SuCH iS life - Griffith ReviewGriffith REVIEW seems to get better with age.’ Sydney Morning Herald...

ISBN 978-1-921758-22-5

9

781921 758225 Cov

er im

age

by K

athe

rine

Hat

tam

.D

esig

n by

WH

Cho

ng/T

ext.

qu

ar

Te

rly

jo

ur

na

l

‘Style and substance sit easily together.’ Weekend Herald

GriffithReview33 SuCH iS life

Suc

h iS Life

GriffithR

eview

33

MeMOiRDeBra aDelaiDe: not for official useMeera aTKinSon: Child’s playDaViD Carlin: The true history of the Circusanna DorrinGTon: My mother and mereBeCCa ePSTein: My last-ditch attemptMeloDy l fuller: Going to Washington, DCraiMonD GaiTa: Deep connections, artistic inevitabilitiesBrian GeaCH: DenzilMarion HalliGan: The cigar boxKaTe HolDen: after the wordsSHaKira HuSSein: nine-eleven-itislloyD joneS: looking backToni jorDan: Waking upVirGinia lloyD: never stop lookinganDreW SanT: on self-knowledgejulianne SCHulTZ: Storytelling, sense-makingCarrie Tiffany: StrikerjoHn TranTer: familyCarolijn ViSSer: The veiled bride

eSSAYPeTer BiSHoP: adventures of the letter ia j BroWn: The living subjectfranK MoorHouSe: Beyond stigmaMaria TuMarKin: Beyond truth and justice

RePORTAGe MaTTHeW riCKeTSon: The blind side

POeTRY SanDra GolDBlooM ZurBo: Heart’s dreamlaura jan SHore: Hospice

PicTuRe GALLeRYKonraD WinKler: leila: losing frank

griffithreview.comread more SuCH iS life articles online and purchase previous digital and print editions

A quARTeRLY Of wRiTinG & ideAS33

debra Adelaide Peter Bishop Raimond Gaita Marion halliganKate holden

Shakira husseinLloyd Jones frank Moorhouse carrie Tiffany Maria Tumarkin and more

SuCH iS life

GR33_cover_PT.indd 1 10/06/11 2:00 PM

Praise for Griffith REVIEW

‘The best literary journal in the country.’ Sydney Morning Herald

‘An always vibrant mix of creative writing, essays, photography and ideas, Griffith REVIEW has gone from strength to strength.’ Adelaide Review

‘A varied, impressive and international cast of authors.’ The Australian

‘Griffith REVIEW represents “the long game” in journalism, providing quality analysis in an age of diminishing journalistic integrity.’ Walkley Magazine

‘Griffith REVIEW is a wonderful journal. It’s pretty much setting the agenda in Australia and fighting way above its weight…You’re mad if you don’t subscribe.’ Phillip Adams

‘It’s a cracker, a reminder of how satisfying on every level good quality non-fiction can be.’ New Zealand Herald

‘An outstanding example of what “zeitgeist” means…uncannily prophetic. Griffith REVIEW seems to get better with age.’ Sydney Morning Herald

‘Griffith REVIEW is the best literary journal in the country. Editor Julianne Schultz attracts writing of superior craftsmanship, intellectual and creative depth. If you care about writing, this is compulsory reading.’ The Age

SIR SAMUEL GRIFFITH was one of Australia’s great early achievers. Twice the premier of Queensland, that state’s chief justice and the author of its criminal code, he was best known for his pivotal role in drafting agreements that led to Federation, and as the new nation’s first chief justice. He was also an important reformer and legislator, a practical and cautious man of words.

Griffith died in 1920 and is now best remembered in his namesakes: an electorate, a society, a suburb and a university. Ninety-six years after he first proposed establishing a university in Brisbane, Griffith University, the city’s second, was created. His commitment to public debate and ideas, his delight in words and art, and his attachment to active citizenship are recognised by the publication that bears his name.

Like Sir Samuel Griffith, Griffith REVIEW is iconoclastic and non-partisan, with a sceptical eye and a pragmatically reforming heart and a commitment to public discussion. Personal, political and unpredictable, it is Australia’s best conversation.

