5/12/2018 Summary Anatomy of Heart, Thorax, Kidney - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/summary-anatomy-of-heart-thorax-kidney 1/3

 

ORGAN/BODY

PARTS  Heart Thorax Kidney

POSITION   Obliquely in

middle

mediastinum

  2nd rib to 5th 

intercostal

space

  2/3 to left 1/3

to right

mediastinum

  Thoracic cavity

    Behind peritoneal cavity

  On posterior abd. Wall

  Either side of vert. column

RELATIVE

POSITION  On diaphragm,

btwn lungs

  Anterior to

vertebra,

posterior tosternum

 Base- upwards,backwards to

right

  Apex-

downward,

forwards, to

left

  Anterior to 12

thoracic

vertebrae.

  Posterior to

sternum, costalcartilages.

 Sternum-  Manubrium

(T3&T4)

-  Body (T5-

T8)

-  Xiphoid

process

  T12-L3 vertb.

  Left kidney related to 11th & 12th rib

  Right related to only 12th rib

PARTS Coverings  –  fibrous

(outer,dense

connective tissues)

serous pericardium

(parietal. Visceral,pericardial – deep,

thin, cavity in

btwn)

Wall  – epicardium(

visceral serous

pericardium),

myocardium (heart

muscle),

endocardium (

epithelial lining)

Chambers- right,

left atrium, right,left ventricle

Valves  –  semilunar,bicuspid

( left AV),

tricuspid (right

AV)

 Ribs

-  1-7th

true ribs

(vertebra-sternal)

-  8-10th

false ribs

(vertebra-

chondral)-  11,12th 

floating ribs

-  3rd

-9th

typical

-  1st, 2nd 10

th-

12th atypical.

  Muscles

-  EI, II,

innermost

intercostals

-  (11 pairs)

 Costal grooves

-  Intercostalsvein.artery.

nerves

 Upper pole (thick round,nearer to median)

 Lower pole

-  Ant( convex)

-  Post(flat)

-  Lat (convex)

-  Med (concave) Hilum

-  Renal vein

-  Renal art.

-  Pelvis of ureter

 Right suprarenal (pyramidal)

 Left suprarenal(cresentic, comma shaped)

5/12/2018 Summary Anatomy of Heart, Thorax, Kidney - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/summary-anatomy-of-heart-thorax-kidney 2/3

 

Heart Thorax Kidney

SPECIALFEATURES

  Valve is

attached to

papillary

muscle by

Chordae

tendineae

 Elevation in

heart chambers-

trabeculae

carneae

 Cardiac muscle-

striated, single

nucleus, cell

fixed togetherby intercalated

disc

 Fibrous

skeleton- spiral,

circularly

arranged.

 External

intercostalsmuscles

- 11 pairs

- Elevate ribs

- Synergist of 

diaphragm

- Downward,

forward

medially

- Inspiration

 Internal

intercostals-  11 pairs -  Right angle to

EI -  Deeper to EI 

-  Downwardsbackwards 

-  Depress ribs 

-  expiration 

 muscles-  pectoralis

major (beneath

it pectoralis

minor) -  pectoralis

fascia ( deep

fascia) 

-  Superficial

fascia (under

skin) – breast is

located. 

 Pelvis of ureter-  3 major calyces -  Branches into 8-18 minor calyces 

 Medulla 8-18 pale triangular pyramid 

-  Straight part of nephrone (CD & LOH) 

 Cortex dark brown 

-  Outer cortical region, inner

 juxtamedullary region 

-  Contain nephrone (convulated) 

Nephron ( functional unit of kidney) 

  Bowman’s capsule-  Vascular and urinary pole (PCT arise) 

-  Inner visceral layer(podocytes), outer

parietal layer) 

-  Filtration barrier- capillaryendothelium,basal lamina, podocytes 

 PCT 

-  Simple cuboidal with microvilli for

reabsorbtion 

 LOH 

- Simple squamos 

  DCT 

- Secretion of K+ and H+ 

- Simple cuboidal no villi 

URETER

  Pelvis of ureter (hilum to lower pole of

kidney) 

 Abd. Part (lower kidney pole to inlet ofpelvis) 

  Pelvic part (inlet of pelvis/pelvic brim to

lateral angle of bladder) (3 parts) 

  Inlet of pelvis to ischial spine 

  Ischial spine to outer bladder wall 

  Inside bladder wall 

 3 constriction1.  Renal pelvis joins abd. part of

ureter(uretero-pelvic junction) 

2.  Crosses pelvic brim to enter pelvis 

3.  Pierces bladder wall 

  Trigone of bladder-  Equilateral triangle inside bladder (no

folds) -  Apex →external urethral orifice 

-  Base →inter -ureteric ridge 

5/12/2018 Summary Anatomy of Heart, Thorax, Kidney - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/summary-anatomy-of-heart-thorax-kidney 3/3

 

BLOOD

SUPPLY

Right coronaryartery (from right

aortic sinus)

-  Right atrium

-  Right ventricle

-  Part of left

ventricle-  Posterior 1/3 of 

IV septum

-  SA/AV node

Left coronaryartery (rise from

left aortic sinuses)

-  Left atrium

-  Left ventricle-  Part of right V

-  Anterior 2/3 of 

IV septum

-  AV bundle

 9 pairs

(anterior

intercostalsartery)

-  Branch of 

internal

thoracic art.

 11 pairs

(posterior

intercostalsart.)

-  Branch of 

descending

thoracic aorta

 Renal art.

- Arises from abd. Aorta opp. to L2 at right

angle

*right art longer (aorta on left)

 Renal →5 segmental→lobar 

→interlobar→arcuate

→interlobular→afferentarteriole→Glomerulus→efferentarteriole→peritubular net (in corticalnephrone).

VENOUS/ 

LYMPHATIC

Great cardiac

Middle cardiac

Small cardiac

 Anterior

intercostalsvein drains into

internal thoracic

veins

 Posterior

intercostalsveins drains intoazygos vein

 Peritubular net(cortical

nephrone)→interlobular vein→arcuate vein

 In juxtamedullary nephrone, efferent

arteriole forms vasa recta→venulaerecta→arcuate vein→interlobar vein→lobarvein→renal vein →IVC 

Left renal vein longer (VC on right)

INNERVATION 11 pairs of 

intercostals nerves

  Anterior ramus

of thoracic

spinal nerves

(T1-T11)

  3rd -6th typical

(confined to

thoracic wall)

  Branches

-  Communicating

br of sym.trunk -  Lat. Cutaneous

br.

-  Ant. Cutaneous

br.

-  Collateral br.

-  Muscular br.

kidney

 Sympathetic control renal blood flow

 Renal plexus

-  T10-T12

-  L1 spinal nerves

Bladder

 Sympathetic- controls sphincter (inferior

hypogastric plexus) 

 Parasympathetic- control constriction of 

smooth muscle (detrusor)- initiate

micturition reflex ( pelvic splanchnic nerve

S2,S3,S4)

 I.N also

supplies parietal

pleura &

diaphragm