Summary of the scientific results achieved by APICE project Salvatore Patti 1, Alexander Armengaud...

Summary of the scientific results achieved by Summary of the scientific results achieved by APICE projectAPICE project

Salvatore Patti1, Alexander Armengaud2, John G. Bartzis3, Nicolas Marchand4, Jorge Pey5, Anastasia Poupkou6, Paolo Prati7

A.De Bortoli1, S.DeVettori1, G.Giraldo1, E.Elvini1,G.Formenton1,A.Latella1, F.Liguori1, S.Pillon1, L.Susanetti1, E.Tarabotti1,

D.Piga2, A.Detournay4, D.Salameh4, K.F.Filiou3, D.Saraga3, E.I.Tolis3

N.Perez5, X.Querol5,N.Liora 6, K.Markakis 6, T.Giannaros 6, D.Melas6,

C.Bove7, P.Brotto7, F.Cassola7, E.Cuccia7

1ARPA Veneto - Regional Air Observatory, Venice, Italy,2AirPACA, Marseille, France

3University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Env. Techn., Lab., Kozani, Greece4Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement,, Marseille, France

5Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research –CSIC, Barcelona, Spain6Aristotle University of Thessaloniki-Lab. of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece

7University of Genoa & INFN, Dept. of Physics , Genoa, Italy

2

Intersectorial approachDouble-helix model of the

partnership

Common Mediterranean strategy and local practical Actions for the mitigation of Port,

Industries and Cities Emissions

Budget: 2.281.400,00 €Project timetable: June 2010- February 2013

APICE final ConferenceVenice, 8 November 2012

1. Pinpointing the relative contribution to air quality of pollution sources in the 5 project harbour areas (focus on PM10 & PM2.5)

2. Strengthen the governance capacity to arbitrate between conflicting socio-economic & environmental interests by including the air pollution analysis and trend scenarios within the already existing Sectorial Plans

3. Facilitate and promote voluntary agreements between local administration, port authorities, ship owners and cargos’ handlers to reduce air pollution caused by on-berth vessels (“green ports” approach)

3

’s contentsThe focus

Reduction of air pollution in port cities,

selecting the most effective policies in terms of cost/benefits balance

Specific objectives


http://www.apice-project.euResults section


% Contribution of anthropogenic sources to annual PM10 emissions

10%

2%

0%

0%

48%

0%

10%

8%

22%

0% Energy production

Central heating

Combustion in manifacturing industry

Production processes

Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels andgeothermal energySolvent and other product use

Road transport

Non-road transport

Waste treatment and disposal

Agriculture

Genoa36x19km2 Resolution: 1km x 1km Reference year: 2005


0.0%

0.0%0.0%7.0%

9.2%

3.1%16.6%

54.8%

1.4%

7.9% Energy production

Central heating

Industries


Road transport

Non-road transport (without ship and harboractivities)Ship and harbor activities


Agriculture

Thessaloniki100x100km2, Resolution: 2km x 2 km Reference year: 2008


24.5%

11.3%

3.9%

0.2%

0.2%7.1%

11.0%

38.5%

3.2%

Energy production

Central heating

Industries


Road transport



Agriculture

PM10 emissions pie diagramsPM10 emissions pie diagrams% Contribution of anthropogenic sources to annual

PM10 emissions

7.2%

0.1%0.0%27.6%

1.4%

14.7% 14.7%

20.3%

14.0%

0.0%

Energy production

Central heating

Industries


Road transport



Agriculture

Barcelona100x100km2, Resolution: 50km x 50km, Reference year: 2008

% contribution of anthropogenic sources to annual PM10 emissions

10%

13%

34%0%1%

29%

3%

4%

1%

5%Energy production (SNAP 1)

Central heating (SNAP 2)

Industries (SNAP 3 and 4)

Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energy (SNAP 5)

Solvent and other product use (SNAP 6)

Road transport (SNAP 7)

Non-road transport (without ship andharbor activities) (part of SNAP 8emissions)Ship and harbor activities (part of SNAP8 emissions)

Waste treatment and disposal (SNAP 9)

Agriculture (SNAP 10)

Marseille100x100km2 Resolution: 1km x 1km Reference year: 2007

Venice100x100km2 Resolution: 4km x 4km Reference year: 2008


Energy production

Central heating

Industries


Road transport



Agriculture

Energy production

Central heating

Industries


Road transport



Agriculture

Lo

cal E

miss

ion

inve

nto

riesL

oca

l Em

issio

n in

ven

tories


6

Socio economic indicatorsSocio economic indicatorsIntercomparison of the 5 citiesIntercomparison of the 5 cities

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Barcelona

Genoa

Marseille

Thessaloniki

Venice

Ships arrivals

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Barcelona

Genoa

Marseille

Thessaloniki

Venice

Number of passengers

WP3.3 socio-economic trends

7

Intercomparison sampling in Marseille 25th January – 2nd March 2011


Long monitoring campaign in Barcelona

Torre Girona

(IDAEA-CSIC)

Urban background station

BARCELONA PORT

Harbour station

-PM10, PM2.5, PM1, NOx, SO2, H2S, Meteo real time measurements

-PM10 & PM2.5 sampling using high-vol instruments (2 samples of each fraction per week)

-Chemical characterization of samples

-ICP-AES (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Na, Mg, S, P)

- ICP-MS (Li, Be, Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, V, Sn, Sb, Cd, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Mo, Sr, Rb, Cr, As, Se, Ge, Ga, Zr, Hf, Ta, Tl, Rare earths, etc)

- Ionic chromatography (SO42-, NO3

-, Cl-). Electrode for NH4+

- OC and EC by Sunset

Marseille

East HarbourWest Harbour + indus. Area

Sampling site (same of IC campaign)

Long monitoring campaign in Marseille

~ 40 km

Harbor/indus. environmentUrban background environment

Sampling strategy : - PM10 and PM2.5 (dichotomous sampler)- 1 year at urban background + 6 months in each Harbor/indus site- one sample / week (52x 2 sites x 2 size ranges = 208 samples)

Analytical and SA strategies : - OC/EC, major ions, organic markers, metals/elements- CMB and PMF

Site1: Genoa city Urban Background

Site2: Genoa Multedo Urban Background

Site3: Genoa Bolzaneto Urban Background

All samples: gravimetric + metals (ED-XRF) +EC/OC (Sunset) + Ions (chromatography).