GriffithREVIEW33Such Is Life

Edited by Julianne Schultz

INTRODUCTION

7 Storytelling, sense-making JULIANNE SCHULTZ: Past, present and future

MEMOIR

10 Looking back LLOYD JONES: A self-portrait

27 On self-knowledge ANDREW SANT: A ring and its keeper

30 Striker CARRIE TIFFANY: Looking after the heart

38 My last-ditch attempt REBECCA EPSTEIN: Notes on getting by

61 After the words KATE HOLDEN: Writing and living a memoir

66 Not for official use DEBRA ADELAIDE: Finding a name

94 The cigar box MARION HALLIGAN: Opening the treasure trove of memory

104 My mother and me ANNA DORRINGTON: A reacquaintance

115 Nine-eleven-itis SHAKIRA HUSSEIN: Crossing the borders of belonging

133 Going to Washington, DC MELODY L FULLER: Crying for Oscar Grant III

141 The true history of the Circus DAVID CARLIN: Bluff, lies and feats of skill

148 The veiled bride CAROLIJN VISSER: From Nazi Germany to Bondi, via Shanghai

161 Never stop looking VIRGINIA LLOYD: Photographing the dead and dying

168 Denzil BRIAN GEACH: Father to the man

178 Family JOHN TRANTER: Looking forward, looking back

182 Waking up TONI JORDAN: Counting my blessings

187 Deep connections, artistic inevitabilities RAIMOND GAITA: The journey from book to film

194 Child’s play MEERA ATKINSON: The biggest Sherbet fans ever

GriffithREVIEW33

ESSAY

48 Adventures of the letter I PETER BISHOP: Reading and writing in the first person

73 Beyond stigma FRANK MOORHOUSE: Musings on the sadness of privacy

85 The living subject A J BROWN: Warts and all

108 Beyond truth and justice MARIA TUMARKIN: The path to healing

REPORTAGE

127 The blind side MATTHEW RICKETSON: Deciding what to tell

POETRY

93 Heart’s dream SANDRA GOLDBLOOM ZURBO

177 Hospice LAURA JAN SHORE

www.griffithreview.com

Read more SUCH IS LIFE articles online and

purchase previous digital and print editions

Griffith REVIEW gratefully acknowledges the support and ongoing

generosity of our founding patron Margaret Mittelheuser.

COVER IMAGE:Detail from Monkeys in the Dark, by Katherine Hattam.76 x 53 cm, mixed media on paper.www.katherinehattam.com

GriffithREVIEW33 SPRING 2011GriffithREVIEW is published four times a year by Griffith University in conjunction with Text Publishing. issn 1448-2924

GRIFFITH REVIEW South Bank Campus, Griffith University PO Box 3370, South Brisbane QLD 4101 Australia Ph +617 3735 3071 Fax +617 3735 3272 [email protected] www.griffithreview.com

TEXT PUBLISHING Swann House, 22 William St, Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Ph +613 8610 4500 Fax +613 9629 8621 [email protected] www.textpublishing.com.au

SUBSCRIPTIONS Within Australia: 1 year (4 editions) $111.80 RRP, inc. P&H and GST Outside Australia: 1 year (4 editions) A$161.80 RRP, inc. P&H Institutional and bulk rates available on application.

COPYRIGHT The copyright of all material published in Griffith REVIEW and on its website remains the property of the author, artist or photographer, and is subject to copyright laws. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. ||| Opinions published in Griffith REVIEW are not necessarily those of the Publisher, Editor, Griffith University or Text Publishing.

