Sugarloaf Cove Self Guided Interpretive Trail: Trail Guide (306-star04-08)

� This 2008 revision was funded in part by the Coastal Zone Management Act, by NOAA’s Office of Oceanand Coastal Resource Management, in conjunction with Minnesota’s Lake Superior Coastal Program.

Sugarloaf gratefully acknowledges original funding for this project approved by the Minnesota Legislature, 1995Minnesota Laws, Ch. 220, Sec. 19, Subd. 7(i), as recommended by the Legislative Commission on MinnesotaResources. Photos courtesy of Consolidated Papers, Inc., MN Department of Transportation and WendyStrombeck.

100% post-consumer fibers © 2008 Sugarloaf: The North Shore Stewardship Association

SugarloafCoveS E L F - G U I D E D I N T E R P R E T I V E T R A I L

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Welcome toSugarloaf CoveSugarloaf Cove is a 34-acre site located on theNorth Shore of Lake Superior, approximately 4 milessouthwest of the town of Schroeder, Minnesota.The site was purchased by the State of Minnesota in1988 to preserve its unique geological, biological,and cultural resources and make them available foreducational purposes. Approximately 7 acres of thesite have been designated as a State Scientific andNatural Area (SNA). The remaining 27 acres belongsto Sugarloaf: The North Shore Stewardship Association.Sugarloaf was organized under the name SugarloafInterpretive Center Association (SICA) in 1992 toprotect the Sugarloaf Cove and provide a publicinterpretive forum. In 2005, SICA changed its nameand mission statement to better reflect a broadermission and scope for the organization. Sugarloaf is amembership supported non-profit organization.We hope you will become a member.

Please take time to enjoy the self-guided interpretive trail.The trail is approximately one mile long.

A leisurely walk on the entire trail, using this guide to helpyou, will take approximately one hour.

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� GUIDELINES

Please help us to protect Sugarloaf Cove byfollowing these guidelines:

� Leave nothing more than footprints behind as evidenceof your visit.

� Only foot traffic is allowed. No motorized vehicles, nosnowmobiles, no horses, no bicycles.

� Please walk quietly—many interesting birds andmammals live here. You’ll see more of them if you visitquietly and listen to the sounds around you.

� Please walk carefully—the ground is uneven, and it canbe very slippery when wet, especially on the rocks.

� Please do not remove rocks, plants, flowers, seeds,driftwood, or animals from the site.

� Camping and/or campfires are NOT allowed atSugarloaf Cove.

� Pets are not allowed within the Scientific and NaturalArea. Outside the SNA, please keep dogs on a leash,and clean up any droppings.

� The trail does not extend to Sugarloaf Point becausethe vegetation on the Point is very fragile. Please helpus protect it by not walking out to the Point.


The Many Sides of Sugarloaf Cove

Throughout this trail guide, you will notice three symbols to guide your understanding of Sugarloaf Cove.

G E O L O G Y – Sugarloaf Cove is an importantgeologic site with outstanding examples of the1,100 million year old basaltic lava flows thatform Minnesota’s North Shore. Sugarloaf Covealso includes a beach of rounded pebbles andcobbles left behind at higher levels of LakeSuperior and forming a rare North Shoretombolo.

E C O L O G Y – Sugarloaf Point, which was anisland before the tombolo built up to connect itto the mainland, hosts a relatively undisturbedUpland White Cedar forest, which was oncecommon along the North Shore. Now, Sugarloafmanagers are restoring this and other nativeforest habitats throughout the Sugarloaf site.

H U M A N H I S T O R Y – Most of the culturalfeatures at Sugarloaf Cove remain from apulpwood rafting operation that was run byConsolidated Papers, Inc., from 1943 to 1971.Root cellars, metal mooring rings, and boomlogs are all reminders of this operation.

