Anatomy Mcq Abdomen and Thorax

8/10/2019 Anatomy Mcq Abdomen and Thorax

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MCQs in

AnatomyAn aid to revision and self

assessment

ThoraxAbdomen

Pelvis and Perineum

First Edition

MCQs in


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AnatomyAn aid to revision and self assessment

Volume 2

ThoraxAbdomen

Pelvis and Perineum

First EditionProfessor Deepthi anaya!!ara

Senior Professor in AnatomyDepartment of Basic Sciences

Faculty of Dental SciencesUniversity of Peradeniya

Sri Lana

Professor Mal!anthi Chandrase!eraSenior Professor of Anatomy

Department of AnatomyFaculty of !edicine

University of PeradeniyaSri Lana

Dr Deepthi!a Chandrase!era"e#istrar in Sur#ery


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MCQs in Anatomy An aid to revision and self assessment

$olume %ThoraxAbdomenPelvis and Perineum

& Deepthi 'anayaara and !alanthi (handraseera

All ri#hts reserved)'o part of this publication may be reproduced* stored in a retrievalsystem* or transmitted* in any form or by any means* electronic*mechanical* photocopyin#* recordin#* or other+ise +ithout the priorpermission in +ritin# of the copyri#ht o+ner)

First published in %,-.

"#$ %&'(

!edical no+led#e is constantly chan#in#) The authors have*as far as it is possible* taen care to ensure that theinformation #iven in this publication is accurate and up to


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Dedicatedto

our parents and teachers


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Preface/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Students preparin# for examinations are burdened +ith

many di0culties) A si#ni1cant di0culty encountered by all

students is the non availability of practice 2uestions

especially !(3s) Students are al+ays curious to no+ as

to ho+ and from +here they are supposed to prepare for

!(3s) This inspired us to +rite a boo on !(3s +ith

explanatory ans+ers)

The !(3s contained in this text have been prepared by the

authors under careful scrutiny) Eventhou#h the commonly

used !(3 type in many parts of the +orld is the sin#le

best response type this boo contains 4true5false type

!(3s6 as they are the fre2uently used type in most

examinations in Anatomy in Sri Lana) To ful1ll the

demands of the readers explanatory ans+ers have been

#iven) These explanatory ans+ers +ill help the students to

understand the section dealt in the !(3) This text is

primarily aimed at ful1llin# the re2uirements of

medical5dental under#raduates as +ell as post#raduates) 7t

is our sincere hope* that this text +ill provide students an

opportunity to assess themselves the depth of their

no+led#e)

This boo* 4!(3s in Anatomy 8 An aid to revision and self

assessment6 has been intentionally split in several parts for

the convenience of handlin#) Di9erent parts of the series

+ill be coverin# di9erent re#ions of the body) :ithin each

part the 2uestions have been #rouped into topics)


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Even thou#h every e9ort has been taen* to ensure

accuracy and clarity* and to avoid ambi#uity in phrasin#the 2uestions* it is 2uite possible that there are errors that

have been unnoticed) The authors +ould be #rateful to the

readers for their su##estions for improvement of the text

from all an#les)

:e +ish to than !r Dhammia 7hala#edera* Department

of Basic Sciences* Faculty of Dental Sciences* University ofPeradeniya for his help in numerous +ays* !iss ;imali

Disanayae for typin# part of the text* and the students

+ho prompted us to undertae the tas of +ritin# this

boo)

Deepthi 'anayaara!alanthi (handraseeraDeepthia (handraseera


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(ontents/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Preface

Chapter " ) ThoraxQuestions

Thoracic :all and Diaphra#m

The Thoracic (avity Superior !ediastinum

Anterior !ediastinum!iddle !ediastinumPosterior !ediastinum

Lun#s and PleuraeAns*ers and Explanations

Chapter 2 ) AbdomenQuestionsAnterior Abdominal :all

$essels and 'erves of the


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Chapter + ) Pelvis and PerineumQuestions

Pelvic (avity and >oints"ectum and anal canal

Urinary bladder* urethra and ureters in the pelvis

!ale "eproductive ?r#ans

Female "eproductive ?r#ans

Pelvic vessels and nerves

Perineum

Ans*ers and Explanations

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1


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Thorax

Thora,i, -all and Diaphra.m

/0 "nter,ostal nervesA) are the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nervesB) lie deep to the internal intercostal muscles() supply the parietal pleuraD) lie above the intercostal vessels in the costal #rooveE) cross in front of the internal thoracic artery near the

sternum

20 1e.ardin. inter,ostal nerves A) The anterior primary ramus of the t+elfth thoracic

nerve is the subcostal nerve B) The @thintercostal nerve is a typical spinal nerve () They lie in the subcostal #roove D) The th intercostal nerve supplies only the

thoracic +all E) The %nd has a supply to the sin of the axilla

+0 1e.ardin. inter,ostal arteriesA) All posterior intercostal arteries arise from the

descendin# aortaB) They lie superior to the vein and nerve in the costal

#roove() All anterior intercostal arteries arise from the

internal thoracic artery

D) Posterior intercostal arteries supply the spinal cordE) The ri#ht third posterior intercostal artery #ives o9

the ri#ht bronchial artery

0 External inter,ostal mus,leA) is innervated by the posterior ramus of the thoracicspinal nerve


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B) is derived from the paraxial mesoderm() extends as far for+ards as the costochondral

>unctionD) has an attachment to the nec of the respective ribE) has 1bres directed do+n+ards and bac+ards

30 "nternal thora,i, arteryA) arises from the 1rst part of the subclavian arteryB) supplies the upper six intercostal spaces() supplies the thymusD) #ives o9 the superior epi#astric arteryE) terminates in the thintercostal space

40 1e.ardin. inter,ostal spa,esA) External intercostal muscle has 1bres directed

do+n+ards and for+ardsB) 'eurovascular bundle runs bet+een the internal and

innermost intercostal muscle layers() Each intercostal space is supplied by t+o anterior

intercostal arteriesD) Posterior intercostal arteries supplyin# the 1rst t+o

spaces arise from the descendin# aortaE) All anterior intercostal veins drain into the internalthoracic vein

&0 The 5rst ribA) 7ts head articulates +ith the body of 1rst thoracic

vertebraB) 7ts nec is related to the sympathetic trun

() The inner border #ives attachment to thesuprapleural membraneD) ;as a #roove for the subclavian vein on its inferior

surfaceE) Articulates +ith the manubriosternal an#le


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'0 $ran,hes of the internal thora,i, artery are

A. pericardiacophrenic artery

B. posterior intercostal artery

C. superior epi#astric artery

D. musculophrenic artery

E. superior intercostal artery

%0 Primary ,artila.inous 6oints areA) manubriosternal >ointB) sternoclavicular >oint() costochondral >ointD) 1rst sternocostal >ointE) costotransverse >oint

/70 1e.ardin. thora,i, vertebraeA) The 1rst thoracic vertebra has a complete facet for

the -stribB) They have thic bi1d spines() Transverse process articulates +ith the nec of the

correspondin# ribD) The articulation bet+een t+o vertebral bodies is

synovialE) An inferior costal facet is absent on TC vertebra

//0 1e.ardin. the inlet of the thoraxA) The lateral boundary is formed by the inner surface

of the 1rst rib and its costal cartila#eB) !anubrium sterni forms the anterior boundary() Posterior boundary is formed by the lo+er border of

T vertebraD) Brachiocephalic artery passes throu#h itE) $ertebral artery passes throu#h it

/20 The aorti, openin. in the diaphra.mA) lies anterior to the body of tenth thoracic vertebraB) lies bet+een the crura of the diaphra#m() transmits the sympathetic trun

D) transmits the va#us nerveE) transmits the ay#os vein


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/+0 The thora,i, sympatheti, trun!A) is present in the posterior mediastinumB) has #an#lia most of +hich lie anterior to the heads

of ribs

() passes into the abdomen behind the lateral arcuateli#ament

D) sends post#an#lionic 1bres to the cardiac plexusE) sends pre#an#lionic 1bres to the #reater splanchnic

nerve

/0 The diaphra.m is developed from theA) ventral mesentery of oesopha#usB) dorsal mesentery of oesopha#us() pleuroperitoneal membraneD) pleuropericardial membraneE) septum transversum

/30 Derivatives of the septum transversum

in,lude

A. lesser omentum

B. =up9er cells

C. li#amentum teres

D. falciform li#ament

E. central tendon of the diaphra#m

/40 The oesopha.eal openin. in the diaphra.mA) is at the tenth thoracic vertebral level

B) is surrounded by a slin# of 1bres from ri#ht crus() lies in the central tendon of the diaphra#m