FEEDBACK AND COMMENT www.griffithreview.com

ADVERTISING Each issue of Griffith REVIEW has a circulation of at least 4,000 copies. Full-page adverts are available to selected advertisers. To book your advert, in the first instance please email Griffith REVIEW: [email protected]

Publisher Marilyn McMeniman AM

Editor Julianne Schultz AM

Deputy Editor Erica Sontheimer

Picture Editor & Production Manager Paul Thwaites

Associate Editor David Winter, Text Publishing

Publication & WH Chong & Cover Design Susan Miller, Text Publishing

Text Publishing Michael Heyward, Kirsty Wilson, Megan Quinlan

Proofreader Alan Vaarwerk

Editorial Interns Melissa Heng, Charlie O’Brien

Administration Andrea Huynh

Typesetting Midland Typesetters

Printing Ligare Book Printers

Distribution Penguin Australia

Contributions by academics can, on request, be refereed by our Editorial Board. Details: www.griffithreview.com

This project has received financial assistance from the Queensland Government throught Arts Queensland

This project has been assisted by the Australian Government through the Australia Council, its principal arts funding and advisory body.

Subscribe to Griffith REVIEW

Discover the best Australian writers and thinkers as they tease out the complexities of the issues that matter the most.

Each themed edition presents timely and elegant new essays, reportage, memoir, fiction and poetry from a range of established and emerging authors who make Griffith REVIEW the premier Australian quarterly forum of ideas.

Visit www.griffithreview.com to see the range of subscription packages, including Digital, Print or Premium Subscriptions and much more.

You can also purchase Gift Subscriptions for your family, friends and colleagues.

Enter the promo code UBS2011 to save 20% off the retail price and receive each edition of Griffith REVIEW before it is available in stores.

‘It cannot be said often enough: Griffith REVIEW is the best literary journal in the country ... Each essay and memoir is like a great meal. It fills the reader with thoughts and leaves them deeply satisfied.’

– Sydney Morning Herald

INTRODUCTION

Storytelling, sense-making Past, present and future

Julianne Schultz

NEVER!"#$%&#!'(!)*+,(!)'-.%&/!),-!-%!+*0)!"##(!1(%2(!,"%*.!-%!+,(/!"/!-%!+,(/3!!

4)#!-%0',5!+#6',!&#7%5*.'%(!'-!5#--!.),(!,!6#0,6#!%568!"*.!'.!,5&#,6/!),-!(#,&5/!,!"'55'%(! 9#%95#! '(! '.-! .)&,55! :! +#(8! 2%+#(! ,(6! 0)'56&#(! -),&'(;! +*(6,(#! ,(6!'(.'+,.#!6#.,'5-!%$!.)#'&!5'7#-8!0,9.*&'(;!.)#!+%+#(.!,(6!-#(6'(;!'.!'(.%!.)#!#.)#&!$%&!%.)#&-!.%!#(<%/8!0%++#(.!%(8!+,('9*5,.#8!&#0/05#3!

4)#!-9##6!%$!.)'-!+,--!;5%",5!-),&'(;!'-!,5-%!*(9&#0#6#(.#6!:!-%!+*0)!.%!-,/8!-%!5'..5#! .'+#8!-%!+,(/!7%'0#-3!4)#!=*'01!&#9,&.##!%(0#!9&'>#6!%(! .)#!-.&##.-!%$!?#2!@%&1!),-!"#0%+#!,!-(,99/!;5%",5!6',5%;*#8!2'../8!=*'018!(%!.'+#!.%!2,-.#3!!

A.! .%%1! .)&##! /#,&-! $%&! .)#! $'&-.! "'55'%(! +#--,;#-! .%! "#! -#(.! %(! 42'..#&B! (%2! ,!"'55'%(!+#--,;#-!,&#!"#'(;!-#(.!#7#&/!2##13!4)#!(*+"#&!%$!9#%95#!2'.)!C,0#"%%1!,00%*(.-! '-! .'99'(;! #';).! )*(6&#6! +'55'%(8! ,(6! .)#! D)'(#-#! #=*'7,5#(.! E#(&#(!05,'+-!+%&#!.),(!,!)*(6&#6!+'55'%(3!F66!'(!.)#!-#0%(6G%&6#&!(#.2%&1-8!,(6!%(#!'(!-'H!9#%95#!'(!.)#!2%&56!,&#!,0.'7#5/!,(6!6'&#0.5/!0%((#0.#63!

