EREL European Aerosol Conference, 6-10 September 2004, Budapest J. G. Bartzis,S. Andronopoulos, M....

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European Aerosol Conference, 6-10 September 2004, Budapest

J. G. Bartzis,S. Andronopoulos, M. Kulmala,B. Larsen,M. Lazaridis, C. Lohse,P. Mirabel, C. Pilinis

The BOND Project :

The Marseilles and Athens CampaignAn Overview

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What is BOND

BOND: BIOGENIC AEROSOLS AND AIR QUALITY IN THE

MEDITERRANEAN AREA

A European Project funded under the Programme : ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Atmospheric composition change, climate change prediction and scenarios)

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BOND PARTICIPANTS

• NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” (GR)

• JRC

• AEGEAN UNIVERSITY (GR)

• NILU (NO)

• UNIVERSITE LOUIS PASTEUR (FR)

• UNIVERSITY OF ODENSEE (DK)

• UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI (FIN)

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BOND primary objective

Fill gaps of knowledge and develop tools in quantifying the biogenic secondary aerosol component giving emphasis in Mediterranean area

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The BOND Project-I

• Perform TARGETED SMOG CHAMBER EXPERIMENTS to quantify the formation of SOA (mass yields) and individual products (molar yields) from the photochemical oxidation of selected biogenic as well as anthropogenic VOCs with a high aerosol formation potential and to identify typical constituents of the particle phase to be used

• Develop an ADVANCED BIOGENIC AEROSOL CHEMICAL BOX MODULE, by incorporating the results from the laboratory experiments potentially suitable for integration to 3-D photochemical transport models (based on SARPC90).

• Improve existing AEROSOL PHYSICAL PARAMETRIZATION BOX MODEL ( e.g.UHMA) reflecting the state of the art and the present project field measurements

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The BOND Project-II

• Establish a reliable high resolution BIOGENIC AS WELL AS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION INVENTORY methodology applicable to Mediterranean areas.

• Improve and validate a 3-D AEROSOL/PHOTOCHEMICAL/RADIATIVE MODELLING TOOL to assess the biogenic contribution to aerosols and account for the influence of secondary organic aerosol in global warming and consequently climate change

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The BOND Project-III

• SELECT TWO REPRESENTATIVE MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS with sufficient degree of diversity AS FIELD CAMPAIGN SITES (i.e. Marseilles and Athens) :– To perform physical and chemical characterisation of PM with targeted

field PM and PM precursors measurements .

– To quantify the biogenic fraction on PM with field scale radiocarbon analysis and analysis of molecular markers.

– To validate the abovementioned inventories and models

– To quantify and predict of SOA budgets and radiative properties at regional scale

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BOND – EAC 2004 PRESENTATIONS

1. The BOND PROJECT: Contribution of biogenic emission to the aerosol budget in the Mediterranean area: Sotiropulou R.E.P., Tagaris E., Pilinis C., Andronopoulos S., Sfetsos A., Bartzis J.G. (ORAL)

2. Physical characterization of ambient aerosol in Marseille, France and Athens, Greece. T. Petaja, M. Dal Maso, I.K. Koponen, P.P.Aalto, M. Kulmala. (ORAL)

3. Visibility degradation due to aerosol scattering in Athens, Greece” Petaja T., Haralambidis P.E., Koponen J.K., Pilinis C., Kulmala M. (POSTER)

4. Biogenic contribution to particles in ambient air. Hansen P.B., Lacour A., Lohse C., Holm H., Clasius M., Larsen B. (ORAL)

5. Modelling of secondary biogenic aerosols. T. Svendby, M. Lazaridis. (POSTER) 6. Classification of meteorological conditions and atmospheric particulate matter

concentraions in the area of Marseille, France. Mihopoulos J., Sfetsos A., Andornopoulos S., Bartzis J.G. (POSTER)

7. Particulate matter and polyaromatic compounds in air over Athens during the BOND summer campaign, June 2003. Junninen H., Forcina V., Amantini L., Astorga C., Larsen B. (ORAL)

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TARGETED SMOG CHAMBER EXPERIMENTSParticle mass yield for the β-pinene/ozone

reaction.

Larsen et. al. (2003)

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THE BOND CAMPAIGNS

• Greater Marseille Area (GMA): 1-15 July 2002

• Greater Athens Area (GAA): 9-26 July 2003

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GREATER MARSEILLE AREAEXPERIMENTAL STATIONS

640000.00 660000.00 680000.00 700000.00 720000.00 740000.00 760000.00

4760000.00

4780000.00

4800000.00

4820000.00

4840000.00

4860000.00

Air pollution stations

Meteorological stations

+BOND stations

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GREATER ATHENS AREA

EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS

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0,00

0,01 - 0,10

0,11 - 0,20

0,21 - 0,30

0,31 - 0,40

0,41 - 0,50

0,51 - 0,60

0,61 - 0,70

0,71 - 0,80

0,81 - 0,90

0,91 - 0,99

1,00

BVOC / TVOC

Marseille emission inventory

08/07/02

At 12:00 LT

Measuring Station

Marseille Cinq Avenues

Marseille Prado/ Castellane

Plan d'Aups/ Sainte Baume

Vallée de l'Huveaune

^

^

^

^

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Athens emission inventory

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Measurement campaigns

Measurements Laboratory Instrumentation

Particles3-700nm0,7-10μmPM10PM2,5PM1,0

UHEL

ODENSE

Univ. Toulouse

JRC

Aerodynamic particles sizer

CPC 3025

Filter folders & pumps

DMPS

APS

Dekati PM10

Sequantial SEQ 47/50

Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles

UHEL TDMA

14-C in particulate matter ODENSE High Volume sampler

14-C in carbonyls

(accumulation for 7 days&7nights)

