typical individual only works about 40 hrs a week. The experience and problems

that people encounter in those other 128 non-work hrs each week can spell over to the job.

FAMILY PROBLEMS:

National surveys consistently show that people hold family and discipline, troubles

with children are examples of relationship problems that create stress for employee and that

aren’t at the front door when they arrive at work.

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS:

Economic problems created by individuals overextending their financial resources are

another set of personal troubles that can create stress for employees and distract their

attention from their work.

TABLE(1.1.1).DIFFERENT JOBS AND ITS RELATED CAUSES OF

STRESS:

TYPES OF JOBS RELATED CAUSES OF STRESSS

Financial:

Accountant, stock marketing bank

tellers Mortgage, consultants.

In companies where money is the major products a

high level of stress is a permanent feature. The larger

the sum involved, the greater the stress on the staff.

Sales oriented:

Sales and marketing managers, and

consultants advertising executive.

These jobs pressurize workers by continually

demanding that they reach targets with certain

budgets and deadlines. Sales staffs are on snow.

Technological:

Compute programmer and

technicians, statisticians

IT specialists have to keep abreast of the fastest

changing industry ever. Technicians have fix hard

ware and explain complex problems to the

unanimated.

Medical:

Nurses, doctors, anesthetists,

pharmacists, physical therapist

When people’s health and even lives are stake, there

can be enormous pressure to make the right decision

quickly. There is a great stress in dealing with human

distress.

People-based:

Personal managers, social

workers, counselors, any managers

with team of staff working under

them.

These jobs require skills such as lack and discretion

that can be necessary to implement redundancies,

disciplinary procedures and other decisions that

cause people distress.

CAUSES OF STRESS:

Many things (or the anticipation of them) can lead to stress. These include:

pressure to perform at work or school

money worries

family and relationship problems

arguments

bereavement

unemployment

threats of physical violence

Often there is no particular reason for developing stress, and it's caused by a build-up

of a number of small things.

It's important to differentiate between temporary stress that you know will go away

when a situation is resolved, and long-term or chronic stress. Most people can cope with

short periods of stress. Chronic (continuous) stress is much harder to deal with, and can be

psychologically, emotionally damaging, to you and your friends and family.

STRESSORS:

The agents or demands that evoke the potential response are referred to as stressors.

According to Syele a stressors is “Whatever produces stress with or without functioning

hormonal or nervous systems”.

TYPES OF STRESSORS:

EXTRA ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS:

Extra organizational stressors have a tremendous impact on job stress. Taking an

open system perspective of an organization, it is clear that job stress is not just limited to

things that happen inside the organization, during working hours. Extra organizational

stressors include things such as social / technological change, the family, relocation,

economic & financial conditions, race & class, residential or community conditions.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS:

Besides the potential stressors that occur outside the organization, there are also

those associated with the organization itself. Although the organization is made up of groups

& individuals, there are also more macro-level dimensions unique to the organization that

contains potential stressors.

GROUP STRESSORS:

The group can also be a potential source of stress. Group stressors can be categorized

into three areas.

Lack of group’s cohesiveness:

“Cohesiveness” or “togetherness” is a very important to employees, especially at

the lower levels of the organizations. If the employee is denied the opportunity for this

cohesiveness because of the task design, because the supervisor does things to prohibit or

limit it, or because the other members of the group shut the person out, this can be very stress

producing.

Lack of social support:

Employees are greatly affected by the support of one or more member of a cohesive

group. By sharing their problems & joys with others, they are much better off. It this type of

social support is lacking for an individual, it can be very stressful

Intra-Individual, interpersonal & inter-group conflict:

Conflict is very closely conceptually or hostile acts between associated with in

compatible or hostile acts between intra-individual dimensions, such as personal goals or

motivational needs / values, between individuals within a group, & between groups.

INDIVIDUAL STRESSORS:

In a sense, the other stressors (Extra organizational, organizational, & Group

stressors) all eventually get down to the individual level. For example, role conflict,

ambiguity, self-efficacy & psychological hardiness may all affect the level of stress someone

experiences.

TYPES OF STRESS:

GOOD STRESS V/S BAD STRESS:

Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging

the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is everywhere

and definitely unavoidable. Hence our emphasis should be on differentiating between what is

good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and

harness the power of positive stress to help us achieve more.

There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo

stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst positive

stress can be very helpful for us. Here’s how we differentiate between them.

EUSTRESS:

This is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the

imminent challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your

body which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting a higher heart rate. Athletes

before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well with

eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed.

DISTRESS:

We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This

occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs when

there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress and chronic

stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other hand, chronic stress

persists over a long period of time. Trigger events for distress can be a change in job scope or

routine that the person is unable to handle or cope with.

HYPER STRESS:

This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to

cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer

working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering from

hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over insignificant issues,

the proverbial straws that broke the camel’s back. It is important for you to recognize that

your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and chronic physical and

psychological reactions.

HYPO STRESS:

Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels

constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress; hence

some stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having workers who

experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to fall. If the job scope

is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement some form of job rotations that

there is always something new to learn.

WORKPLACE STRESS:

Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when

there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of the

worker. Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including

psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and other

types of emotional strain(e.g., dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.), maladaptive behaviours

(e.g., aggression, substance abuse), and cognitive impairment (e.g., concentration and

memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or even

injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately

to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease.

Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today's workplace. About one-third of

workers report high levels of stress. One-quarter of employees view their jobs as the number

one stressor in their lives. Three-quarters of employees believe the worker has more on-the-

job stress than a generation ago. Evidence also suggests that stress is the major cause of

turnover in organizations.

CAUSES OF WORKPLACE STRESS:

Job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work.

Views differ on the importance of worker characteristics versus working conditions as the

primary cause of job stress. The differing viewpoints suggest different ways to prevent stress

at work. According to one school of thought, differences in individual characteristics such as

personality and coping skills are most important in predicting whether certain job conditions

will result in stress-in other words, what is stressful for one person may not be a problem for

someone else. This viewpoint leads to prevention strategies that focus on workers and ways

to help them cope with demanding job conditions.

Although the importance of individual differences cannot be ignored, scientific

evidence suggests that certain working conditions are stressful to most people. Such evidence

argues for a greater emphasis on working conditions as the key source of job stress, and for

job redesign as a primary prevention strategy. Personal interview surveys of working

conditions, including conditions recognized as risk factors for job stress, were conducted in

Member States of the European Union in 1990, 1995, and 2000. Results showed a trend

across these periods suggestive of increasing work intensity. In 1990, the percentage of

workers reporting that they worked at high speeds at least one-fourth of their working time

was 48%, increasing to 54% in 1995 and to 56% in 2000. Similarly, 50% of workers reported

they work against tight deadlines at least one-fourth of their working time in 1990 increasing

to 56% in 1995 and 60 % in 2000. However, no change was noted in the period 1995–2000

(data not collected in 1990) in the percentage of workers reporting sufficient time to

complete tasks. A substantial percentage of Americans work very long hours. By one

estimate, more than 26% of men and more than 11% of women worked 50 hours per week or

more in 2000. These figures represent a considerable increase over the previous three

decades, especially for women. According to the Department of Labour, there has been an

upward trend in hours worked among employed women, an increase in extended work weeks

(>40 hours) by men, and a considerable increase in combined working hours among working

couples, particularly couples with young children.

SIGNS OF WORKPLACE STRESS:

Mood and sleep disturbances, upset stomach and headache, and disturbed

relationships with family; friends and girlfriends or boyfriends are examples of stress-related

problems. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to see because

chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many factors other

than stress. Nonetheless, evidence is rapidly accumulating to suggest that stress plays an

important role in several types of chronic health problems-especially cardiovascular disease,

musculo skeletal disorders, and psychological disorders.

