Sultanas: Packing, Transporting and Risk Factors

8/14/2019 Sultanas: Packing, Transporting and Risk Factors

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Sultanas Raisins

General:

Product information

Packaging

Transport

Container transport

Cargo securing

Risk factors and loss prevention:

Temperature Odor

Humidity/Moisture Contamination

Ventilation Mechanical influences

Biotic activity Toxicity / Hazards to health

Gases Shrinkage/Shortage

Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion Insect infestation / Diseases


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Product information

Product Name

German Sultaninen

English Sultanas

French Raisins de Smyrne

Spanish Pasas gorronasScientific Vitis vinifera

CN/HS number * 0806 20 12

(* EU Combined Nomenclature/Harmonized System)


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Product description

Sultanas belong to the grapevine family (Vitaceae) and are native to the

Caspian Sea. Currants, sultanas and raisins, including those still on the bunch,

are known collectively as "raisins. The difference between these three dried

fruits is explained below:

Sultanas: seedless, large-berried and light

yellow. Larger than currants and smaller

than raisins.

Currants: seedless, small-berried,

purple/black color. Their name derives from

the Greek city of Corinth.

Raisins on the bunch: seeded, large-berried,

generally with stalk.


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To produce: the grapes are grown on the sultana grapevine. The grapes are

harvested when overripe. They are then either air-dried or increasingly dried in

special drying plants. Most sultanas are bleached, sulfured after drying and

mechanically destalked in order to extend their storage life and prevent

subsequent discoloration. Such treatment must be indicated appropriately on

the packaging. Treatment with vegetable oils is intended to prevent the

sultanas from sticking together.

Due to their very high sugar content, sultanas are very sweet and similar in

flavor to honey.

Quality / Duration of storage

Sultanas should not exhibit any signs of reduced quality, such as mold, rot,

discoloration, maggot or mite infestation, clumps of fruit. Contamination bydirt etc. must also remain within reasonable limits.


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Various sources state maximum duration of storage as follows:

Temperature Rel. humidity Max. duration of storage Source

4 - 20C 60 - 70% 12 months [1]

7C 50 - 60% 12 months [5]

Intended use

Sultanas are intended to be eaten raw and are used as an ingredient in nutmixes, bakery products, muesli and desserts.

Figures

Figure 1 Figure 2


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Countries of origin

This Table shows only a selection of the most important countries of origin and

should not be thought of as exhaustive.

Europe Turkey, Greece, Spain, Cyprus

Africa South Africa

Asia Iran, Afghanistan

America USA, Mexico

Australia Australia


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Packaging

Raisins are packaged in paperboard cartons or wooden boxes.

When packaged in corrugated or millboard cartons, the product should be

transported on pallets. The packaging size should be so selected that the

dimensions of the individual area modules or area module multiples are

conformed to the conventional pallet sizes (800x1200 mm and 1000x1200

mm) and cargo units may thus be produced.

Transport

Symbols

General cargo Temperature-controlled


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Means of transport

Ship, truck, railroad

Container transport

Standard containers /refrigerated containers are used, subject to compliance

with lower limits for water content of goods, packaging and container flooring.

Cargo handling

Since the packages are sensitive to impact, appropriate care must be taken

during cargo handling.

In damp weather (rain, snow), the cargo must be protected from moisture,

since this may lead to mold, rot, fermentation and tackiness.


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Stowage factor

1.35 - 1.56 m/t (cartons) [1]1.28 - 1.39 m3/t (boxes) [11]

Stowage space requirements

Cool, dry, good ventilation

Segregation

Marker pen, oil crayon, oiled paper, packing paper

Cargo securing

In order to ensure safe transport, the cargo must be stowed and secured in the

means of transport in such a manner that it cannot slip or shift during transport.

If loss of volume and degradation of quality are to be avoided, the packagesmust not be damaged by other articles or items of cargo.


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Risk factors and loss prevention

RF Temperature

Sultanas require particular temperature, humidity/moisture and possibly

ventilation conditions (SC VI) (storage climate conditions).

The favorable travel temperature range is 4 - 20C [1].

Chemical reactions proceed very rapidly at temperatures > 25C. Heat and

pressure cause candying and agglomeration, syrup formation and fermentationin sultanas.