D. transmits branches of the ri#ht #astric artery

E. transmits the ri#ht phrenic nerve


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/&0 1e.ardin. the diaphra.mA) The level of the diaphra#m is hi#her in the supine

position than in the standin# positionB) The ri#ht dome reaches the upper border of the th

rib() The central tendon lies at the level of the

xiphisternal >ointD) The hemiay#os vein passes throu#h the ri#ht crusE) The sympathetic trun passes behind the medial

arcuate li#ament

/'0 1e.ardin. the ar,uate li.aments of the

diaphra.mA) The medial arcuate li#ament is a thicenin# of

lumbar fasciaB) The medial arcuate li#ament has an attachment to

the body of 1rst lumbar vertebra() The lateral arcuate li#ament is the thicenin# of the

fascia of 2uadratus lumborum muscleD) The lateral arcuate li#ament extends from

transverse process of L- vertebra to the -%thribE) (rura develops from the dorsal mesentery of the

oesopha#us

The Thora,i, Cavity

#uperior Mediastinum

/%0 The superior vena ,avaA) is formed by the ri#ht anterior cardinal and ri#ht

common cardinal veinsB) is formed behind the manubrium sterni() opens into the ri#ht atrium behind the .rd costal

cartila#eD) receives the hemi ay#os veinE) lies in the superior mediastinum


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270 1e.ardin. the superior mediastinumA) 7ts anterior boundary is formed by the body of the

sternumB) The arch of the aorta lies +ithin it() The prevertebral fascial layer is present +ithin itD) 7t is separated from the inferior mediastinum by a

plane passin# throu#h the third costal cartila#eE) 7t contains the thymus

2/0 The thora,i, du,t

A) commences at t+elfth thoracic vertebral levelB) passes throu#h the aortic openin# of the diaphra#m() lies alon# the left mar#in of the oesopha#us in the

superior mediastinumD) crosses from ri#ht to left side at the fourth thoracic

vertebral levelE) drains lymph from the ri#ht upper limb

220 1e.ardin. the ar,h of the aortaA) 7t commences at the level of the sternal an#leB) 7t is developed from the third left aortic arch() Left va#us nerve lies anterior to itD) 7t forms the cervical constriction of the oesopha#usE) A cardinal si#n in the coarctation of aorta is

diminished femoral pulse

2+0 The as,endin. aortaA. is an elastic artery

B. is developed from the fourth left aortic arch

C. lies posterior to the root of the pulmonary trun

D. is covered by the 1brous pericardium at its

commencement

E. is stenosed in tetralo#y of Fallot


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20 The tra,heaA) commences at the inferior border of the cricoid

cartila#eB) contains incomplete rin#s of hyaline cartila#e

() is lined by a simple columnar epitheliumD) bifurcates at the level of sternal an#leE) lies in the posterior mediastinum

230 #tru,tures present in a ,ross se,tion of the

thorax at the upper border of the fourth thora,i,

vertebra in,lude

A. arch of aorta

B. superior vena cava

C. left atrium

D. left va#us nerve

E. ri#ht atrium

240 The tra,heaA) is about -, cm in len#th

B) lies in the midline throu#h out its course() is supplied by the inferior thyroid arteriesD) has an epithelium derived from the endoderm of the

fore#utE) is supplied by the recurrent laryn#eal nerves

2&0 The pulmonary trun!

A. lies +ithin the pericardial sac

B. divides at the fourth thoracic vertebral levelC. lies posterior to the transverse sinus

D. is stenosed in Fallot6s tetralo#y

E. is developed from the truncus arteriosus

2'0 The left prin,ipal 8main9 bron,hus


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A. is +ider than the ri#ht principal bronchus

B. is lon#er than the ri#ht principal bronchus

C. is developed from the tracheobronchial

diverticulum

D.divides into t+o lobar bronchiE. has the root of the pulmonary trun anterior to it

2%0 At the sternal an.leA) the 1rst rib articulates +ith sternumB) the aortic arch ends() the trachea bifurcatesD) the ay#os vein enters the superior vena cavaE) the inferior boundary of the superior medisatinum is

demarcated

+70 1e.ardin. the development of the venous

systemA) Ay#os vein is developed from the ri#ht

supracardinal veinB) Left brachiocephalic vein is developed from the left

supracardinal vein() The inferior vena cava has a part developed from

the ri#ht subcardinal veinD) "i#ht renal vein is developed from the subcardinal

anastomosisE) (ommon iliac vein is developed from the

sacrocardinal anastomosis

+/0 Veins drainin. into the ri.htbra,hio,ephali, vein in,ludeA) vertebralB) inferior thyroid() middle thyroidD) external >u#ularE) internal thoracic


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+20 #tru,tures found in both superior and

posterior mediastina are

A. oesopha#us

B. trachea

C.thoracic aortaD. phrenic nerves

E. va#i

Anterior mediastinum

++0 The thymus

A. lies in the anterior mediastinum

B.is developed from the .

rd

branchial pouchC. has lymphoid follicles

D. involutes after puberty

E. is supplied by the inferior thyroid artery

+0 The thymus

A. is the only structure lyin# in the anterior

mediastinum

B. has a blood supply from the internal thoracic arteryC. re#resses soon after birth

D. contains ;assall6s corpuscles

E. lies in front of the left brachiocephalic vein

Middle mediastinum

+30 "n the foetal ,ir,ulation mixin. of

oxy.enated and deoxy.enated blood o,,urs intheA) left atriumB) left ventricle() ri#ht atriumD) ri#ht ventricleE) liver


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70 The ri.ht ,oronary arteryA) arises from the anterior aortic sinusB) supplies blood to the sinuatrial node() is accompanied by the #reat cardiac vein

D) causes an infarction at the apex of the heart ifoccluded

E) #ives o9 the circumex branch

/0 The left atrium

A. forms the ma>or part of the left border of the heart

B. lies behind the ri#ht atrium

C. has the obli2ue sinus posterior to it

D. lies anterior to the oesopha#us

E. receives the four pulmonary veins

20 1e.ardin. the development of the heart

A) The secondary septum completely divides the

atrium

B) The septum spurium contributes to the formation ofthe interatrial septum

() The pulmonary arteries develop from the ri#ht horn

of sinus

venosus

D) The ri#ht valve of sinus venosus #ives rise to the

valve of the inferior vena cava

E) The smooth part of the ri#ht atrium is developedfrom the left horn of sinus venosus


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Posterior Mediastinum

+0 The des,endin. thora,i, aortaA) be#ins at the level of the lo+er border of the fourth

thoracic vertebra

B) lies in the posterior mediastinum() #ives o9 the pericardiacophrenic arteryD) passes throu#h the diaphra#m at the tenth thoracic

vertebral levelE) #ives o9 branches to supply the middle third of the

oesopha#us

0 The a;y.os veinA) is formed by the union of ri#ht subcostal and ri#ht

ascendin# lumbar veinsB) passes throu#h the oesopha#eal openin#() arches over the root of the ri#ht lun#D) receives the superior intercostal veinE) drains directly into the ri#ht atrium

30 $ran,hes arisin. from the des,endin.

thora,i, aorta are

A. third ri#ht posterior intercostal artery

B. musculophrenic artery

C. superior phrenic artery

D. superior intercostal artery

E. bronchial arteries

40 1e.ardin. the thora,i, part of theoesopha.usA) 7t lies posterior to the left bronchusB) 7t lies anterior to the thoracic duct() 7ts +all is composed of smooth muscle alon# its

entire len#thD) $enous blood from the thoracic part drains into

ay#os vein

E) The ri#ht pulmonary artery is anterior to it


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3/0 1e.ardin. the bron,hopulmonary se.mentsA) There are ei#ht bronchopulmonary se#ments in each

lun#

B) Each se#ment is pyramidal in shape +ith the baseto+ards the hilum

() Each se#ment is supplied by a lobar bronchusD) 7t is the smallest part of the lun# that could be

removed sur#icallyE) They are supplied by end arteries

320 1e.ardin. the pleuraA) The cervical pleura extends above the clavicleB) The parietal layer is separated from the thoracic +all

by the endothoracic fascia() The parietal and visceral pleurae are continuous

around the root of the lun#D) The visceral pleura extends into the depths of the

interlobar 1ssures of the lun#

E) The visceral pleura is sensitive to pain


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Thorax : Answers and Explanations

Thora,i, *all and diaphra.m

-)A) True 8 The intercostal nerves are the ventral rami of T- 8

T-- spinalnerves

B) True 7n the intercostal space the nerve lies in the

subcostal #roovebet+een the internal intercostal muscle and

innermost

intercostal muscles() True 8 The collateral branch arisin# near the an#le of

the rib suppliesthe muscles of that space) 7t also supplies the

parietal pleuraand the parietal peritoneum in the case of the

lo+er nervesD) False 8 7n the costal #roove the nerve lies belo+ the

intercostalvessels) The order from above do+n+ards is

vein* artery andnerve

E) True

%)A) TrueB) False 8 The .rdto Gthintercostal nerves supply only the

thoracic +alland are called typical nerves) The @th to --th

nerves supply theabdominal +all in addition to the intercostal

spaces() TrueD) True 8 7t is a typical intercostal nerve

E) True 8 The lateral cutaneous branch of the %ndintercostal nerve


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crosses the axilla to the medial side of the armas the

intercostobrachial nerve and supplies the sin ofthe

axilla ) 'ot infre2uently the lateral cutaneous

nerve of the .rd intercostal nerve also supplies the sinof the axilla

.)A) False 8 The .rd --tharteries arise from the descendin#

aorta) The -stand %ndarise from the superior intercostal artery

+hich is abranch of the costocervical trun

B) False 8 7n the costal #roove the artery is accompaniedby the vein andnerve) The relationship from above do+n+ards

bein# veinarterynerve

() False The upper six arise from the internal thoracicartery and the

@thto Ctharise from the musculophrenic artery

D) True 8 The dorsal branch +hich supplies the musclesand sin at thebac #ives o9 a spinal branch +hich supplies the

spinal cordand vertebrae)

E) True

)A) False 8 The intercostal muscles are innervated by the

correspondin#intercostal nerve)


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The intercostal nerves are the anterior rami of1rst --

thoracic spinal nerves) The anterior ramus ofthe t+elfth

thoracic nerve lies in the abdomen and runs

for+ard in theabdominal +all as the subcostal nerve

B) True 8 Althou#h the ribs develop from sclerotome theintercostal

muscles develop from the somatic mesodermHbody +all

musclesI() True 8 The muscle extends as far for+ards as the

costochondral>unction and continues as the anterior

intercostal membraneD) False 8 7t is attached to the tubercle of the ribE) False 8 The 1bres of the external intercostal muscle are

directeddo+n+ards and for+ards) The 1bres of the

internal

intercostal muscle are directed do+n+ards andbac+ards

)A) True 8 7t is the second branch that arises from the

inferior aspect ofthe 1rst part of the subclavian artery

B) True 7t #ives o9 t+o anterior intercostals to each ofthe upper six

intercostal spaces() True 7t supplies the thymus via mediastinal branches


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D. False 8The #roove for the subclavian vein is on itssuperior surface

anterior to the scalene tubercle) The #roovebehind the

tubercle lod#es the subclavian artery

E. False 8 7t articulates +ith the manubrium sterni) The %nd

ribarticulates at the manubriosternal an#le

J)A) True 8 Branches of the internal thoracic artery include K

t+o anterior intercostal arteries to each space*

pericardiacophrenic artery* mediastinal branches*perforatin# branches* superior epi#astric artery*musculophrenic artery