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I N T E R P R E T I V E TRAILPINE PLANTATION You arestanding in a plantation of red pine trees.The red pine (Pinus resinosa), also called

the Norway pine, is the state tree of Minnesota. Take acloser look at the needles on one of the trees—they areabout 4-6 inches long, and you will almost always find twoneedles bundled together. Older red pines, with their thickbark, are tolerant of fire and can grow to be over 100feet tall. Notice that these trees are all about the samesize and they have been planted in rows. When SugarloafCove was used for the pulpwood rafting operation from1943 to 1971, thousands of logs were stockpiled in thisarea, which was known as the Upper Landing. After thepaper company closed its pulpwood operation in 1971, aforester remained at the site until 1978. During this time,two red pine plantations were established. Why do youthink they did this? Turn around slowly in a circle…do yousee any other types of trees in the plantation? If you do,where do you think they came from? Were they plantedalong with the red pine?

As you continue, you will find other red pine plantationsthat are being actively restored to a more diverse state.

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SIDE LOGS The logs on the ground infront of you were part of the chute thatcarried pulpwood from the Upper Landing

to the lake. These logs formed the sides of the chute; thethick metal cables were attached to notches in the logs tokeep them in place. The rafting operation ended in 1971,so these logs have been lying here on the forest floor for atleast 35 years. They are slowly decaying and becoming partof the soil. Notice the trees and shrubs that are growing onand around the logs. This area was entirely cleared ofvegetation when the paper company used the site, so theseplants are no older than that.

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ALDER THICKET You are now in themidst of a thicket of alder (Alnus incanaand Alnus viridis). Alders are a type of

shrub that grows rapidly on disturbed ground. The smallpine cone-like things at the top of the shrub are the femaleflowers that have gone to seed. Alder is an important earlyshrub in forest succession, adding nutrients like nitrogen topoor soils. In this area, Sugarloaf managers are working torestore native conifer forest species such as white cedar. Thiseffort included a prescribed burn in this area in 2006. After theburn, white pine, white cedar and other seedlings were plantedand cages were put around them to protect them from deer.

As you walk to stop #4, watch and listen for birds. In thespring this is a good place to look for warblers—tiny birdsthat are usually seen in thick foliage eating bugs and smallworms.

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WEATHERING BEDROCK Bedrockis what geologists call the solid rock thatunderlies the land that we live on. Bedrock is

often completely hidden by soil and plants, but here along theNorth Shore of Lake Superior, the soil is thin in many areasbecause of Ice Age glaciation and much of the 1,100 millionyear old bedrock is visible. Look down at the ground that youare standing on and you will see an area that appears to becovered with gravel. If you look closely you will see that thisgravel is made up of small pieces of crumbling bedrock. Watertrapped in cracks in the bedrock expands when it freezes.During the winter and spring, the water freezes and thawsmany times; this constant expansion breaks the rock apart—aprocess known as physical weathering. When the weatheredbedrock is broken down into even smaller particles and mixedwith dead plant material, it is called residual soil, animportant ingredient for initial succession. Why do you thinkthere is no soil in this small area?

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SCENIC OVERLOOK From this spotyou can enjoy the view of Lake Superior. In mid-summer, many native wildflowers can be

seen blooming on this slope, including evening primrose andcolumbine. Now that you are out of the shelter of the trees,you may feel the cool wind blowing off the lake. Because ofits immense size, the lake acts as a huge reservoir of heatenergy that affects the climate of the surrounding area. Inthe spring and summer the lake stores the sun’s heat, butbecause the water in the lake is so deep and the volume isso great, it takes most of the summer to warm the water. Itdoesn’t reach its highest average temperature of 58°F untillate August. The cool lake water acts as an air conditioner

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and helps to keep the surrounding shorelands cool in thesummer. During the winter, the lake slowly releases the energyit stored during the summer, which keeps the nearshore areaswarmer than the inland areas until the lake starts to freeze overin January or February. During most winters, 40 to 95 percentof the lake is covered by ice. It only freezes completely onceevery 20 years. In the spring, as the strength of the sun’sheat increases, the ice begins to melt, but the water does notwarm up until after all the ice is melted. The averagetemperature of Lake Superior water in May is just 37°F. Theplants and animals that live at Sugarloaf Cove must be ableto adapt to this climate created by Lake Superior. Thedifference in air temperature over the water and over the landoften causes fog, which creates a cool, moist environmentalong the shoreline for mosses, lichens, and arctic plants.