PREVENTION:

A combination of organizational change and stress management is often the most

useful approach for preventing stress at work.

How to Change the Organization to Prevent Job Stress

Ensure that the workload is in line with worker’s capabilities and resources.

Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to use

their skills.

Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.

Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting their

jobs.

Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and future

employment prospects.

Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.

Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and responsibilities

outside the job.

Discrimination inside the workplace. (e.g. nationality and language )

COPING WITH STRESS AT WORK PLACE:

With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have also

increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term “Monday Blues”. What is the

reason for this? There is partly the fear from being retrenched in bad times, leading to greater

job insecurity on the part of those who remain. Undoubtedly, occupational stress is one of the

most commonly cited stressors faced by people all over the world

Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results in

psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivation and

increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such as reduced

effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolated and disrespected at

work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Many companies have taken to

consulting expert sand professionals on ways to increase connectedness and motivation of

their employees.

Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at work.

These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secure at their jobs,

translating into greater productivity. However, not all companies have such measures in

place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure that you

can cope with stress at your work place, and use it to help you work better.

INDIVIDUAL COPING STRATEGIES:

Many strategies for helping individuals manage stress have been proposed.

FIGURE. (1.1).INDIVIDUAL COPING STRATEGIES

ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES:

The most effective way of managing stress calls for adopting stressors and prevent

occurrence of potential stressors.

Two basic organizational strategies for helping employees manage stress are

institutional programs and collateral programs.

THE INDIVIDUAL COPINGSTRATEGIES

REDUCEDSTRESS

EXERCISE RELAXATION TIME

MANAGEMENT SUPPORT BEHAVIOURAL

SELF-CONTROL

COGNITIVE THEORY

COUNCELLING

STRESS REDUCTIONORGANIZATIONAL

STRATEGIES FOR STRESS REDUCTION

FIGURE.(1.2).ORGANISATIONAL COPING STRATEGIES

UNHEALTHY WAYS OF COPING WITH STRESS:

These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage

in the long run:

Smoking

Using pills or drugs to relax.

Drinking too much.

Over eating or under eating.

Withdrawing from friends, family and activities.

Sleeping too much.

Taking out your stress on others.

LEARNING HEALTHIER WAYS TO MANAGE:

If your methods of coping with stress aren’t contributing to your greater emotional

and physical health, it’s time to find healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to manage

and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the situation or

change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, it’s helpful to think of the four

As: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept.

INSTITUTIONALPROGRAMS

COLLATERALPROGRAMS

EMPLOYEE STRESSREDUCTION

Since everyone has a unique response to stress, there is no “one size fits all” solution

to managing it. No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so experiment

with different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel calm and in control.

STRESS MANAGEMENT:

Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a

stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and

plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body

exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the

conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that

stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable.

Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.

Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension,

sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health

problems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous

systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked with

stress.

Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management

techniques are some of the body's important built-in response systems. As a

relaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some

hormones released during the 'fight or flight' situation prompt the body to replace the lost

carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knotted

nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness.

Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing situations without

asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations.

DEFINITION:

Stress management encompasses a range of modalities designed to treat the physical

and emotional toll of stress. The approaches used can include bodywork, meditation,

counseling, energy work, and education. Stress management is the amelioration of stress and

especially chronic stress often for the purpose of improving everyday functioning.

A set of techniques used to help an individual cope more effectively with difficult

situations in order to feel better emotionally, improve behavioural skills, and often to

enhance feelings of control.

RECOGNIZING A STRESSOR:

It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times,

even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts to it internally

as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens

when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body

constantly tries to tell us through symptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight

muscles or various body aches that something is wrong. It is important to remain attentive to

such symptoms and to learn to cope with the situations

We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them voluntarily. In cases

of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports or having a baby, we tend to respond

positively under stress. But, when we are compelled into such situations against our will or

knowledge, more often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown and imagined threats. For

instance, stress may mount when one is coerced into undertaking some work against one's

will.

LAUGHTER:

Adopting a humorous view towards life's situations can take the edge off

everyday stressors. Not being too serious or in a constant alert mode helps

maintain the equanimity of mind and promote clear thinking. Being able to laugh stress away

is the smartest way to ward off its effects .A sense of humour also allows us to perceive and

appreciate the incongruities of life and provides moments of delight. The emotions we

experience directly affect our immune system. The positive emotions can create neuro

chemical changes that buffer the immunosuppressive effects of stress.

During stress, the adrenal gland releases corticosteroids, which are converted to

cortical in the blood stream. These have an immune suppressive effect .Dr Lee Berk and

fellow researcher Dr. Stanley Tan at Loma Linda University School of Medicine have

produced carefully controlled studies laughter lowers serum cortical levels, increases the

amount and activity of T-lymphocytes—the natural killer cells. Laughter also increases the

number of T-cells that have suppresser receptors.

WHAT LAUGHTER CAN DO AGAINST STRESS AND ITS EFFECTS?

Laughter lowers blood pressure and reduces hypertension.

It provides good cardiac conditioning especially for those who are unable to perform

physical exercise.

Reduces stress hormones (studies shows, laughter induces reduction of at

least four of neuro endocrine hormones—epinephrine, cortical, dope, and growth

hormone, associated with stress response).

Laughter cleanses the lungs and body tissues of accumulated stale air as it

empties more air than it takes in. It is beneficial for patients suffering from

emphysema and other respiratory ailments.

It increases muscle flexion, relaxation and fluent blood circulation in body.

Boosts immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells, disease-

fighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and disease-destroying antibodies

called B-cells.

Laughter triggers the release of endorphins—body's natural painkillers.

Produces a general sense of well-being.

COPING WITH STRESS (REMEDIAL ACTIONS):

1. CHANGE YOUR THINKING:

REFRAMING:

Reframing is a technique used to change the way we look at things in order to feel

better about them. The key to reframing is to recognize that there are many ways to interpret

the same situation ( i.e. the situation such as is the glass half full or half empty). Learn to get

rid of negative thoughts or feeling that can result in stresses. There are three simple things

you can do.

Spend more time focusing on the positive things in your life - Accentuate the

positive.

Spend less time thinking negatively - Eliminate the negative

Enjoy each moment - Latch on to the affirmative

POSITIVE THINKING:

Avoid negative thoughts of powerlessness, dejection, failure, and despair. Chronic

stress makes us vulnerable to negative suggestion. Learn to focus on positives.

Focus on your strengths.

Learn from the stress you are under.

Look for opportunities in the stressful situation.

Seek out the positive-make a change

2. CHANGE YOUR BEHAVIOUR:

BE ASSERTIVE:

Learn to be assertive. Non-assertiveness allows others to walk all over you. You

surrender the control of the situation to others. Being assertive means standing up for your

personal rights and expressing your thoughts, feelings and beliefs directly, honestly and

spontaneously in ways that don’t infringe on the rights of others. Assertive people respect

themselves and others. They take responsibility for their actions and choices. In case of

failure, they will get disappointed; but their self-confidence remain intact. Expressing

negative feelings at the appropriate time avoids the buildup of resentment. This will help you

manage your stress more successful.

GET ORGANIZED/TIME MANAGEMENT:

One of the most common causes of stress is being disorganized at work or at home.

Here are some tips to get organized. Here are some tips to get organized.

Keep a dairy.

Write lists of tasks to accomplish prioritize them and schedule when you

will complete them.

Writing down objectives, duties and activities helps to make them more tangible and

do-able. Having a schedule also helps you provide the facts when your boss asks you to

perform unreasonable tasks. They may have no idea that you are overwhelmed with work

and the additional responsibilities cannot be accomplished unless something else goes.

Again, prioritizing tasks helps you to minimize the stressful situations.