B) False 8 Posterior intercostal arteries are -- in number)-% arise from the superior intercostal artery and.-- arise from the descendin# aorta)

() TrueD) True

E) False The superior intercostal artery is a branch of thecostocervical trun +hich comes o9 from thesecond part of the subclavian artery) The 1rst andsecond posterior intercostal arteries arise from it

C)A) False 8 The manubriosternal >oint is a symphyseal >oint)

The >oint

bet+een the body of the sternum and thexiphoid processHxiphisternal >ointI is another symphysis)

B) False 8 7t is a synovial >oint() True 8 The anterior end of each rib maes a a primary

cartila#inous>oint +ith its costal cartila#e Hcostochondral >ointI

D) True 8 The 1rst costal cartila#e articulates +ith the

sternum at aprimary cartila#inous >oint) The other six costalcartila#es H%nd


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to @thI articulate +ith the sternum at synovial>oints

E) False 8 7t is a synovial >oint

-,)A) True 8 Except the 1rst* tenth* eleventh and t+elfth

vertebrae allothers have demi facets to articulate +ith the

respective ribsB) False 8 This is not a feature of thoracic vertebrae) Bi1d

spines arefound in some of the cervical vertebrae H%nd toGthI

() TrueD) False 8 The articulation bet+een t+o vertebral bodies

Htheintervertebral discI* is a symphyseal or

secondary

cartila#inousE) True 8 The tenth* eleventh and t+elfth vertebrae haveonly sin#le

facets on each side of their bodies for articulation+ith the

numerically correspondin# ribs) The tenth rib hasonly a sin#le

facet on the head for articulation +ith the body ofthe tenth

thoracic vertebra) 7t has no articulation +ith thevertebra


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above) ;ence TC vertebra has no inferior costalfacet)

--)A) True

B) TrueC. False 8 The posterior boundary is formed by the

superior surface ofthe body of the 1rst thoracic vertebra

D) True

E. False 8 The vertebral artery Hri#ht and leftI arise fromthe 1rst part of the subclavian artery) The vertebral

artery enters the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervicalvertebra) 7t does not pass throu#h the inlet of the thorax

-%)A) False 8 The aortic openin# lies anterior to the body of

the t+elfth

thoracic vertebraB. True 7t lies bet+een the left and ri#ht crura +hich

form themedian arcuate li#amnet

() True 8 The sympathetic trun passes behind the medial

arcuateli#ament

D. False 7t transmits the aorta +ith ay#os vein to the

ri#ht and thethoracic duct bet+een them

E) True-.)A) False 8 The thoracic sympathetic trun lies posterior to

thecostovertebral pleura) ;ence it is not a content

of theposterior mediastinum


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B) True 8 7t has about -% #an#lia* most of +hich lie

anterior to theheads of ribs) The stellate #an#lion Hthe fused

1rst thoracic#an#lion and the inferior cervical #an#lionI lies

anterior to thenec of the 1rst rib +hile the lo+est three

#an#lia lie lateralto the correspondin# vertebral bodies

() False 8 7t passes into the abdomen behind the medial

arcuateli#ament +hich is the thicenin# of the psoas

fascia) Thesubcostal nerve and vessels pass behind the

lateral arcuateli#ament +hich is the thicenin# of the

2uadratus lumborumfascia

D) True 8 Post#an#lionic sympathetic 1bres pass to the

cardiac and

pulmonary plexuses* trachea* oesopha#us*thoracic aorta and

its branches* and to each thoracic spinal nervesE) True 8 Pre#an#lionic sympathetic 1bres are present in

the #reaterspanchnic nerve +hich receives branches from

the 1fth toninth thoracic sympathetic #an#lia

-)A) False 8 The diaphra#m is developed from four

embryonic structuresnamely* the septum transversum* left and ri#htpleuroperitoneal membranes* dorsal mesentery

of theoesopha#us and left and ri#ht lateral body +all

musclesori#inatin# from the lo+er six intercostal re#ion


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#uperior Mediastinum

-C)A) True

B. False 8 7t is formed behind the ri#ht 1rst costal cartila#eby the union

of ri#ht and left brachiocephalic veins() TrueD) False 7ts tributaries are ay#os vein* mediastinal and

pericardialveins

E) True 8 7ts upper part lies in the superior mediastinum)

The lo+er partlies in the anterior mediastinum

%,)A) False 8 The anterior boundary is formed by the

manubrium as thelo+er boundary of the superior mediastinum is

at T levelHmanubriosternal >ointI

B) True 8 The commencement and the termination of the

arch of theaorta is at the T level Hmanubriosternal

>unctionI) Thereforethe arch of the aorta is above this level lyin# in

the superior

mediastinum


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() True The prevertebral fascial layer passes in front of

the vertebralbodies into the superior mediastinum and is

attached to thebody of the fourth thoracic vertebra

D) False 8 7t is separated from the inferior mediastinum by

an ima#inaryplane passin# throu#h the sternal an#le

anteriorly and thelo+er border of the body of the fourth thoracic

vertebraposteriorly

E) True 8 (ontents of the superior mediastinum include thethymus*

lar#e veins* lar#e arteries* trachea* oesopha#us*

thoracic ductand sympathetic truns

%-)A) True 8 The thoracic duct commences as a continuation

of cisternachili at the lo+er border of the t+elfth thoracicvertebra

B) True 8 7t passes throu#h the aortic openin# of thediaphra#m

bet+een the ri#ht crus of diaphra#m andabdominal aorta

() True 8 7n the posterior mediastinum the thoracic duct

passesup+ards in front of T-% to T vertebrae and liesbet+een the

ay#os vein and descendin# aorta) 7t crossesfrom ri#ht to left

side behind the oesopha#us at T vertebral level)'ext it

passes in the superior mediastinum alon# the leftmar#in of

the oesopha#us to the nec


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H%%) cmI from the incisor teethI) The third is at

+here it iscrossed by the left bronchus Hie) -- inches H%@)

cmI from theincisor teethI) The fourth is at +here is passes

throu#hthe diaphra#m H -G inches H, cmI from the

incisor teethIE) True 8 The pulsation in the femoral arteries of both

lo+er limbs canbe absent or diminished in coarctation of aorta) A

collateral

circulation helps to compensate the diminishedblood o+

%.)A) True 8 Arteries close to the heart are elastic arteriesB) False 8 The ascendin# aorta is developed from the

truncus arteriosus)A spiral septum forms +ithin the truncus

arteriosus +hichseparates the truncus into the pulmonary trun

andascendin# aorta)The fourth left aortic arch #ives rise to the arch

of the aorta

() TrueD) True 8 The 1brous pericardium invests the

commencement of #reat


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vesselsE) False 8 The abnormalities present in tetralo#y of Fallot

are * hi#hventricular septal defect* an overridin# aorta*

pulmonarystenosis and ri#ht ventricular hypertrophy

%)A) True 8 The trachea is the continuation of the larynx and

itcommences in the nec belo+ the cricoid

cartila#e at the level

of the sixth cervical vertebraB) True 8 7ts +all contains -G%, incomplete rin#s of

hyaline cartila#e() False 8 7t is lined by a pseudostrati1ed columnar ciliated

epithelium+ith #oblet cells +hich is the respiratory

epitheliumD) True 8 7t bifurcates into the t+o main bronchi at the

level of thesternal an#le HTT vertebral levelI

E) False 8 7t lies in the superior mediastinum and

bifurcates at the level of the lo+er border of the fourth thoracic

vertebra +hich isthe lo+er boundary of the superior mediastinum

%)

A. True 8 Structures present in a cross section of thethorax at the upper


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border of T vertebral level include the arch of

the aorta* leftand ri#ht lun#s and pleura* superior vena cava*

trachea*oesopha#us* ay#os vein* left superior intercostal

vein* va#iand ri#ht and left phrenic nerves

B) True() FalseD) TrueE) False

%G)A) TrueB) False 8 7t lies in the midline over most of its len#th but

near the lo+erend it deviates sli#htly to the ri#ht

() True 8 Branches from the inferior thyroid and bronchial

arteries forman anastomotic net+or in the tracheal +all

D.True 8 Apart from the epithelium* the other structuresHcartila#e*

muscle etcI are derived from the splanchnic

mesodermE) True 8 7t receives a parasympathetic supply throu#h

va#i andrecurrent laryn#eal nerves* and sympathetic

1bres from the

upper #an#lia of the sympathetic trun to smoothmuscles and

blood vessels


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%@)A) True 8 The 1brous pericardium blends +ith the +all of

the pulmonarytrun up to its division and thus it lies in the

pericardial sacB) False 8 The pulmonary trun divides at the 1fth thoracic

vertebrallevel

() False 8 The pulmonary trun lies anterior to the

transverse sinusD) True 8 The abnormalities present in the tetralo#y of

Fallot are hi#hventricular septal defect* an overridin# aorta*

pulmonarystenosis and ri#ht ventricular hypertrophy

E) True 8 The truncus arteriosus is divided into the

pulmonary artery

and ascendin# aorta by the formation of a spiralseptum

+ithin it)