On the other side of the cove you can see Sugarloaf Point.The forest on Sugarloaf Point has not been disturbed formany years, and it contains a mixture of trees, shrubs, andother plants found only in north central and northeasternMinnesota. At the very end of the Point is a high knob ofrock. The shape of this knob is similar to that of a typicalloaf of bulk brown sugar that was sold in the 1800s—whenEnglish place-names were given to features on the North Shore.

ROCKY CLIFFS Optional stop #6 ison the lakeshore at the bottom of the hill. Ifyou wish to visit the rocky shoreline,

carefully follow the short, steep trail to the left of theoverlook bench, then return to the main trail, which headssouthwest to stop #7.

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O P T I O N A L


At the shoreline you are standing on bedrock that is 1,100million years old. This rock is called basalt, a name thatindicates the texture and the chemical composition of therock. Basalt forms as a result of volcanic eruptions, similarto the ones occurring in Hawaii and Iceland today, and it isthe most common type of lava flow. The volcanic featurespreserved in the rocks at Sugarloaf Cove and elsewhere inthe Lake Superior region tell geologists that the continentbegan to break apart here, a process known as rifting. Asthe continental rocks became thinner and fractured, moltenlava, from beneath the earth’s crust, erupted onto thesurface. As the lava cooled, bubbles of gas were trapped inthe hardening rocks. If you look carefully at the rocks youare standing on, you’ll see these gas bubbles, whichgeologists call vesicles. Many are now filled with whiteminerals called zeolites. The zeolites formed later, whenhot groundwater percolated through the solidified rock anddeposited minerals in the vesicles—a process very similarto the way “hard” water can leave white rings of minerals inyour sink and plumbing. Because these minerals are notpart of the original rock, they are called secondaryminerals. Vesicles that are filled with secondary minerals arecalled amygdules. Look around for other volcanic texturesin the rock. Some plants seem to thrive in the cracks of thebedrock in harsh, exposed conditions like these. One of themost common is three-toothed cinquefoil (Potentillatridentate). It sports star-like flower white flowers in June.

When Consolidated Papers was using this cove to transportpulpwood across the lake, great booms were stretchedacross the mouth of the cove to contain the floating logsuntil they could be towed to Wisconsin. Can you find theiron rings that were used to attach the booms on this sideof the cove?


NURSE LOG Stop here to examine thenurse log on the left side of the trail. Anurse log is a dead tree that has fallen to the

ground and is slowly decaying. The decay process occurs asbacteria and fungi use enzymes to break down dead plantmaterial and extract the nutrients, allowing them to seepback into the soil. For this reason bacteria and fungi areoften called decomposers. As the tree decays, it forms afertile garden where many plants—including mosses,flowers, and other trees—can sprout and grow. Look closelyand you should be able to identify some of the plantsgrowing on the nurse log. Please allow the decay to occurnaturally; do not pull the nurse log apart.

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LOGCHUTEAlthough

little physical evidenceremains, it was in this areathat the paper companyconstructed a chute tomove logs from the UpperLanding to the cove. The chute was 80 feet long and about10 feet wide. Pulpwood logs, which were stockpiled on thehigh ground above you, were dumped down this chutedirectly into the water. Once in the water, the floating logswere held inside the cove by storage booms until a largeenough quantity was collected to fill a “raft”, which was madeup of several thousand logs that covered as much as 40 acres.Tug boats pulled the rafts 62 miles across Lake Superior toAshland, Wisconsin, a trip that took between 72 and 120hours. Typically, 6-8 trips were made to Ashland each summer.

