Sud Chemie Catalysts

Future Perspectives

Page

Introduction 4

Feed Purification – ActiSorb Catalyst Series 12

Acidic Catalysts (K-Catalysts) 26

Zeolites 30

Catalysts for the Petrochemical Industry 34

Catalysts for the Production of Chemicals 48

Catalysts for the Oil Refinery Industry 80

Air Purification 102

Reduction of Iron Ore, Production of Towngas, Inert & Support Material 110

Custom Catalysts – À la Carte Catalysts 114

Fuel Cell Technologies 118

Research and Development 122

Service and Performance Guarantees 126

Catalyst Index and Contact Details 130

Content

Introduction IntroductionCreating masterpieces for high performance

Our catalysts are created according to our “performance tech-nology” philosophy. Crafting state-of-the-art catalyst solutions

is like creating a piece of art. Whether it is produced for refining, chemical, petrochemical or environmental solutions, our catalysts

vary in shape, colour and formulations to suit your needs – but they are always avant-garde to offer you the highest performance.

6

Introduction

The History of Süd-Chemie

The Beginning

Süd-Chemie’s initial operations were launched in 1857 by one of the world‘s leading chemists of the time, Justus von Liebig.

The Munich-based company began producing mineral fertilisers in 1906. It subsequently branched out into the chemistry of surface reactions, producing highly active bleaching earth. In 1959, a joint venture with Girdler Catalyst in Louisville, Kentucky, was formed. Production of Girdler catalysts in Germany started in 1961.

Going Global

After 15 years of partnership, Süd-Chemie took over Girdler Catalyst‘s operations in their entirety, including the company‘s share in the Japanese Nissan Girdler Catalyst (NGC).

In 1976, Süd-Chemie acquired the Louisville-based Catalyst and Chemicals Inc. (CCI), including partnerships with CCIL, India and CCIFE, Japan. US Girdler and CCI catalyst operations were then merged to form United Catalyst Inc. (UCI).

In the Asia-Pacific region, production of CCI catalysts for Indonesia has been handled by PT-Kujang – United Catalysts since the mid-eighties. In 1981, African Catalyst started manufacturing oligom-erisation catalysts in Sasolburg, South Africa. Süd-Chemie has been producing zeolite catalysts via Syncat/SC Zeolites in South Africa since 1991.

In 1990, Süd-Chemie purchased Houdry process and catalyst manufacturing technology operations from Air Product and Chemical Inc., USA. The Houdry process is used for dehydrogenation in the production of octane boosters, and for dealkylation in the production of pentene. Today, process technology is handled by ABB Lummus Global Inc.

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In 1997, Süd-Chemie acquired the Italian Montecatini Technology, which was to continue under the new name of Süd-Chemie MT S.r.l. The company‘s catalysts are mainly used for oxychlorination in fluid or fixed-bed operation and in the production of terephthalic acid for PET, resins and polyester fibres.

Süd-Chemie acquired Prototec Inc., USA in 1992, with a view to expanding its operations in the environmental sector. Prototec special-ises in catalysts and equipment for air purification in food preparation and other industries. Today, Süd-Chemie’s environmental solutions include catalysts for virtually all types of air and gas purification.

In 2003, Süd-Chemie acquired Scientific Design, Little Ferry, USA, as part of a joint venture with the major Saudi Arabian manufacturer SABIC. Scientific Design specialises in processes involved in the production of ethylene oxide.

The global identity of all of these companies is reflected in the common name and slogan: Süd-Chemie – Creating Performance Technology®

Introduction

8

Shapes make the Difference

All of Süd-Chemie‘s catalysts are available in a wide variety of different shapes and sizes, so that the user can always select the opti-mum catalytic technology to suit his needs. There are basically two different types of catalyst:

• Precipitated catalysts

• Carrier catalysts

Precipitated catalysts are of identical chemical composition throughout the entire particle, whereas in a carrier catalyst, the active component is impregnated on an inert carrier.

Typical shapes include:

• Tablets

• Rings

• Ribbed rings

• Multiholed rings

• Extrusions

• Pellets

• Spheres

• Monolithic structures

• Saddles

• Foams (ceramic and metallic)

• Wire mesh

• Wall flow filters

• Fibre mats

• Screens

• Flakes

• Granules

• Powder

Introduction

9

Tablets

A variety of tablet sizes can be produced, depending on the catalyst formulation and the intended application. The most common sizes range from 3 x 3 mm to 9 x 9 mm. Most of our tablets are domed, ensuring less dust formation thanks to more stable edges and a more uniform and dense loading.

Smaller tablets generally have greater activity, but a higher pressure drop.

Extrusions

Extrusion is the preferred method for precipitated catalysts. The key types of extrusions are:

• Plain extrusion

• Ribbed extrusion

• TRIAX extrusion

• CDS extrusion

CDS extrusion creates the most sophisticated extruded shape. CDS stands for Computer Designed Shape, and represents an optimum combination of physical strength, activity, poison resistance and pressure drop. For this reason, Süd-Chemie offers a wide range of catalysts in this shape.

Introduction

10

Rings

Rings are the ideal shape for carrier catalysts. The carrier is a strong inert material in a wide variety of ring shapes, such as:

• Raschig ring

• Ribbed ring (RR)

• 3-holed ring (THS)

• 6-holed ring (gutling gun, GG)

• 10-holed ring (low differential pressure, LDP shape)

• Spoked-wheel (EW shape)

Spheres

Spherical catalysts can include both palletised and tabletted, precipi-tated and carrier catalysts. They can be as small as 1 mm and as large as 75 mm.

Honeycombs and Foams

Where an application is sensitive to pressure drop, as is the case for ambient pressure operations, or where a high space velocity is needed, honeycombs and foams - whether ceramic or metallic - are the optimum shape.

Honeycombs and similar shapes form the basis of almost all catalysts used for air purification and for the reformer upstream of fuel cells.

Introduction

11

Other Shapes

Some catalysts are available in the form of flakes or irregular granules. For application in a fluidised bed or in liquid phase, powder is the ideal shape.

Please note that the shapes and sizes listed in this catalogue represent the standard for the respective product. Please contact our sales division for information on non-standard dimensions.

Reduced and Stabilised Catalysts

Most catalysts consist of one or more metal oxides. Most of Süd-Chemie’s catalysts can be supplied in any of the following formats:

• oxidic

• reduced and dry stabilised (RS version)

• reduced and submerged in an organic liquid (R version)

The RS and R versions are safe to transport and ready to use with only a short start-up time.

Introduction

IntroductionFeed PurificationPure and clear

Just like old master pieces – brilliance and clarity come from the finest and purest selection of materials. Just like your feeds – only

with Süd-Chemie catalysts will you be able to create the value-added position resulting from high performance products.

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Thi

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CO

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H2S

Org

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Chl

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Org

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Flu

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HF

Hea

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etal

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PH

3

Sili

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Org

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ActiSorb® S • • • •

ActiSorb® CI • •

ActiSorb® F • •

ActiSorb® Hg •

ActiSorb® 300 • •

ActiSorb® Si •

ActiSorb® O •

ActiSorb® N • • •

Tonsil® APT-N • • •

G-92D •

ActiSorb® Catalyst Series

Süd-Chemie developed the ActiSorb® series of catalysts and adsorbents for the purification of almost all hydrocarbon feedstocks. This purification is normally a combination of a reaction using a pre-treatment catalyst, i.e. hydrogenation, followed by adsorption with the ActiSorb® adsorbent.

The following table gives a general overview of the different families of ActiSorb® materials.

Feed Purification

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15

Feed Purification

Sulphur Removal

Sulphur in the form of organic compounds can be removed either as such or by hydrogenation to H2S followed by adsorption of the latter.

The ActiSorb® S 7 catalyst is recommended for the removal of H2S, mercaptans, disulphides and thiophens in hydrocarbon feedstreams, ranging from naphtha to middle distillates. The achieved purity is less than 0.1 ppm wt. sulphur.

ActiSorb® S 7

Nominal Content [wt.%]

NiO 66

Binder Balance

Shape CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

Hydrodesulphurisation

The standard catalysts for the hydrogenation of organic sulphur compounds in hydrocarbon feedstocks are the cobalt-molybdenum-type catalysts from the HDMax 200 series. These catalysts are used in both liquid and gas phase for all types of hydrocarbons, such as naphtha, LPG, natural gas and off-gases. For the hydrogenation of organic nitrogen compounds and/or olefin saturation, our nickel-molybdenum-based HDMax 310 catalyst is recommended.

HDMax 200 HDMax 310


CoO 3 – 5 -

NiO - 3 – 6

MoO3 13 – 21 10 – 25

Al2O3 Balance Balance

ShapeCDS Extrusions

TRIAX ExtrusionsCDS Extrusions

TRIAX Extrusions

Size [mm] 2.5 – 3 2.5 – 3

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H2S Removal

The ActiSorb® S series of ZnO based adsorbents is used for the removal of sulphur components such as hydrogen sulphide, mer-captans and COS from hydrocarbon feedstreams. ActiSorb® S 2 is the perfect solution when operating at high space velocities and elevated temperatures, while ActiSorb® S 3 is recommended in applications with lower space velocities and higher inlet sulphur concentrations. The maximum bulk density catalyst ActiSorb® S 1 is ideal in applications where the feed contains high inlet sulphur concentrations, and where maximum sulphur pick-up per loaded unit volume is required.

ActiSorb® S 1 ActiSorb® S 2 ActiSorb® S 3


ZnO 100 90 90

Al2O3 - Balance Balance

Shape Extrusions Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 4.5 4.5 4.5

In some cases, it is necessary to remove the sulphur to a level below 10 ppb H2S. ActiSorb® S 6, a copper-promoted zinc oxide, is placed in the bottom of the standard zinc oxide reactor and removes the remaining H2S to a value < 10 ppb H2S under a wide range of operating conditions.

ActiSorb® S 6


CuO Proprietary

ZnO Proprietary

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3

Feed Purification

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Desulphurisation of natural gas and light hydrocarbon feedstocks is also possible under ambient conditions using activated carbon. G-32J is coconut-shell-based and promoted with copper oxide. It should be noted that propane and C4+ hydrocarbons are absorbed by the activated carbon, thereby minimising the sulphur pickup capa-bility of G-32J.

G-32J


CuO 6

Activated Carbon Balance

Shape Granules

Size [mm] 1 – 5 and 0.5 – 1

Purification of natural gas containing low concentrations of total sulphur can also be performed by ActiSorb® G 1, a promoted ZnO catalyst. Simultaneous hydrodesulphurisation and H2S pick-up is a feature unique to ActiSorb® G 1. Even when saturated, the ActiSorb® G 1 catalyst fully retains its hydrogenation capabilities.

ActiSorb® G 1


CuO 1.5

MoO3 3.5

ZnO + Binder Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 4.5

Feed Purification

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Feed Purification

COS Hydrolysis

The ActiSorb® 410 catalyst selectively promotes the simultaneous hydrolysis of COS and hydrogenation of CS2. HCN is also hydrolysed. The high selectivity of ActiSorb® 410 means that process gases with very high CO concentrations can be treated.

The feed to the COS hydrolysis reactor usually contains nickel and iron carbonyls. These carbonyls decompose on the ActiSorb® 410 catalyst into CO and the respective metals, leading to deactivation of the ActiSorb® 410 catalyst. It is therefore necessary to install a guard reactor with ActiSorb® 400 to decompose any traces of metal carbonyls selectively on the guard catalyst.

ActiSorb® 400 ActiSorb® 410


Cr2O3 - 11

K2O - 6

AI2O3 16 Balance

SiO2 Balance -

Shape Spheres Tablets

Size [mm] 5 4.5 x 4.5

COS and Arsine Removal

Refinery feeds and C3 streams from steam crackers often contain both COS and AsH3, and sometimes PH3 traces. CuO catalysts such as ActiSorb® 300 and ActiSorb® 310 are currently used with great suc-cess, mainly to purify propylene. Absorption of poisons can be accom-plished in either the gas or liquid phase. The product purity achieved is normally below the detectable limit. As a result, the selective hydro-genation catalyst installed downstream is perfectly protected and can pursue its basic activity and selectivity.

The consumption of polymerisation catalysts is drastically reduced with a poison guard. Feed polishing prior to polymerisation is therefore extremely valuable for downstream operations.

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Feed Purification

ActiSorb® 300 ActiSorb® 301 ActiSorb® 310


CuO 41 53 16

ZnO 41 27 -

MnO2 - - 25

AI2O3 Balance Balance Balance

Shape Tablets Extrusions CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 4.8 x 3.2 3 1.5

Chlorine Removal

Süd-Chemie offers a range of adsorbents for the removal of HCl, ammonium chlorides and organic chlorine compounds, depending on the hydrocarbon feedstock and operating conditions. ActiSorb® Cl 2 and ActiSorb® Cl 6 are used for liquid phase applica-tions, while ActiSorb® Cl 2 and ActiSorb® Cl 3 adsorbents are recom-mended in the gas phase.

ActiSorb® CI 2 ActiSorb® CI 3 ActiSorb® CI 6


Na2O 7 - -

ZnO - 40 48

Promoter - 40 25

Binder - Balance Balance

AI2O3 Balance - -

Shape Spheres Pellets CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 3 – 5 4.8 1.5

Fluorine Removal

ActiSorb® F adsorbs organic fluorine compounds and HF in hydrocarbon feedstocks.

ActiSorb® F


Na2O 0.3

AI2O3 Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

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Feed Purification

Metal Removal

Mercury Removal

The catalysts of the ActiSorb® Hg series absorb traces of mercury from all types of feed to non-detectable levels. ActiSorb® Hg catalysts are used for Hg removal from:

• Natural gas

• LPG

• Mercury – ore – furnace gas

• Incinerator vent gas

• Vent streams from laboratories

• Off-gases in manufacture of electrical devices and operation of power plants

The ActiSorb® Hg 1 catalysts are extremely effective in removing Hg in chlorine plants, and purifying hydrogen given off as a by-product in sodium amalgam decomposition and cell room ventilation air.

ActiSorb® Hg 1 ActiSorb® Hg 2


S 10 15

Activated Carbon Balance Balance

Shape Granules Granules

ActiSorb® Hg 5


Ag 6

AI2O3 Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 2 – 4

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Feed Purification

Silica Removal

ActiSorb® Si is a specially promoted alumina which is designed to remove silicon-based antifoaming agents from hydrocarbon feeds.

