SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION

Please circle the most appropriate response.

1. Explain By which process does your body make new cells for growth or to repair those that have been damaged?A. MeiosisB. TranscriptionC. MitosisD. Cytokinesis

2. The pedigree below shows individuals who have freckles (shaded) and those who don’t have freckles (unshaded) in a family.

Which of the following statements is supported by the pedigree shown?

A. Freckles follow Y-linked dominant inheritanceB. Freckles follow X-linked dominant inheritanceC. Geoff is heterozygous for the freckles geneD. None of Linda or Geoff’s children have freckles

3. Dwarfism is an autosomal dominant disorder. Which of these statements is true?A. If one parent has dwarfism and the other does not, it is possible that they will

produce some children who do not have dwarfismB. Only males will have dwarfismC. Males with dwarfism will produce only children with dwarfismD. Even if neither parent has dwarfism, they may still have children who have dwarfism

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4. Which of the following has not been observed as evidence to support the theory of evolution?

A Human, monkey and chicken embryos all have gill slits in the early stages.B The DNA of humans and chimpanzees is remarkably similar.C The necks of giraffes get longer as they get older due to stretching to reach food.D There are no marsupials, echidnas and platypuses in Africa.

5. The Galapagos Islands lie off the coast of the continent of South America. What did Charles Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands that suggested that two or more species could have had a common ancestor?

A. A large number of finch species that were similar to those on mainland South America

B. A single species of finch that a large number of species could have arisen fromC. A large number of komodo dragons clearly showing the existence of adaptive

radiationD. A large number of tree species that were similar to those on mainland South America

6. Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to biology wasA. Making an x-ray crystallograph of DNAB. Determining the double helix structure of DNAC. Isolating DNA from cellsD. Determining the base-pair rule of DNA bases

7. What is the definition of a species?A. Organisms that have similar physical, behavioural and structural characteristicsB. Organisms that have the same general appearanceC. Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspringD. Organisms that belong to the same order, family and genus

8. The number of chromosomes in a human sex cell is:A. 2B. 23C. 46D. 44

9. What type of bond holds the complementary base pairs together in a double helix of DNA?A. Covalent bondsB. Peptide bondsC. Glycosidic bondsD. Hydrogen bonds

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10. What is adaptive radiation?A. The evolution of a specie that spreads over a large area such as a continentB. The progressive change of a species over time to become a new speciesC. A process in which unrelated species evolve similar characteristics to fill similar

ecological nichesD. The diversification of a species into new species that fill different ecological niches.

11. Homozygous refers to the genotype of an organism which has:A. two of the same alleles present for a particular geneB. two different alleles for a particular geneC. two different genes for a particular alleleD. two of the same genes for a particular allele

12. Which of the following correctly represents the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous dominant for an autosomal disorder? A. HhB. XHYC. XhXh D. hh

13. If a man has heterozygous A blood group and a woman has blood group AB, what is the probability that their child will be blood group O?A. 0 %B. 25 %C. 50 %D. 100 %

14. Which scientist published his theory of evolution in The Origin of Species?A. Alfred WallaceB. Alfred WegenerC. Jean-Baptiste LamarckD. Charles Darwin

15. What name do scientists give to the ancient supercontinent that comprised all of our present continents as a single mass?A. GondwanaB. LaurasiaC. PangaeaD. Tethys

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16. If a genetic disorder is described as having an X-linked dominant inheritance, which of the following is TRUE?A. A father with the disorder will always pass it on to his sonsB. Only girls can have the disorderC. A father with the disorder will always have daughters with the disorderD. A mother with the disorder will always have sons with the disorder

17. What are the chances that a child will have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers for the disease?A. 100%B. 75%C. 50%D. 25%

18. The two types of chemical bonds found DNA are:A. Covalent and Ionic bondsB. Ionic and Hydrogen bondsC. Nucleic and Phospate bondsD. Covalent and Hydrogen bonds

19. What term is used for a diagram that allows you to determine the possible genotypes resulting from a genetic cross?A. KaryotypeB. Punnett squareC. Genotype gridD. Phenotype

20. What term is used to describe a substance or factor that causes mutations in cells?A. MutamorphB. MutableC. MutagenD. Mutagon

(Total = 20 marks)

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SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER SECTION

1. a. Explain evolution of a species by natural selection in response to environmental

change (5)

b. Describe the evidence for evolution provided by the vertebrate pentadactyl limb. (4)

(Total = 9 marks)

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2.a. State one type of evidence for evolution other than fossil evidence. (1)

b. Discuss how it supports the theory of evolution by natural selection. (3)

(Total = 4 marks)

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3. Outline the differences between mitosis and meiosis. (5)

Difference Mitosis Meiosis

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

(Total = 5 marks)

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4.a. The diagram below represents a DNA nucleotide:

Identify the phosphate group and deoxyribose: (1)

Phosphate group

Deoxyribose

b. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a section of the DNA molecule. Include at least four nucleotides forming two base pairs. (5)

(Total = 6 marks)

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5. The karyotype below shows the chromosomes from a person with Down syndrome.

a. State the evidence provided by the karyotype that shows this person has Down syndrome. (1)

b. Briefly outline how Down syndrome occurs. (2)

c. Determine, giving a reason, the sex of the person in the karyotype. (1)

d. Explain briefly why males are more likely to inherit colour blindness than females.(2)

(Total = 4 marks)

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6. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease where the blood does not clot properly. The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of this condition in a family.

(a)i. Determine the genotype of person 1. (1)

ii. Determine the genotype of the mother of person 2. (1)

iii. If person 3 has a son, and the father is a haemophiliac male, predict the son’sphenotype. (1)

(b) Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the possible offspring of a male haemophiliac and a female carrier using suitable symbols for the alleles in a Punnett grid. (3)

Genotypic ratio:

Phenotypic ratio:

(Total = 6 marks)

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7. The following diagram represents a two generation pedigree showing the blood groups of the individuals. The female has been married to two different individuals.

a. Define the term co-dominant alleles. (1)

b. Deduce with a reason the probable father of 2nd generation–1. (2)

c. If 2nd generation–3 marries a man with blood group AB, predict the possible genotypes of the children. (3)

(Total = 6 marks)

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