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9ROCKY SHORELINE At this pointyou can leave the trail and head for therocky ledges along the shore. When you

reach the rocks, turn to your left, and walk carefully along theoutcrop, looking for evidence that these rocks are large,basaltic lava flows. You should be able to find cracks thatform the outline of six-sided columns (1-2 feet across)within the rock. These are called columnar joints. Theyform because as hot lava cools and solidifies, it shrinks,and when it shrinks, the rock has to break, creating theseregular cracks in the rock. You might also be able to find avein of secondary minerals (zeolites or calcium carbonate)that fill a fracture in the rock. See if you can find a flowcontact, which is where one lava flow covered another lavaflow. When basaltic magma is erupted it flows relativelyeasily and spreads out in a layer. The next pulse of lavaflows over the older surface, resulting in layers of individualflows, stacked on top of each other, much like a stack ofpancakes. Like cooking pancake batter, the gas bubbles inthe magma rise to the top of each flow. This results in aflow top that has many gas bubbles, and a flow base that ismuch more massive and solid.

You can recognize the flow contact because the massive baseof one flow rests on the vesicular (bubbly) top of the olderflow. The holes left by the gas bubbles allow the vesicular flowtop to erode more easily than the massive base; thisdifferential erosion helps to accentuate the contact betweenthe flows. You will see that the lava flow contact surface isnot horizontal, though it originally was. It is tilted at about10 to 15 degrees toward the lake. We can see this tilt allalong the North Shore. The rocks were tilted while thecontinental rift was developing, as the crust was being pulledapart and more and more lava was erupted from below.


CONSOLIDATED PAPERSBUILDING SITEHistoric photos and maps indicate that

Consolidated Papers, Inc. maintained at least fourteendifferent buildings at Sugarloaf Cove to support their

pulpwood raftingoperation. Many of thesebuildings were locatedhere at the base of thehill, including an office,warehouse, and garage.As a major part of theSugarloaf restoration, thebuildings were allremoved and either

recycled or reused. The last building was removed in1999; it was moved to Grand Marais. The root cellar inthe hillside, which used to help feed dozens of people onthe site for the summer, is the only major structureremaining and is used today for tool storage and protectionof seedlings.

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Look also for lichens growing on the rocks here. Althoughthe bright orange lichen (Xanthoria spp.) is the mostobvious, 34 different species of lichen have been foundgrowing on these rocks. There are many other plants thatcall this harsh, rocky shoreline their preferred home,including shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), three-toothed cinquefoil (Potentilla tridentata), ninebark(Physocarpos opulifolius), and harebell (Campanularotundifolia). When you have finished exploring theshoreline, return to the main trail.


COBBLE BEACH There is no officialtrail on the beach. Feel free to wanderalong, look at the rocks, and enjoy the lake.

You are now within the boundary of the Scientific andNatural Area (SNA), so please be sure to walk gently. Take only pictures with you and leave only footprintsbehind. Please do not remove rocks, pebbles, or driftwood.

Part of the beach at Sugarloaf Cove is covered by well-rounded rocks of varied color and texture. Geologists definea cobble as a rounded rock that is between 2.5 and 10inches in diameter, and because most of the rocks in thispart of the beach fit this definition, this is often called the“Cobble Beach.” Because the local bedrock is all dark graybasalt, we can conclude that many of the beach rocks werebrought here by glacial ice. Because we know that rocks ofthese types are found only in areas to the north andnortheast, they are indicators of which direction the glacierscame from. The rounding of the cobbles is a result oftransport by glacial ice and especially the abrasive action ofLake Superior waves moving them back and forth across thebeach. Notice the line of driftwood washed up high on thebeach. This material was carried here by storm waves whenthe wind was blowing out of the northeast. Try to imaginethe size of the waves that deposited this debris!