%J)A) False 8 The left principal bronchus is narro+er* lon#er

and morehoriontal than the ri#ht principal bronchus

B) True() True 8 The lun# develops as an out#ro+th

HdiverticulumI from theventral aspect of the fore#ut +hich #ives rise to

all parts ofthe bronchial tree ie) the trachea* principal

bronchi* tertiarybronchi* bronchioles and alveoli) This

diverticulum is calledthe tracheobronchial diverticulum


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D. True 8 The left principal bronchus divides into t+o lobar

bronchiand the ri#ht principal bronchus into three

lobar bronchiE) True 8 The immediate relation of the left principal

bronchus is thepulmonary trun) The arch of the aorta lies

superior to theleft principal bronchus)

%C)A) False 8 The sternal an#le is the >unction of the

manubrium and thebody of the sternum) 7t is located at the level

+here thesecond costal cartila#e articulates +ith the

sternum) At thislevel lies the bifurcation of the trachea* ori#in

andtermination of the aortic arch and the openin# of

the ay#osvein into the superior vena cava) 7t mars the

end of the archof the aorta and the be#innin# of the

descendin# aorta) 7tdemarcates the inferior boundary of the superior

mediastinumB) True() TrueD) True

E) True

.,)


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A. True The ay#os system of veins develop from the left

and ri#htsupra cardinal veins and supra cardinal

anastomosis) Leftsupra cardinal vein and supra cardinal

anastomosis #ive riseto the hemiay#os vein and the ri#ht

supracardinal vein #ivesrise to the ay#os vein

B) False 8 The left brachiocephalic vein develops from the

left anteriorcardinal vein and anterior cardinal anastomosis

C. True 8 The inferior vana cava develops from severalembryonic

veins) From above do+n+ards it develops from

the ri#htvitelline vein Hlater becomes the ri#ht

hapatocardiac channelI*ri#ht subcardinal vein* ri#ht sacrocardinal vein

and

sacrocardinal anastomosisD) False 8 The ri#ht renal vein has no embryonic vein of

ori#in) Thesubcardinal anastomosis #ives rise to the left

renal vein)E) True

.-)

A. True 8 Both ri#ht and left brachiocephalic veins receive

vertebral*inferior thyroid and internal thoracic veins

Htributariescorrespondin# to the branches of the 1rst part of

the subclavian arteryI) 7n addition the left

brachiocephalic vein


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receives the superior intercostal veinB) True() False 8 The middle thyroid vein drains into the internal

>u#ular veinD) False 8 The external >u#ular vein drains into the

subclavian veinE) True

.%)A) True 8 The superior mediastinum contains the thymic

remnants*internal thoracic arteries and veins*

brachiocephalic veins*upper half of the superior vena cava* the aortic

arch* thebraciocephalic artery* left common carotid

artery* subclavianarteries* the left superior intercostal vein* the

va#us* cardiac*phrenic* and left recurrent laryn#eal nerves* the

trachea*oesopha#us* the super1cial part of the cardiac

plexus andthoracic duct)

The posterior mediastinum contains the

oesopha#us* thoracicaorta* ay#os* hemiay#os and accessory

ay#os veins* the

va#us and splanchnic nerves* thoracic ductand the posterior

mediastinal lymph nodes) ;ence the structures

contained inboth mediastina are the oesopha#us* va#i and

thoracic ductB) False 8 The trachea ends and bifurcates into left and

ri#ht bronchi atthe sternal an#le 8 the lo+er limit of the

superior


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mediastinum() False 8 The thoracic aorta +hich is the continuation of

the arch of theaorta be#ins at the level of the sternal an#le

and is located inthe posterior mediastinum

D) False 8 The phrenic nerves pass throu#h the superior

mediastinumand the middle mediastinum only

E) TrueAnterior mediastinum

..)A) True 8 The thymus lies in both the superior and anterior

mediastina)B) True 8 7t develops from the ventral +in# of the third

branchial pouch() False 8 The thymus consists of lymphoid cells arran#ed

in lobes andlobules

D) True8 7t is lar#e and active durin# infancy and childhoodand remainsactive up to puberty after +hich it involutes

E) True 8 The inferior thyroid artery and branches of the

internalthoracic artery supply the thymus

.)

A. False 8 The anterior mediastinum contains the thymusHor its

remnantsI* a fe+ lymph nodes and branches of

the internalthoracic vessels

B. True The inferior thyroid artery and branches of the

internalthoracic artery supply the thymus

C. False 8 7t is lar#est in the early part of life up toadolescence*


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althou#h its activity continues into old a#e

D. True 8 Some of the epithelial cells become thymic

H;assall6sIcorpuscles and the others form an epithelial

net+orE) False 8 The thymus lies in front of the upper

pericardium and #reatvessels

Middle mediastinum

.)

A) True 8 !ixin# of oxy#enated blood from the inferiorvena cava via

the foramen ovale and deoxy#enated blood from

thepulmonary veins occur in the left atrium

B) False 8 Left ventricle receives oxy#enated blood from

the left atrium

and no deoxy#enated blood enters into it() True 8 !ixin# of oxy#enated blood from the inferior

vena cava anddeoxy#enated blood from the superior vena cava

occurs inthe ri#ht atrium

D) False The ri#ht ventricle receives deoxy#enated blood

from the

superior vena cava Hvia the ri#ht atriumI and nooxy#enated

blood enters into it


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E) True 8 ?xy#enated blood enterin# the liver via the left

umbilical veinHfrom the placentaI mixes +ith the deoxy#enated

blood fromthe portal vein

.G)A) True 8 The interatrial septum is developed from the

septum primum*septum secundum* septum spurium and the left

valve of sinusvenosus) The ri#ht valve of sinus venosus #ives

rise to thecrista terminalis and valves of the coronary sinus

and inferiorvena cava

B) True() TrueD) TrueE) False

.@)

A. False 8 The median umbilical li#ament is the urachus Ha

derivative ofdistal uro#enital sinusI +hich is not a foetal

vesselB) True 8 The li#amentum teres is the obliterated left

umbilical vein+hich carries oxy#enated blood from the

placenta to thefoetus durin# foetal life

() True 8 The li#amentum venosum is the obliteratedductus venosus


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+hich shunts oxy#enated blood from the left

umbilical vein tothe ri#ht hepatocardiac channel +hich +ill be the

post hepaticpart of the inferior vena cava

D) True 8 The left and ri#ht umbilical arteries +hich carry

deoxy#enatedblood from the foetus to the placenta form the

medialumbilical li#aments Hdistal partI and the superior

vescicalarteries Hproximal partI

E) False 8 The #astrosplenic li#ament is a derivative of thedorsal

mesentery of the stomach and hence is not a

foetal vessel

.J)

A) True The ri#ht border of the heart is formed by the

ri#ht atrium* the


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left border by the left atrium and left ventricle)

The lo+erborder or base is formed by the left and ri#ht

ventricles) Theupper border is related to the ascendin# aorta*

pulmonarytrun and superior vena cava

B) True The ri#ht atrium has a smooth part and a rou#h

partseparated by the crista) The smooth part is

derivedfrom theabsorbed ri#ht horn of the sinus venosus and

sinus venosus)The rou#h part is the ri#ht side of the primitive

commonatrium from the ri#ht horn of the sinus venosus

() True 8 Both the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes

are located inthe +all of the ri#ht atrium

D) False 8 The crista terminalis is developed from the

upper part of theri#ht valve of sinus venosus and separates the

smooth androu#h parts of the ri#ht atrium

E) True 8 The ri#ht atrium receives the superior vena

cava* inferior venacava and the coronary sinus

.C)

A) True8 7t represents the distal portion of the of the left

sixth aorticarch and connects the left pulmonary artery to

the aortic archcloser to the commencement of the descendin#

aorta

B) True 8 7t is functionally closed shortly after birthho+ever* its


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structural closure taes place after several

months() False 8 7t connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic

archD) True 8 At birth* +ith the pulmonary circulation* the

release ofBradyinin leads to the contraction of ductus

arteriosus) 7t#radually becomes a li#ament

E) True8 7t shunts blood from the pulmonary trun to the

aortic archbefore birth* by passin# the pulmonary

circulation

,)

A) True 8 Arisin# from the anterior aortic sinus on the ri#ht

side of the

pulmonary trun the artery passes bet+een theri#ht auricle

and the pulmonary trun and descends in the

anterioratrioventricular #roove

B) True 8 The artery to the SA node supplies the SA node

and ri#ht andleft atrioventricular bundles

() False 8 7t accompanies the small cardiac vein in theanterior

interventricular #roove and accompanies the

coronary sinusin the ri#ht posterior coronary sulcus)The #reat cardiac vein passes in the anterior

interventricular#roove alon# +ith the anterior interventricular

artery* abranch of the left coronary artery


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D) False 8 The apex of the heart receives blood from the

anteriorinterventricular branch of the left coronary

artery and not bya branch of the ri#ht coronary artery

E) False 8 The branches arisin# from the ri#ht coronary

artery are conusartery* SA nodal artery* mar#inal artery* A$

nodal artery andposterior interventricular branch)

The circumex artery is a branch of the left

coronary artery

-)