VENTILATION:

People who keep things for themselves without sharing with their friends or loved

ones carry a considerable and unnecessary burden. Share your problems and concern with

others. Develop a support system of relatives, colleagues or friends to talk to when you are

upset or worried. When you are frustrated write it down. After you have vent the frustration,

destroy the writing so that it is forgotten. Rereading the journal will reawaken the frustration

and anger. So, do not keep it.

Seek social support. Studies have shown that close, positive relationships with others

facilitate good health and morale. One reason for this is that support from family and friends

serves as a buffer to cushion the impact of stressful events. Talking out problems and

expressing tensions can be incredibly helpful. If things really get bad, seek help from a

therapist, counselor, or clergyman.

HUMOUR:

Humour is a wonderful stress-reducer and antidote to upsets. It is clinically proven to

be effective in combating stress, although the exact mechanism is not known. Experts say a

good laugh relaxes tense muscles, speeds more oxygen into your system and lowers your

blood pressure. So tune into your favorites sitcom on television. Read a funny book. Call a

friend and chuckle for a few minutes. It even helps to force a laugh once in a while. You'll

find your stress melting away almost instantly. Americans were attracted to humor from the

stories of Norman Cousins, who had successfully overcome cancer by watching comedy

shows on television. These days, there are organized humour meetings even in places like

India where laughing in public is not considered good manner.

Dr. Lee Berk and fellow researcher Dr. Stanley Tan at Loma Linda University School

of Medicine has produced carefully controlled studies showing that the experience of

laughter lowers serum cortisol levels, increases the amount of activated T lymphocytes,

increases the number and activity of natural killer cells, and increases the number of T cells

that have helper/ suppresser receptors. In short, laughter stimulates the immune system, off-

setting the immunosuppressive effects of stress.

We know that, during stress, the adrenal gland releases corticosteroids (quickly

converted to cortisol in the blood stream) and that elevated levels of these have an immune

suppressive effect. Berk’s research demonstrates that laughter can lower cortisol levels and

thereby protect our immune system.

The emotions and moods we experience directly affect our immune system. A sense

of humour allows us to perceive and appreciate the incongruities of life and provides

moments of joy and delight. These positive emotions can create neuro chemical changes that

will buffer the immunosuppressive effects of stress.

In his book, ' Stress without Distress,' Selye suggested that a person's interpretation of

stress is not dependent solely on an external event, but also depends upon the perception of

the event and the meaning he or she gives it. So, how you look at a situation determines if

you will respond to it as threatening or challenging.

Humour gives us a different perspective on our problems. If we can make light out of

the situation, it is no longer threatening to us. We already discounted its effect. With such an

attitude of detachment, we feel a sense of self-protection and control in our environment. Bill

Cosby is fond of saying, "If you can laugh at it, you can survive it.

DIVERSION AND DISTRACTION:

Take a break away from the situations or tasks that are the source of your stress and

frustration. Take a vacation or a short walk. This does not solve the root cause. But, it takes

away from the source of stress so that you can "catch your breath." It also gives you an

opportunity to think about the situation more objectively and may even help you to resolve

the situation when looked through a different perspective

3. CHANGE YOUR LIFESTYLE:

DIET:

A well balanced diet is crucial in preserving health and helping to reduce stress.

Certain foods and drinks act as powerful stimulants to the body and hence are a direct cause

of stress. This stimulation, although quite pleasurable in the short term, may be quite harmful

in the long run. We will look at a few of them.

Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, chocolate, Coke, etc. It causes the release of

adrenaline, thus increasing the level of stress. When taken in moderation, coffee can increase

your alertness, increased activity in the muscles, nervous system and heart. Consuming too

much caffeine has the same effect as long term stress. It is suggested that there is a link

between caffeine intake and high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.Be careful in

reducing the coffee or caffeine consumption. Cutting it off abruptly can result in your

experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Reduce the consumption slowly over a period of time.

Like caffeine, taken in moderation, alcohol is a very useful drug. It has been shown

to benefit cardiovascular system. Alcohol is a major cause of stress. The irony of the

situation is that most people take to drinking as way to combat stress. But, in actuality, they

make it worse by consuming alcohol. Alcohol and stress, in combination, are quite

deadly.Alcohol stimulates the secretion of adrenaline resulting in the problems such as

nervous tension, irritability and insomnia. Excess alcohol will increase the fat deposits in the

heart and decrease the immune function. Alcohol also limits the ability of the liver to remove

toxins from the body. During stress, the body produces several toxins such as hormones. In

the absence of its filtering by the liver, these toxins continue to circulate through the body

resulting in serious damage.

Many people use cigarettes as a coping mechanism. In the short term, smoking seems

to relieve stress. But in the long term smoking is very harmful. Its disadvantages far

outweigh its short-term benefits. Cigarette smoking is shown to be responsible for a variety

of cancers, hypertension, respiratory illness and heart disease.

Sugar has no essential nutrients. It provides a short-term boost of energy through the

body, resulting possibly in the exhaustion of the adrenal glands. This can result in irritability,

poor concentration, and depression. High sugar consumption puts a severe load on the

pancreas. There is increasing possibility of developing diabetes.

Keep your blood sugar constant. Do not use sugar as a "pick me up."

Salt increases the blood pressure, deplete adrenal glands, and causes emotional

instability. Use a salt substitute that has potassium rather than sodium. Avoid junk foods high

in salt such as bacon, ham, pickles, sausage etc.

EXERCISE:

Research has shown that physical exercise is the best tension reliever. It is a very

important remedy for stress. Nothing eases stress more than exercise. Exercise, when

property done, gives your body time to operate in the efficiency mode.

Physically, exercise improves your cardiovascular functions by strengthening and

enlarging the heart, causing greater elasticity of the blood vessels, increasing oxygen

throughout your body, and lowering your blood levels of fats such as cholesterol and

triglycerides. All of this, of course, means less chance of developing heart conditions,

strokes, or high blood pressure.

Mentally, exercise provides an outlet for negative emotions such as frustration, anger,

and irritability, thereby promoting a more positive mood and outlook. Exercise improves

mood by producing positive biochemical changes in the body and brain. Regular exercise

reduces the amount of adrenal hormones your body releases in response to stress. Also, with

exercise, your body releases greater amounts of endorphins, the powerful, pain-relieving,

mood-elevating chemicals in the brain. Depressed people often lack these neurochemicals.

Endorphins are natural pain killers and also help lift your mood. The runner's high is a result

of the increased endorphins in the body. Exercise, therefore, will keep your body functioning

properly and will keep you feeling both relaxed, refreshed and promote deep, restful sleep

Exercise seems to be a popular 'fix' for stress, this is something that must be

approached with caution. For people who have a sedentary job or lifestyle it could work

wonders. For the person who is already overworked and physically drained it simply does not

make any sense whatsoever to add any additional workload.

Begin an exercise that you enjoy, preferably, do something that brings you into

contact with other people. The value of such exercise, three times a week for 20 minutes to

two hours, can not be over emphasized.

Problems always seem less important when you are walking, swimming, running,

cycling, or are involved in any physical pursuit; apart from the mental benefits, physical

exercise uses up excess adrenaline. Exercise has another beneficial effect. Most people, when

exercising, do not worry. They are actually resting the nerve cells in the brain that worry,

giving those cells time to renew them, so they can function normally the next time they are

needed. There are other ways of "resting your mind". Dancing, listening to music, reading,

working on a craft, playing a musical instrument, meditation, self relaxation, and biofeedback

also relieve stress. Any activity which concentrates your attention on a subject other than

life's problems will help rest your mind. This allows the brain to renew itself.

MEDITATION:

Meditation and Relaxation Response can help combat stress and revitalize the mind.