Help us keep this unique North Shore beach inits natural condition. Rock and driftwood collecting, camping andcampfires are NOT ALLOWED on the beach.

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NATIVE PLANT RESTORATION PROJECTThe spur trail leads to a restored wetland ecosystem.Based on extensive research that assessed the types of soilsand plants once present at Sugarloaf Cove, a large wetlandand upland restoration project was conducted in 1999-2001. In order to recreate the type of plant communitiesthat existed before the Consolidated Papers facility wasbuilt, fill material was excavated and ground contours wererestored. Over 12,000 native trees, shrubs, flowers, andgrasses were planted to restore the area. Native plants areidentified as those present at the time of Europeansettlement. The plants used in this project were eithergrown from seeds collected in the area or transplanted fromnearby sites.

About 120 volunteers (including Cook County 4th and 5thgrade students, Nature Conservancy members, andSugarloaf members) helped with the project. Soil removedfrom the restoration area was used to recontour the hillwhere buildings had been located and to return the road tograde. Watch for changes in the plants growing in this areaas the ecosystem matures. As you walk along the trail,notice the high fenced-in areas. These 8-foot high fencesare meant to keep deer out, so that they cannot eat thetender seedlings inside. Deer especially like to eat northernwhite cedar in the late winter and early spring when otherfood is scarce.

To reach the next stop, walk two-thirds of the way alongthe beach, and watch carefully for a small arrow on a post,marking the continuation of the trail.


LOG RAFTS From the cobble beach,follow the marked trail into the alder thicket.At stop #12 you see more evidence of the

pulpwood rafting operation. These huge logs wereheadblocks and quarter blocks, which formed a platform forworkers to stand on while changing cable ties when pullinga boom full of pulp.

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TUGheadblock

hookdouble booms

quarter blocks

1,000 ft. towline

extra logs(overlapped)

C O N S O L I D AT E D P U L P W O O D R A F T

TOMBOLO This low area that you arewalking through is part of the tombolo. Atombolo is formed when sediment (usually

gravel) is deposited by waves and currents on a shallow sectionof the lake bottom over thousands of years, ultimatelyconnecting an island (Sugarloaf Point) with the mainland.Tombolos are rare along the Lake Superior shoreline,because there are few offshore islands and not many shallowarea where sedimentcan accumulate. It wasonce a very wet areacovered with a varietyof wetland vegetation,but the paper companyremoved the plants andadded gravel fill tomost of the tombolo so

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MOUTH OF SUGARLOAF CREEKThis small stream along the westernboundary of the Sugarloaf Cove property is

one of many that drain the uplands surrounding LakeSuperior. The amount of water in the stream varies greatlythroughout the year. During spring snowmelt and heavy rainstorms, the stream is swollen with water running off the landinto Lake Superior. During dry periods, the stream shrinks to a quiet trickle. Observe the water as the stream entersLake Superior— this is a very dynamic area. The gravel onthe beach is constantly rearranged by the waves; as a result,the exact location of the mouth of the stream varies,depending on whether the lake or the stream has morepower. At low flows, the stream water just filters throughthe gravel. The boulders along the shore were probablywashed out of the local glacial deposits; notice their greatvariety of rock types. The rocky bed of the stream is all partof one large lava flow.

The land on the other side is privately-owned, so please donot cross the stream.

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that it could be used for the pulpwood operation. After thepaper company left the site, the alders and poplar trees thatnow surround you took over the tombolo, but some of theoriginal wetland plants are gradually returning—for example inmidsummer you might be able to find tall northern bog orchid(Platanthera hyperborea) blooming. Anytime of year, youwill also notice the giant cow-parsnip (Heracleummaximum), with its one-foot wide leaves and round stalksup to 8 feet high.