ActiSorb® Si


Na2O 0.3

AI2O3 Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

CO Removal

Various feed-streams contain CO in concentrations of several ppm up to one percent, which has to be removed to levels below 10 ppb. The type of catalyst is chosen according to the feed, e.g. Ni catalysts to methanate CO in hydrogen streams and CuO-catalysts to remove CO from ethylene and nitrogen by adsorption or by catalytic reaction with addition of air/oxygen.

Removal of CO from Hydrogen

In steam cracker plants, the hydrogen typically contains 0.2 - 1% vol. CO, but no CO2. Ideally, CO-methanation should be carried out at the lowest possible temperature. To accomplish this task, we provide an Ru-catalyst for operating temperatures of approximately 170 °C and Ni-catalysts, which must be operated above 200° C to avoid Ni-carbonyl formation.

METH 134 METH 150


NiO 25 -

Ru - 0.3

Support Balance Balance


Size [mm] 3 – 6 4.5 x 4.5

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Feed Purification

Removal of CO from Ethylene

The CuO/ZnO catalyst PolyMax 301 removes CO from polymer grade ethylene both completely and successfully. The tolerable remaining CO level in the ethylene is determined by the polymerisation catalyst applied in the various processes. This purification process is cyclic and re-oxidation of the catalyst is necessary.

PolyMax 301


CuO 30

Support Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3

Removal of CO from Nitrogen

CO can be removed from nitrogen using CuO catalysts such as PolyMax 301. Absorptive removal requires periodic re-oxidation of the catalyst, giving a typical scenario of cyclic operation with two catalyst beds. Successful operation requires a well-controlled addition of air for reaction across the reduced catalyst.

Oxygen Removal

Removal of Oxygen from Ethylene

Reduced copper catalysts are used successfully in order to remove trace oxygen from ethylene. The most suitable catalyst can be chosen in line with the required purity and temperature level. PolyMax 301 is the standard product, serving most applications.

PolyMax 301


CuO 30

Support Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3

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Feed Purification

Removal of Oxygen from Propylene

The following are recommended for trace oxygen removal from propylene streams in the presence of a slight over-stoichiometric quantity of hydrogen: ActiSorb® O 2 for gas phase operation, and OleMax 350 for liquid phase.

ActiSorb® O 2 OleMax 350


Pd 0.15 0.3

AI2O3 Balance Balance

Shape Spheres CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 3 – 5 1.5

Removal of Oxygen from Isomerates

Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) is used in downstream processing of Penex isomerisation units. It is typically removed by means of a water wash. Süd-Chemie developed the highly porous ActiSorb® O 1 for the removal of TEG in fixed-bed operation. ActiSorb® O 1 sustains its adsorption capacity even after repeated regeneration.

ActiSorb® O 1


Promoter Proprietary

AI2O3 -

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

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Feed Purification

Nitrogen Removal

Süd-Chemie produces ActiSorb® N 1 for the removal of NH3 and basic organic nitrogen compounds from hydrocarbon streams.

ActiSorb® N 1


H3PO4 Proprietary

Support Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

Modern liquid-phase alkylation catalysts of the zeolite type are very sensitive to basic compounds such as nitrogen compounds. As benzene is mainly produced by solvent extraction using N-methylpyro-lidone (NMP) and N-formylmorphylane (NFM), it may contain nitrogen in a range of between 0.1 – 1.0 ppm. Even such low concentrations of nitrogen can effectively be removed using our special Tonsil® granular products.

Tonsil® APT-N Tonsil® CO-N


Alumosilicate 100 100

Shape Extrudates Granules

Size [mm] 2 – 4 0.25 – 1.0

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Feed Purification

Water Removal

G-92D is a specially promoted alumina product which is designed to remove polar components, like alcohols and water, from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

G-92D



AI2O3 Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

Ammonia Dissociation

NH3 is an undesirable component often present in off-gases. To reduce environmental emissions, it is typically dissociated at high temperatures to yield N2 and H2. Due to the extreme temperatures, the application requires a very rugged catalyst.

The ReforMax® 117 nickel on MgO carrier catalyst is supplied in an enhanced surface area ribbed ring for maximum activity.

ReforMax® 117


NiO 6

AI2O3 Balance

Shape Ribbed Rings

Size [mm] 30 x 28 x 11

IntroductionAcidic Catalysts(K-Catalysts)

The art of packaging

Light dancing around the blossom, transparent and well protected: a work of art, or only a flower for the host? What is

certain is that illustriously effective cellophane can be especially efficiently produced with specialised K-Catalysts from

Süd-Chemie. As can many other products. Discover the possibilities!

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Acidic Catalysts

The “K-catalyst” product family is based on the naturally occurring mineral montmorillonite, which is acid-activated to produce the various different K-catalysts. The resulting products are characterised by different acidities, cation exchange capacities and porosities.

Product Description

Our proprietary production procedures result in products with high Brönsted acidity:

• KSF

• KSF/O

• KP 10

or high Lewis acidity:

• K 5

• K 10

• K 20

• K 30

• K 40

Acidic Catalysts

Our broad portfolio of K-Catalysts allows the opportunity to optimise process efficiencies through distinct pore structures, surface areas and acidities. K-Catalysts are all available as powder, and some as granules.

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Acidic Catalysts

Applications of K-Catalysts

The following table provides help in selecting the right K-catalyst for various different applications.

Application Catalyst

Alkylation/Acylation K 5, K40, K 10, K 2

Esterification/Etherification KSF, KP 10, KSF/O, K 10

Rearrangements/Isomerisations K 20, K 30, KP10, KSF/O

Catalyst support material K 10, K 20, K 30

Polymerisations/Dimerisations KP 10, K 5, K 10

The K-Catalyst exhibits distinct pore structures, surface areas and acidities and hence shows different reactivity and selectivity to various organic reactions.

Therefore our broad portfolio of K-Catalysts offers the opportunity to optimise process efficiencies.

IntroductionZeolitesLight and elegant

What do zeolite catalysts have to do with fashion? They transform valuable raw materials like methanol into

polypropylene. Young designers develop textile fibres out of these, that are lighter, more robust and breathable than

all previous materials. Welcome to the future!

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Zeolites

Product Description

Süd-Chemie’s zeolite manufacturing program can basically be broken down into the following types:

• Zeolite Pentasil (MFI)

• Zeolite Mordenite (MOR)

• Zeolite Beta (BEA)

• Custom zeolites

Pentasil MFI Mordenite MOR Beta BEA

SiO2/AI2O3 ratio 20 - 500 10 - 200 25 - 250

Surface Area [m2/g] > 300 > 300 > 500

Chemical Form Na, NH4, H Na, NH4, H Na, NH4, H

ShapePowderGranules

Extrusions

PowderGranules

Extrusions

PowderGranules

Extrusions

Zeolite Pentasil is made up of a orthorhombic crystal structure with straight 10-membered ring channels (0.53 x 0.55 nm). These are connected by sinusoidal channels (0.51 x 0.55 nm).

Zeolite Mordenite has an orthorhombic crystal structure with straight 12-membered ring channels (0.65 x 0.70 nm) and crossed 8-membered ring channels (0.28 x 0.57 nm).

Zeolite Beta has a tetragonal crystal structure with straight 12-membered ring channels (0.66 x 0.67 nm) and crossed 12-membered ring channels (0.56 x 0.56 nm).

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Zeolites

Applications of Zeolite Catalysts

Zeolite-based catalysts are used in a huge number of applications. These include the following, among many others:

• Isomerisation of C5/C6 paraffins

• Isomerisation of waxes and lube oils

• Xylene isomerisation

• Toluene disproportionation

• Shape-selective hydrocracking reactions such as catalytic dewaxing of middle distillates

• Conversion of olefins to petrol and diesel

• Conversion of methanol to petrol

• Conversion of methanol to propylene

• NOx removal

• N2O removal

• VOC removal

• Isomerisation of dichlorbenzenes

• Alkylation of benzene

• Transalkylation of C9+ aromatics

• Selective methylamine synthesis

• Organic rearrangement reactions

The zeolite catalysts for these reactions are described in the respective chapters.

IntroductionCatalysts for Petrochemical Industry

Safeguarding your value position

Art needs to be protected – so does your value position. Just like corner guards made of polystyrene. A material for the

production of which catalyst solutions from Süd-Chemie are the first choice. Because they efficiently and cost-effectively transform

petrochemical raw materials such as styrene and benzene, with minimal impact to the environment – for your benefit.

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Petrochemical Industry

BTX Chemistry

Ethylbenzene Production

The EBUF® catalyst is the fruit of a joint development between Süd-Chemie and a major oil company. It is the optimum catalyst for vapour phase alkylation units, as it greatly reduces by-product formation in terms of xylenes and PEBs, thereby improving the overall cost efficiency of styrene production.

EBUF® is also available in CDS extrusions for maximum throughput at low pressure drop.

EBUF®-1 EBUF®-2


Zeolite MFI MFI

Shape Extrusions CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 2.5

Toluene Disproportionation and C9A+ Transalkylation

TDP-1 emerged as the result of cooperation with a major oil and petrochemicals company, where TDP-1 has demonstrated its clear superiority over traditional catalysts, e. g. in terms of a short break-in period after start-up to obtain full performance. TDP-1 is also success-fully used in commercial operation for transalkylation of C9+ aromatics, based on its high xylene yields and transalkylation activity at very high levels of C9A+ in the feed.

TDP-1


Zeolite MOR

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

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Xylene Isomerisation

Today’s xylene isomerisation processes reflect two different strategies in terms of ethylbenzene co-processing: dealkylation to benzene and light gases versus isomerisation to xylenes, with the dealkylation proc-ess being generally accepted because of its greater cost efficiency.

Our range includes ISOXYL catalysts for all possible dealkylation proc-esses. This family of isomerisation catalysts boasts maximum activity and minimum xylene losses, regardless of the user‘s preferences in terms of process type.

ISOXYL



Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

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High Purity Aromatics

Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are typically produced by distillation and/or solvent extraction processes from reformate streams. The vari-ous raw aromatic compounds contain small amounts of olefins, which are removed effectively thanks to Süd-Chemie’s clay treatment tech-nology using the Tonsil® CO family. We can provide tailored qualities to treat extracted benzene, toluene, xylene and mixed aromatics. The extruded products of the Tonsil® APT family significantly improve handling properties and cost performance.

The following table outlines product recommendations for the treatment of BTX streams:

Tonsil® CO 6x6 G

Tonsil® CO 6x6 GS

Tonsil® CO 6x0 G

Application Benzene/TolueneMixed Xylenes

C8/C9+ AromaticsXylene Isomerisa-

tion Recycle


Alumosilicates 100 100 100

Shape Granules Granules Granules

Size [mm] 0.25 – 1.0 0.25 – 1.0 0.25 – 1.0

Tonsil® APT - BT Tonsil® APT - mX Tonsil® APT - pX

Application Benzene/TolueneMixed Xylenes

C8/C9+ AromaticsXylene Isomerisa-

tion Recycle


Alumosilicates 100 100 100

Shape Extrusions Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 3 – 5 3 – 5 3 – 5


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Styrene Production

The majority of styrene produced in the world today is made by dehy-drogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) using one of a family of Süd-Chemie STYROMAX® catalysts. These include the following:

STYROMAX® 3 Still the most widely used catalyst in the Ameri-can and European markets. It is very physically rugged and has demonstrated run-lengths of longer than 42 months. STYROMAX® 3 offers an excellent balance of activity and selectivity, while being extremely cost-effective. It can be used at steam/oil levels down as far as 1.15 wt./wt.

STYROMAX® 5 Widely used in Asia, STYROMAX® 5 is very similar to STYROMAX® 3 in terms of perform-ance. It can also be used at all steam/oil levels above 1.15.

STYROMAX® Plus 5 More active and more selective than STYROMAX® 5, this is the most common catalyst in use in Asia. STYROMAX® Plus 5 is commercially tried and tested at steam/oil levels down as far as 1.15 wt./wt. It offers the best combination of selectivity and activity available in the world today.

STYROMAX® 6 Essentially the same performance as STYROMAX® Plus 5. It is physically stronger than STYROMAX® 3 and features an exception-ally low attrition rate. It can also be used at all steam/oil levels above 1.15.

STYROMAX® 7 State-of-the-art catalyst for ultra-low steam/oil operation. Has been extensively tested in adiabatic pilot plants at steam ratios as low a 0.9 wt./wt.

All STYROMAX® catalysts are available in various different sizes and shapes. Standard sizes are 3.0 mm smooth extrusion, 3.5 and 4.5 mm patented ribbed extrusions. Custom sizes and shapes are available upon request.


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Phenylacetylene Hydrogenation

Small quantities of phenylacetylene are formed over iron oxide based ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalysts. These can have a negative effect on certain styrene polymerisation processes.

Phenylacetylene is hydrogenated over catalyst HDMax PA to styrene at a very high selectivity in the liquid phase.

HDMax PA


Pd 0.3

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 2 – 4

Cumene Synthesis

The phosphoric acid on kieselguhr catalyst PolyMax 131 has been successfully used for decades to alkylate benzene with propylene to form cumene. This catalyst is capable of working under a wide range of different operating conditions, depending on feedstock type and plant design. PolyMax 131 is manufactured in a strong extruded shape which gives it greatly increased resistance to attrition losses.

PolyMax 131


Short Acid as P2O5 19

Total Acid as P2O5 65

Shape Pellets

Size [mm] 6 – 7

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Alkane Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

These catalysts are offered for use in Houdry® Catofin® process plants licensed by ABB Lummus Global Inc.

The composition of these catalysts is proprietary.

Dehydrogenation catalysts

Propane to propylene HOUDRY® CATOFIN® and CATOFIN® PS

i-butane to i-butylene HOUDRY® CATOFIN® ES (Extended Stability)

HOUDRY® CATOFIN® HY (High Yield)

n-butane to butadiene HOUDRY® CATADIENE®

i-pentane to isoprene HOUDRY® CATADIENE®

Dealkylation catalysts

Pyrolysis petrol to benzene HOUDRY® PYROTOL®

Coke oven light oil to benzene HOUDRY® LITOL®

Toluene to benzene HOUDRY® DETOL®

Steam Cracker Plants

Catalytic selective hydrogenation of acetylenes and dienes in the presence of olefins represents standard procedure for purifying olefin streams in steam cracker plants . High selectivity is required to gain olefins from the hydrogenated acetylenes and dienes while achieving high purity products.

