AZAD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LKO

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGPERSENTATION ON:-

TURBO SUPER CHARGER AND IT’S WORKING &MAINTAINCE

Submitted To :- Submitted By:-Er. Nehal Akhtar Md Sultan

Assistance PROFESSORPROFESSOR B.tech 4th yr ME (1305340049)

WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?

• It is a turbine driven compressor.• It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase

the charge mass of air and power of the engine.

WHY WE USE ? It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust gases.

Wide range of power levels.

Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.

Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.

Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.

INTRODUCTION• The power out put of an engine depends

upon the amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of utilization of this air , and the thermal efficiency of the engine.

Indicated engine Power IP=P*L*A*n*K/60000 ……………..(1)Where, IP= indicated power (kW)P=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2)L=length of strokeA= area of piston n= no of power stroke, for 2-s engine-N and for 4-s engine N/2, N= rpm K= No of cylinders

Three possible methods utilized to increase the air consumption of an engine are as follows:

Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling problems.

Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses on engine parts.

Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.

DefinitionThe most efficient method of increasing the power

of an engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing the flow of air into the engine to enable more fuel to be burnt.

• A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered by engine power .

• A turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake system.

Fig.1 Supercharger

COMPRESSED AIR

Air inlet

Types

Fig. 2 Turbocharger

Need of turbocharger and super charger

• For ground installations, it is used to produce a gain in the power out put of the engine.

• For aircraft installations, in addition to produce a gain in the power out put at sea-level, it also enables the engine to maintain a higher power out put as altitude is increased.

A part of the exhaust gas energy is treated by the turbine

The turbine power is transmitted to the compressor through the rotating shaft

The air is pressurized by the compressor

The air cooler brings the air to a high density to the engine by decreasing the temperature

The engine can work at a high power density without increase of the thermal load

Turbocharging Principles

Working principle of a turbocharger:

• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine.

• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared shaft.

• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn used to drive the compressor.

• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.

Where the turbocharger is located in the car

FIG. 5

Advantages of supercharger and turbocharger

• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive superchargers for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar , providing a proportionate increase in power.

• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1, which means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel.

• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.

Disadvantages of turbocharger and supercharger

• Cost and complexity• Detonation• Parasitic losses• Space• Turbo lag

Type of Compressor.

1.Centrifugal type

2. Vane type

3. Root’s type

FIG.3

Results and discussion:

• Torque: Torque-rise percentage (from torque at maximum power at approximately 570 rev/min at the p.t.o. to maximum torque, which represents the torque back-up, or “lugging ability” of the tractor), was 18.9% for the original naturally aspirated mode, rose to 21.6% after servicing, and reached 33% after turbocharging.

• Power: Due to the increased torque after servicing, maximum power increased from 63.1 kW to 65.9 kW at 570 rev/min and remained higher throughout the working speed range. The turbocharged version produced a maximum power of 77.1 kW

• Exhaust gas temperature:• Oil temperatures

Safety:-• Turbocharger failures and resultant high Turbocharger failures and resultant high

exhaust temperatures are among the exhaust temperatures are among the recognised causes of car fires. Boost gauge recognised causes of car fires. Boost gauge Twin charger Exhaust pulse pressure charging Twin charger Exhaust pulse pressure charging Hybrid Turbocharger Twin-Turbo Variable Hybrid Turbocharger Twin-Turbo Variable geometry turbocharger engine downsizing.geometry turbocharger engine downsizing.

• ..........................

Conclusions:• Due to low speed of operation and less power in

agricultural tractor, turbocharger is used not supercharger for more power generation and to operate it higher altitude.

• Turbo-charging a tractor engine is an acceptable method of increasing its performance if carried out within manufacturers’ specifications.

• Lower engine operating temperatures result which can be beneficial.

• Since the engine lubricating oil is subjected to high temperatures as it passes through the turbocharger the correct oil must be used as specified for turbocharged engines.

THANK YOU