First choose a word or phrase-such as, peace or one. Then sit in a comfortable position, close

your eyes, relax your muscles, and allow yourself to breathe slowly and naturally. As you

exhale, repeat the word or phrase. After doing this for 10 to 20 minutes once or twice a day,

you may notice your stress drifting away along with your exhalations.

DEEP BREATHING:

Deep breathing infuses the blood with extra oxygen and also stimulates the body to

release tranquilizing endorphins. It is one of the simplest yet most effective stress

management techniques. You can do it anywhere, anytime, and it becomes even more

effective with practice.

NATURE WALKS AND IMAGINERY:

We know the feeling when we sit in the beach and see the sun set or sit on the brink of

Grand Canyon looking at the view. We are so much into appreciating the beauty and the awe

of the god's creation, we forget about our other problems. It is like meditation. We are

transported to a different world. This is a great way to get rid of stress from our system. Take

frequent nature walks. Watch the magnificent sunset. Listen to good music and let it transport

you to distant realms. Stop and smell the rose and marvel at its beauty. All of these that

pleases the senses calms the mind as well. So give yourself time-and opportunity-to indulge

your senses. Let your little pleasures bring relief from big problems.

Nature is one of the best soothers of stress. Taking a quiet walk in a park or watching

a beautiful sunset can do wonders. Even reminiscing about such a scene from your past, or

simply imagining one, allows your stress level to drop

HYDROTHERAPY:

Hot baths can do more than keep you clean. It has been found that warm baths (water

temperature between 100 to 102 degree F) not only relax the muscles but help provide some

quiet time as well. So when you need to escape, fill the tub, lie back, and relax.

Generally, heat quiets and soothes the body, slowing down the activity of internal

organs. Cold, in contrast, stimulates and invigorates, increasing internal activity. If you are

experiencing tense muscles and anxiety from your stress, a hot shower or bath is in order. If

you are feeling tired and stressed out, you might want to try taking a warm shower or bath

followed by a short, invigorating cold shower to help stimulate your body and mind.

Experiment with different water temperatures and durations in the bath or shower to

determine what water method works best for you. Remember, the goal is to use hydrotherapy

to achieve a state of comfort, relaxation, and refreshment.

Water seems to have special powers in getting rid of stress and rejuvenating our body.

It affects the skin and muscles. It calms the lungs, heart, stomach, and endocrine system by

stimulating nerve reflexes on the spinal cord.

When you submerge yourself in a bath, a pool, or a whirlpool, you experience a kind

of weightlessness. Your body is relieved from the constant pull of gravity. Water also has a

hydrostatic effect. It has a massage-like feeling as the water gently kneads your body. Water,

in motion, stimulates touch receptors on the skin, boosting blood circulation and releasing

tight muscles.

The more the water is in motion, higher is its stress-relieving benefits. In a study of

40 persons at University of Minnesota, 85% of the participants preferred a whirlpool bath to

a still bath. Only whirlpool was effective in reducing the participants' reactivity to stress

although both still and whirlpool baths were effective in reducing anxiety.

MUSIC THERAPY:

Listening to music does wonder to alleviate stress. Please note that everyone has

different tastes in music. Listen to the music that you feel comfortable. Sitting down and

forcing yourself to listen to relaxation music that you don't like may create stress, not

alleviate it. Music has always been a great healer. In the Bible, we learn about how David

played the harp to help ease his severe depression of King Saul .Music is a significant mood-

changer and reliever of stress, working on many levels at once.

(1.2).OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an

opportunity, demand or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the

outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. This is a complicated definition.

But it is different in the case of employees of clothing company. These employees

are the people who also have to achieve the certain target and so for the non achievement of

target the employees remain stressed and tensed. The employees who have the simple work

also have to face the problem of stress. Due to recession the private sector is also facing the

problem of employee cut-offs and so the work load of the existing employees increases and

the feel stressed. The main objective is

To study stress among employees in Magnum Clothing Private Limited

To find whether stress comes from work place or home.

To find whether there is a relationship between the age of the employees

and stress.

(1.3).SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The study will be focused on measuring the stress level of employees in the

Company. The study includes all the employees irrespective of their age, gender,

designation and department. The project is worked on magnum clothing private

limited Chennai. Middle and lower level of employees are targeted.

The primary data is collected in the organization by using questionnaire. The

primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus

happen to be original in character.

The sample size is 100 employees. The questionnaire is provided and answers

are collected from the employees.

(1.4).LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

The sample size chosen is covered only a small portion of the whole population of

magnum clothing private limited, Chennai.

The study is confined to limited period i.e. Six weeks.

Accuracy of the study is purely based on the information as given by the respondents.

(1.5).RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Decisions regarding what, when, how much, by what concerning an enquiry or a

research study constitute a research design. A research design is the arrangement or

conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to

the research purpose with economy in procedure.

(1.6.1).RESEARCH DESIGN:

Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various

research operations thereby research as effective as possible yielding maximal information

with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.

There are many kinds of research design namely exploratory, diagnostic research,

descriptive research, hypothesis testing, etc. This research deals with descriptive research.

The research study undertaken by the researcher in this projects the “Descriptive

Study”. It includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose

of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at present. The main

characteristics of this method are that the researcher has no control over the variables; it can

only report which has happened or what is happening.

PERIOD OF STUDY:

The present study had been undertaken for period of 6 weeks, in which it had

divided into two stages as such. Stage I is of research problem and collection the literature of

the topic chosen. Stage II is of analysis and interpretations by using different statistical tools,

findings and recommendations

FIELD OF STUDY:

This study has been conducted in Chennai. The response has been got from the

people working in Magnum clothing private limited located in kilkattalai.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:

The tool used for data collecting was questionnaire method. The questionnaire was a

highly structured one with multiple choices. The questionnaire was focused to study various

factors such as the sourcing, interview process.

ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONAIRES:

Questionnaires are very cost effective when compared to face-to-face interviews. This

is especially true for studies involving large sample sizes and large geographic areas.

Written questionnaires become even more cost effective as the number of research

questions increases.

Questionnaires are easy to analyze. Data entry and tabulation for nearly all surveys

can be easily done with many computer software packages.

Questionnaires are familiar to most people. Nearly everyone has had some experience

completing questionnaires and they generally do not make people apprehensive.

Questionnaires reduce bias. There is uniform question presentation and no middle-

man bias. The researcher's own opinions will not influence the respondent to answer

questions in a certain manner. There are no verbal or visual clues to influence the

respondent.

(1.6.2).SAMPLING:

It is the procedure or process of selecting a sample from the population. A sampling

can also be defined as the process of drawing a sample from a population and of compiling a

suitable statistic from such a sample in order to estimate the parameter drawn from the parent

population and to test the significance of the statistic computed from such a sample.

METHODS OF SAMPLING:

A sample can be selected from a population in various ways. Different situations can

call for different methods of sampling.

There are two methods of sampling.

1 .Probability sampling method

2. Non probability sampling method

PROBABILITY SAMPLING:

It is also known as random sampling or chance sampling. Under this, every item of

the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. The results obtained from

probability or random sampling can be assured in terms of probability i.e. we can measure

the errors of estimation or the significance of results obtained from a random sample.

Random sampling from a finite population refers to the method of sample selection which

gives each possible sample combination an equal probability of being picked up and each

item in the entire population to have an equal chance of being included in the sample.

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING:

It is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the

probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample. Non

probability sampling is also known as purposive sampling or judgments sampling. Items for

the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items

remains supreme. Under non probability sampling, the organizers of the inquiry purposively

choose the particular units of the universe for constituting a sample on the basis that the small

mass that they so select out of a huge one will be typical or representative of the whole. In

such a design, personal element has a great chance of entering into the selection of the

sample.

SAMPLING ERRORS:

Sampling Errors is inherent in the method of sampling. Sampling depends on chance

and due to the existence of chance in sampling, the sampling errors occur. Sampling errors

are the random variation in the sample estimates around the true population parameters.