Olefin streams to be catalytically purified may be broken down into:

Front-end systems with C2 gases up to raw gas also containing hy-drogen, methane, CO and sometimes sulphur

Tail-end systems with concentrated ethylene/ethane mixtures and propylene/propane mixtures

C4 and C5 cuts may be selectively hydrogenated or, alternatively, completely saturated. Hydroprocessing of aromatic concentrates such as pyrolysis gasoline or dripolene is also possible.

42


Front-End Hydrogenation

Sulphur-free Gases

The OleMax 250 family of front-end hydrogenation catalysts is characterised by high selectivity in the hydrogenation of acetylenes and dienes in raw olefin, C3-minus and C2-minus streams. These catalysts are suitable for use in isothermal tubular reactors as well as for adiabatic beds. They are regenerated either by steam/air treatment in situ or with air ex situ.

OleMax 251 is the ideal choice for streams with low and/or fluctuating CO levels. New versions of OleMax 250 series are under development and soon to be introduced to the industry.

OleMax 250 (G-83 A)

OleMax 251 (G-83 C)


Pd 0.018 0.018

Promoter - 0.05


Shape Tablets Tablets

Size [mm] 4 x 4 4 x 4

Sulphur-bearing Gases

Catalysts in the OleMax 100 family selectively hydrogenate acetylenes and dienes in sulphur-bearing cracked gas streams. Selection from among the following types depends on the expected sulphur content of the gas stream and on plant design conditions. OleMax 100 types are resistant to deactivation by traces of heavy metals often found in these streams.

OleMax 101 OleMax 102 OleMax 103


NiO 2.6 1.3 0.6

Multi-Promoter 1 – 2 1 – 2 1 – 2

SiO2-Al2O3 Balance Balance Balance

Shape Spheres Spheres Spheres

Size [mm] 8 8 8

43


C2 Tail-End Hydrogenation

Acetylene hydrogenation in an ethylene/ethane stream is performed with almost stoichiometric addition of hydrogen. The Ag-promoted OleMax 200 family catalysts ensure outstanding performance, com-bining high ethylene gain with long cycles, even in plants with high- severity cracking. The product purity achieved is typically below 0.3 ppm acetylene. In-situ steam/air treatment is the preferred way of regenerating the catalysts.

OleMax 201 (G-58 C)

OleMax 203(G-58 D)

OleMax 204(G-58 E)


Pd 0.03 0.018 0.047

Ag 0.18 0.05 0.28

Al2O3 Balance Balance Balance

Shape Spheres Tablets Spheres

Size [mm] 2 – 4 4 x 4 3 – 5

C3 Tail-End “Gas Phase” Hydrogenation

The conventional method for the removal of methylacetylene and propadiene (MAPD) from propylene/propane streams is selective hydrogenation over a Pd based catalyst from the OleMax 300 family. The aim is to increase the propylene concentration and to decrease MAPD to below 10 ppm. Typically, purification is performed with a molar ratio of hydrogen to MAPD of between 1:1 and maximum 1.5:1.

The Pd-catalysts are regenerable with steam/air in situ.

OleMax 301(C31-1-01)

OleMax 302(G-55 B)


Pd 0.03 0.03

Promoter - Proprietary


Shape Spheres Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5 3 – 5

44


C3 Tail-End “Liquid Phase” Hydrogenation

It is common practice in steam cracker plants to hydrogenate the higher olefin streams selectively in liquid phase by means of Pd cata-lysts with a Pd content of 0.1 – 1.0 wt.%, where gas phase hydrogen-ation catalysts typically consist of Pd on alumina in a concentration of only 0.01 – 0.1 wt.% palladium. The temperature range applied varies from 10 – 200° C depending on the carbon number and the pressure of the olefin stream. For C3 cut hydrogenation, the aim is to selectively hydrogenate up to 7% methylacetylene and propadiene in a propylene stream with an increase in propylene and suppression of by-product formation.

OleMax 350 (G-68 HX)

OleMax 353


Pd 0.3 0.22

Promoter - -


Shape CDS Extrusions CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

OleMax 350 is the proven catalyst for liquid phase MAPD processes. Using proprietary new techniques to control Pd dispersion irrespective of carrier type, OleMax 350 is significantly more active and more selec-tive than the industry benchmark catalyst without requiring promoters.

C4 Cut Hydrogenation

The steam cracker C4 cut consists of approximately 50 wt.% 1.3-butadiene and 1 wt.% acetylenes in a mixture of butenes and butanes. Purification of this stream necessitates several hydrogenation steps depending upon the further use of the stream.

45


Vinylacetylene Hydrogenation

The crude C4 stream typically contains 0.5 – 2 wt.% vinylacetylene and ethylacetylene. These components can drastically impact the efficiency of the butadiene extraction solvent system.

OleMax 400 (G-68 G)

OleMax 353


Pd 0.2 0.22



Size [mm] 2 – 4 1.5

Selective Butadiene Hydrogenation

OleMax 452 is used for butadiene hydrogenation in combination with high butene-1 to butene-2 isomerisation activity. G-68E is used when low isomerisation is required. G-58A hydrogenates 1.3-butadiene with no butene-1 isomerisation and no butene-1 loss.

OleMax 452 (T-2464 B)


Pd 0.5

Al2O3 Balance


Size [mm] 1.5

46


C4/C5 Cut Total Hydrogenation

Total saturation of C4 and/or C5 streams is carried out over the Pd-based catalyst OleMax 450.

OleMax 450 (G-68 C)

OleMax 452 (T-2464 B)


Pd 0.3 0.5

Pt - -



Size [mm] 2 – 4 1.5

Hydrogenation of Pyrolysis Gasoline

First Stage Diene Hydrogenation

OleMax 600 and OleMax 601 are used in the first-stage hydrogena-tion of the pyrolysis gasoline treatment unit to hydrogenate the dienes selectively. For high-severity cases, OleMax 601 catalyst is the ideal type. For OleMax 600, a newly enhanced spherical carrier significantly improves both catalyst activity and physical durability. These Pd catalysts can be regenerated by in-situ steam/air treatment or hot hydrogen stripping.

OleMax 600 (G-68 C)

OleMax 601 (G-68 C-1)


Pd 0.3 0.4



Size [mm] 2 – 4 1.2 – 2.8

47


Second-stage Olefin Hydrogenation and Sulphur Conversion

Second-stage hydrogenation in commercial pyrolysis gasoline units often utilises a mixed catalyst loading. Typically, the reactor loading consists of:

Top 30% NiMo catalyst OleMax 807

Bottom 70% CoMo catalyst OleMax 806

OleMax 807 is the active for olefin saturation and conversion of organic nitrogen compounds, whereas OleMax 806 converts organic sulphur compounds such as thiophenes, disulphides and mercap-tanes to below 1 ppm.

OleMax 807 (C20-7-06)

OleMax 806 (C20-6-04)


NiO 5.0 -

CoO - 5.0

MoO3 20.0 20.0


Shape CDS Extrusions CDS Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

Conversion of Methanol to Propylene (MTP)

The possibility of producing methanol in large quantities by means of processes such as LurgiMegaMethanol means that this chemical can be used as a raw material for olefin production. The MTPROP® catalyst converts methanol to propylene in the presence of steam. The highly selective catalyst favours the formation of propylene. By-products are gasoline with a high RON number, LPG and fuel gas.

MTPROP®


Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

IntroductionCatalysts for theProduction of Chemicals

A masterpiece only really shines in candlelight

To ensure it stays that way, Süd-Chemie develops and produces catalysts for wax production among other applications. We offer a wide variety of products in the syngas and speciality chemical

sector at the highest quality.

50

Production of Chemicals

Süd-Chemie supplies catalysts for intermediates in the wide-ranging field of performance chemicals. Süd-Chemie produces catalysts for alcohols and manufactures resins, rosins and waxes. It also covers catalysts for caprolactam and nylon products, the catalysts for natu-ral and related products such as vitamins and fragrances, as well as oxidation catalysts. Furthermore all relevant synthesis gas catalysts are covered for the production of ammonia, methanol, carbon monoxide and hydrogen for a variety of applications. Most of the catalysts mentioned in this section are available in the oxidic form als well as in the pre-reduced and stabilised (RS) form.

Production of Ammonia and Methanol

The production of ammonia or methanol involves the use of several key unit operations for which Süd-Chemie supplies catalysts.

These are:

• Feedstock purification

• Prereforming

• Steam reforming

• Secondary reforming

• Autothermal reforming

• CO conversion

• Methanation

• Ammonia synthesis

• Methanol synthesis

51


Prereforming

A prereformer is an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor upstream of the primary reformer. It allows increased flexibility in the choice of feed-stock, increased lifetime of the steam reforming catalyst and tubes, and the option of increasing the overall plant capacity. Furthermore it allows an operation at lower steam/carbon ratios. ReforMax® 100 is a prereforming catalyst designed to handle the entire range of hydrocarbon feedstocks from natural gas up to and including LPGs and naphthas.

ReforMax® 100


NiO 56

Support and Promoter Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5

Steam Reforming

Selection of the optimum catalyst depends on several factors, includ-ing furnace design, severity of service, and the type of hydrocarbon processed. Our standard catalysts are shown in the table below.

ReforMax® 330 LDP

ReforMax® 210 LDP

ReforMax® 250

Typical feed NG NG/LPG Naphtha


NiO 14 18 25

K2O - 1.6 8.5

Carrier CaAl12O19 CaK2Al22O34 Calciumaluminate

Shape 10 Holed Ring 10 Holed Ring Multiholed Ring

Size [mm] 19 x 16 19 x 12 16 x 16

52


Secondary Reforming

The optimum catalyst for an air-blown secondary reformer depends on the design of the burner and the distance between burner tip and top catalyst layer. If hexagonal target bricks are not used, we recom-mend installation of a top layer of ReforMax® 400 GG to serve as an active heat shield. This material is also ideal for a bottom active support layer where extreme short loadings are required and/or high purity inert supports have been used in the past. ReforMax® 400 LDP catalyst is used for the bulk of the reactor loading.

ReforMax® 400 GG ReforMax® 400 LDP


NiO 12 12

Carrier α-Al2O3 CaAl12O19

Shape 6 Holed Ring 10 Holed Ring

Size [mm] 32 x 17 19 x 16

Autothermal Reforming

Oxygen-blown autothermal reformers require a mixed loading of catalysts, comprising an active heat shield and a reforming catalyst of excellent physical stability and thermoshock resistance. The standard catalyst loading is approx. 5 – 10% of ReforMax® 420 on top of ReforMax® 330 LDP catalyst.

ReforMax® 420 ReforMax® 330 LDP


NiO 8 14

Carrier α-Al2O3 CaAl12O19

Shape Extrusions 10 Holed Ring

Size [mm] 30 19 x 16

53


CO Conversion

Most ammonia plants convert CO to CO2 by high-temperature CO conversion followed by low-temperature CO conversion. For special process design, it can be advantageous to combine these two steps to form one isothermal or adiabatic step called „medium-temperature CO conversion“ (MTS).

High-temperature CO Conversion

The HTS catalyst ShiftMax® 120 combines high activity with extremely good physical robustness. In addition, this catalyst is very effective in preventing Fischer-Tropsch by-product formation when operating at low steam conditions.

ShiftMax® 120


Fe2O3 80

Cr2O3 8.5

CuO 2

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 6

54


Low-temperature CO Conversion

The LTS catalysts ShiftMax® 230 and 240 are next-generation prod-ucts that offer unparalleled activity for water-gas shift, resulting in higher CO conversion for longer life, enhanced resistance to poisons, and exellent physical strength. The promoter in ShiftMax® 240 sup-presses the formation of methanol by more than 95% compared to standard LTS catalysts.

ShiftMax® 230 ShiftMax® 240


CuO 58 57

ZnO 31 31

Al2O3 11 11

Promoter - 1


Size [mm] 4.8 x 3.2 4.8 x 3.2

Methanation

Depending on the severity and product purity requirements of the application, Süd-Chemie supplies two different types of methanation catalysts.

METH 134 consists of alumina supported NiO. For extremely low- temperature applications, i.e. T < 170° C, Süd-Chemie provides METH 150, a catalyst made up of ruthenium on alumina.

METH 134 METH 150


NiO 25 -

Ru - 0.3



Size [mm] 3 – 6 4.5 x 4.5

55


Ammonia Synthesis

AmoMax 10 is a wustite-based ammonia synthesis catalyst that features significantly higher activity than magnetite-based catalysts.This high activity level is also evident at low operating temperatures, allowing improved conversion at thermodynamically more favorable conditions. AmoMax 10 is available in oxide and pre-reduced, stabilised form.

AmoMax 10


Fe -

FeO 98

Promoter Balance

Shape Granules

Size [mm] -

Methanol Synthesis

For the synthesis of methanol from carbon oxides and hydrogen, Süd-Chemie produces the MegaMax® 700 catalyst, which is used in isothermal reactors (Lurgi-type) and all other plant designs, such as adiabatic quench type reactors. MegaMax® 700 has extremely good low-temperature activity, which allows it to be operated at more thermodynamically favorable conditions. This catalyst also has excellent selectivity, even with high CO-content feed gas.

MegaMax® 700


CuO Proprietary

ZnO Proprietary

Al2O3 Proprietary

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 4

56


Methanol Reforming

Hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be produced by means of steam-reforming of methanol, which is performed with ReforMax® M.

ReforMax® M


CuO 66

ZnO 23

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 4

Production of Sulphuric Acid

The conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide is the catalytic step in the production of sulphuric acid. Süd-Chemie‘s C116 series encompasses catalysts featuring different formulations and innovative shapes, covering all operating conditions in the sulphuric acid process.

C116 C116 HV C116 CS


V2O5 6.5 – 7.5 7.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 7.5

K2O 9.5 – 11.0 10.0 – 11.5 Proprietary

Shape Ribbed Rings/Extrusions

Size [mm] 9

57

Production of Alcohols

Oxo Alcohols

Oxo alcohol process chains typically start with the fine-cleaning of short chain olefins like propene or the desulphurisation of C7 to C11 olefins for higher alcohols. They include the hydrogenation step from crude aldehyde to alcohol and generally finish with fine-cleaning, which reduces the carbonyl value of the finished alcohol to a certain specified level.