A) False 8 The left border of the heart is formed mostly

H5thsI by the

left ventricle* +ith the auricle of the left atriumformin# the

uppermost part H-5thI)B) True The left atrium forms the posterior surface HbaseI

of the heart and lies behind the ri#ht atrium() True 8 The obli2ue sinus lies posterior to the left atrium

and the

transverse sinus lies anterior to the left atriumD) True 8 7ts posterior relations are the oesopha#us and

descendin#


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of the aorta) The arch ends at the fourth thoracic

vertebrallevel and the descendin# aorta be#ins at this

levelB) True() False 8The pericardiacophrenic artery arises from the

internalthoracic artery

D) False 8 7t passes throu#h the diaphra#m at T-%

vertebral levelE) True 8 The upper part of the oesopha#us Hthe cervical

partI is

supplied by branches of the inferior thyroidarteries) The

middle part Hthe thoracic partI is supplied by

oesopha#ealbranches of the descendin# thoracic aorta and

bronchialarteries) The lo+er part is supplied by the

oesopha#eal

branches of the left #astric artery

)A) TrueB) False 8 7t enters the thorax by passin# throu#h the

aortic openin# ofthe diaphra#m

C.True 7t ascends upto the ththoracic vertebral level

and archesfor+ards over the root of the ri#ht lun# and ends

by openin#into the superior vena cava

D.True 8 7ts tributaries are superior intercostal veinformed by %nd* .rd*

thposterior intercostal veins* th--thposteriorintercostal

veins* hemiay#os and accessory hemiay#os*oesopha#eal*


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ri#ht pulmonary artery and the pericardium

+hich separatesit from the left atrium

B.True 8 The thoracic part of the oesopha#us lies anterior

to the bodiesof the thoracic vertebrae* thoracic duct* ay#os

vein* ri#htposterior intercostal arteries and at the lo+er

end thedescendin# thoracic aorta

() False 8 The muscularis externa of the oesopha#us in the

upper third

is composed of seletal muscle the middle thirdis composed

of both seletal and smooth muscle and the

lo+er third iscomposed of smooth muscle

D.True 8 The veins from the upper third drain into the

inferior thyroidveins* from the middle third into the ay#os

veins and fromthe lo+er third into the left #astric vein* a

tributary of theportal vein

E.True 8 Must belo+ the bifurcation of the trachea in the

posteriormediastinum the oesopha#us is crossed

anteriorly by the leftmain bronchus and the ri#ht pulmonary artery@)A) TrueB) False 8 The oesopha#us has three anatomic

constrictions) The 1rst ispharyn#ooesopha#eal >unction* the second is

+here aortic

arch and left bronchus cross its anterior surface*and third


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:un.s and Pleurae

C)A) True 8 The ri#ht lun# has three lobes) The inferior lobe

is belo+ andbehind the obli2ue 1ssure) The part of ri#ht lun#

in front andabove the obli2ue 1ssure is subdivided in to the

superior lobeand middle lobe by the horiontal 1ssure) The

left lun# hast+o lobes* superior and inferior* sparated by the

obli2ue1ssure

B) False 8 The ri#ht lun# has 1ve structure in the hilum*

namely the t+opulmonary veins* one pulmonary artery* upper

lobarbronchus and ri#ht principal bronchus) The left

has fourstructures in the hilum* namely the t+o

pulmonary veins* onepulmonary artery and the left principal bronchus

() True 8 7t has three* t+o and 1ve bronchopulmonary

se#ements inthe upper* middle and lo+er lobes respectively

D) False 8 The arch of the aorta is related to the

mediastinal surface ofthe left lun#) The ay#os vein is related to the

mediastinalsurface of the ri#ht lun#

E) False 8 7t is supplied by a sin#le bronchial artery


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,)A) True 8 The parietal pleura is attached to the inferior

surface of thesuprapeural membrane and extends up to the

nec of the 1rstrib

B) True

() False 8 The parietal pleura is developed from thesomatic mesoderm

and the visceral pleura from the visceral

HsplanchnicImesoderm

D. True 8 From the mediastinal layer of the parietal a cu9

of membranesurrounds the hilum of the lun# Hthe root of lun#I

+hich formsthe pulmonary li#ament inferiorly and continues

+ith thevisceral pleura)

E. True 8 The parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the

thoracic +allHrib ca#e* vertebrae and diaphra#mI) The recess

formed by theparietal pleura inferiorly bet+een the ribs and

the diaphra#m


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is the costo diaphra#matic recess)

-)A) False 8 There are ten bronchpulmonary se#ments in

each lun# and

each of the ten bronchopulmonary se#mentshave ten

se#mental bronchiB) False 8 Each bronchopulmonary se#ment is pyramidal in

shape +iththe base to+ards the lun# surface and apex

to+ards the

hilum() False 8 Each se#ment is supplied by a se#mental

brochuus) Lobarbronchi supply the lobes of the lun# Ht+o lobar

bronchi in theleft lun# and three lobar bronchi in the ri#ht

lun#I

D. True 8 7t is the smallest part of the lun# that could be

sur#icallyremoved +ith minimal bleedin# and dama#e

E. True 8 This is important because if this artery #ets

bloced that part+ill become an infarct

%)A) True 8 The cervical pleura extends up into the nec

above the clavicleup to the level of the nec of the 1rst rib* linin#

theundersurface of suprapleural membrane) 7t

reaches a level - -) inches H%) 8 cmI above the medial third of

the clavicle


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B) True 8 The parietal layer of pleura lines the thoracic

+all) Looseareolar tissue separates it from the endothoracic

fascia +hichis an extrapleural sheet of fascia that lines the

thoracic +all() True 8 The t+o layers are continuous +ith one another

by means ofa cu9 of pleura that surrounds the structures

enterin# andleavin# the lun# at the hilum of each lun#) This

pleura extends

for a distance belo+ the hilum fromin# a doublelayered fold

called the pulmonary li#amentD) TrueE) False 8 7t is sensitive to stretch* but is insensitive to

commonsensations such as pain and touch) The parietal

pleura is

sensitive to pain* temperature and pressure


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A) commences at the super1cial in#uinal rin#B) has an anterior +all formed by the external obli2ue

aponeurosis assisted laterally by the internal

obli2ue muscle() has the oor formed by the in#uinal li#amentD) has the posterior +all reinforced in its medial third

by the con>oint tendonE) transmits the round li#ament in the female

3&0 The super5,ial in.uinal rin.A) is oval shapedB) is a defect in the super1cial fascia() lies immediately above and lateral to the pubic

tubercleD) has crura #ivin# attachment to external spermatic

fasciaE) transmits the ilioin#uinal nerve

3'0 1e.ardin. the in.uinal ,analA) 7t lies above the lateral part of the in#uinal li#amentB) 7ts deep rin# lies half an inch above the mid in#uinal

point() The lacunar li#ament forms the oor mediallyD) 7t transmits the #enitofemoral nerveE) 7ts roof is formed by the 1bres of internal obli2ue

and transversus abdominis muscles

3%0 The in.uinal ,anal

A) is -) cm lon#B) has the ilioin#uinal nerve enterin# throu#h the deep

rin#() has part of its oor formed by the lacunar li#amentD) has fascia transversalis alon# the +hole len#th of

the posterior +allE) has the inferior epi#astric artery medial to its deep

rin#


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470 The re,tus abdominis mus,leA) arises from the pubic symphysis and pubic crestB) inserts on to the Cthrib() is enclosed in the aponeurosis of the internal obli2ue

muscle bet+een the umbilicus and costal mar#in

D) has a tendinous intersection at the level of theumbilicus

E) is supplied by the iliohypo#astric nerve

4/0 The external oblioint tendonE) has its lo+er border formin# the roof of the in#uinal

canal

420 1e.ardin. the re,tus sheathA) The anterior layer above the level of the costal

mar#in is formed by the external obli2ue

aponeurosisB) The posterior layer above the level of the costal

mar#in formed by the internal obli2ue aponeurosis() The subcostal nerve supplies itD) The anterior layer above the pubic symphysis is

formed by the fusion of aponeuroses of external and

internal obli2ue and transversus abdominis musclesE) The posterior layer above the pubic symphysis is

formed by the aponeurosis of the transversus

abdominis muscle

4+0 The anterior abdominal *all is supplied by

theA) ei#hth posterior intercostal artery

B) superior epi#astric artery() inferior epi#astric artery


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D) lies anterior to the left renal veinE) supplies the caecum

4%0 $ran,hes arisin. from the superior

mesenteri, artery in,lude

A) ileocolicB) left colic() ri#ht #astricD) #astroduodenalE) inferior pancreaticoduodenal

&70 The inferior mesenteri, arteryA) arises at the L. vertebral level

B) crosses the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the leftcommon iliac artery

() supplies the descendin# colonD) descends into the pelvis as the superior rectal arteryE) #ives o9 the ri#ht colic artery

&/0 The portal vein

A. is formed behind the nec of the pancreas

B. lies in front of the inferior vena cavaC. receives ri#ht and left #astric veins

D. ascends in the #reater omentum

E. lies anterior to the bile duct

&20 Porto(systemi, anastomoses o,,ur at theA) upper end of oesopha#usB) area around the umbilicus() anal canalD) hilum of the spleenE) transverse colon

&+0 The spleni, veinA) lies belo+ the splenic artery


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B) is derived from the left umbilical vein() ends behind the nec of the pancreasD) receives short #astric veinsE) receives the ri#ht #astric vein

&0 1e.ardin. the blood supply of the .utA) Left #astric artery supplies the lesser curvature of

the stomachB) Short #astric arteries supply the pyloric re#ion of the

stomach() "i#ht colic artery supplies the ascendin# colonD) "i#ht #astric artery supplies the 1rst part of the

duodenumE) Left colic artery supplies the proximal -5. of the

transverse colon

&30 Derivatives of the vitelline veins in,lude

A. portal vein

B. inferior mesenteric vein

C. splenic vein

D.superior mesenteric vein

E. inferior vena cava

&40 1e.ardin. the ,oelia, plexusA) 7t lies around the ori#in of the coeliac trunB) The #reater splanchnic nerve carries post#an#lionic

sympathetic 1bres to the plexus() Both va#i contribute 1bres to the plexusD) The coeliac plexus contributes 1bres to the renal

plexus

E) The adrenal medulla receives pre#an#lionicsympathetic 1bres from the splanchnic nerves via

the plexus


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&&0 1e.ardin. vertebral levelsA) (oeliac trun arises at the tenth thoracic vertebral

levelB) Superior mesenteric artery arises at the t+elfth

thoracic vertebral level() 7nferior mesenteric artery arises at the third lumbar

vertebral levelD) The abdominal aorta divides into ri#ht and left

common iliac arteries at the fourth lumbar vertebral

levelE) The common iliac artery divides at the level of the

second sacral vertebral level

Abdominal ,avity and the peritoneum

&'0 -hi,h of the follo*in. is>are

retroperitonealA) UreterB) ;ead of the pancreas

() Ascendin# colonD) AppendixE) Spleen

&%0 Derivatives of the dorsal mesentery 8dorsalmeso.astrium9 in,ludeA) lienorenal li#amentB) spleen() falciform li#amentD) lesser omentumE) #reater omentum