Since they occur randomly and are equally likely to be in either direction, their nature

happens to be of compensatory type and the expected value of such error decreases with the

increase in the size of the sample, and it happens to be of a smaller magnitude in case of

homogenous population.

NON SAMPLING ERRORS:

Non sampling errors or Bias automatically creep in due to human who always varies

from one investigator to another. Bias may arise due to negligence and carelessness on the

part of investigator, faulty planning of sampling, and faulty selection of sample units,

incomplete investigation and sample survey, error in compilation and due to the application

of wrong statistical measure.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Sample distribution of a statistic is the frequency distribution which is formed with

the various values of a statistic computed from different samples of the same size drawn from

the same population. We can draw a large number of samples of same size from a population

of fixed size, each sample containing different population members. Any statistic like mean,

median, variance, standard deviation etc may be computed for each of the samples. As a

result a series of various values of that statistic may be obtained. These various values can be

arranged into a frequency distribution table, which is known as the sampling distribution of

the statistics. There are two major areas of statistics i.e. descriptive statistics and inferential

statistics. Descriptive statistics concern the development of certain indices from the raw data,

whereas inferential statistics concern with the process of generalization. Inferential statistics

also known as sampling statistics and are concerned mainly with the estimation of population

parameters and the testing of statistical hypothesis.

(1.6.3).DATA ANALYSIS:

Data obtained are tabulated and analyzed by percentage analysis and chi-square test.

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS METHOD:

It refers to a special kind of ratio. It is used in making comparison between two or

more series of data. Percentage analysis is used to determine relationships between the series

of data.

Finding relative difference becomes easier through percentage analysis.

No of respondents

Percentage = ------------------------- × 100

Total no of respondents

CHI- SQUARE TEST:

It is a non-parametric test and distribution free tests, which are designed to conduct

statistical tests on the samples. They are very easy to compute and understand. They can be

used with types of measurements that prohibit the use of parametric test. Chi-Square

describes the magnitude of discrepancy between theoretical and observed values.

χ2 = ∑ (Oi – Ei) ² / Ei

Where,

Oi - Observed Frequency

Ei - Expected Frequency

χ2 – It should be positive and should range from 0 to ∞

Expected value Ei = (Row Total × Column Total) / Grand Total

DATA PROCESSING:

Data thus collected from the employees are tabulated and analyzed. Data is analyzed

by Percentage Analysis. The results obtained are tabulated and pictorial representation of the

same is done through Chart diagram.

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

(2.1).CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL REVIEW:

The concept of stress was first introduced in the life sciences by HANS SELYE in

1936. It is concept borrowed from the natural sciences. Derived from Latin word

‘SRINGERE’, stress was popularly used in seventeenth centaury to mean hardship, strain,

adversity or affliction. It was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to denote force,

pressure, strain or strong effort with reference to an object or person.

The term stress is used to connote a variety of meaningful both by the common man

and psychologist. Psychologist of different persuasions have given (a) stimulus –oriented,

(b) Response – oriented (both physiological & behavioral), (c) depth psychologist have

treated the concept from the etiological and psychodynamic viewpoints. It appears that under

these

Circumstances the essential features of the stress experienced have not received the attention

they deserve. (Asthana, 1983).

Stress is regarded as an external force which is perceived as threatening. Some view

threat itself as stress. According to Selye (1956), any external event or any internal drive

which threatens to upset the organismic equilibrium is stress.

Stress is involved in an environmental situation that perceived as presenting demand

which threatens to exceed the person’s capabilities and resources for meeting it, under

conditions where he or she expects a substantial differential in the rewards and costs from

meeting the demand versus not meeting it. (Mc Grath, 1976)

Stress is the term often used to describe distress, fatigue and feelings of not being able

to cope. The term stress has been derived from the Latin word ‘stringer’ which means to

draw tight. The term was used to refer the hardship, strain, adversity or affliction. Stress is an

integral part of natural fabric of life. It refers both to the circumstances that place physical or

psychological demands on an individual and to the emotional reactions experiences in these

situations (Hazards,1994). Although, the adverse effects of stress on physical health and

emotional well being are increasingly recognized, there is little agreement among experts on

the definition of stress: - According to Selye (1976), stress is caused by physiological,

psychological and environmental demands. When confronted with stressors, the body creates

extra energy and stress occurs because our bodies do not use up all of the extra energy that

has been created. Selye first described this reaction in 1936 and coined it the General Adapt

ion Syndrome (GAS). The GAS includes three distinct stages: a) alarm reaction, b) stage of

resistance c) stage of exhaustion According to Lazaras (1976). Stress occurs when there are

demands on the person, which taxes or exceeds his adjustive resources. According to Spiel

berger, (1979): the term stress is used to refer to a complex, psycho- biological process that

consists of three major elements. This process is initiated by a situation or stimulus that is

potentially harmful or dangerous stressor. If a stressor is interpreted as dangerous or

threatening, an anxiety reaction will be elicited. Thus the definition of stress refers to the

following temporal events.

(2.2).RESEARCH REVIEW:

REVIEW 1:

Differential Effectiveness of Coping in Managing Stress and Burnout in Oncology

Nurses. By Rounds, James B., Jr.Zevon, Michael.

High levels of stress experienced by primary care oncology nursing staff, and the

competency impairment which results from such stress, has become a matter of much

concern in health care settings. This study was conducted to identify the coping strategies

employed by oncology nurses, and to relate these strategies to differential indices of stress

and burnout. Oncology nurses (N=133) at a comprehensive cancer center completed the

Ways of Coping (WC) Checklist, the Job-Related Tension Index, the Emotional Exhaustion

Scale, the Role Conflict scale, the Job Involvement scale, and the Home-Work Conflict scale.

The Job Involvement scale showed a clear and positive relationship to five of the eight WC

scales (Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Planed Problem-

Solving, and Positive Reappraisal), all of which contained coping responses characterized by

constructive engagement. Role conflict, stress, and burnout indices were most strongly and

positively associated with the WC scales of Confrontative Coping, Distancing, Accepting

Responsibility, and Escape-Avoidance scales, and negatively associated with the Planed

Problem-Solving scale. Type of coping response was differentially related to the level of

reported stress and burnout. Increased use of emotional-focused coping responses was related

to increased reports of stress and burnout.

REVIEW 2:

Occupational Stress and Health of Women LPN's and LSW's , by Barnett, Rosalind;

And Others.

This study examined work and non-workplace sources of stress in the lives of

women (N=403) currently employed as health-care providers. Female licensed practical

nurses and social workers were sampled because they met the three criteria determined upon

for the study; that is, they were all in high-stress occupations; women predominate in those

professions; and these professions had readily identifiable populations which permitted

drawing random samples. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the relationships

between work-role quality, family-role occupancy, and family role quality on one hand and

mental and physical health outcomes on the other hand. The results indicated that: (1) among

female health-care providers, work-role quality was an important predictor of mental and

physical health measures, particularly subjective well-being, physical health symptoms, and

cardiovascular disease; (2) family role occupancy had few direct effects on psychological

distress, well-being, or physical symptoms; (3) parent role and partner role quality had direct,

but not interactive effects, with subjective well-being; (4) family role quality had both direct

and interactive effects with psychological distress and physical health; (5) the subjects

showed stability with respect to role occupancy, role quality, and health measures.

REVIEW 3:

Impact of Stress on the Performance of Construction Project Managers by Mei-yung

Leung, Yee-shan chan and Paul olomolaiye.