The following catalysts are available for hydrogenation:

G-22 SeriesG-22 G-22/2


CuO 41 47

Cr2O3 43 34

BaO 12 6

SiO2 - Balance

Shape Tablets Tablets/Powder

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5 4.5 x 4.5

G-99 Series G-99B-0 G-99C-0


CuO 47 47

Cr2O3 46 46

MnO2 4 4

BaO 2 2


Size [mm] 3 x 3 5 x 3


58


T-2130 A copper zinc oxide catalyst, entirely Cr-free, which is used in the hydrogenation of butyraldehyde and 2-ethyl-hexenal.

T-2130


CuO 33

ZnO 66

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3

T-4489 A Cr-free, copper- and alumina-based hydrogenation catalyst for gas phase hydrogenations of oxo aldehydes. High acid stability comparable to standard copper chromites.

T-4489


CuO 56

MnO2 10

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3

T-4361This promoted nickel on silica catalyst offers high selectivity. It is usually applied in specific trickle phase oxo aldehyde hydrogenation processes.

T-4361


NiO 68

CuO 3

Support Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 5 x 3

59


G-134 The G-134 catalyst series are extruded nickel catalysts with a high sur-face area and mixed silica and alumina support. Their rugged physical properties means that these catalysts can be supplied in small particle sizes or in CDS shape. G-134 type catalysts demonstrate excellent activity in the fine-cleaning of oxo compounds.

G-134 A


NiO 66

SiO2 28

Al2O3 Balance

Shape CDS Extrusions/Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

G-49B A nickel-on-kieselguhr catalyst which is mainly used for oxo fine-cleaning applications.

G-49B


NiO 66

SiO2 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 5 x 3

G-69 This zirconium promoted nickel-on-kieselguhr catalyst is similar to G-49 in both composition and application. Zirconium improves low-temperature activity.

G-69


NiO 74

ZrO2 2

Support Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 5 x 3

60


G-103The outstanding feature of this cobalt catalyst is the considerable strength of the tablet. It is mainly used for reduction of oxo aldehydes: for example, in the first stage of the Courier-Kuhlmann process.

G-103


CoO 39

SiO2 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 6

T-4405 This is a catalyst containing a high percentage of cobalt, produced in the form of mechanically strong extrusions. It is ideal for use in the last hydrogenation stage of Courier-Kuhlmann oxo alcohol set-ups, for example.

T-4405


CoO 63

SiO2 24

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3.0

G-67 This catalyst contains cobalt supported on a zirconium-promoted kieselguhr.

G-67 A


CoO 68

ZrO2 Promoter

SiO2 Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3

61


Fatty Alcohols and Natural Detergent Alcohols (NDA)

Natural detergent alcohols or fatty alcohols are sourced from natural oils, mainly lauric. They can be produced either by direct hydrogena-tion of the corresponding fatty acid, hydrogenation of the corresponding methyl esters (FAME), or hydrogenation of wax esters - the most recent process variant. The catalysts are applied in slurry processes as oxidic powders or in fixed-bed processes. They are generally prereduced and stabilised.

G-99 Series The G-99-series are copper chromite catalysts, manganese- promoted, with increasing barium contents. The catalysts are highly poison resistant, especially against chlorine and sulphur, and feature excellent separation properties.

They are supplied in the form of oxidic powders for slurry applications. The type of catalyst to be used must be selected with care, depending on the sulphur and chlorine level of the different feeds and on the separation system. For a detailed recommendation, please contact our technical service. For fixed-bed applications, G-99B-0 is used in tablet form.

G-99B-0 G-99B-13


CuO 47 48

Cr2O3 46 44

MnO2 4 6

BaO 2 1

Shape Tablets Powder

Size [mm] 3 x 3 -

62


T-4489This is a chromium-free alumina-based manganese-promoted hydro-genation catalyst for slurry applications which can be used instead of copper chromite catalysts.

T-4489


CuO 56

MnO2 10

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Powder

Size [mm] -

T-2130 A copper/zinc-oxide-based catalyst which is recommended for methyl ester hydrogenations.

T-2130


CuO 33

ZnO 66

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3

T-4419/T-4421 Copper chromite catalysts with an exceptionally high copper-to-chro-mium ratio. They are recommended for specific FAME hydrogenation processes.

T-4419 T-4421


CuO 78 66

Cr2O3 20 30


Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5 4.5 x 4.5

63


T-4489The tabletted form of the T-4489 is recommended for wax ester hydrogenation processes.

T-4489


CuO 56

MnO2 10

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3

Furfuryl Alcohol

Furfuryl alcohol can be sourced by the hydrogenation of furfural based on natural products, or as a by-product from the hydrogenation of maleic acid or maleic acid esters. For the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol we supply copper chromite catalysts which are highly heat resistant and – in the form of tablets – regenerable.

G-22FThis barium-promoted copper catalyst is developed especially for the fixed bed-hydrogenation of furfural. The catalyst features high selectiv-ity and extremely low sylvan make.

G-22F


CuO 38

Cr2O3 37

BaO 11

SiO2 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3

64


G-99D-0This is the optimum catalyst for slurry phase furfural hydrogenations. The catalyst is a copper chromite. Manganese-promoted with a high surface area of 70 – 80 m2/g, it features high activity and excellent separation properties.

G-99D-0


CuO 46

Cr2O3 44

MnO2 4

Shape Powder

Size [mm] -

Production of Diols

The production of diols (bi-functional alcohols) is based either on direct hydrogenation of the corresponding anhydrides in the gas phase, or on hydrogenation of the methyl esters of the respective acids in the gas phase, or in the liquid or trickle phase. The hydrogenation is carried out in fixed-bed reactors.

T-4489This is an alumina-based copper catalyst with high acid resistance and tailor-made pore size distribution to achieve optimum selectivity. By variation of the standard T-4489, selectivity can be shifted either in the direction of the diols, the intermediate γ-butyrolactone, or THF.

The catalyst is only available for specific processes. For a detailed recommendation, please contact us.

T-4489


CuO 56

MnO2 10

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3

65


T-2130 This copper/zinc-based catalyst is perfect for the hydrogenation of maleic acid dimethyl esters.

T-2130


CuO 33

ZnO 66

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3

T-4322This copper/zinc catalyst is used for the gas-phase hydrogenation of maleic acid anhydride.

T-4322


CuO 64

ZnO 24

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 4

T-4466This is a high-acid stable copper chromite catalyst. It can be used in the hydrogenation of maleic acid diesters with high residual acid contents.

T-4466


CuO 53

Cr2O3 45

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3

66


Production of Cyclohexyldimethanol (CHDM)

For the hydrogenation of dimethyl-ester to the corresponding dimetha-nol as part of the Eastman-Kodak process, copper chromium, copper zinc, or copper alumina may be used as catalysts.

T-4489 T-2130 T-4466


CuO 56 33 53

ZnO - 66 -

MnO2 10 - -

Cr2O3 - - 45

Al2O3 Balance - -

Shape Tablets Tablets Tablets

Size [mm] 3 x 3 3 x 3 3 x 3

Production of Alkyl Amines

Alkyl amines are typically made by amination of alcohols or aldehydes followed by hydrogenation.

67


Amination of Alcohols

For methyl amines, alumosilicates and zeolites are used as catalysts.Amination of alcohols is generally used to produce short-chain alkyl amines. For ethylamines and propylamines, on the other hand, nickel or cobalt catalysts are preferred. For long chain amines, copper cata-lysts or copper chromites are used.

Nickel Catalysts

NiSAT® 320 tablets demonstrate high mechanical stability in fixed-bed processes.

NiSAT® 320 NiSAT® 300


NiO 66 66

SiO2 - 28

Al2O3 - Balance

Support Balance -

Shape Powder Extrusions

Size [mm] - 1.5

Cobalt Catalysts

Cobalt catalysts are used when high selectivity, especially towards di- and tri-alkyl amines, is required.

G-62 G-67


CoO 45 68

Promoter - Proprietary


Shape Tablets Extrusions

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5 3.0

68


Nitrile Hydrogenation

Nitrile hydrogenation is basically conducted with long-chain nitriles, especially fatty nitriles. Nickel catalysts are used for slurry application. Where the application of powder is to be avoided, NiSAT® 320 and G-95C pastilles are used, with the reduced powder being embedded into di-stearyl-amine.

NiSAT® 320 G-95C


NiO 70 35

SiO2 Balance Balance

Shape Powder Pastilles

Size [mm] - -

Hydrogenation of Nitro-Compounds to Anilines

The hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline is carried out either in a discontinuous slurry process based on nickel catalysts, or in iso-thermal gas phase processes based on copper catalysts. Attacks on the aromatic ring and side reactions to diphenylamine must be avoided. The silica-based reduced nickel powder NiSAT® 320 exhibits excellent separation properties and fair activity for slurry application.



NiO 66 83

SiO2 Balance -

Support - Balance

Shape Powder Powder

Size [mm] - -

The silica-based nickel catalyst powder NiSAT® 330, with its coarse primary particle size, is ideal for easy separation. The catalyst has a very low iron content and thus excellent selectivity.

69


The copper chromite catalyst G-99B-0 is used for isothermal gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. It demonstrates perfect selectivity even under SOR conditions and is also particularly attractive due to its low carbon deposits and long life.

G-99B-0


CuO 47

Cr2O3 46

MnO2 4

BaO 2

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 5 x 5

Production of N-Alkylates

This area covers not just the reductive N-alkylation of aniline derivates, with iso-propanol, for example, but also the reductive alkylation of an unsaturated secondary amine with formaldehyde or the reductive alkylation of fatty amines to saturated tertiary amines. These reac-tions can be carried out with copper-based catalysts, mainly copper chromites, or in some cases with nickel catalysts containing low content of nickel. Selection must be based on the process conditions and equipment used; for this reason, please contact us for details.

70

Caprolactam from Benzene

This process involves the following steps: Benzene is firstly hydrogen-ated to cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is then oxidised to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. The cyclohexanol is dehydrogen-ated to cyclohexanone. After the oxime is formed, caprolactam is obtained by performing a Beckman rearrangement. For the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane, nickel catalysts are applied in either continuous slurry processes or isothermal fixed-bed processes, the latter being more common. NiSAT® 320 RS powder is used for the slurry process, while for the fixed-bed process we recommend using our NiSAT® 200 catalyst in RS form.



NiO 70 47

SiO2 Balance Balance

Shape Powder Tablets

Size [mm] - 6 x 6

The oxidation of cyclohexane to form a cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol mixture is performed with cobalt catalysts such as cobalt octanoate. Dehydrogenation of the cyclohexanol portion can be performed either in a high-temperature process of up to 400° C with a calcium zinc catalyst, namely T-4004, or at medium temperatures of around 230 – 300° C with a copper/zinc catalyst such as G-132A RS.

T-4004 G-132A


CaO 19 -

CuO - 33

ZnO Balance Balance


Size [mm] 6 x 6 6 x 3


71

For the transformation of oxime to caprolactam via Beckman rear-rangement, we provide a special catalyst which is available on request.

A second route to cyclohexanone is based on phenol. The catalyst performing this reaction is a Pd catalyst which is also available on request from Süd-Chemie.

C12-Lactam (Lauryllactam)

After the trimerisation of butadiene to cyclododecatriene (CDT), epoxidation followed by two-step hydrogenation produces cyclo-dodecanol. Nickel-based catalysts are used for the trimerisation stage. Nickel and palladium catalysts are recommended for the subsequent hydrogenation steps. For the dehydrogenation of cyclododecanol to the corresponding cyclic ketone, meanwhile, a copper/zinc-based catalyst like PolyMax 301 is used.

PolyMax 301


CuO 31

ZnO Balance

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3

Nylon-6,6

The starting material is typically butadiene. Addition of HCN is per-formed via copper chloride, the resulting dinitrile being hydrogenated to hexamethylene diamine. Raney-nickel catalysts are generally used in a slurry phase reaction, while the highly selective promoted T-4424 catalysts are recommended for fixed-bed operations.

T-4424


CoO 43

MnO2 5

SiO2/MgO Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3


72


Resins and Rosins

These substances are hydrogenated in order to remove unsaturates over Ni-, Pd- or Cu-based catalysts.

Nickel Catalysts

NiSAT® 300 NiSAT® 320 NiSAT® 330


NiO 66 70 84

SiO2 28 - -

Al2O3 Balance - -

Support - Balance Balance

Shape Extrusions Powder Powder

Size [mm] 1.5 - -

Palladium Catalysts

H2Max 50 MPT 3 MPT 5 MPT 10


Pd 0.5 3 5 10

Activated Carbon Balance Balance Balance Balance

Shape Granules Granules Granules Granules

Size [mm] - - - -

73

Copper Catalysts

Mainly supplied for fixed-bed processes. The relevant types are copper chromites and copper/zinc catalysts.

G-132A G-99B-0


CuO 33 47

Cr2O3 - 46

MnO2 - 4

BaO - 2

ZnO Balance -


Size [mm] 6 x 3 5 x 5

Selection of the catalyst depends very much on the type of resin and the molecular weight of the polymer. For abietinic resins, for example, palladium catalysts are ideal, where as for specific C5 petroleum resins, nickel powders may be more effective. In some cases it is advisable to use catalysts with a caustic promoter or promoted with zirconium. Those types are available on request.

Treatment of Fischer-Tropsch Waxes

A special case in the hydro-treatment of high molecular compounds is the treatment of Fischer-Tropsch waxes. FT waxes typically contain carbonylic unsaturates which are sometimes conjugated giving the wax a faint yellow coulour. This colour has to be removed for a variety of applications. Furthermore, FT waxes can contain traces of iron which are typically removed prior to a hydro-genation treatment with ActiSorb® 400.

ActiSorb® 400 NiSAT® 300 NiSAT® 340


NiO - 66 70

MgO - - 8

Al2O3 16 Balance Balance

SiO2 Balance 28 20

Shape Spheres CDS Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 5 1.5 3


74


Hydrogenation of Sugars

Conventionally, Raney-nickel catalysts are used for the batch-type hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol. Using supported nickel or ruthenium catalysts offers handling advantages and the benefit of high selectivity. The use of specially promoted Ni-catalysts leads to stereo-selective hydrogenation of sugar molecules suitable for new applications.