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

A(!)'-!#--,/!$%&!L&'$$'.)!EMNAMO!-#7#&,5!/#,&-!,;%8!P4)#!2&'.#&!'(!,!.'+#!%$!.#&&%&Q8!C&,(1!I%%&)%*-#!6#-0&'"#6!.)#!'(.#&(#.!,-!9&%7'6'(;!,(!*(9&#0#6#(.#6!+*6!+,9!%$!.)#!)*+,(!+'(6!:!#7#&/!6,&1!0%&(#&!%(!6'-95,/8!,;;&#;,.#6!,(6!,7,'5,"5#3!?%2!.),.!.)#!'(.#&(#.!),-!"##(!9#&-%(,5'-#6!,(6!9%9*5,.#6!2'.)!.)#!9*"5'0!,(6!-#0&#.!5%(;'(;-8!$#,&-8!6#-'&#-!,(6!,+*-#+#(.-!%$!-%!+,(/8!.)#!,(,5%;/!(##6-!.%!"#!-.&#.0)#6J!-%0',5!+#6',!),-!"#0%+#!,(!%+('-0'#(.!9-/0)',.&'-.Q-!0%*0)!-*-9#(6#6!'(!.)#!05%*63!

JULIANNE SCHULTZ: Storytelling, sense-making 7

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

!I HAVE NO!'6#,3!V*.!A!6%!1(%2!.),.!.)#!6#-'&#!.%!5#,&(!$&%+!.)#!-.%&'#-!%$!%.)#&-8!.%!+,1#! -#(-#! %$! %*&! %2(! 5'7#-! "/! 6#57'(;! '(.%! .)#! 6#.,'5! %$! .)#! 5'7#-! %$! %.)#&-8! '-!-%+#.)'(;!.),.!'-!6##95/!#+"#66#63!W.%&/.#55'(;!'-!.)#!)#,&.!,(6!-%*5!%$!0'7'5'-,.'%(8!.)#!;5*#!.),.!"'(6-!9#%95#!.%!#,0)!%.)#&!,(6!.%!95,0#3!

V#$%&#!.)#!-%0',5!+#6',!&#7%5*.'%(!-2#9.!.)#!2%&56!+#+%'&!2,-!.)#!5'.#&,&/!$%&+!6*!<%*&3!I#+%'&-!2#&#!.)#!9*"5'-)#&-Q!$%&+!%$!0)%'0#J!+#+%'&-!%$!$,+%*-!9#%95#!.#55'(;!.)#!",01!-.%&'#-!%$!.)#'&! 5'7#-!,(6!.)%-#!.)#/!0&%--#68!+#+%'&-!%$!(%"%6'#-!2'.)!6&,+,.'0!-.%&'#-!:!.&,;'0!-.%&'#-!%$!5%--!,(6!+'&,0*5%*-!-.%&'#-!%$!-*&7'7,53!!

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

4)#&#!'-!,!"%6/!%$!-%9)'-.'0,.#6!,(,5/-'-!%$!.)'-!9)#(%+#(%(!:!,(6!'(6##6!'.!'-!,(!,&#,! 2%&.)/! %$! 0%(-'6#&#6! -.*6/3! 4)#! 6'$$#&#(0#! "#.2##(! +#+%&/! ,(6!6%0*+#(.,&/! #7'6#(0#8! .)#! 9#&-9#0.'7#-! %$! %.)#&-8! .)#! 6'-9,--'%(,.#! ,(,5/-'-! %$!)'-.%&',(-!,(6!"'%;&,9)#&-8!.)#!,--#--+#(.!%$!'+9,0.J!,55!6#-#&7#!.%!"#!.#,-#6!%*.3!

F.!,!+%&#!9&%-,'0!5#7#5!.)#!+#+%'&!"%%+!+,6#!+,(/!.)'(1!.),.!,(/%(#!0%*56!6%!.)'-3!K'7'(;!,(!'(.#&#-.'(;!5'$#!2,-!<*-.!.)#!"#;'(('(;B!2&'.'(;!,"%*.!'.!(%.!%(5/!)#59#6! +,1#! -#(-#! %$! '.! "*.! 9&%7'6#6! ,! 7,5*,"5#! &#0%&63! 4)#! .,-1! %$! -/(.)#-'-8!9&%7'6'(;!,!(,&&,.'7#!-.&*0.*&#8!+,1'(;!-#(-#!%$!.)#!+'(*.',#!,(6!.)#!'++#6',.#!'-!2),.!6'-.'(;*'-)#-!.)#-#!2%&1-!$&%+!6,'5/!0),..#&3!