PMF analysis

Long monitoring campaign in Genoa

11

Long monitoring campaign in Venice

HA Harbour Area

(Venice downtown, Giudecca island)

UB Urban Background

(Parco Bissuola)

IB Industrial Background

(Malcontenta)

PM10 PM2.5

Site Mass HM (PM10) Mass Ions SVOC Ctot

HA 1 1 0.5 (1)

UB 1 2 1 2 1 2

IB 1 1 1 2 1 2

Ions Na, Cl, K, SO4, NO3, NH4, Mg, CaHeavy Metals As, Ni, Pb, Cd, V, Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Cr, Co, Sb, Sn, Tl, FeSVOC PAHs, Alkanes, hopanes, steranes

PORTPORT

CITY CITY HALLHALL

Long monitoring campaign in ThessalonikiLong monitoring campaign in Thessaloniki

PARAMETERSPARAMETERS SITE 1 SITE 1 -- HarborHarbor SITE 2 SITE 2 -- UrbanUrban

PM2.5PM2.5 XX XX

PAHPAH’’ss XX XX

Ionic speciesIonic species XX XX

OC/ECOC/EC XX XX

Metals Metals XX XX

Wind speedWind speed XX

Wind directionWind direction XX

TemperatureTemperature XX XX

Humidity Humidity XX XX

Radiation Radiation XX

Rainfall Rainfall XX

PARAMETERSPARAMETERS SITE 1 SITE 1 -- HarborHarbor SITE 2 SITE 2 -- UrbanUrban

PM2.5PM2.5 XX XX

PAHPAH’’ss XX XX

Ionic speciesIonic species XX XX

OC/ECOC/EC XX XX

Metals Metals XX XX

Wind speedWind speed XX

Wind directionWind direction XX

TemperatureTemperature XX XX

Humidity Humidity XX XX

Radiation Radiation XX

Rainfall Rainfall XX


Long monitoring campaign outcomesLong monitoring campaign outcomes


PM2.5 concentrationsat urban sites

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Barcelona Marseille Genoa Venice Thessaloniki

ug

/m3

Summer period Winter period Annual

Source Apportionment by Chemical Transport Models


PM2.5 Source Apportionment by CTMsHarbour contribution at Urban sites

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


Summer period Winter period

PM2.5 Source Apportionment by CTMsHarbour contribution at sites Harbour sites

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%



Source Apportionment by receptor models

APICE final ConferenceVenice, 8 November 2012c

PM2.5 Source Apportionment by receptor modelsHarbour contribution at Urban sites

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%



PM2.5 Source Apportionment by receptor modelsHarbour contribution at Harbour sites

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%



2011 Hotelling Emissions (Mg) by ship categories

0

50

100

150

200

250

Contain

er

Dry b

ulk c

arrie

rs

Gener

al c

argo

Liquid

bulk

ship

s

Other

s

Passe

nger

Ro Ro C

argo

Tugs

Em

issi

on

s (M

g)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

CO SO2 NMVOC PM10 PM2.5 NOx

2011 ship emissions by ship categories and

navigation phases

2011 Manouvering Emissions (Mg) by ship categories

0

50

100

150

200

250

Contain

er

Dry b

ulk c

arrie

rs

Gener

al c

argo

Liquid

bulk

ship

s

Other

s

Passe

nger

Ro Ro C

argo

Tugs

Em

issi

on

s (M

g)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


2011 Cruise Emissions (Mg) by ship categories

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Container Dry bulkcarriers

Generalcargo

Liquidbulk ships

Others Passenger Ro RoCargo

Em

issi

on

s (M

g)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400


Identification of risk activity

17

Scenarios analysis


Present time scenarios (base case run 2011)

Future development scenarios (base future run)(BCN 2015; Ve, Th, Ge: 2020; Ms 2025)

Future mitigation scenarios (future run + emissions mitigations)

Cold ironing for cruise ships or Ro-pax vessels 0.1% for sulfur content in fuels to be used also in manouvering phase Scrubbers to be used in hotelling or manouvering phase Use of LNG fuel Displacement in different areas of harbour terminals Chemical wetting agents to control the storage pile emissions

18

Model application and scenarios for port cities sustainable development strategies


Special thanks for the scientific Special thanks for the scientific coordination to:coordination to:

John G. Bartzis3, Nicolas Marchand4, Jorge Pey5, Anastasia Poupkou6, Paolo Prati7

3University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Env. Techn., Lab.,

Kozani, Greece4Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement,, Marseille, France

5Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research –CSIC, Barcelona, Spain6Aristotle University of Thessaloniki-Lab. of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece

7University of Genoa & INFN, Dept. of Physics , Genoa, Italy

Summary of the scientific results achieved by APICE project Salvatore Patti 1, Alexander Armengaud...

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