Nickel-type catalysts



NiO 66 70 64

MgO - 8 -

WO3 - - 4

Al2O3 Balance Balance 10

SiO2 28 20 27

Shape CDS Extrusions Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 3 3

Ruthenium-type catalysts

MRT


Ru 0.1 – 5

Activated Carbon Balance

Shape Granules

Size [mm] 2 – 5

Cracking of Sugars

Sugar cracking can produce valuable chemical products in the C2 – C4 range, like butanediols, THF, propanediols, ethylene glycols etc. Tests showed promising results with nickel and ruthenium catalysts.

Details are available upon request.

75


Dehydration, Cyclisation and Polycondensation Processes

Dehydration of alcohols produces olefins, but may also lead to the formation of cyclic products. Depending on the reaction to be performed, we can supply either modified montmorillonites, specific zeolites, or zirconia-, titania-, or niobia-based catalysts. As this is an extremely large area – including, for example, the polymerisation of THF – we would ask you to contact us to discuss your specific requirements.

Dehydrogenation and Oxidation

Dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding ketones or aldehydes covers sophisticated areas such as the dehydrogenation of lauric alcohol for the fragrance industry, but also the broad area of the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone to produce, ultimately, caprolactam for nylon-6. We also provide catalysts for the dehydrogenation of cyclododecanol to create lauryllactam and nylon-12 as final products.

Catalysts used in this area are:

CuO Cr2O3 ZnO CaO Promoter

PolyMax 172 • •

T-4004 • •

T-2130 • • •

G-13 • •

G-22 • • •

T-4419 • •

T-4421 • •

76


Sophisticated Uses

Very often, a catalytic step is required in the manufacturing of chemicals from starch, the production of vitamins, the composition of fragrances and aromas, food additives, and the production of bio-fuels and so-called bio-solvents. For all of these diverse applications, we have a range of experience, allowing us to help you to choose the right catalysts. In most cases, the catalysts are based on nickel, copper or noble metals. We are always ready to discuss your particular requirements, and are confident that we can provide an optimum solution.

Production of Ethylenedichloride (EDC)

Catalysts for the production of EDC from ethylene in a fluid-bed reactor operate with either air- or oxygen- based technology. Key features of these catalysts include high activity and stability during operation, meaning no loss of active compounds and no significant variation in surface area. There is practically no tendency towards sticking among the individual catalyst particles during commercial use of the OXYMAX® catalyst series.

OXYMAX® catalyst series

OXYMAX® A OXYMAX® B


CuO 5 5


Shape Powder Powder

Size [mm] - -

77


Production of Formaldehyde

Iron/molybdenum-based catalysts are used for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde in fixed-bed tubular reactors. These cata-lysts are available in different tabletted ring shapes, with optimisation of pellet efficiency (optimal equivalent diameter) and minimisation of pressure drop across the catalyst bed. They can be used in a broad range of methanol concentrations, thus meeting the requirement of state-of-the-art formaldehyde plants. There is also a variety of options for catalyst dilution with inert material. Dilution of the formaldehyde catalyst ensures optimised catalyst activity to maximise the lifetime of the charge of the formaldehyde catalyst loaded to the tubular reactor.

FAMAX® J5 FAMAX® MS FAMAX® HS FAMAX® TH


MoO3 54 54 54 54

Fe2O3 12 12 12 12

Shape Rings Rings Rings Triholed Ring

Size [mm] 4 x 4 x 2 4.5 x 4.5 x 2 5 x 5 x 2 5.5 x 5

Production of Hydrogen Peroxide

For the production of H2O2 via the anthraquinone processes in slurry phase, catalysts in powder form with 2% palladium, well dispersed on a proprietary carrier, are used. The catalysts are produced in several different formats with differ-ent particle size distributions. In particular, the catalysts contain an extremely low fines content, ensuring minimal catalyst consumption during production of H2O2.

H2Max 5 H2Max 5/S H2Max HAR


Pd 2.0 2.0 2.0

Support Balance Balance Balance

Shape Powder Powder Powder

Size [µm]

< 250 > 98 > 95 > 95

< 63 < 2 < 2 < 2

78


Production of Vinylacetatmonomer (VAM)

Zinc acetate on activated carbon is used for the synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetylene in fixed-bed tubular reactors. Both the improved manufacturing process and the selected carbon carrier ensure high catalyst activity and excellent attrition resistance.

MAVC MAVC/C


ZnO 15 15


Shape Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 4 3

Production of Phthalic Anhydride (PA)

Süd-Chemie‘s multi-layer PA catalyst series PHTHALIMAX® is supplied for standard, medium or high o-Xylene loading. Performance losses in the oxidation reaction from o-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride (PA) are directly related to the formation of under-oxidation and over-oxida-tion products. PHTHALIMAX® is designed to operate in the optimum oxidation range, resulting in excellent PA yields (low COx formation) and superior PA quality. Our patented catalyst loading technique saves time and, more importantly, affords greater precision compared to conventional catalyst loading systems.

PHTHALIMAX® multi-layer catalyst


V2O5 Proprietary

TiO2 Proprietary

Promoters Proprietary

Carrier Steatite

Shape Rings

Size [mm] 8 x 6 x 5

PHTHALIMAX®-M series for medium OX load

PHTHALIMAX®-S series for standard OX load

PHTHALIMAX®-H series for high OX load

79


Purification of Terephthalic Acid (PTA)

Purification of terephthalic acid in a fixed bed reactor is achieved by hydrogenation of the coloured by-products to uncoloured and water-soluble by-products. The main impurity to be hydrogenated is 4-carboxybenzaldehyde. The catalysts applied are precious-metal-based catalysts on granular carbon with highly dispersed Pd, assuring long-term stable catalyst activity.

H2Max 50 H2Max HD


Pd 0.5 0.5


Shape Granules Granules

Size [mm] 3 – 6 3 – 6

IntroductionCatalysts for the Oil Refinery Industry

Making things happen together

Even the best idea is only as good as its implementation. The fitting technology is just as important here as the right

partner. That is why Süd-Chemie works closely on location with responsible persons in the oil refinery industry. And the

successes are impressive. We offer you a broad product pallet of solutions that set benchmarks in many areas.

82

Oil Refinery Industry

Fuel Technology

For the production of transportation fuels, Süd-Chemie supplies special catalysts with superior catalytic properties. These are largely sophisticated, high-value zeolite products. Over just a short period of time, we have diversified our activities in this area and developed new catalyst formulations with outstanding cata-lytic performance compared to products available on the market. This exceptional standard of quality and performance is the fruit of our inten-sive cooperation with engineering partners and refineries. As a conse-quence, Süd-Chemie, together with its partners, is in a position not only to supply the catalyst, but to offer a full package consisting of both the catalyst plus process technology for petrol and diesel production.

Conversion of Methanol to Dimethylether (DME)

For the conversion of methanol to dimethylether, Süd-Chemie supplies the alumina-based SynMax® 100 catalyst, which is fully regenerable.

SynMax® 100



Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5

Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline (CMG)

The conversion of methanol to DME is the first step in what is known as the CMG process. CMG-1 is used for the conversion of DME to hydrocarbons in the petrol range. CMG-1 is a zeolite-based catalyst which can be fully regenerated in situ. CMG-1 has proven to be a cost-effective alternative for the production of high quality petrol blending compounds from methanol.

CMG-1


Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

83


Conversion of Olefins to Diesel and Petrol (COD)

The COD-9 catalyst is a fully regenerable zeolite-based catalyst, developed for the conversion of olefins to diesel and petrol fuels. The COD process with Süd-Chemie’s catalyst has proven to be a cost-effective alternative in producing high quality synthetic diesel from olefins. The high cetane number and low aromatics content meet the environmental needs of tomorrow.

COD-9


Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

Conversion of Paraffins to Aromatics (CPA)

For the conversion of light paraffins to aromatics in the petrol boiling range, Süd-Chemie has developed the CPA catalyst as an advanced catalytic solution. This zeolite-based catalyst stands out due to its high activity, perfect for the conversion of paraffins, especially LPG or gas condensate feedstocks, to produce a high octane petrol range prod-uct with a high aromatics content. Thanks to its outstanding thermo-mechanical stability, CPA 100 can be regenerated repeatedly in-situ.

CPA 100


Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

84


Hydrotreating

HDMax hydrotreating catalysts are used with the full range of liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks from light naphtha to vacuum distillates. In order to upgrade the middle distillate feedstocks, the catalysts applied have to convert organic sulphur or nitrogen compounds to hydrogen sulphide or ammonia. It is often necessary to remove heavy metals and saturate di-olefins.

Different types of catalysts have been designed to cope more effec-tively with the feedstock to be treated. For deep hydrodesulphurisa-tion, Süd-Chemie supplies cobalt oxide/molybdenum oxide on alumina-based catalysts: our HDMax 200 products.

Nickel oxide/molybdenum oxide on alumina-based catalysts can also be used for hydrodenitrogenation and feedstock saturation: our HDMax 300 products.

Our HDT catalysts are available in different shapes. The most advanced of these in hydroprocessing catalysts is the CDS shape.

HDMax 220 HDMax 310


CoO 3 – 5 -

NiO - 5.2

MoO3 13 – 21 23


ShapeCDS Extrusions


TRIAX Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

85


Petrol Production

C5/C6 Isomerisation

HYSOPAR® is a platinum-promoted zeolite-based catalyst for isom-erisation of C5/C6 feedstocks. It is the product of a joint development between CEPSA Research (Spain) and Süd-Chemie. HYSOPAR® has demonstrated its excellent performance in numerous isomerisation applications.For very clean feeds and specific operating conditions, Süd-Chemie provides HYSOPAR® SA, a noble-metal-promoted zirconium oxide catalyst.

HYSOPAR® HYSOPAR® SA


Pt 0.30 – 0.40 0.30 – 0.5

Zeolite MOR -

ZrO2 - Balance

Shape Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

Süd-Chemie provides the entire isomerisation technology process package, encompassing both basic engineering and catalysts.

C4 Selective Hydroisomerisation

SHUMax 105 is a highly selective and active hydroisomerisation catalyst which simultaneously hydrogenates butadiene and hydroi-somerises 1-butene to 2-butene from a C4 cut in order to upgrade the alkylate quality. The CDS shape guarantees superior performance, ensuring almost complete butene retention, even at a conversion level approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium. SHUMax 105 is a noble metal impregnated catalyst, available in different variations, and tailored to the specific needs of the refiner.

SHUMax 105


Pd 0.5

Al2O3 Balance


Size [mm] 1.3

86


Naphtha Dearomatisation – NiSAT®

NiSAT® catalysts are used in the dearomatisation of low-sulphur refining feedstocks, such as naphtha boiling range feedstocks. It is especially important to remove benzene from aromatic petrol pool blending compounds to meet the required environmental regulations for gasoline.

NiSAT® catalysts are manufactured in different shapes, such as plain or CDS extrusions, and are available in reduced and stabilised versions.



NiO 43 66 77


Shape TabletsExtrusions

CDS ExtrusionsExtrusions

Size [mm] 6 x 6 1.5 1.5

Middle Distillate Upgrade

For middle distillate refining, our catalysts cover all major applications.

• Deep hydrodesulphurisation

• Saturation

• Stabilisation

• Aromatics and PNA saturation

• Cetane improvement

• Mild hydrocracking

• Clay treating

• Dewaxing of gas oil fractions

• Dewaxing/conversion of heavy stocks

87


Hydrotreating of Middle Distillates

HDMax hydrotreating catalysts are used with the full range of liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks from light naphtha to vacuum distillates. In order to upgrade the middle distillate feedstocks, the catalysts applied have to convert organic sulphur or nitrogen compounds to hydrogen sulphide or ammonia. It is often necessary to remove heavy metals and saturate di-olefins.

Different types of catalysts have been designed to cope more effec-tively with the feedstock to be treated. For deep hydrodesulphurisa-tion, Süd-Chemie supplies cobalt oxide/molybdenum oxide on alu-mina-based catalysts: our HDMax 220 products.Nickel oxide/molybdenum oxide on alumina-based catalysts can also be used for hydrodenitrogenation and feedstock saturation: our HDMax 310 products.

Our HDT catalysts are available in different shapes. The most advanced of these in hydroprocessing catalysts is the CDS shape.

HDMax 220 HDMax 310


CoO 3 – 5 -

NiO - 5.2

MoO3 13 – 21 23


ShapeCDS Extrusions


TRIAX Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

88


Dearomatisation (Sulphur-free Feedstock) – NiSAT®

NiSAT® hydrogenation catalysts have a proven track record in the dearomatisation of low-sulphur refining feedstocks, such as kerosene, diesel or white oils. As the smoke point of jet fuels often needs to be improved, it is not necessary to operate aromatics saturation units.

For maximum dearomatisation activity, NiSAT® is available in the form of CDS extrusions.



NiO 43 66 77




Size [mm] 6 x 6 1.5 1.5

Dearomatisation (Sulphur-bearing Feedstock) – ASAT®

Efficient low-temperature dearomatisation of middle distillates is usually accomplished with noble metal catalysts rather than nickel catalysts. The latter suffer from an affinity to sulphur, leading to their subsequent deactivation. New catalyst systems with dual noble metal function have recently emerged on the market. These are supposed to be tolerant to much higher levels of sulphur than standard platinum catalysts. The most recent development in this family of HDAr catalysts is the ASAT® catalyst series. ASAT® is a noble-metal-promoted zeolite catalyst, which offers HDS, HDN and HDAr service as a trifunctional catalyst. Its most outstanding feature is its extreme tolerance of sulphur (up to 500 ppm wt.).

89


These catalysts feature outstanding capabilities for upgrading middle distillate cuts, converting sulphur down to ppm level, PNA and total ni-trogen to non-detectable level, and reducing total aromatics from 40% to less than 5%. ASAT® catalysts can thus easily convert light cycle oil (LCO) to “sulphur-free” diesel fuel in a one-stage unit.

ASAT® LS ASAT®


Noble Metal Proprietary Proprietary

Support Al2O3 Zeolite

Shape CDS Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5

Mild Hydrocracking

The catalyst MHC-100 is used in vacuum gas oil treatment to produce a product distribution favouring increasing yields of middle distillates, such as diesel fractions. Petrol production is minimised when using the MHC-100 catalyst. MHC-100 is a nickel oxide/molybdenum oxide on alumina-based catalyst.