'70 1e.ardin. the epiploi, foramenA) 7ts lo+er boundary is the second part of the

duodenum


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B) 7ts upper boundary is the caudate process of the

liver() 7ts posterior boundary is the superior mesenteric

veinD) 7ts anterior boundary is the free mar#in of the lesser

omentumE) The ri#ht subhepatic space communicates +ith the

lesser sac via the epiploic foramen

'/0 The lesser omentum

A. extends bet+een the stomach and the liver

B. is attached to the #reater curvature of the stomach

C. extends into the 1ssure for the li#amentum teresD. forms the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramenE) is developed from the ventral mesentery

'20 1e.ardin. the si.moid meso,olonA) 7t has t+o limbs diver#in# from each other at the

common iliac bifurcationB) 7ts lateral limb passes for+ards alon# the pelvic brim

() 7ts medial limb reaches the midline in front of the1rst sacral vertebra

D) 7t is derived from the dorsal mesenteryE) 7t is formed by the parietal layer of the peritoneum

'+0 -hi,h of the follo*in. li.aments ori.inatefrom foetal vesselsA) Li#amentum teresB)


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A) The stomach rotates in an anticloc+ise directionB) The duodenum rotates C,N cloc+ise() !id #ut loop rotates C,N anticloc+ise at G th +ee

intra uterine lifeD) !id #ut rotation is complete at -,th +ee intra

uterine lifeE) Physiolo#ical umbilical herniation occurs after

completion of mid #ut rotation

'30 -hi,h of the follo*in. ,ells is>are

mesodermalA) =up9er cells

B) APUD cells() Paneth cellsD) cells of the ona #lomerulosaE) hepatocytes

'40 Abnormalities asso,iated *ith a malrotation

of the .ut in,ludeA) biliary atresiaB) ;irschprun#s disease() annular pancreasD) imperforate anusE) vitelline 1stula

=astrointestinal Tra,t

'&0 The .reater ,urvature of the stoma,h is

supplied by theA) left #astric arteryB) ri#ht #astric artery() short #astric arteriesD) left #astroepiploic arteryE) ri#ht #astroepiploic artery

''0 1e.ardin. the stoma,hA) 7t receives all its arterial supply from the coeliac

trun


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B) 7t is completely invested by the peritoneum() The lymph is drained to the celiac lymph nodesD) 7t is lined by the strati1ed s2uamous non

eratiniin# epitheliumE) The lesser sac lies posterior to the stomach

'%0 #tru,tures formin. the stoma,h bedin,ludeA) Left idneyB) Splenic artery() Body of the pancreasD) Superior mesenteric arteryE) Lesser sac

%70 First part of the duodenumA. lies on the transpyloric plane

B. is supplied by the celiac trun

C. is anterior to the bile duct

D. is posterior to the #astroduodenal artery

E. is developed from the mid#ut

%/0 The 6e6unum di?ers from the ileum in

havin.A) a thicer +allB) lon#er vasa recta() Peyer6s patchesD) more arterial arcades

E) broader +indo+s

%20 The ,ae,umA) is completely covered by the peritoneumB) lies over the iliacus and psoas muscles() has taeniae coliD) is supplied by the inferior mesenteric arteryE) has the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thi#h

anterior to it

%+0 The se,ond part of the duodenum


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A) is covered in front +ith the peritoneumB) runs in front of the hilum of the ri#ht idney() is supplied by superior pancreaticoduodenal arteryD) is developed entirely from the fore#utE) has the bile duct openin# in to its anterior +all

%0 Me,!el@s diverti,ulumA) is found % feet distal to the ileocaecal >unctionB) arises from the mesenteric surface of the ileum() is a persistent remnant of the vitellointestinal ductD) contains renal and suprarenal tissueE) occurs in about %,O of the population

%30 Posterior relations of the /st

part of theduodenum in,ludeA) bile ductB) #all bladder() #astroduodenal arteryD) portal veinE) nec of the pancreas

%40 The as,endin. ,olon

A) is retroperitonealB) is a derivative of the hind#ut() extends up+ards to the splenic exureD) lies on the iliac fasciaE) is related to the anterior surface of the ri#ht idney

%&0 1e.ardin. the appendixA) 7t is a derivative of the mid#ut

B) The position of its base is constant in relation to thecaecum

() 7t has its o+n mesenteryD) 7t is supplied by the inferior mesenteric arteryE) 7t has taenia coli

%'0 1e.ardin. the appendixA) 7t develops at the th+ee 7UL

B) 7t is lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium() 7t is supplied by an end artery


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D) 7ts surface pro>ection is the tip of the ri#ht Cthcostal

cartila#eE) 7ts commonest position is retrocaecal

:iver and $iliary #ystem Pan,reas and #pleen

%%0 The ,audate lobe of the liverA) lies bet+een the 1ssure for the li#amentum teres

and #all bladderB) is connected to the ri#ht lobe by the caudate

process() forms the upper boundary of the foramen of

:inslo+D) belon#s to the left and ri#ht morpholo#ical lobes of

the liverE) is enclosed by the peritoneum

/770 1e.ardin. the bile du,t

A) 7t is formed by the union of left and ri#ht hepaticductsB) 7ts linin# is endodermal in ori#in() 7ts upper third lies in the free ed#e of the lesser

omentumD) 7t passes bet+een the second part of the duodenum

and headof pancreas

E) 7t lies behind the ri#ht renal vein

/7/0 The pan,reasA) has its nec in front of the commencement of the

portal veinB) has its tail related to the hilum of the idney() consists of cells derived from neuroectodermD) is retroperitoneal

E) has its tail lyin# +ithin the #astrosplenic li#ament


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/720 Br.ans related to the vis,eral surfa,e of

the spleen in,ludeA) Left idneyB) left colic exure() Stomach

D) Tail of the pancreasE)


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Posterior Abdominal -all

/740 The abdominal aortaA) passes throu#h the diaphra#m tenth thoracic

vertebral levelB) terminates at the 1fth lumbar vertebral level() #ives o9 branches supplyin# the #ut from its

anterior aspectD) has a lon#er course than the inferior vena cava in

the abdomenE) is accompanied by thoracic duct at the aortic

openin#

/7&0 Paired bran,hes of the abdominal aorta

in,lude

A. #onadal arteries

B. hepatic arteries

C.subcostal arteries

D. lumbar ateries

E. inferior phrenic arteries

/7'0 The inferior vena ,avaA) is formed at the fourth lumbar vertebral levelB) #rooves the bare area of the liver() passes throu#h the tendinous part of the diaphra#m

D) receives the ri#ht suprarenal veinE) has its post hepatic part derived from the left

vitelline vein

/7%0 1e.ardin. the inferior vena ,avaA) 7t passes throu#h the diaphra#m at the tenth

thoracic vertebral levelB) 7t has a valve at its termination

() 7ts post hepatic part is derived from the ri#htsupracardinal vein

D) 7t receives the hepatic vein


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E) Both #onadal veins drain into it

//70 Tributaries of the inferior vena ,ava in,ludeA) left fourth lumbar veinB) left #onadal vein

() ri#ht renal veinD) left suprarenal veinE) ri#ht inferior phrenic vein

///0 The ri.ht renal arteryA) arises from the aorta at the second lumbar

vertebral levelB) lies anterior to the ri#ht crus of the diaphra#m

() passes anterior to the inferior vena cavaD) supplies the ureterE) #ives o9 the ri#ht #onadal artery

//20 The left renal vein

A. lies posterior to the left renal artery

B. is lon#er than the ri#ht renal vein() is developed from the subcardinal anastomosis

D. enters the inferior vena cava at second lumbar

vertebral level

E. receives the left #onadal vein

//+0 1e.ardin. the lumbar plexusA) 7t lies +ithin the psoas ma>or muscleB) 7t is formed by the dorsal rami of upper four lumbar

nerves() 7t has branches supplyin# the sinD) The femoral nerve emer#es from the medial border

of the psoas muscle

E) 7t #ives o9 the pudendal nerve


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//0 The .enitofemoral nerveA) descends on the 2uadratus lumborum muscleB) is a branch of the femoral nerve() has its #enital branch passin# thou#h the in#uinal

canal

D) supplies the cremaster muscleE) has motor and sensory components

//30 The ilioin.uinal nerveA) contains 1bres arisin# from 1rst and second lumbar

se#mentsB) emer#es from the lateral border of the psoas

muscle() lies +ithin the in#uinal canalD) supplies the sin of the scrotumE) is entirely sensory

//40 The ovarian arteryA) arises from the abdominal aorta >ust above the

ori#in of renalartery

B) lies on the psoas ma>or muscle() crosses in front of the ureterD)on the ri#ht side crosses in front of the inferior vena

cavaE) supplies the ureter

idneys reters and #uprarenal .lands

//&0 The ureterA) passes do+n on the psoas ma>or muscleB) has a narro+in# at the pelviureteric >unction