PLANTING DEMONSTRATIONAND BEACH LINE Nearly hidden onthe forest floor are boom logs, left behind by

the paper company and now decaying as new trees grow uparound them. This forest is a major demonstration area forrestoration of native conifer forests. You will notice a widevariety of fencing and planting techniques. Most of thefencing at Sugarloaf is done to protect young conifer treesfrom being eaten by white-tailed deer.

The primary trees species planted here in 2004 and 2005are white pine, white spruce and white cedar. This wasfunded by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resourcesto help North Shore landowners learn how to restore theirown North Shore coastal forest.

As you continue uphill from the boom logs, look for roundedpebbles on the ground. These pebbles are much betterrounded than those in typical glacial deposits. Why do youthink these pebbles are here, deep in the woods?

At the end of the Ice Age, ice remaining in the northeasternpart of the Lake Superior basin prevented the water fromdraining through its traditional outlet. As a result, the waterrose until it found higher outlets, establishing temporarylake levels that have left their mark on the landscape. Thisarea was probably the beach at one stage, perhaps 8,000years ago, with waves lapping up against the hillside infront of you. As you follow the trail up the hill, look forother evidence that this was once a beach.

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BEACH TERRACE AND REDPINE DEMONSTRATION You arenow standing on an old beach terrace,

about 60 feet above Lake Superior. It marks the temporarywater level of Lake Superior at one stage during themelting of the last glacial ice sheet. Notice the roundedbeach pebbles at the bottom of the wave-cut slope. Look outtoward the lake to see the silhouette of the “sugarloaf ” atthe end of the Point. This is also a good place to look forbirds in the birch trees on the slope.

Now look at the red pine plantation. Just like the pineplantation of stop #1, these trees were planted after thepaper company closed the rafting operation in 1971. Thetrees have been thinned in a forestry education project forlocal high school students, to allow more sunlight to reachthe forest floor and make it possible for other species tobegin growing in the plantation. A few feet down the trail,stop and look at the cord of wood that has been built withthe trees removed from the pine plantation. A “cord” ofwood is defined as being four feet high, four feet wide andeight feet long. Cord is a common measurement in loggingoperations.

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ROAD RESTORATION ANDNATURE CENTER When ConsolidatedPapers operated a pulpwood landing at

Sugarloaf Cove, a road was built so heavy trucks could reachthe Lower Landing. Sugarloaf managers, working with theDNR, decided to eliminate the road and all vehicular access

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to the lakeshore in order to provide visitors with a LakeSuperior shoreline that is relatively free from signs ofhuman development. Much of the looser gravel now on theold road bed was the same gravel excavated from the LowerLanding to re-create the wetlands there. Plants used in theroad restoration include bush honeysuckle, red osierdogwood, shrubby cinquefoil, aster, balsam ragwort,

fringed bromegrass, and meadowrue. Local studentsand volunteersplanted numerousnative conifersaccustomed to dryrocky soil, includingwhite pine andwhite spruce.

The Sugarloaf Cove Nature Center was constructed in2000. This location was carefully chosen to allow visitorsto see Lake Superior from the center while minimizingimpacts to the shoreline. Well-hidden from both thehighway and the lake, the simple structure was built withlogs harvested from a sustainable red pine forest. TheNature Center serves as a location for educational displays,classes, programs, and picnics. This building, built by SentyLog homes of Grand Marais, was designed to be energyefficient, with in-floor, off-peak electrical heating and highR-value windows and doors, which were donated by theAndersen Window Company. The decking, donated byAspen Research, is made from recycled sawdust andvinyl—waste products from window manufacturing.


� Thank you for visiting Sugarloaf Cove.

SUMMARY The collection of living things and thephysical environment where they live is called anecosystem, or a community. The community of SugarloafCove is very complex and is made up of many members:rocks, waters, plants, animals, and people. The day-to-daylife of the community is determined by the constantinteraction among living things and the physicalenvironment. All ecosystems are dynamic—they arecharacterized by constant change. Within any ecosystem,all the members cause changes that affect all the othermembers.