MHC-100


NiO Proprietary

MoO3 Proprietary

Al2O3 Balance

Shape TRIAX Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

90


Dewaxing

Dewaxing of Gas Oils and Kerosene

HYDEX®-G is used for selective hydrocracking of long-chain normal paraffins. It is suitable for all kinds of high-sulphur middle distillates, such as kerosene and gas oil, particularly in combined operation with an HDS catalyst. HYDEX®-G is a fully regenerable, metal-impregnated, zeolite-based catalyst.

HYDEX®-G



Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

Dewaxing of Waxy Stocks

HYDEX®-C is a fully regenerable zeolite-based dewaxing catalyst designed for use in conversion units. It is a metal-impregnated, highly shape-selective catalyst for the hydrocracking of long chain paraf-fins. Product quality has been considerably improved in terms of pour, cloud and cold filter plugging point. It also features a lower boiling range.

Typical feedstocks for HYDEX®-C are waxy atmospheric and vacuum gas oil cuts.

HYDEX®-C



Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

91


Kerosene Sweetening – Clay Treater

Süd-Chemie‘s tailored Tonsil® CO products are perfectly suited to solving colour-related problems and/or extending the cycle length.

Tonsil® CO-Jet


Alumino Silicate 100

Shape Granules

Size [mm] 0.25 – 1.25

Wax and Lube Oil

The first step in the manufacture of lubricants involves separating the individual fractions according to viscosity and boiling range specifications. The raw lube oil fractions from most crude oils contain components which have undesirable characteristics for the finished lubricant. These must be removed or converted by means of proc-esses such as extraction, hydrodewaxing or hydrotreating. Undesirable characteristics include high pour points, high cloud points, large viscos-ity changes with temperature (low VI), poor oxygen stability, poor colour, high organic acidity and high carbon and sludge-forming tendencies. Süd-Chemie’s lube oil processing catalysts help the refiner to meet specifications with regard to these crucial lube oil properties.

Dewaxing of Lube Oil

HYDEX®-L, a zeolite-based catalyst, selectively hydrocracks waxy mol-ecules to short-chain products, leaving valuable lube oil components unchanged.

HYDEX®-L is a fully regenerable catalyst.

HYDEX®-L



Zeolite MFI

Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5

92


Hydrotreating and Hydrofinishing

HDMax 510, a hydrotreating catalyst, was developed primarily for severe hydrotreating operation of waxes and lube oil stocks. Its macroporous structure is best suited to improving colour and oxygen stability, as well as lowering the organic acidity of the product.

HDMax 510 is a robust nickel oxide/molybdenum oxide catalyst. It is available in CDS shape.

HDMax 520 is best suited to hydrofinishing reactions aimed at remov-ing chemically active compounds which affect colour and colour stabil-ity. Due to its specific macroporous structure and acidic properties, the HDMax 520 hydrofinishing catalyst produces water-clear white oils.

The HDMax 310 catalyst is the standard catalyst for efficient and high quality VGO products.

HDMax 510 HDMax 520 HDMax 310


NiO 5 5 5.2

MoO3 22 - 23

WO3 - 22 -


Shape CDS Extrusions CDS Extrusions TRIAX Extrusions

Size [mm] 1.5 1.5 1.3

93


Hydrogenation of Olefins

NiSAT® hydrogenation catalysts are used in oil refining as well as in lube oil applications. As NiSAT® catalysts are robust, versatile aromatic hydrogenation catalysts, they are well established in the manufacture of medical-grade white oils, as well as for low-sulphur kerosene aromatics saturation and chemical intermediate production.

NiSAT® catalysts are manufactured in a variety of different shapes, such as plain or CDS extrusions, and are available in reduced and stabilised versions.



NiO 43 66 77




Size [mm] 6 x 6 1.5 1.5

Lube Oil and Wax Bleaching

The various Tonsil® bleaching earths are widely approved, highly active absorbents for liquid-phase purification of heavy hydrocarbon fractions and waxes. They promise economical decolourisation and complete removal of colour bodies, surfactants, residual gums and other trace impurities.

Tonsil® Optimum Tonsil® Standard


Alumino Silicate 100 100

Shape Powder Powder

Size 75% < 63 µm 75% < 63 µm

94


Oligomerisation

Production of Polypetrol and Higher Olefins

Solid phosphoric acid catalysts are primarily used for the oligomeri-sation of propylene and/or butylene to high octane petrol or higher molecular weight polymers. PolyMax 843 catalysts can be operated in tubular and chamber- type reactors.

PolyMax 843 PolyMax 845


Short Acid as P2O5 18 18

Total Acid as P2O5 54 60

Shape Pellets Pellets

Size [mm] 6.0 – 7.5 5.5 – 7.0

Butylene Dimerisation

A further application of PolyMax 843 catalysts is the dimerisation of butylene to i-octene, which can be further hydrogenated to i-octane.

Idled MTBE or catpoly units can be retrofitted for such processes with minimal capital expenditure.

i-Octene Hydrogenation

It may be advantageous to introduce i-octanes to the petrol pool. The catalyst HDMax 800 is used for the hydrogenation of i-octene to i-octane.

HDMax 800


Pt 0.3

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5

95


Purification of FCC Off-Gases

The OleMax 100 series of catalysts is used for the purification of FCC off-gases. OleMax 100 series removes acetylene, MAPD, oxygen, NOx, arsin and other impurities to enable the refiner to recover high-purity ethylene, propylene and hydrogen from the FCC off-gas. Selection from among the following types depends on the sulphur content of the gas stream and plant design conditions. OleMax 100 types are resistant to deactivation by traces of heavy metals often found in these streams.

OleMax 101 OleMax 102 OleMax 103


NiO 2.6 1.3 0.6

Multi-Promoter 1 – 2 1 – 2 1 – 2

SiO2-Al2O3 Balance Balance Balance

Shape Spheres Spheres Spheres

Size [mm] 8 8 8

96


Hydrogen Production The production of hydrogen involves the use of several key unit opera-tions for which Süd-Chemie supplies catalysts. These are:

• Feedstock purification

• Prereforming

• Fired reformer

• CO conversion

• Methanation

• Sour gas shift

• Methanol reforming

Typically, two or more of these processing units are involved in virtually all plant configurations.

Prereforming

A prereformer is an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor upstream of the primary reformer. It allows increased flexibility in the choice of feed-stock, increased life time of the steam-reforming catalyst and tubes and the option of increasing the overall plant capacity. Furthermore, it operates at lower steam/carbon ratios. ReforMax® 100 is a prereforming catalyst designed to handle the entire range of hydrocarbon feedstocks from natural gas up to and including LPGs and naphthas.

ReforMax® 100


NiO 56


Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 4.5 x 4.5

97


Fired Reformer

Selection of the optimum catalyst depends on several factors, includ-ing furnace design, severity of service, and the type of hydrocarbon processed.

To cover all possible combinations, Süd-Chemie offers a wide variety of steam-reforming catalysts, comprising a range of different carriers, shapes and chemical compositions.

ReforMax® 330 LDP

ReforMax® 210 LDP

ReforMax® 250

Typical Feed NG NG/LPG Naphtha


NiO 14 18 25

K2O - 1.6 8.5

Carrier CaAl12O19 CaK2Al22O34 Calciumaluminate

Shape 10 Holed Ring 10 Holed Ring Multi Holed Ring

Size [mm] 19 x 16 19 x 12 16 x 16

High-temperature CO Conversion

The HTS catalyst ShiftMax® 120 combines high activity with extremely good physical robustness. In addition, this catalyst is very effective in preventing Fischer-Tropsch by-product formation when operating at low steam conditions.

ShiftMax® 120


Fe2O3 80

Cr2O3 8.5

CuO 2

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 6

98


Low-temperature CO Conversion

The LTS catalysts ShiftMax® 230 and 240 are next-generation products that offer unparalleled activity for water-gas shift, resulting in higher CO conversion for longer life, enhanced resistance to poisons, and exellent physical strength. The promoter in ShiftMax® 240 suppresses the formation of methanol by more than 95% compared to standard LTS catalysts.

ShiftMax® 230 ShiftMax® 240


CuO 42 42

ZnO 47 47

Al2O3 9 9

Promoter - 2


Size [mm] 4.8 x 3.2 4.8 x 3.2

Medium-temperature CO Conversion

Medium-temperature CO conversion (MTS) is carried out in an isothermal system or adiabatic reactor, with exit temperatures of around 300° C. The ShiftMax® 300 catalyst is a stabilised copper/zinc catalyst featur-ing excellent stability of the Cu crystallites.

ShiftMax® 300


CuO 20

ZnO 58

Promoter 11

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 3

99


Methanation

Depending on the severity and product purity requirements of the application, Süd-Chemie supplies two different types of methanation catalysts.

METH 134 consists of NiO on alumina. For extremely low-temperature applications, i.e. T < 170° C, Süd-Chemie provides METH 150, a cata-lyst made up of ruthenium on alumina.

METH 134 METH 150


NiO 25 -

Ru - 0.3



Size [mm] 3 – 6 4.5 x 4.5

Sour Gas Shift

CO conversion downstream of gasification units can be carried out without prior removal of the sulphur compounds. For this sour gas shift, we supply the stabilised CoMo catalyst ShiftMax® 800.

ShiftMax® 800


CoO 3.5

MoO3 14


Shape Extrusions

Size [mm] 3.0

100


Methanol Reforming

Hydrogen and CO can be produced by means of steam-reforming of methanol which is performed with ReforMax® M.

ReforMax® M


CuO 66

ZnO 23

Al2O3 Balance

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 4

Sulphur Recovery

HDMax 213 catalysts are used to promote the hydrogenation of elemental sulphur vapour and sulphur dioxide, as well as the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide to hydrogen sulphide. They are used successfully to raise the overall conversion in Claus units to levels in excess of 99.9%. HDMax 213 can be employed in a variety of processes, such as:

• BSRP processes

• SCOT processes

• RESULF processes

• CLINSULF processes

• SULFREEN processes

101


Tail Gas Treating

HDMax 213 and 214 catalysts are robust, stabilised alumina extru-sions impregnated with cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide. They simultaneously promote the hydrolysis of COS and hydrogenation of CS2 to H2S.

HDMax 213 HDMax 214


CoO 2.0 3.5

MoO3 7.3 14.0

Promoter Proprietary Proprietary


Shape CDS Extrusions Extrusions

Size [mm] 3.0 3.0

Claus Sulphur Recovery

The SynMax® 200 Claus catalysts are delivered as smooth spheres. Their optimised pore size distribution offers advantages such as superior crush strength, low attrition loss and high activity. SynMax® 200 catalysts have been developed for standard sulphur recovery plants as well as units operating near or below the sulphur dewpoint, for instance in second- or third-stage operation.

SynMax® 200


Al2O3 100

Shape Spheres

Size [mm] 3 – 5

IntroductionAir PurificationNo Smoking

Smoke is harmful to both masterpieces and the environment. That is why Süd-Chemie offers the highest quality catalysts

for air purification. And everyone benefits: our customers, their neighbours, and the atmosphere.

104

Air Purification

Süd-Chemie’s EnviCat® product line of standard and customised catalysts for air purification is available in both-pelletised and honey-comb forms. Using precious metals or base metals as active com-ponents, a wide variety of applications is covered: treatment of VOC emissions from chemical, petrochemical and semiconductor industry, emission control for internal combustion engines and purification of indoor-air.

Customised catalysts are designed based on the following criteria: Catalyst suitability/dimension, conversion rates, warranty period, pressure drop, catalyst arrangement.

The most commonly used shapes and forms are:

• Monolithic structures (metallic and ceramic honeycombs)

• Foams (ceramic and metallic)

• Wall flow filters

• Pellets (tablets, extrusions, spheres)

• Saddles

• Wire mesh

• Fiber mats

• Screens

• Other custom shapes and forms

105

Air Purification

Industrial Off-Gas Treatment

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compunds) and other pollutants are emitted during various industrial processes and need to be eliminated. Compared to alternative technologies, the economical advantage of low operating costs, makes catalytic incineration the smart choice for many plants.

Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Catalyst Carrier Precious Metals Base Metals Application

EnviCat® VOC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi • Industrial VOC

EnviCat® VOC Spheres • Industrial VOC

EnviCat® DOC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi • Sulfur tolerant

SO2 selective

EnviCat® N-150EnviCat® VOC

Extrusions, Tablets, Powder or Special High Resistent Spheres

•EtO, NH3, Volatile Nitrogen Compounds, Higher Poison Tolerance

PRO*ECOLITH Ceramic Honeycomb 50-100 cpsi • VOC & CO for

RTO/RCO

PRO*RCO Ceramic Saddle • VOC & CO for RTO/RCO

DeNOx and N2O Reduction


EnviCat® N2O-1 ZeoliteMedium Temperature Gas Decomposition

EnviCat® N2O-2 ZeoliteLow Temperature Gas Catalytic Reduction

EnviCat® N-150 Tablets • Low Temperature SCR

EnviCat® NO-1 ZeoliteSelective Catalytic Reduction of NOx

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Oxidation


EnviCat® N-140 Extrusions • Gas Masks, Ambient Temperature

EnviCat® CO Ceramic & Metal Monolith, Pellets • High Space Velocity

106

Air Purification

Desulfurisation and Deodorisation


EnviCat® N-IDSG72EEnviCat® NKH

Extrusions, Homogeneous Honeycomb

• H2S, COS

EnviCat® KGC Powder • Toilet Deodorisation

EnviCat® N-500 Extrusions • Ammonia, Amines

Ozone Destruction


EnviCat® NKH-2

Homogeneous Honeycomb 500 cpsi

•Ambient Tempera-ture, High Concen-tration O3

EnviCat® N-140EnviCat® N-150EnviCat® MN 280

Extrusions, Spheres, Powders •

Ambient Tempera- ture, Improved Moisture Tolerance

PRO*AOD Ceramic & Metallic Monoliths • • Airplane Ozone, High

Space Velocity

Oxidation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons


EnviCat® HHC Ceramic Honeycomb • Industrial HVOC, SVE, Dioxin, etc.

EnviCat® HHC Spheres • Industrial HVOC, SVE, Dioxin, etc.

Traffic Tunnel Air Purification


EnviCat® KN-44 Extrusions • Tunnel Air Purification

Purification of Industrial Gases

Süd-Chemie provides a variety of catalysts containing noble metals for the removal of trace impurities in a wide range of gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and argon.


