Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes...

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Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns

Transcript of Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes...

Page 1: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Not-so-Simple

Inheritance

Patterns

Page 2: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Remember…

• Genes are

sections of a

chromosome

that have coded

instructions for

making proteins.

• Alleles are

different forms of

a gene.

Page 3: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Simple

Inheritance

• 2 alleles

• 2 phenotypes

• One allele is

dominant

• The other allele is

recessive

• The DOMINANT allele

completely masks the

recessive allele

Page 4: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Mendel Got Lucky

• In many ways Gregor

Mendel was quite lucky

in discovering his 4

genetic laws.

• He happened to use

pea plants.

• Things in nature aren’t

always so simple.

Page 5: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Not-so-Simple Inheritance

• 4 Main Types

– Codominance

– Incomplete Dominance

– Multiple Alleles

– Polygenic Traits

http://bp3.blogger.com/_ez9UzAGPSPU/Rt6pQt-1mkI/AAAAAAAAADw/DLNmEh701iE/s400/funny-cats-a10.jpg
Page 6: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Codominance

• “Co” means together!

• Codominance = two alleles are dominant together.

• This produces a third heterozygous phenotype where BOTH traits are expressed TOGETHER

• Ex: Human Blood Type – A

– B

– O

– AB

Red Cow x White Cow Roan Cow

Roan cattle have both red and white hairs mixed in together!

Page 7: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Codominance

red x white red & white spotted

Page 8: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Incomplete Dominance

• Incomplete

Dominance =

neither of the two

alleles is

completely

dominant

• This produces a

third heterozygous

phenotype where

the traits are

BLENDED.

Amel & Ultra are incompletely

dominant to each other.

Amel x Ultra Ultramel

Page 9: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Incomplete Dominance

red flower x white flower PINK flower

Page 10: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Multiple Alleles

• Any of a set of three or more alleles.

• Only two of alleles can be present in a diploid organism.

• Examples:

– Human Blood Type

– Human skin, hair, and eye colors

Page 11: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele
Page 12: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Polygenic Traits • Result of the interaction of several genes

• Human skin, hair, and eye color

– Influenced by more than one gene at different

locations on the chromosomes

• Human Blood Pressure

– Not just 1 “blood pressure” gene with several alleles

– Caused by several genes that control other traits such

as weight, cholesterol level, kidney function, etc…

• Human Height

– The combined size of all of the body parts from head

to foot determines the height of an individual.

Page 13: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Role of Environment • Our environment also plays a key role in

how traits are expressed.

• Genes can be turned on/off due to

external environmental factors.

• Examples:

– Stress

– Nutrition

– Chemical exposure

– Light

– Temperature

Page 14: Not-so-Simple Inheritance Patterns - WordPress.com · Inheritance • 2 alleles • 2 phenotypes • One allele is dominant • The other allele is recessive • The DOMINANT allele

Example of Environmental

Influence

• Human Height is heavily influenced by

hormones produced in the pituitary gland

and our diet during childhood and puberty.

• Usually, about 10% of an individual's

height is due to the environment.


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