() lies anterior to the #onadal vessels


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D) crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

anteriorlyE) is developed from the paramesonephric duct

//'0 1e.ardin. the ri.ht ureter

A. 7t is retroperitonealB. 7t is crossed by the ri#ht ileocolic vessels

C. 7t receives an arterial supply from the renal arteries

D. The pro>ection of the ureter on a radio#raph is

opposite the tips of the transverse processes of

upper lumbar vertebraeE) 7t lies behind the fourth part of the duodenum

//%0 1e.ardin. the suprarenal .landsA) They are symmetrical in shapeB) They are enclosed in renal fascia() Each #land is drained by three veinsD) The inferior vena cava is an anterior relation of the

ri#ht suprarenal #landE) The medulla is developed from endoderm

/270 1e.ardin. the suprarenal .landsA) The anterior surface of the left #land is in contact

+ith the bare area of the liverB) The left #land lies on the left crus of the diaphra#m() Suprarenal arteries arise from the renal arteriesD) (ells of the ona #lomerulosa develop from the

neural crest cells

E) They receive pre#an#lionic sympathetic 1bres viathe splanchnic nerves

/2/0 1e.ardin. the relations of the !idneysA) The costodiaphra#matic recess of the pleura is at

ris in the lumbar approach to the idneyB) The ri#ht idney rests on the t+elfth rib() 7liohpo#astric and ilioin#uinal nerves are related

posteriorlyD) The hilum of the left idney is related to the

pancreas


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Abdomen : Answers and Explanations

.)A) True 8 The plane passes throu#h the lo+er border of

the L- vertebra

B) False 8 The plane lies mid+ay bet+een the >u#ularnotch Hupper

border of the manubriumI and symphysis pubis() False 8 The plane passes throu#h the head* nec and

body of thepancreas

D) True 8 The spinal cord ends at L- vertebral levelE) True 8 7t cuts each costal mar#in at the tip of the ninth

costalcartila#e* +hich is at the lateral border of the

rectusabdominis deep to this point on the ri#ht side

lies the fundusof the #all bladder

)A) True8 Dermatomes over the xiphoid process is T@* over

the umbilicus is T-, and over the pubis 8 L-


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B) True The hila of the idneys lie at this plane* the ri#ht

>ustbelo+ and the left >ust above it

() False 8 7ntertubercular plane passes throu#h the

tubercles of iliaccrests and body of L vertebra

D) True 8 The subcostal plane passes throu#h the lo+er

border of the-,thcostal cartila#e and body of L. vertebra

E) False 8 'erves of the anterior abdominal +all lie

bet+een internal obli2ue and transversus abdominis muscle

)A) False 8 The abdominal aorta divides into the t+o

common iliacarteries at the level of the body of L vertebra

B) True Thesuperior mesenteric artery arises from the

aorta at thelevel of the lo+er border of the body of L-

vertebra() True The commencement of the portal vein is >ust

behind the necof the pancreas

D) TrueE) False 8 The inferior vena cava be#ins opposite the L

vertebral level

by the conuence of the t+o common iliac veinsbehind the

ri#ht common iliac artery


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G)A) False The in#uinal canal is an obli2ue passa#e throu#h

the lo+erpart of the anterior abdominal +all +hich

commences at thedeep in#uinal rin# and ends at the super1cial

in#uinal rin#B) True 8 The anterior +all alon# its entire len#th of the

canal is formed by the aponeurosis of the external obli2ue

muscle) 7t is

reinforced in its lateral third by the internalobli2ue

() True 8 The oor or the inferior +all is formed by the

inrolledinferior ed#e of the in#uinal li#ament Hthe

aponeurosis of theexternal obli2ueI reinforced medially by the

lacunar li#ament

D) True 8 The posterior +all is formed alon# its entirelen#th by the

fascia transversalis) 7t is reinforced in its

medial third by the con>oint tendonE) True8 7t transmits the round li#ament of the uterus

and theilioin#uinal nerve in the female and the

spermatic cord andilioin#uinal nerve in the male

@)


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A) False 8 7t is a trian#ular defect or aperture in the

aponeurosis of theexternal obli2ue muscle

B) False() True

D) True !ar#ins of the rin# are called the crura Hlateraland medialI

and #ive attachment to external spermatic fasciaE) True 7t transmits the round li#ament of the uterus and

theilioin#uinal nerve in the female and the spermatic

cord and

ilioin#uinal nerve in the male

J)

A. False The in#uinal canal is an obli2ue intermuscular

slit about cm lon# lyin# above the medial part of the in#uinal

li#ament

B. True 8 The deep rin# lies about -)% cm H- inchI abovethe midpoint

of the in#uinal li#ament +hich is an openin# in

thetransversalis fascia

C. True The oor is the inrolled lo+er ed#e of the

in#uinal li#ament reinforced medially by the lacunar li#ament

D) False 8 The in#uinal canal transmits the spermatic cordand

ilioin#uinal nerve in the male and the round

li#ament ofuterus and ilioin#uinal nerve in the female)

The #enitofemoral nerve is formed in the psoas ma>or muscle and

emer#es on its anterior surface and runs do+n alon#

the muscle*


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pierces the psoas fascia and divides into the

#enital and femoral branches) The #enital branch passes

throu#h the deep rin#* enters the in#uinal canal and

supplies thecremaster muscle* spermatic fascia* tunica

va#inalis andscrotal sin

E. True 8 The roof is formed by the lo+er ed#es of the

internalobli2ue and transversus abdominis muscles

C)A) False 8 7t is -) inches H cmI lon#B) False 8 The ilioin#uinal nerve enters the canal by

piercin# the lo+erborder of the internal obli2ue muscle and

emer#es throu#h

the super1cial in#uinal rin#() True 8 The oor is formed by the inrolled lo+er border

of thein#uinal li#ament and reinforced medially by the

lacunarli#ament

D) True 8 The posterior +all is formed alon# its entire

len#th by fascia

transversalis) 7t is reinforced on its medialthird by the

con>oint tendonE) True 8 "elated to it medially are the inferior epi#astric

vessels*+hich pass up+ard from the external iliac

vessels

G,)


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from the t+elfth rib to its insertion into the

anterior halfof the outer lip of the iliac crest

() True Above and lateral to the pubic tubercle is the

super1cialin#uinal rin# in the aponeurosis of the external

obli2uemuscle

D) False 8 !uscles contributin# to the formation of the

con>ointtendon are the internal obli2ue and the

transversus

abdominisE) False 8 7ts lo+er border forms the in#uinal li#ament) The

in#uinalli#ament forms the oor of the in#uinal canal)

The roof ofthe canal is formed by archin# 1bres of internal

obli2ueand transversus abdominis

G%)A) True

B. False 8 The posterior layer above the level of the costal

mar#inhas no rectus sheath) The rectus muscle rests

directly onthe 1fth* sixth and seventh costal cartila#es

C. True 8 Seventh to eleventh intercostal nerves andsubcostal

nerve H-%ththoracic nerveI supply itD) True

E. False 8 The posterior layer above the pubic symphysis is

de1cientand the rectus muscle rests directly on the

fasciatransversalis


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G.)A) False 8 The anterior abdominal +all is supplied by the

superiorepi#astric and musculophrenic arteries

Hbranches of internal throracic arteryI* tenth and eleventh posterior

intercostal arteries Hbranches of thoracic aortaI* subcostal

artery*

inferior epi#astric artery and deep circumexiliac artery Hbranches of the external iliac arteryI and

lumbar arteries Hdorsal branches of abdominal aortaIB) True() TrueD) True

E) True

G)

A. False 8 "ectus abdominis and external obli2ue muscles

are supplied by the lo+er intercostals HT@T-%I and

subcostal HT-%I nerves the internal obli2ue and transversus

abdominis by the lo+er intercostals* subcostal* iliohypo#astric and

ilioin#uinal nerves and the lo+est 1bres of the internal obli2ue

and transversusabdominis by the 1rst lumbar 1bres)

B) True() True

D) TrueE) False


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G)A) False 8 The spermatic cord has three coverin#s and six

constituents)They are the internal spermatic fascia*

cremasteric fascia andmuscle* external spermatic fascia* ductus

deferns* testicularartery +ith the artery to the ducts and

cremasteric artery*pampiniform plexus of veins* lymphatics*

#enital branch of the#enitofemoral nerve and processus va#inalis)

The ilioin#uinal nerve passes do+n deep to the

externalobli2ue muscle and emer#es on the front of

the spermaticcord throu#h the super1cial in#uinal rin#)

B) True() True

D) False The appendix testis is a small cystic partattached to the upperpole of testis +hich is a remnant of the

paramesonephric ductE) True

GG)

A. True The portal vein commences behind the nec of

pancreasby the union of the splenic vein and superior

mesenteric vein


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at the 1rst lumbar vertebral level

B. False 8 Bifurcation of the descendin# aorta is at the

fourth lumbar vertebral level() False 8 ?esopha#eal openin# in the diaphra#m is at the

tenththoracic vertebral level) The inferior vena caval

openin# isat the ei#hth thoracic vertebral level and the

aortic openin# is at the t+elfth thoracic vertebral level

D. False 8 Bifurcation of the trachea is at the fourth

thoracic vertebral level +hich is at the level of the

manubriosternal >oint Han#leof LouisI

E. True 8 The prevertebral fascia extends from the base of

the sullto the fourth thoracic vertebral level

Vessels and erves of the =utG@)A) True 8 7t is the artery of the distal part of the fore#ut

and suppliesthe #astrointestinal tract from the lo+er one

third of theoesopha#us do+n to the duodenum as far as

the openin# ofthe bile duct) 7t supplies the liver* spleen and

pancreas+hich are fore#ut derivatives

B) False 8 7t arises at the -%ththoracic vertebral level() True 8 7ts three branches are the left #astric* splenic

andcommon hepatic arteries

D) False 8 The derivatives of the distal part of the fore#ut

includin# the


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liver* pancreas and spleen are supplied by the

coeliac trun)The upper part of the oesopha#us is supplied by

the inferiorthyroid arteries middle part by the oesopha#eal

branches ofthe aorta and bronchial arteries and the lo+er

part by theoesopha#eal branches of the left #astric artery

E) True 8 The three branches from the coeliac trun are

#iven o9 at theupper border of the pancreas behind the

peritoneum of theposterior +all of the upper sac

GJ)A) True 8 7t arises from the abdominal aorta a centimeter

belo+ theori#in of the celiac trun at the L- vertebral

levelB) True After airsin# from the aorta the superior

mesenteric artery isdirected do+n+ards behind the body of the

pancreas andsplenic vein


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() False 8 7t is the artery of the mid #ut and supplies the