EnviCat® G133 Spheres, Tablets • Removal of trace Impurities

107

Air Purification

Semiconductor Industry

Süd-Chemie offers cutting-edge technology for the adsorption of toxic and corrosive gases such as SiH4, AsH3, PH3, HCI, NH3, NF3 and many others encountered in the semiconductor industry.

For fixed bed adsorber systems, these products are the leading choice for the cost-effective protection of our environment.


EnviCat® N-150 Tablets or Extrusions • Hydrides

EnviCat® N-600 Extrusions • Halogens

EnviCat® N-500 Extrusions • Ammonia & Amines

Power Generation

On-site power generation is becoming more and more important across the globe. The main sources of decentralised power supply include stationary gas & diesel engines and gas turbines. Catalytic emission control systems are used extensively. Engine Emissions


EnviCat® TWC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi •

NSCR for Stoichiometric Engines, e.g. NG

EnviCat® COEnviCat® VOC

Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi • OxiCat for

NG Engines

EnviCat® DOC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi • Diesel Oxidation

Catalyst

EnviCat® DPF Ceramic Monolith •Catalysed Diesel Filter for Low Tempe-rature Soot Ignition

Natural Gas Combustion


EnviCat® NG Ceramic & Metallic Monolith • Ignition (light-off)

108

Air Purification

Mobile Engines

Efforts to reduce pollution caused by mobile engines are increasing worldwide. EnviCat® catalysts offer technical solutions for engines run-ning on Diesel, Natural Gas or Petrol.

Diesel and Natural Gas Engine Emissions


EnviCat® TWC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi •

NSCR for Stoichiometric Engines, e.g. NG

EnviCat® DOC Ceramic & Metallic Monolith 100-400 cpsi • Diesel Oxidation

Catalyst

EnviCat® DPF Ceramic Monolith •Catalysed Diesel Filter for Low Tempe-rature Soot Ignition

Two-Wheeler Engine Exhaust


SCIL-TWC Metal Honeycomb50-200 cpsi •

Motorcycles, Scoo-ters, Mopeds and other 2 & 4 - stroke small engines

SCIL-TWC Perforated Tube •Motorcycles, Scoo-ters, Mopeds and other 2 & 4 - stroke small engines

109

Air Purification

Indoor Air

More than 80% of our life takes place indoors. Süd-Chemie develops catalysts and adsorbents to purify indoor air. This comprises purifica-tion of restaurant and wood stove emissions, as well as products for in-house use, such as odour and smoke abatement for kitchen stoves.


PRO*BROIL Metallic Monolith 50-100 cpsi •

CO, PM & VOC Reduction in Restaurant Exhaust

EnviCat® AKH Homogeneous Honey-comb 36-220 cpsi

Odour Abatement at Room Temperature

EnviCat® SCOSE

Ceramic Honeycomb64 cpsi •

CO, PM & VOC Smoke Elimination in Kitchen Stoves

Long LifeLong Life PlusPRO-ECO-CAT

Ceramic Honeycomb16-25 cpsi •

Wood Stove Off-Gas:CO, PM & VOC Reduction

Reduction of Iron OreProduction of Town Gas

Inert & Support MaterialCool and noble

Sparkling champagne is as much part of a private viewing as is the colour in a painting. What a pleasure when an elegant

cooler ensures the perfect temperature. How was that elegant metal produced? With the help of Süd-Chemie

and their catalysts for iron ore reduction, of course.

112

Iron Ore, Town Gas

Reforming for Direct Reduction of Iron Ore

Süd-Chemie supplies the complete portfolio of catalysts specifically formulated for direct reduction of iron (DRI) reforming furnaces. Our cooperation with MIDREX has produced catalysts comprising NiO as the active component on rugged carriers such as MgO, α-Al2O3 or calcium-aluminate.

Production of Town Gas

The conversion of naphtha into town gas requires a special type of nickel catalyst, ReforMax® 450 LDP, which is able to withstand the severe conditions in these cyclic reformers.

Downstream of the cyclic reformers, there is the option of installing a CO conversion using the standard HTS catalyst ShiftMax® 120.

ReforMax® 450 LDP


NiO 8

Carrier CaAl12O19

Shape 10 Holed Ring

Size [mm] 19 x 16

ShiftMax® 120


Fe2O3 80

Cr2O3 8.5

CuO 2

Shape Tablets

Size [mm] 6 x 6

113

Support Material

Inert and Support Material

Inert balls are used both on support screens and to hold down the catalyst top layer. The inert material closest to the catalyst must not exceed double the minimum dimension of the catalyst.

Süd-Chemie’s inert material is rugged, chemically inert and tempera-ture stable. Its high crush strength and low attrition loss ensure lengthy service and trouble-free operation. Various sizes required for the different screen and catalyst sizes are available.

Support 222 Support 346


Al2O3 + TiO2 27 99

SiO2 Balance 0.1

Fe2O3 1.0 0.1


Size [mm] 3/6/12/19/25 3/6/12/19/25

Custom Catalysts – À la Carte Catalysts

And what can we get for you?

Whether large or small, ring shaped, as powder or granules: Süd-Chemie delivers specialised catalysts for innumerable applications and with the most widely varying performance

features. But that is not all. On request, we can develop and produce customised solutions individually tailored to your needs.

Well then: which catalyst would you like?

116

Custom Catalysts

À la carte Catalysts

As a customised catalyst group, Süd-Chemie has a long history of manufacturing quality catalysts à la carte. Indeed, customised catalyst manufacture accounts for a significant proportion of our business.

Since the 1960s, customers have come to us both to manufacture new catalysts for commercialisation and to improve the catalysts they already use. Whether a petrochemical, refining, chemical, or engi-neering company approaches us for manufacturing or developing a catalyst from concept to completion, we have the resources, systems, and people to provide the level of service and confidentiality that any custom project may entail.

117

Custom Catalysts

Three types of customer relationships are generally identified:

Toll Manufacture Catalysts are produced exclusively for the customer in line with the customer’s expertise.

Licensed Manufacture Catalysts are produced relying on the customer’s expertise, but marketed and sold by Süd-Chemie (either freely or with specific restrictions). The customer receives royalty payments on sales.

Custom Manufacture Catalysts are developed on the basis of Süd-Chemie’s expertise, but produced exclusively for the customer in question.

Although Süd-Chemie does not sell process design services per se, customers can benefit from the expertise and services of Süd-Chemie’s entire technical staff whether in the context of investi-gating and establishing operating conditions, or for recommendations on a specific catalyst in answer to any requirement or problem.

Fuel Cell TechnologiesEnergy in tight spaces

There are works of art that burst with energy. Whoever wants to see them like this in colour, form and imagery,

needs high tech without compromises. That is why Süd-Chemie develops catalysts for hydrogen extraction

for laptops, cameras and mobile phones.

120

Fuel Cell Technologies

Süd-Chemie also applies its core competence in the field of hydrogen technology to the business area of Fuel Cell Technologies. Hydrogen is the feed for all fuel cell types, including PEMFC, MCFC and SOFC. In tandem with our partners, we work at a global level to develop all possible applications for fuel cells, whether mobile or stationary.

121

Fuel Cell Technologies

Süd-Chemie’s fuel-processing catalysts can handle virtually all hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as:

• Natural gas

• LPG

• Petrol

• Kerosine

• Diesel

• Heating oil

The conversion of these feeds to hydrogen involves the use of several key steps, for which Süd-Chemie supplies the catalysts.These are:

• Desulphurisation

• Reforming

• Prereforming

• Steam reforming

• Autothermal reforming

• Catalytic partial oxidation

• CO shift

• Selective CO oxidation

• Selective CO methanation

• Combustion of fuel cell off-gases

Research and Development

Continually discover something new

Whether nature, a painting, or simple every-day things: when you look closely and let yourself be inspired, you will discover

surprising details and unending possibilities. And that is exactly what sets the experts in Süd-Chemie’s Research and Develop-

ment apart. Researchers, engineers, and developers who are as tenacious as they are determined to work on new technologies.

124


Süd-Chemie has eight catalyst R&D laboratories located in Germany, the USA, Japan, India and Italy. Our catalyst R&D is particularly oriented towards applied research in the development of new prod-ucts and the study of reaction mechanisms. In order to perform these activities, our R&D laboratories are fully equipped for laboratory-scale and pilot-plant-scale catalyst preparation and catalyst testing facilities.

125


Since thorough knowledge of their physical and chemical properties is the key to understanding the behaviour of catalysts, advanced physical measurement capability is vital to our R&D laboratories.

Süd-Chemie’s testing facilities allow for the catalytic testing and evaluation of all catalysts under both standard and individual operating conditions (i.e. process conditions specified by our customers) in conventional, continuous flow or batch reactors under isothermal or adiabatic conditions.

Should you have any specific or unusual requirements that are not highlighted above, please don’t hesitate to contact us. We would be only too glad to assist you.

IntroductionService andPerformance Guarantees

The art of straightening things out

True perfection lasts longer than a glance. That is the insight that defines a quality enterprise like Süd-Chemie. What does

that mean for you as a customer? Simply this: we offer you first class service, even on location, and guarantee the

functionality of our products without any ifs ands or buts. That is partnership that pays for itself.

128

Service

Technical Service

Süd-Chemie firmly believes that even an outstanding catalyst may not provide the best performance without the appropriate level of assistance during the phases of selection, installation, start-up and operation. Our technical services has specific expertise in the areas of catalyst characterisation, catalyst installation, start-up assistance, plant operation and performance evaluations. This depth of knowledge allows us to provide the following services:

• Review of reactor system design

• Selection of proper catalyst

• Technical reviews of start-up and shutdown procedures

• Technical assistance for loading

• Technical assistance during catalyst start-up

• Routine performance evaluations

• Immediate troubleshooting

• Catalyst life projections

• Technical assistance during catalyst shut-down

• On-site training seminars for engineering and

operations personnel

• Chemical and physical analyses of spent catalyst

Süd-Chemie also has an extensive list of portable analytical and computer systems to further add to our list of resources.

129

Handling of Spent Catalysts

Süd-Chemie is not active in the field of catalyst recycling, but works closely with several specialised companies who are committed to taking back spent Süd-Chemie catalysts on favourable terms. Cooperation of this type guarantees that users of Süd-Chemie’s catalysts will always have the option of having their catalyst recycled in an eco-friendly way and at a competitive price.

Please don‘t hesitate to contact us for an up-to-date list of catalyst disposal companies.

Quality Management

Süd-Chemie is committed to quality and responsible care of the environment. Both Süd-Chemie AG and most of the Süd-Chemie Group companies have a quality and/or environmental management system in line with ISO 9001/ISO 1400.

Performance Guarantees

Süd-Chemie grants users of our catalysts performance guarantees covering the key process parameters, such as yield, selectivity and pick-up capacities. Before such guarantees are granted, the design conditions and/or the anticipated operating conditions must be evaluated.

Please contact our technical service for details of any application.

Performance Guarantees

IntroductionCatalyst Indexand Contact Details

At a glance

Where can you find the catalyst you are looking for in this catalogue? The following pages will answer that question,

showing you how to quickly target the fastest way to the right section. Enjoy!

132

Catalyst Index

Catalyst Main Metal Component Normal Application Page

ActiSorb® 300 Copper, Zinc Sulphur Removal 14, 19

ActiSorb® 301 Copper, Zinc Sulphur Removal 19

ActiSorb® 310 Copper, Manganese Sulphur Removal 19

ActiSorb® 400 Alumina COS Hydrolysis 18, 73

ActiSorb® 410 Chrome, Alumina COS Hydrolysis 18

ActiSorb® Cl 2 Sodium Oxide Chlorine Removal 14, 19

ActiSorb® Cl 3 Calcium, Zinc Oxide Chlorine Removal 14, 19

ActiSorb® Cl 6 Calcium, Zinc Oxide Chlorine Removal 14, 19

ActiSorb® F Sodium Oxide Fluorine Removal 14, 19

ActiSorb® G 1 Copper, Molybdenum Sulphur Removal 17

AcitSorb® Hg 1 Sulphur Metal Removal 14, 20

ActiSorb® Hg 2 Sulphur Metal Removal 14, 20

ActiSorb® Hg 5 Silver Metal Removal 14, 20

ActiSorb® N 1 Phosphoric Acid Nitrogen Removal 14, 24

ActiSorb® O 1 Proprietary Oxygen Removal 14, 23

ActiSorb® O 2 Palladium Oxygen Removal 14, 23

ActiSorb® O 3 Palladium Off Gas Purification 14

ActiSorb® O 4 Palladium Off Gas Purification 14

ActiSorb® O 6 Platinum, Nickel Off Gas Purification 14

ActiSorb® S 1 Zinc Oxide Sulphur Removal 14, 16



ActiSorb® S 6 Copper Oxide Sulphur Removal 14, 16

ActiSorb® S 7 Nickel Sulphur Removal 14, 15

ActiSorb® Si Sodium Oxide Metal Removal 14, 21

AmoMax 10 Iron Oxide Synthesis of Ammonia 55

ASAT® Zeolite Hydrogenation 89

ASAT® LS Zeolite Hydrogenation 89

Beta BEA Zeolite Aromatics Alkylation, Transalkylation 32

C116 Vanadium Oxide Production of Sulphuric Acid 56

C116 CS Vanadium Oxide Production of Sulphuric Acid 56

C116 HV Vanadium Oxide Production of Sulphuric Acid 56

CMG-1 Zeolite MFI Fuel Technology 82

COD-9 Zeolite MFI Fuel Technology 83

CPA 100 Zeolite MFI Fuel Technology 83

EBUF® Zeolite MFI BTX Chemistry 36

EnviCat® AKH Metal Oxides Indoor Air 109

133

Catalyst Index


EnviCat® CO Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 107

EnviCat® DOC Precious Metal Off Gas Purification105, 107,

108

EnviCat® DPF Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 107, 108

EnviCat® G133 Palladium Purification of Industrial Gases 106

EnviCat® HHC Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 106

EnviCat® KGC Metal Oxides Desulphurisation and Deodorisation 106

EnviCat® KN-44 Base Metal Off Gas Purification 106

EnviCat® N-140 Base Metal Ozone Destruction 106

EnviCat® MN-280 Metal Oxides Ozone Destruction 106

EnviCat® N-150 Base Metal Off Gas Purification105, 106,

107

EnviCat® N-500 Base Metal Off Gas Purification 106, 107

EnviCat® N-600 Base Metal Off Gas Purification 107

EnviCat® N-IDS Iron Oxide Desulphurisation and Deodorisation 106

EnviCat® NG Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 107

EnviCat® NKH Base Metal Desulphurisation and Deodorisation 106

EnviCat® NKH-2 Base Metal Ozone Destruction 106

EnviCat® SCOSE Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 109

EnviCat® TWC Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 107, 108

EnviCat® VOC Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 105, 107

FAMAX® HS Molybdenum, Iron Production of Formaldehyde 77

FAMAX® J5 Molybdenum, Iron Production of Formaldehyde 77

FAMAX® MS Molybdenum, Iron Production of Formaldehyde 77

FAMAX® TH Molybdenum, Iron Production of Formaldehyde 77

G-13 Copper Chromite Dehydrogenation 75

G-103 Cobalt-Silicon Oxide Hydrogenation 60

G-132A Copper, Zinc Hydrogenation 70, 73

G-134 A Nickel Hydrogenation 59

G-22 Copper, Chrome, Barium Hydrogenation 57, 63,

75

G-32J Carbon Sulphur Removal 17

G-49 B Nickel Hydrogenation 59

G-62 Cobalt Hydrogenation 67

G-67 Cobalt Hydrogenation 67

G-67 A Cobalt Hydrogenation 60

G-69 Nickel, Zirconium Hydrogenation 59

134

Catalyst Index


G-92D Proprietary Water Removal 14, 25

G-95 C Nickel Hydrogenation 68

G-99BCopper, Chrome, Manganese, Barium

Hydrogenation 57, 61, 69, 73

G-99CCopper, Chrome, Manganese, Barium

Hydrogenation 57

G-99D Copper, Chrome, Manganese Hydrogenation 64

H2Max 5 Palladium Production of Hydrogenperoxide 77

H2Max 5/S Palladium Production of Hydrogenperoxide 77

H2Max 50 Palladium Hydrogenation 72, 79

H2Max HAR Palladium Production of Hydrogenperoxide 77

H2Max HD PalladiumPurification of Terephthalic Acid (PTA)