JRC PUF/DNPH

Light scattering coefficients of aerosol particles

AEGEAN TSI series three wavelength integrated nephelometer

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Measurement Laboratory Instrumentation

Carbonyls JRC

ODENSE

DNPH Cadvish with O3 scrubber

Passive diffusive sampling

Carbon Univ. Toulouse Filter folders & pumps

Black Carbon Univ. Toulouse Aethalometer

Hydroperoxides Univ. Province

VOCs ODENSE

NCSRD

Integrated sampler


GC/FID & GC/MS

Gases (NH3, SO2, HNO3, O3, NO2) Univ. Toulouse

ODENSE

Pamice samplers


Meteorological & air quality data ULP AIRMARAIX network & AIRFOBEP network

(continued)

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Weather categorization

Category

Wind Speed

Wind Direction

Characterization

Category A (CAT A)

Low (2 –3 m/s)

S – SW

(afternoon hours)

Sea breeze prevailIncreased pollution

values

Category B (CAT B)

Strong (6-10 m/s)

N - NE

Strong circulation

Clean air masses over the city

Category

Wind Speed

Wind Direction

Characterization

Category A (CAT A)

Low (2 –3 m/s)

S – SW

(afternoon hours)

Sea breeze prevailIncreased pollution

values Category B (CAT B)

Low (3 – 6m/s)

NNW

Normal pollution

levels

Category C (CAT C)

Strong (6-10 m/s)

N

Strong circulation

Clean air masses over the city

Greater Athens Area

Greater Marseilles area

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AIR QUALITY IN GMA vs

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONSGMA, 8-7-2002, CAT A (sea breeze)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

time (hrs)

co

nc

(μ

g/m

^3

)

AIX-O3

AIX-PM10

MRS-O3

MRS-PM10

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METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

GMA, 12-7-2002, CAT B

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

time (hrs)

co

nc

(μ

g/m

^3

)

AIX-O3

AIX-PM10

MRS-O3

MRS-PM10

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GMA, 14-7-2002, CAT C

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

time (hrs)

co

nc

(μ

g/m

^3

)

AIX-O3

AIX-PM10

MRS-O3

MRS-PM10

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AIR QUALITY IN GAA vs


GAA, 24-6-2003, CAT A (sea breeze)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00 2:24

time (hrs)

co

nc

(μ

g/m

^3

)

AGP O3

AGP PM

THRAK O3

THRAK PM

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AIR QUALITY IN GAA vs


GAA, 12-6-2003, CAT B

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00 2:24

time (hrs)

co

nc

(μ

g/m

^3

)

AGP O3

AGP PM

THRAK O3

THRAK PM

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View of Athens during two typical meteorological conditions

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Aerosol size distribution in Marseille area on 09/07/2002

Petaja et.al. (2003)

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Predicted PM1 concentration distribution in Greater Marseille area at 15:00 LST

(08/07/02)

1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

u g / m3

0

4

8

1 2

1 6

2 0

1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

u g / m3

0

4

8

1 2

1 6

2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

10

20

30

40

50

60

ug / m3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

a. WITH ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS

b. WITH BOTH ANTHROPOGENIC AND BIOGENIC EMISSIONS

c. NET INCREASE DUE TO BIOGENIC EMISSIONS

(a)

(b)

(c)

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BOND:Main Data Bases

• Measurement campaign data(Marseilles and Athens)

• Detailed (1km x 1km) anthropogenic and biogenic inventories for the greater Marseille and Athens areas

• Data base for β-pinene with time resolved aerosol mass yields, size distribution, and product yields for complete temperature range

• Database for α-pinene with time resolved aerosol mass yields, size distribution, and product yields for selected temperatures

• Database for all terpenes on aerosol yields versus particle mass concentrations (α-pinene ,β-pinene, limonene, myrcene,sabinene, 3-carene, ocimene and terpinene) for O3, NO3 and OH reactions (referred to 310 K)

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BOND:Modeling Tools

• Gas/aerosol chemistry box model with improved the biogenic component(SARPC90/BOND)

• Improved Aerosol physical parameterization box model ( UHMA/BOND )

• Improved 3-D aerosol/photochemical/radiative model incorporating the features of the new SARPC90 and UHMA modules(UAM-AERO/BOND)

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BOND : Summarizing Results-I

Full assessment of the measurement and modeling results not completed yet !

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BOND : Summarizing Results-II

• Emission inventories for both Marseille and Athens area, show important biogenic contribution

• Significant increase of sub-micrometer particles during daytime in most days

• Synoptic situation has a strong influence on sub-micron aerosol size distribution and hygroscopic properties and the total sub-micron aerosol number concentration is two orders of magnitude higher during polluted conditions

• The biogenic fraction range of particulate matter in the Marseilles area is 38% in the city to 66% in the remote areas

• Elevated PAH concentrations in the city of Athens seem to originate from traffic and more specifically from gasoline fuelled vehicles.

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BOND : Summarizing Results-III

3-D simulations over Marseilles and Athens area have shown :– significant biogenic SOA contribution variable in

space and time– biogenic emissions affecting significantly OC and

PM concentrations as well as SO4=, NO3

- and NH4+

concentrations

EREL European Aerosol Conference, 6-10 September 2004, Budapest J. G. Bartzis,S. Andronopoulos, M....

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