The work of construction project managers (CPMs) is often highly stressful, due to

time pressures, and due to the uncertainties and the dynamic social structure involved in

construction projects. This study aims to investigate the impact of stress on the performance

of CPMs. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling are employed to uncover the

relationships between different types of stress (i.e., objective stress, burnout, and

physiological stress) and the work performances (i.e., task performance, interpersonal

performance, and organizational performance) of CPMs. Data were collected from 108 CPMs

who work in a variety of construction sectors, including prime contractors, subcontractors,

developers, consultant firms, and the public sector. Results showed that (1) objective stress

reduces the task performance of CPMs while burnout can have a positive effect on it; (2)

interpersonal performance is maximized with a moderate level of objective stress (i.e., an

inverted-U-shaped relationship between these two variables) and increases in line with the

improvement of the task performance of individuals; and (3) organizational performance has

U-shaped relationships with both burnout and physiological stresses and is worsened by

objective stress. Last, it is suggested to stakeholders that regular reviews of job allocation,

stress appraisals, stress management workshops, group or individual counseling, and

psychological treatment or physiotherapy be carried out to optimize the stress and the

performance of CPMs.

3. PROFILE

(3.1).INDUSTRY PROFILE:

The textile industry in India (including the garment industry) is vital to the

economy of the country. It contributes to over 6 per cent of the gross domestic product of

India and earns 18 per cent of the total foreign exchange earnings of the country.

The textile industry consists of three distinct sectors, viz, spinning, weaving and

processing. The industry is the largest employer next only to agriculture which is the

mainstay of the economy. Over 50 per cent of the employees are women who help to sustain

the family income. The garment industry alone employs four million workers and helps to

support labour working in ancillary manufacturing buttons, zippers, sewing thread,

embroidery thread, metal studs, polybags, cartons, cardboard sheets, etc.

The country follows very strict labour laws which govern inter alias safety, lighting,

working conditions, age at entry, and restriction on storage to prevent fire hazards,

emoluments, and welfare services, supervised by ever-vigilant labour officers of the state

governments.

The country has the largest acreage under cotton in the world but is almost totally

dependent on monsoon, yielding a poor 308 kgs/hectare. The country has a well-developed

textile industry of cotton as well as synthetic fibers/yarn supported by silk, wool and jute.

The textile industry is diversified with an unorganized sector inter-mingled, with the

organized sector. The organized mill sector of the textile industry (excluding garments)

which is over a century old, is currently a decimated lot with the bulk of the production of

fabrics having been taken over by the power loom sector which purchases yarn from

spinners. Each unit of the organized cotton mill sector consists of departments ranging from

the opening and mixing of cotton, up to spinning of yarn which is subsequently reeled into

larger packages preparatory to the weaving of grey fabric for further processing in its

processing section for final finishing. Textile productions of fabrics on hand-operated looms

make a significant contribution to fabric production. The industry produces 42,000 million

square meters of fabrics, of all fibers, per annum.

While the spinning sector is very well-organized producing yarn as coarse as 6s to as

superfine as 160s, both in singles and multiples, the weaving sector, especially the power

loom sector has considerable leeway to make good with up gradation in technology. Even as

of today, the power loom sector is keenly interested in setting up automatic air-jet/water-jet

looms which are of vintage variety with a balance life-span of 10 to 15 years. On the other

hand, the organized mill sector is keen to keep in touch with the latest technology. It is

currently passing through a phase of rehabilitation partly from its own resources and partly

with the help of finances made available by government and through public investment.

The processing sector is the weakest link in the chain of the textile industry. This

sector too has an organized as well as unorganized sector. While the unorganized sector

concentrates only on certain processes, the organized sector concerns itself with the

processing of fabric from the grey stage up to its finished state. It may be noted that this

organized sector is independent of the sector installed by the organized mill industry. This

sector concerns itself only with processing of fabric (from start to finish).

The garment industry in India is a $23 billion industry (at the current rate of

exchange of Rs.44 = $). Like its textile counterpart, this industry also comprises the

organized and unorganized sector. The unorganized sector largely consists of job workers

who carry out jobs given by their principals, under their supervision. The organized sector

generally consists of units having a minimum of 10 sewing machines under one roof. This

sector also covers large brands having in the vicinity with overseas partners. The organized

sector is, by and large, update with modern technology, has economies of scale, is cost-

competitive and is in a position to execute orders on time.

The garment industry produces over 100 varieties of garments for different end-

uses. Additionally, a section of the industry concentrates on manufacture of ethnic garments,

or what are traditionally called “India Items”.

EXPORTS:

Exports of textiles (including garments) from India are worth around US $14 billion

of which the share of garments is close to US$. 6.5 billion. The country is aiming at an

exchange earning of $.50 billion by 2010. At the current rate, the country bids fair to reach

the target. A break-up of export earnings for various arms of the textile industry is given

below:

PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY:

For people of a country of the size of India, the per capita consumption of garments,

even after accounting for ethnic garments consumption is barely 6 pieces per annum whereas

in countries like US (much smaller in population than India), it is close to 100 pieces per year

. Thus, the scope in India is vast.

REFORMS AND THE FUTURE:

The Indian textile industry (including garments) is just emerging from the shadows

of a debilitating quota system, a system which only skewed production for as long as ten

years without any reward in return.

Government of India is going full steam on economic reforms. To begin with,

government has steadily raised the ceiling for investment in plant and machinery of a unit

from Rs 1 crore (i.e. US $0.23 million) to Rs. 4 crore (i.e. US$. 0.91 million) for the unit to

be considered as a unit in the small-scale sector. Insofar as garments are concerned the

government, realizing its potential, has removed both the woven and knitted sectors from the

limits fixed for the small-scale sector. This has resulted in investments flowing into this

sector.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been permitted in the garment sector in the

shape of joint ventures. FDI in retail is almost on the cards but, for the present, the franchise

route is favoured.

Government has been divesting of its resources sunk into various state-owned

companies and utilizing the released resources to improve infrastructure, reform rural

economy, undertake electrification of villages, provide clean drinking water to rural folk and

generally uplift the rural economy and rural agriculture. Considering the fact that almost 60

per cent of India’s population lives in the villages, this new-found thrust will generate a

demand for goods on a scale which cannot be fathomed.

(3.2).COMPANY PROFILE:

Magnum Clothing Private Ltd., is a pioneer in the field of textiles and has been

associated with world's best known fashion labels since 1987.woven garments has been the

forte of the company since then, till date. The activities of the group are now spread over five

locations in and around the city of Chennai, India.

Magnum was set up with the pioneering effort of Mr. Chandra Prakash Singhee in

1987.with the best of technology and business acumen, Magnum became a true Indian

multinational. Magnum chose to invest strategically, where demand was high and quality

required was superlative.

Our list of clients include, many top brands covering all corner of the world. With

British designers among the team of professionals, we are updated with the latest in fashion

of woven garments. Apart from being certified by Govt. of India as a STAR EXPORT

HOUSE.

Magnum has set the pace for changing global customer’s demands for textiles and

has focused its attention on a few selected core products.Such a focus has enabled the

company to play a dominant role in the global textile arena with its presence across the

textile value chain, the company endeavors to be a one-stop-shop for leading garment brands

and with the intent, magnum has forayed into garment manufacturing, trading and packaging

for women and children's wear.The company has got garment sewing units at

Pallavaram

Keelkattalai.

Padappai

Kundrathur

Oragadam.

Figure. (3.1).organization structure

JuniorMerchandiser

QA Team

QualityControllers

ProductionManager

AdministrativePersonnel

FinishingManager

IE Planning

CuttingIn charge

Qualitycontroller

Ironingin charge

Checkingin charge

Packingin charge

Maintenancepersonnel

Securitypersonnel

LaborWelfareofficer

Accountant

Cutters

Packinghelpers

Needlehelpers

ManagingDirector

CEO

Senior factory Manager

SeniorMerchandiser

Quality assurance manager

Production floor incharge

Linesupervisor

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TABLE (4.1). JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

C

H A

R T

(4.1.1). JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

88%

12%

YES

NO

INFERENCE:

As is evident from the chart, majority of the respondents (88%) are satisfied with their

current job and some of the respondents (12%) are not satisfied with their jobs.