Here at Sugarloaf Cove, the grassy openings, shrubthickets, and pine plantations are all reminders of the pastactivities of people. Even though people no longer livehere, they are actively working to restore the naturalcondition of Sugarloaf ecosystem. The changes made to theland by people are recorded in the resulting changes thatoccur throughout the entire community of living things.


FLORA

� TREESAspen Populus speciesBalsam Fir Abies balsameaBlack Spruce Picea marianaJack Pine Pinus banksianaMountain Ash Sorbus speciesMountain Maple Acer spicatum Lam.Northern White Cedar Thuja occidentalisPaper Birch Betula papyriferaRed Pine Pinus resinosaTamarack Larix laricinaWhite Pine Pinus strobusWhite Spruce Picea glauca

Here are some of the plants that you mightnotice at Sugarloaf Cove...

� SHRUBSAlder Alnus speciesBush Honeysuckle Diervilla loniceraDogwood Cornus speciesHighbush Cranberry Viburnum trilobumJuneberry Amelanchier speciesNinebark Physocarpos opulifoliusShrubby Cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosaThimbleberry Rubus parviflorus


� FERNSCinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomeaInterrupted Fern Osmunda clatoniana

� FLOWERSBeach Pea Lathyrus japonicusBedstraw Galium speciesBlue Bead Lily Clintonia borealisBluebell/Tall Lungwort Mertensia paniculataBunchberry Cornus canadensisButtercup Ranunculus speciesCanada Mayflower Maianthemum canadenseColumbine Aquilegea canadensisCommon Blue Violet Viola papilionaceaCow Parsnip Heracleum maximumDowny Yellow Violet Viola pubescensEvening Primrose Oenothera biennisGoldenrod Solidago speciesJoe-pye Weed Eupatorium maculatumLarge-leaved Aster Aster macrophyllusMarsh Marigold Caltha palustrisMeadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpumNodding Trillium Trillium cernuumThree-toothed Cinquefoil Potentilla tridentataTwisted Stalk Streptopus amplexifolius


FAUNA

� TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATESBlack BearDeer MouseEastern ChipmunkMasked ShrewMeadow Jumping MouseMeadow VoleMink Frog

Common animals found at Sugarloaf Cove...

� BIRDSAlder FlycatcherAmerican CrowAmerican GoldfinchAmerican RedstartAmerican RobinBald EagleBlack-capped ChickadeeBlack-throated Green WarblerBlue JayCanada GooseCedar WaxwingChestnut-sided WarblerChipping SparrowCommon LoonCommon MerganserCommon YellowthroatDowny WoodpeckerEastern PhoebeGray Catbird

Birds found at Sugarloaf Cove, either making homes, usingthe site for food or shelter, or simply passing through...

Hairy WoodpeckerHerring GullMourning WarblerNashville WarblerNorthern FlickerOvenbirdPurple FinchRed-breasted MerganserRed-eyed VireoRing-billed GullRuby-crowned KingletSong SparrowSpotted SandpiperSwainson’s ThrushVeeryWhite-throated SparrowWood DuckYellow-bellied FlycatcherYellow-rumped Warbler

MooseNorthern Spring PeeperRed SquirrelSnowshoe HareTimberwolfWestern Chorus FrogWhite-tailed Deer


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� This 2008 revision was funded in part by the Coastal Zone Management Act, by NOAA’s Office of Oceanand Coastal Resource Management, in conjunction with Minnesota’s Lake Superior Coastal Program.

Sugarloaf gratefully acknowledges original funding for this project approved by the Minnesota Legislature, 1995Minnesota Laws, Ch. 220, Sec. 19, Subd. 7(i), as recommended by the Legislative Commission on MinnesotaResources. Photos courtesy of Consolidated Papers, Inc., MN Department of Transportation and WendyStrombeck.

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Sugarloaf Cove Self Guided Interpretive Trail: Trail Guide (306-star04-08)

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