#ut fromthe duodenal papilla up to the >unction

bet+een the proximalt+othirds and distal onethird of the

transverse colon) The pancreas is supplied mainly by the splenic

artery* a branchof the coeliac trun Hnec* body and tailI)

Superior and inferiorpancreaticoduodenal arteries supply the head

of pancreas

D) True 8 7t lies anterior to the left renal vein* uncinateprocess of

the pancreas and the third part of the

duodenum* in thatorder from above do+n+ards

E) True 8 The ileocolic artery is a branch of the superior

mesentericartery) The inferior branch of the ileocolic artery

#ives o9 theanterior and posterior caecal arteries to supply

the caecum)

GC)A) True 8 Branches arisin# from the superior mesenteric

artery areinferior pancreaticoduodenal* ileocolic* ri#ht

colic* middlecolic* >e>unal and ileal arteries

B) False 8 The left colic is a branch of the inferior

mesenteric artery() False 8 The ri#ht #astric artery is a branch of the

common hepaticartery +hich arises from the coeliac trun

D) False 8 The #astroduodenal artery is a branch of thecommon hepaticartery +hich arises from the coeliac trun


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E) True

@,)A) True 8 7t arises from the aorta behind the inferior

border of the thirdpart of the duodenum at the third lumbar

vertebral level H.cm above the bifurcation of the aortaI

B) True 8 7t crosses the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of

the leftcommon iliac vessels over the sacroiliac >oint

and conver#esto+ards the ureter and lie at the apex of the

attachment ofthe si#moid mesocolon

() True 8 7t supplies the distal third of the transverse

colon* left colicFlexure Hsplenic exureI* the descendin# colon*

the si#moidcolon* the rectum* and the anal canal above

the pectinate lineD) True 8 The terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric

artery is thesuperior rectal artery +hich anastomoses +ith

the lastbranch of the si#moid arteries

E) False 8 7ts branches are the left colic* si#moid and

superior rectalarteries) The ri#ht colic artery is a branch of

the superiormesenteric artery

@-)


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A) True The portal vein is formed by the union of splenic

vein H+hichalso receives the inferior mesenteric veinI +ith

the superior mesenteric vein* behind the nec of

thepancreas at the -stlumbar vertebral level

B) True 8 7t lies in front of the inferior vena cava behind

the nec ofthe pancreas and the 1rst part of the

duodenum) Byenterin# bet+een the t+o layers of the lesser

omentum it

loses contact +ith the inferior vena cava() True 8 Tributaries of the portal vein are the ri#ht and

left #astricveins* superior pancreaticoduodenal veins*

cystic veinsand paraumbilical veins

D) False 8 it ascends in the free ed#e of the lesser

omentum

E) False 8 The portal vein runs up+ards in the free ed#e ofthe lesser

omentum +hich forms the anterior boundary of

the epiploicforamen lyin# behind the bile duct and the

hepatic artery@%)A) False 8 The follo+in# are the four common sites of

porto systemic anastomosesK

HiI At the lo+er end of the oesopha#us

Hoesopha#eal or#astric varicesI the oesopha#eal branches of

the left #astricvein Hportal tributaryI anastomoses +ith

oesopha#eal veinsthat drain into ay#os and accessory ay#os

veins


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HiiI Anorectal re#ion 8 superior rectal veins

Hportal tributaryIanastomose +ith the middle and inferior

rectal veinsHsystemic tributariesI that drain into internal

iliac andpudendal veinsHiiiI Around the umbilicus 8 the left branch of

the portal vein anastomoses +ith the super1cial veins

Hsuperior and inferior epi#astricI of the anterior abdominal +all

HsystemictributariesI throu#h paraumbilical veins that

accompany theli#amentum teres

7n portal obstruction the veins around the

umbilicus distend)The distended veins radiate from the

umbilicus #ivin# rise to

caput medusae HivI 7n the bare area of liver 8 the ri#ht branch

of the portalvein in the bare area anastomoses +ith the

retroperitonealveins that drain into lumbar* ay#os and

hemiay#os veinsB) True() TrueD) FalseE) False


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@.)A) True 8 The vein leaves the hilum of the spleen and

passes in thelienorenal li#ament lyin# belo+ the splenic

arteryB) False 8 The splenic vein has no foetal vessel of ori#in)

The leftumbilical vein +hich is the main source of

oxy#enated bloodto the foetus becomes the li#amentum teres

after birth() True 8 7t unites +ith the superior mesenteric vein

behind thenec of the pancreas Hat the 1rst lumbar

vertebral levelI toform the portal vein

D) True 8 7t receives short #astric* left #astroepiploic*

inferiormesenteric and pancreatic veins

E) False The ri#ht #astric vein passes alon# the lesser

curvature to thepylorus of the stomach and empties into the

portal vein

@)

A. True 8 The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied

by the leftand ri#ht #astric arteries

B. False 8 Short #astric arteries Habout six branchesI are

branchesfrom the splenic artery that supply the fundus

and upperpart of the #reater curvature of the stomach)

The pyloricre#ion of the stomach is supplied by the

#astroduodenal artery* ri#ht #astroepiploic artery and

supraduodenal artery


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C. True 8 The ascendin# colon is supplied by the ileocolic*

ri#htcolic and middle colic arteries* +hich are

branches of thesuperior mesenteric artery

D. True 8 The 1rst % cm of the duodenum receives blood

from thehepatic* #astroduodenal* supraduodenal* ri#ht

#astric andri#ht #astroepiploic arteries

E. False The middle colic artery* a branch of the superior

mesenteric

artery supplies the proximal -5. of thetransverse colon)

The left colic artery supplies the descendin#

colon

@)

A. True 8 Left and ri#ht vitelline veins and vitellineanastomosis #ive

rise to superior mesenteric vein* portal vein

and post hepatic inferior vena cava) The inferior mesenteric and

splenic veins do not have a foetal vessel of ori#in

B) False() FalseD) TrueE) True

@G)

A.True 8 7t lies around the ori#in of the coeliac trun

above theupper border of the pancreas

B. False 8 The #reater and lesser splanchnic nerves carry

pre#an#lionic


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sympathetic 1bres) They pierce the crura of

the diaphra#mand enter the t+o lar#e coeliac #an#lia

() True

D.True 8 Fibres from the plexus supply all abdominal

viscera* renal#an#lion and plexus* testes and ovaries

E.True 8 Pre#an#lionic 1bres from the #reater splanchnic

nervepass +ithout relay to the cells of the suprarenal

medulla

@@)

A. False 8 The coeliac trun arises from the abdominal

aorta bet+een the crura of the diaphra#m a little belo+ the

median arcuate li#ament at the t+elfth thoracic

vertebral level

B. False 8 The superior mesenteric artery arises from the

aorta acentimeter belo+ the coeliac trun at the 1rst

lumbarvertebral level

C. True 8 The inferior mesenteric artery arises from theaorta


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and is not retroperitonealE) False8 The spleen develops in the dorsal mesentery

and isattached to the posterior abdominal +all by

thelienorenal li#ament

@C)

A. True 8 Derivatives of the dorsal mesentery include the

#reateromentum* #astrosplenic li#ament* spleen and

thelienorenal li#ament) The lesser omentum and

falciform li#ament develops from the ventral

mesentery Hventralmeso#astriumI

B) True() FalseD) FalseE) True

J,)A) False 8 7ts lo+er boundary is the 1rst part of the

duodenumB) True() False 8 The posterior boundary is the inferior vena cava

coveredby the parietal peritoneum of the posterior

abdominal+all

D. True 8 The free mar#in of the lesser omentum contains

bet+eenits t+o peritoneal layers the portal vein and

anterior to itthe hepatic artery and bile duct

E. True 8 Left Hlesser sacI and ri#hr subhepatic spaces

communicate+ith each other via the epiploic foramen


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J-)

A) True 8 The t+o layers of peritoneum that extendbet+een the

liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach

constitutethe lesser omentum) This is part of the

ventral meso#astriumB) False 8 7t is attached to the lesser curvature of the

stomach) The#reater omentum is attached to the #reater

curvature of thestomach)

() False 8 The attachment of the lesser omentum to the

liver is L shaped) 7t is attached to the 1ssure for the

li#amentum

venosum and the porta hapatisD) True 8 Anteriorly the foramen is bounded by the ri#ht

freemar#in of the lesser omentum containin#

bet+een its t+operitoneal layers the portal vein* hepatic

artery and bile duct)E) True The ventral mesentery Hor septum transversumI

#ives rise tothe lesser omentum* falciform li#ament* central

tendon of


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diaphra#m* connective tissue of the liver*

=up9er cells andcoronary li#aments

J%)

A) True 8 The si#moid mesocolon has an inverted 4$6shape +ith

t+o limbs diver#in# from each other at the

bifurcation ofthe common iliac vessels* on the pelvic brim

over the left sacroiliac >oin

Anatomy Mcq Abdomen and Thorax

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Transcript of Anatomy Mcq Abdomen and Thorax