OPTIONS NO.OF.RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 88 88

2.NO 12 12

TOTAL 100 100

TABLE (4.2) TIME FOR ENTERTAINMENT:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 54 54

2.NO 46 46

TOTAL 100 100

CHART (4.2.1) TIME FOR ENTERTAINMENT:

TIME FOR ENTERTAINMENT

54%

46% YES

NO

INFERENCE:

As a evident from the chart, 54% of the employee spent regular time on

entertainment which helps us to remain stress free while 46 % of the employees don’t do

that.

TABLE. (4. 3).WORK- LIFE BALANCE:

CHART. (4.3.1)WORK-LIFE BALANCE:

WORK-LIFE BALANCE

81%

19%

YES

NO

INFERENCE:

As an evident from the chart, 81 % of the employees find their Work- life to be balanced

while 19 % of the employees don’t have their Work- life balanced.

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 81 81

2.NO 19 19

TOTAL 100 100

TABLE.(4.4).RESPOND WITH ANGER FOR INTERRUPTION:

CHART (4.4.1). RESPOND WITH ANGER FOR INTERRUPTION:

RESPOND WITH ANGER FOR INTERRUPTION

83

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

YES NO

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

INFERENCE:

Out of 100 employees, 83% of the employees responded with anger when they are

interrupted by someone, 17% does not respond with anger they remain silent during

interruption.

TABLE. (4.5).SHARING PROBLEMS WITH COLLEAGUES:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 83 83

2.NO 17 17

TOTAL 100 100

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 88 88

2.NO 12 12

TOTAL 100 100

CHART(4.5.1).SHARING PROBLEMS WITH COLLEAGUES:

SHARING PROBLEMS WITH COLLEAGUES

88

120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

YES NO

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

INFERENCE:

Out of 100 employees, 88% of the employees of the company discuss their problem

and share their feelings with their colleagues or friends while 12 % of the employees are not

concerned with it .

TABLE (4.6). TENSED DURING NON-ACHIEVEMENT:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 86 86

2.NO 14 14

TOTAL 100 100

CHART (4.6.1).TENSED DURING NON-ACHIEVEMENT:

TENSED DURING NON-ACHIEVEMENT

86

140

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

YES NO

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

INFERENCE:

From the chart it proved that 86% of the employees get tensed at the non achievement of the

target while 14 % of the employees work casually.

TABLE. (4.7) NEGATIVE THINKING ABOUT JOB:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 34 34

2.NO 66 66

TOTAL 100 100

CHART. (4.7.1). NEGATIVE THINKING ABOUT JOB:

NEGATIVE THINKING ABOUT JOB

34%

66%

YES

NO

INFERENCE:

34% of the employees have negative thinking about their job while 66% of the employees are

not concerned with it.

TABLE.(4.8).PROBLEM IN SLEEP DUE TO STRESS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 9 9

2.NO 91 91

TOTAL 100 100

CHART. (4.8.1).SLEEPING PROBLEM DUE TO STRESS:

SLEEPING PROBLEMS DUE TO STRESS

9%

91%

YES

NO

INFERENCE:

Out of 100 employees, 9% of the employees have sleeping problem due to stress while 91%

remain free from sleeping problem.

TABLE. (4.9). BP/SUGAR OR ANY OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.YES 10 10

2.NO 90 90

TOTAL 100 1OO

CHART. (4.9.1) OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS:

OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS

10

90

YES

NO

INFERENCE:

Out of 100 employees, 10% of the employees have health problems while 90% are healthy.

TABLE. (4.10). FEELING OF STRESS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.ALWAYS 63 63

2.OFTEN 0 O

3.OCCATIONALLY 29 29

4.RARELY 0 0

5.NEVER 8 8

TOTAL 100 100

INFERENCE:

63% of the employees feel stressed while 8 % of the employees are not feeling stressed and

29 % of the employees feel stressed occasionally.

CHART. (4.10.1).FEELING OF STRESS:

FEELING OF STRESS

63

0

29

0 8010203040506070

ALWAYS

OFTEN

OCCATIONALLY

RARELY

NEVER

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

TABLE. (4.11). REASON FOR STRESS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.WORKLOAD 43 43

2.FAMILY PROBLEMS 10 10

3.BOTH 39 39

4.OTHERS 8 8

TOTAL 100 100

INFERENCE:

Out of 100 employees,43 % of the employees are stressed because of their work load

or work related problems, 10% by their family problems while 39% of the employees are

stressed due to both family and work related problems and8% employees have other

problems.

CHART. (4.11.1).REASON FOR STRESS:

REASON FOR OF STRESS

43

10

39

805

101520253035404550

WORK LOAD FAMILYPROBLEMS

BOTH OTHERS

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

TABLE . (4.12).YOGA OR MEDITATION REDUCE STRESS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.STRONGLY AGREE 16 16

2.AGREE 27 27

3.UNDECIDED 17 17

4.DISAGREE 40 40

5.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 O

TOTAL 100 100

INFERENCE:

16% of the employees strongly agreed that yoga or meditation will reduce their stress while

27% of the employees agreed to some extent. 40% of the employees felt not and 17%

remains undecided.

CHART.(4.12.1).YOGA OR MEDITATION REDUCE STRESS:

YOGA OR MEDITATION REDUCE STRESS

1627

17

40

005

1015202530354045

STRONGLYAGREE

AGREE UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLYDISAGREE

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

TABLE.(4.13). SPENDING TIME WITH FAMILY /FRIENDS

REDUCES STRESS:

OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1.STRONGLY AGREE 71 71

2.AGREE 24 24

3.UNDECIDED 5 5

4.DISAGREE 0 0

5.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 0

TOTAL 100 100

INFERENCE:

71% of the employees agreed strongly that spending time with family/friends reduce stress

while 24% of them agreed to some extent.5% of them does not respond.

CHART. (4.13.1). SPENDING TIME WITH FAMILY /FRIENDS

REDUCES STRESS:

SPENDING TIME WITH FAMILY/FRIENDS REDUCE STRESS

71

245 0 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

STRONGLYAGREE

AGREE UNDECIDED DISAGREE STRONGLYDISAGREE

Options

No

of

resp

on

den

ts

PERCENTAGE

(4.1). STASTISTICAL ANALYSIS:

CHI-SQUARE TEST:

Null hypothesis (H˳): There is no significance relationship between an age of the employees

and feeling of stress.

Alternative hypothesis (Hֽı): There is a significance relationship between an age of the

employees and feeling of stress.

Level of significance: Consider 5% level of significance

FORMULA:

χ2 = ∑ (Oi – Ei) ² / Ei

Where,

Oi - Observed Frequency

Ei - Expected Frequency

χ2 – It should be positive and should range from 0 to ∞

Expected value Ei = (Row Total × Column Total) / Grand Total

TABLE. (4.14). CHI-SQUARE TEST:

FEELING OF

STRESS

AGE LEVEL

Always Often occasionally Rarely Never TOTAL

Below 20 5 0 3 0 2 10

20-25 23 0 16 0 2 41

25-30 16 0 7 0 3 26

30-35 10 0 2 0 0 12

Above 35 9 0 1 0 1 11

TOTAL 63 0 29 0 8 100

TABLE. (4.15) .CALCULATION:

OBSERVED

FREQUENCY(Oi)

EXPECTED

FREQUENCY(Ei)

(Oi-Ei) (Oi-Ei)² (Oi-Ei)²/Ei

5 6.3 -1.3 1.69 0.268

0 0 0 0 0

3 2.9 0.1 0.12 0.041

0 0 0 0 0

2 0.8 1.2 1.44 1.8

23 25.83 -2.83 8.0089 0.310

0 0 0 0 0

16 11.89 4.11 16.89 1.420

0 0 0 0 0

2 3.28 -1.28 1.638 0.5

16 16.38 -0.38 0.144 0.008

0 0 0 0 0

7 7.54 -0.54 0.291 0.038

0 0 0 0 0

3 2.08 0.92 0.846 0.407

10 7.56 2.44 5.954 0.787

0 0 0 0 0

2 3.48 -1.48 2.190 0.629

0 0 0 0 0

0 0.96 -0.96 0.922 0.96

9 6.93 2.07 4.284 0.618

0 0 0 0 0

1 3.19 -2.19 4.796 1.503

0 0 0 0 0

1 0.88 0.12 0.014 0.016

∑χ²=9.305

From the above table, calculated value for chi-square test is 9.305.