Heat generally causes the risk of discoloration and hardening and the product

should thus be stowed away from heat sources.

At temperatures < 10C, mite growth is inhibited.


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RF Humidity/Moisture



DesignationHumidity/water

contentSource

60 - 70% [1]Relative

humidity50 - 60% [5]

17 - 20% [1]Water content

14 - 18% [5]

Maximum

equilibriummoisture

content

65% [1]


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Sultanas are strongly hygroscopic (hygroscopicity).

Figure 3

Poor drying (water content > 20%) results in mold and the sultanas become

inedible.

At relative humidities > 70%, sultanas become tacky, grow mold and may

support yeast growth. Fermentation may also occur.

At relative humidities < 60%, sultanas become tough and hard.


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The product must be protected from all forms of moisture (seawater, rain and

condensation water) to prevent mold growth, rotting, fermentation and

tackiness.

In order to prevent wetting of the product by sweat from hold or container

surfaces, it should be protected with dunnage . If a fermentation process is

initiated, it may eventually affect the entire cargo.

RF Ventilation



If the product is at "shipping dryness", i.e. if there is no risk of degradation bymold etc. due to water content, ventilation is not required. If this is not the

case, the following ventilation measures should be implemented:

Recommended ventilation conditions: air exchange rate: 6 changes/hour(airing)


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RF Biotic activity

Sultanas display 3rd order biotic activity.

They belong to the class of goods in which respiration processes are

suspended, but in which biochemical, microbial and other decompositionprocesses still proceed.

RF Gases

No risk.

RF Self-heating / Spontaneous combustion

No risk.


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RF Odor

Active

behavior

Sultanas have a slight,

pleasant odor.

Passivebehavior

Sultanas are highly odor-sensitive.

RF Contamination

Active

behavior

Excessive temperatures may

result in the formation of syrup,

which may contaminate othergoods.

Passive

behavior

Sultanas are extremely

sensitive to contamination.


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RF Mechanical influences

The packages must be secured appropriately in the hold or container so that

they cannot move during transport. In the case of container transport, it is also

important for the goods to be secured in the door area so that they cannot fall

out of the container when the doors are opened.

RF Toxicity / Hazards to health

Mite infestation may cause gastrointestinal conditions if the product is eaten.

Inhalation of mite dust may cause asthma attacks and frequent contact withmites may result in skin conditions.

RF Shrinkage/Shortage

The normal weight loss due to a reduction in the moisture content of the

product is approx. 1%.


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RF Insect infestation / Diseases

Sultanas are very frequently infested by pests.

Under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, there is a risk of

infestation by maggots, mites, moths (dried fruit moth, meal moth, tobacco

moth) and beetles (sap beetles, sawtoothed grain beetles and flour beetles).

Mite infestation may be determined by examination with a magnifying glass:mites may be distinguished from crystallized glucose because they are whitish,

slow moving dots. Development from the egg to imago (fully formed insect)

takes approx. 10 days.

A fumigation certificate must be provided.

Source : The Transport Information Service (TIS) from the German Insurance

Association (GDV e.V.)


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WE SUPPLY THE FINEST TURKISH SULTANAS


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SIX GOOD REASONS FOR

CHOOSING SAMRIOGLU:

Wide range of products; Dried Apricots, Dried

Figs, Raisins and Hazelnutkernels( Conventional and Organics )

Competitive prices

Guaranteed product guality Flexibility with customer needs

Professional Customer Relations

Financially Strong and Technically advancedManufacturer business partners we cooperate.


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Our Commitments & ValuesOur Commitments to our esteemed Customers :

We believe that our customers come first, and that you are entitled toexpect excellent customer service from us. We strive to give youthis through personal accountability and professional commitment,working with you to ensure that our products and services meetyour needs.

Our Corporate Values are:

Guaranteed Product Qaulity

Multi-Level Reliabilitiy Flexibility with Customers needs

Competitive prices Timely delivery

Accurate service before and after sale


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Please contact us now!

Attn: Mr. Aytac SAMRIOGLU (Intl Sales)

Tel: +90 212 863 01 74

Fax: +90 212 8631719Mail: [email protected]

Sultanas: Packing, Transporting and Risk Factors

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