79

HDMax PA Palladium Phenylacetylene Hydrogenation 40

HDMax 200 Cobalt, Molybdenum Sulphur Removal 15

HDMax 213 Cobalt, Molybdenum Tail Gas Treating 101

HDMax 214 Cobalt, Molybdenum Tail Gas Treating 101

HDMax 220 Cobalt, Molybdenum Hydrotreating 84, 87

HDMax 310 Nickel, Molybdenum Hydrotreating15, 84, 87, 92

HDMax 510 Nickel, Molybdenum Hydrotreating 92

HDMax 520 Nickel, Tungsten Hydrotreating 92

HDMax 800 Platinum Selective Hydrogenation 94

HOUDRY® CATADIENE® Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® CATOFIN® Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® CATOFIN® PS Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® CATOFIN® ES Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® CATOFIN® HY Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® DETOL® Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® LITOL® Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HOUDRY® PYROTOL® Proprietary Alkine Dehydrogenation and Dealkylation

41

HYDEX®-C Zeolite MFI Dewaxing 90

HYDEX®-G Zeolite MFI Dewaxing 90

HYDEX®-L Zeolite MFI Dewaxing 91

HYSOPAR® Zeolite MOR Naphtha Isomerization 85

HYSOPAR® SA Zirconium Oxide Naphtha Isomerization 85

ISOXYL Zeolite MFI BTX Chemistry 35

135

Catalyst Index


K 10, K 20, K 30 Acid Activated Montmorillonite Catalyst Support Material 29

K 20, K 30, KP10, KSF/O Acid Activated Montmorillonite Rearrangements / Isomerizations 29

K 5, K 40, K 10, K 2 Acid Activated Montmorillonite Alkylation / Acylation 29

KP 10, K 5, K 10 Acid Activated Montmorillonite Polymerizations / Dimerizations 29

KSF, KP 10, KSF/O, K 10 Acid Activated Montmorillonite Esterfication / Etherification 29

MAVC Zinc Oxide Production of Vinylacetatmonomer 78

MAVC/C Zinc Oxide Production of Vinylacetatmonomer 78

MegaMax® 700 Copper, Zinc Synthesis of Methanol 55

METH 134 Nickel Methanation 21, 54,

99

METH 150 Ruthenium Methanation 21, 54,

99

MHC-100 Nickel, Molybdenum Mild Hydrocracking 89

Mordenite MOR ZeoliteParaffin Isomerisation, Hydrocracking

32

MPT 10 Palladium Hydrogenation 74



MRT Ruthenium Hydrogenation 74

MTPROP® Zeolite MFIConversion of Methanol to Propylene

47

NiSAT® 200 Nickel Hydrogenation 70, 86, 88, 93


NiSAT® 310 Nickel Hydrogenation 86, 88,

93



74

NiSAT® 340 Nickel Hydrogenation 73

NiSAT® 350 Nickel, Wolfram Hydrogenation 74


93

OleMax 101 (C36-1-02) Nickel Selective Hydrogenation 42, 95



OleMax 201 (G-58 C) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 43

OleMax 203 (G-58 D) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 43

OleMax 204 (G-58 E) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 43

OleMax 250 (G-83 A) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 42


OleMax 301 (C31-1-01) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 43

OleMax 302 (G-55 B) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 43

136

Catalyst Index


OleMax 350 Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 23, 44

OleMax 353 (G-68 HX) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 44, 45

OleMax 400 (G-68 G) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 45


OleMax 452 (T-2464 B) Palladium Selective Butadiene Hydrogenation 45, 46


OleMax 601 (G-68 C-1) Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 46

OleMax 806 (C20-6-04) Cobalt-Molybdenum Selective Hydrogenation 47

OleMax 807 (C20-7-06) Nickel-Molybdenum Selective Hydrogenation 47

OXYMAX® A Copper Oxychlorination 76

OXYMAX® B Copper Oxychlorination 76

Pentasil MFI Zeolite Dewaxing 32

PHTHALIMAX® Vanadium Oxide Production of Phthalic Anhydride 78

PolyMax 131 Phosphoric Acid Cumene Synthesis 43

PolyMax 172 Zincoxide Dehydrogenation & Oxidation 75

PolyMax 301 Copper, Zinc CO + Oxygen Removal 22, 71

PolyMax 843 Phosphoric Acid Oligomerization 94

PolyMax 845 Phosphoric Acid Oligomerization 94

PRO*AOD Base Metal Ozone Destruction 106

PRO*BROIL Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 109

PRO*ECOLITH Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 105

PRO*RCO Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 105

PRO-ECO-CAT Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 109

ReforMax® 100 Nickel Steamreforming 51, 96

ReforMax® 117 Nickel Ammonia Dissociation 25

ReforMax® 210 LDP Nickel, Potassium Steamreforming 51, 97

ReforMax® 250 Nickel, Potassium Steamreforming 51, 97

ReforMax® 330 LDP Nickel Steamreforming51, 52,

97

ReforMax® 400 GG Nickel Steamreforming 52

ReforMax® 400 LDP Nickel Steamreforming 52

ReforMax® 420 Nickel Steamreforming 52

ReforMax® 450 LDP Nickel Steamreforming 112

ReforMax® M Copper, Zinc Methanol Reforming 56, 100

SCIL-TWC Precious Metal Off Gas Purification 108

ShiftMax® 120 Iron, Chrome, Copper CO Conversion 53, 97,

112

ShiftMax® 230 Copper, Zinc Low-temperature CO Conversion 54, 98

ShiftMax® 240 Copper, Zinc CO Conversion 54, 98

137

Catalyst Index


ShiftMax® 300 Copper, Zinc CO Conversion 98

ShiftMax® 800 Cobalt, Molybdenum CO Conversion 99

SHUMax 105 Palladium Selective Hydrogenation 85

STYROMAX® 3 Iron Oxide Styrene Production 39




STYROMAX® PLUS 5 Iron Oxide Styrene Production 39

Support 222 Alumina, Silica Inert and Support Material 113

Support 346 Alumina, Silica Inert and Support Material 113

SynMax® 100 Alumina Claus Reaction 82

SynMax® 200 Alumina Oxide Sulphur Recovery 101

T-2130 Copper, Zinc Hydrogenation 58, 62, 65, 66,

75

T-4004 Calcium, Zinc Hydrogenation 70, 75

T-4322 Copper, Zinc Hydrogenation 65

T-4361 Nickel, Copper Hydrogenation 58

T-4405 Cobalt Hydrogenation 60

T-4419 Copper, Chrome Hydrogenation 62, 75


T-4424 Cobalt, Manganese Hydrogenation 71


T-4489 Copper, Manganese Hydrogenation 58, 62, 63, 64,

66

TDP-1 Zeolite MOR BTX Chemistry 35

Tonsil® APT-BT Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® APT-mX Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® APT-N Alumosilicates Nitrogen Removal 14, 24

Tonsil® APT-pX Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® CO 6 x 0 G Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® CO 6 x 6 G Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® CO 6 x 6 GS Alumosilicates BTX Chemistry 38

Tonsil® CO-Jet Alumosilicates Clay Treater 91

Tonsil® CO-N Alumosilicates Nitrogen Removal 24

Tonsil® Optimum Alumina Silicate Clay Treater 93

Tonsil® Standard Alumina Silicate Clay Treater 93

138

Contact Details

1 Germany SÜD-CHEMIE AG Lenbachplatz 6 80333 Munich Phone: +49 89 5110-322 Fax: +49 89 5110-444

2 Italy SÜD-CHEMIE Catalysts Italia S.r.l. Via G. Fauser 36/b 28100 Novara Phone: +39 0321 676-700 Fax: +39 0321 676-790

3 Spain SÜD-CHEMIE Espana S.L. C/Francisco Gervás, 12 28020 Madrid Phone: +34 91 425 27-10 Fax: +34 91 425 27-11

4 USA SÜD-CHEMIE Inc. P.O. Box 32370 Louisville, KY 40232 Phone: +1 502 634-7200 Fax: +1 502 637-8765

5 USA Scientific Design Company Inc. 49 Industrial Avenue Little Ferry, New Jersey, 07643-1901 Phone: +1 201 296-4621 Fax: +1 201 807-0149

6 Brazil SÜD-CHEMIE do Brasil Ltda. Rua Industrial, 802-Bairro di Rio Abaixo 12321-500 Jacarei, Sao Paulo Phone: +55 12 3953-2288 Fax: +55 12 3951-1181

7 South Africa SÜD-CHEMIE Zeolites (Pty.) Ltd. Private Bag X 1042 3900 Richards Bay Phone: +27 35 797-4560 Fax: +27 35 797-3832

8 Russia SÜD-CHEMIE AG Moscow Office Mosenka Park Towers Taganskaja 17-23 109004 Moscow Phone: +7 095 258 59-12 Fax: +7 095 258 59-10

9 Middle East SÜD-CHEMIE AG Bahrain Branch Unitag House, 5th Floor (Bldg. 150) Government Avenue 383, Manama 315 Kingdom of Bahrain Phone: +973 17 212-113 Fax: +973 17 211-336

1

2 345

6

18 SÜD-CHEMIE Catalysts Japan Inc. 5F, Shinjuku Maynds Tower 1-1, Yoyogi 2-chome, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 151-0053 Phone: +81 3 5308-9331 Fax: +81 3 5308-9320

17 Korea SÜD-CHEMIE Korea Office 12th Fl., MBC Bldg. 1, Bumeo-dong, Susung-gu Daegu, 706-728 Phone: +82 53 745-3446 Fax: +82 53 745-3448

16 China Panjin SÜD-CHEMIE Liaohe Catalyst Co. Ltd. Hongqi Street, Shuangtaizi District Panjin City, Liaoning Province 124021 Phone: +86 427 585-3171 Fax: +86 427 585-5118

15 China SÜD-CHEMIE Shanghai Office Room 2304, Westgate Tower 1038 West Nanjing Road Shanghai 200041 Phone: +86 21 6218-4480 Fax: +86 21 6218-4491

14 Taiwan SÜD-CHEMIE Catalysts Japan Inc. Taiwan Office, Taipei World Trade Center, Room 7 F 04, No. 5 Sec. 5, Hsin-Yi Road, Taipei 110 Phone: +886 2 2725 1699 Fax: +886 2 2723 2572

13 Australia SÜD-CHEMIE Australia Pty. Ltd. 12 Peachtree Road 2750 Penrith, New South Wales Phone: +61 2 47 321-421 Fax: +61 2 47 321-678

12 Singapore SÜD-CHEMIE South East Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, The Alpha #03-03 Singapore 117684 Phone: +65 6779 1189 Fax: +65 6779 2881

10 Iran SÜD-CHEMIE Iran Branch No. 20, 4th Floor, Kamyar Bldg. No. 91 Madar Sq. Mirdamad Blv. Tehran 19119 Phone: +98 21 2225-3623 Fax: +98 21 2227-4646

11 India SÜD-CHEMIE India Pvt. Ltd. 402/403 Mansarovar 90 Nehru Place New Delhi 110 019 Phone: +91 11 646-9464 Fax: +91 11 647-3326

139

Contact Details

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140

Liabilities

Although these instructions have been prepared by experienced experts and have been based on the best available information derived from laboratory, pilot plant and commercial experience with these catalysts, Süd-Chemie does not have intimate knowledge of the customers plant and operation.

Therefore, Süd-Chemie, in issuing these instructions, cannot assume any liability for upsets and damage to either the customers plant or personnel resulting from customer`s plant and operating conditions.

The customer is urged to review these instructions carefully and to satisfy himself that their application will not be hazardous to his specific operation. Further, Süd-Chemie`s technical service representatives are present at plant start-ups in an advisory capacity only and cannot be charged with knowledge and responsibility for hazardous conditions at customers plant that might result from the application of the instructions at the specific customers site.

The information presented herein is believed to be accurate but shall not be guaranteed within the meaning of § 444 BGB (German Civil Code). The above product data and properties may vary based on fluctuations in the production process.

Any terms and conditions of delivery shall be agreed upon separately.

© 2005 Süd-Chemie AG, all rights reserved

SÜD-CHEMIE AG Lenbachplatz 6 80333 MünchenGermany Phone: +49 89 5110-322 Fax: +49 89 [email protected] S

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Sud Chemie Catalysts

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