Degrees of freedom=(no of rows-1)*(no of columns-1)

= (5-1)*(5-1)

=16

The table value of χ² for 16 degrees of freedom at 5% level of significance is 26.296

Therefore calculated value is lesser than table value , so H˳ is accepted.

CONCLUSION:

From the statistical analysis, it is proved that there is no relationship between the age level

and stress of the employees.

(5.1).FINDINGS:

It is analyzed from the questionnaire filled by the employees that most of them are stressed.

Majority of the employees 88% discuss their problems with their colleagues or

friends but some of them don’t believe in sharing their problems with their spouse or

friend or any closed one. Thus we can say that sharing your problems with your

spouse or close friends is a better idea to reduce stress

While considering the point of view of entertainment it depends upon the mood of the

employees. The entertainment is considered one of the most ultimate solutions to

reduce stress. 54% of the employees spend regular time for entertainment. Some of

them do not spend. This may be because they may not be getting time for

entertainment or they may not be interested in the same.

One of the questions was asked that they balance their personal life and work? It is

observed clearly that 81% of them have work-life balance and very few those does

not balanced their work and personal life.

Out of 100 employees, 50% of them answered that they respond with anger when

they are interrupted by someone during their work.

86% of the employees get stressed at the non-achievement of their target. From this

we can conclude that all the employees are stressed due to their non-achievement of

the target . One of the other possibilities is that the employees have responded

positively to show themselves to be good.

Out of 100 employees of the sample, 43% of the employees accepted that the reason

for their stress is workload. 10 %employees are not stressed because of the workload

but because of their family problem. 39% of the employees are suffering from both

work related and family problems and 8% of them have other problems.

16 % employees out of 100 employees strongly agreed that practicing yoga will

reduce their stress and the other 40 employees don’t agree. But 27 employees may

agree that yoga sometimes reduce their stress.

Majority of the employees 71% strongly agreed that spending time with

family/friends will reduce their stress.

From the statistical analysis, it is proved that stress is common among all employees

there is no age limit for the occurrence of stress.

The above analysis is done by the data received from the questionnaire. So the accuracy

of data depends upon the response of the employees.

(5.2).SUGGESTIONS:

Most of the employees did have high stress. Person facing stress at the organizational

level of lot of psychological problems in the form of decreased motivation, absenteeism, low

productivity, targets not being achieving etc. as a reedy for the above said employees facing

stress are advised to attend stress management courses which will help them to build coping

strategies and cause out their stress. Some of the suggestions to reduce stress are

Set daily goals.

Positive outlook towards works / responsibilities

Reward yourself for accomplishing things.

Relationship between employee-superior, superior-superior, subordinate-subordinate,

Company has provided good organizational climate that satisfied all.

the needs of employee

Get enough sleep.

Manage your time better.

Be willing to compromise.

Learn to forgive.

Take small breaks during work.

Go for vacation with your family/friends.

Realize excessive use of tea / coffee cigarette is not answer to stress.

Listen to good music

EMPLOYEE’S OPINION ABOUT HOW TO REDUCE STRESS:

This project consists of the information about the employees undergoing from stress.

So considering this topic becomes one of the most important part of the project as it consists

of the opinion of the employees. In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave

their opinion about how to reduce stress. The response of employees was marvelous and they

have given their valuable opinion about reducing stress as a result of the last question

included in the questionnaire. So the opinion of the employees was as follows:

Share your feelings.

Watch a comedy scene in television.

Just smile away.

Just believe in your self and just do what your heart wants

Talking to family members.

Watching TV or listening good music.

Going for a walk or long drive.

Positive attitude is only that reduces stress and achieves success.

These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things

has been noticed that the employees who felt stressed gave their opinions about reducing the

stress.

From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only few employees

have given their opinion how to reduce stress.

(5.3).CONCLUSION:

The present study was conducted at magnum clothing private limited in chennai. The

aim was to find the stress levels, personality type of the employees. This was done using a

detailed questionnaire. The study reveled that most of them are highly stressed & needed

prevailing in the organization to some extent.

At the end of the study, we can conclude that through there are signs of stress among

the employees & such stress is affecting their behaviors, it can be controlled & reduced

effectively.

This can be done by giving counseling & incorporating the suggestions given here in

at individual & organization level.

APPENDIX

QUESTIONAIRE

1. Name:

2. Designation:

3. Name of the company:

4. Age:

a) Below 20

b) 20-25

c) 25-30

d) 30-35

e) Above 35

5. Years of experience:

6. Do you satisfied with your current job?

a) Yes

b) No

7. Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

a) Yes

b) No

8. Do you balance your work and personal life?

a) Yes

b) No

9. Do you respond with anger, when you are interrupted by someone?

a) Yes

b) No

10. Do you discuss your problems with your colleagues or any other close to you?

a) Yes

b) No

11. Do you get tensed at your non-achievement of your target?

a) Yes

b) No

12. Do you find that you are prone to negative thinking about your job?

a) Yes

b) No

13. Do you have trouble falling asleep?

a) Yes

b) No

14.Do you have problem of BP/Sugar/any other health problems?

a) Yes

b) No

15. Do you feel stress sometimes?

a) Always

b) Often

c) Occasionally

d) Rarely

e) Never

16. Reason of your stress is

a) Workload or work related problems

b) Family problems

c) Both

d) Others

17. Yoga or Meditation will reduce your stress?

a) Strongly

b) Agree

c) Undecided

d) Disagree

e) Strongly disagree

18. Spending time with your family/friends reduces stress?

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Undecided

d) Disagree

e) Strongly disagree

19. Suggestions (if any):

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.”Human resource management”- k. Aswathappa

2. “Organization Behaviour” – Concept Controversies & Applications” -

Stephen P.Robbin

3. Stress management- A comprehensive handbook of techniques and

strategies -Jonathan c. smith

WEBSITE:

1. www.Scribd.com

2. www.eHow.com

3. www. HELPGUIDE.ORG

4. www. Holistic online.com

5 www.wikipedia.com

REFERENCES

1. Fred Luthans -“Organization Behavior”, Mc Graw Hill International Edition

2. D. M. Pestonjee - second edition (1998), stress and coping, an Indian experience

3.”Human resource management”- k. Aswathappa

4. “Organization Behaviour” – Concept Controversies & Applications” -

Stephen P.Robbin

5. Stress management- A comprehensive handbook of techniques and

strategies -Jonathan c. smith

6. Agarwal, M. and Naidu, R.K - A study of stresses among university students

Unpublished thesis, University of Allahabad, Allahabad.

7. S.S. Khanka, First Edition (2000), reprint (2006). Organizational Behaviour.

8.”k. Aswathappa”-Human resource management.

9. Lynda Gratton, Veronica Hope Hailey- strategic human resource management.

10. Robert .L. Mathis, John .H. Jackson -Human resource management.

11. Susan.R.Gregson-Stress Management