4),(1-!.%!.)#! '(.#&(#.! '.!"#0,+#!9%--'"5#! .%!2'(15#!%*.! .)#!)'66#(!)'-.%&'#-!%$!;#(#,5%;/!X.)#!.)'&6G"';;#-.!,&#,!%$!'(.#&(#.!,0.'7'./8!"/!-%+#!0%*(.-Y!,(6!-.&#.0)!.)#!",01!-.%&/8!,(6!.)#!9,.)!$%&!.)#!)%+#+,6#!+#+%'&!2,-!9,7#63!4),(1-!.%!-(,>>/!2%&6!9&%0#--'(;!,(6!6#-';(!-%$.2,&#!,5+%-.!,(/%(#!0%*56!+,1#!,!"%%1!5%%1!;%%68!,(6!.)#!'(.#&(#.!-.&'99#6!-#5$G9*"5'-)'(;!%$!'.-!7,('./!.,;3!F(/%(#!2'.)!.)#!-.,+'(,!

8 GriffithREVIEW33

.%!2&'.#!.)#'&!5'$#!-.%&/!0%*56!6%!-%!,(6!$'(6!,(!,*6'#(0#3!I,(/!2'55!-'.!'(!"%H#-!'(!,..'0-!,(6!-)#6-!2,'.'(;!.%!"#!6'-0%7#&#68!"*.!%.)#&-!2'55!"#!#(6*&'(;!;'$.-!.),.!"&'(;!;&#,.!<%/3!!

!I AM OPTIMISTIC!.),.!.)#!0%55#0.'%(!,(6!,;;&#;,.'%(!%$!-%!+*0)!'($%&+,.'%(8!-%!+,(/!5'$#!-.%&'#-8!2'55!,66!.%!.)#!-*+!%$!)*+,(!*(6#&-.,(6'(;3!A.!2'55!#(&'0)!.)#!7'&.*,5!2%&56! '(-'6#!%*&!)#,6-3! A.!2'55!+,1#!-#(-#!%$!6'$$#&#(.!9),-#-!%$! 5'$#8!,(6!2'.)!-%+#!.'+#!$%&!&#$5#0.'%(!)#59!0&,$.!,!(,&&,.'7#!,&0!%$!,!5'$#3!

I,&.'(!F+'-!-*++#6!.)'-!*9!"#,*.'$*55/!'(!.)#!%9#('(;!9,;#-!%$!)'-!+%-.!&#0#(.!(%7#58!61,&7/,+*)*"&893#(!XZ%(,.),(!D,9#8![\]\YJ!

!

4)'-!'-!.)#!2,/!'.!;%#-3!A(!/%*&!+'6G$%&.'#-!/%*!),7#!/%*&!$'&-.!0&'-'-!%$!+%&.,5'./!X3,)"1&(922&*#"&9+*#/,&.,YB!,(6!.#(!/#,&-!5,.#&!/%*!),7#!.)#!$'&-.!0&'-'-!%$!,;#!X.4&:#34&(19;$,/;&"1)"&3,)"1&9;&)2/,)34&9*"/9+0,3&:4&.,Y3!V*.!-%+#.)'(;!7#&/!'(.#&#-.'(;!),99#(-!.%!/%*!'(!"#.2##(3!

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

!

O)'5#!.)#!%7#&G$'$.'#-!+,/!),7#!+%&#!'(!.)#'&!9,-.!",(1!.%!6&,2!%(8!/%*(;!9#%95#!),7#! 9,-.-! ,-! 2#558! 2)'0)! ,&#! 9#&9#.*,55/! %(! 6'-95,/8! ,(6! -%+#.'+#-8! ,-! '(! .)'-!#6'.'%(! %$! L&'$$'.)! EMNAMO8! +,1#! .)#! <%*&(#/! '(.%! 0&,$.#6! (,&&,.'7#-! 6'-.'55'(;!'+9%&.,(.!+%+#(.-!%$!,!5'$#3!!

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

JULIANNE SCHULTZ: Storytelling, sense-making 9

MEMOIR

Looking back A self-portrait

Lloyd Jones

!"#$%&'()%*)%*(%'%+',*-%./012%"//%3$'4)*546%)/%6'()78%9%:/#;%<6'0$%

%

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

10 GriffithREVIEW33

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

?;(*1$%)#$%C')$2%)#$%./061%-#';C$1%)/%'%5$()*@$%&6'-$7%?%D4*-B6A%*1$;)*5*$1%)#$%-643%-/6/40(%/5%)#$%)./%)$'+(%C/*;C%')%*)%/;%)#$%T/%U%C0/4;12%';1%&*-B$1%4&%)#$%&6$'(*;C%'0/+'(%/5%)#$%-'0-*;/C$;*-%#/)%1/C(%50/+%)#$%@';%&'0B$1%')%)#$%;/0)#$0;%$;1%/5%)#$%()';12%';1%5$6)%'%C$;$0'6%($;($%/5%4&6*5)%';1%'&&$)*)$% )#')%#'1%;/)#*;C%)/%1/%.*)#%.';)*;C%)/%$')%';A)#*;C7%%

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

%THAT YEAR, 19652% ?% )0'@$66$1% 4&% )/%P4-B6';1%.*)#%+A%+/)#$0% )/% ($$% /55%+A%/61$()%(*()$02%K')2%/;%'%(#*&%('*6*;C%)/%R40/&$7%N;%)#$%.#'05%.$%()//1%*;%'%1*55$0$;)%-0/.1%50/+%)#$%4(4'6%I')401'A%-0/.17%"#*(%/;$%#$61%#';1B$0-#*$5(%';1%.$&)%';1%0$+$+3$0$1%)/%.'@$%4&%')%)#$%$E-*)$1%';1%+/()6A%A/4;C%5'-$(%#';C*;C%/55%)#$%(#*&%0'*67%P(%)#$%&'(($;C$0%6*;$0%+/@$1%/4)%50/+%)#$%.#'05%)#$%()0$'+$0(%30/B$%';1%5$66%*;)/%)#$%1'0B%#'03/40%.')$0(7%J$%)40;$1%'.'A2%+A%+/)#$0%.*)#%'%)$'0%*;%#$0%$A$2%'6/;$% .*)#% #$0% (*6$;)% -/+&';*/;% 5/0% )#$% Z[\F+*6$% 0'*6% ,/40;$A% #/+$7% J#')% ';%$;/0+/4(% -/4;)0A% .$% 6*@$1% *;7% ?)(% C0'((A% $+&)*;$((% 56/')$1% 3A% *;% )#$% -'00*'C$%.*;1/.(7%J$%&'(($1%/4)% )#$%$;1%/5%;'+$6$((% )/.;(7% ?% -/461;8)%.'*)% )/%C$)%3'-B%#/+$%)/%I)$66*;%I)0$$)2%=/.$0%X4))2%.#$0$%$@$0A)#*;C%.'(%&$05$-)6A%&0/&/0)*/;$17%

I//;% &/()-'01(% 50/+% ';/)#$0% ./061% '00*@$1% *;% /40% 6$))$03/E% 9% 50/+% I*$;'2%V6/0$;-$2%=/;1/;2%&6'-$(%.#*-#%1*1;8)%5$$6%@$0A%0$'62%6$)%'6/;$%0$6$@';)7%?%5$6)%(/00A%5/0%3/)#%+A%(*()$0(%]3A%;/.%)#$%A/4;C$0%/;$2%G'03'0'2%.'(%6*@*;C%*;%L/+$2%';1%.*)#%

LLOYD JONES: Looking back 11

(/+$/;$%-'66$1%I)$5';/^Q%?%5$6)%(/00A%5/0%)#$+%3/)#%3$-'4($%)#$A%.$0$;8)%#$0$7%"#$A%.$0$%+*((*;C%/4)% /;% '66%+A% 54;7%"#$A%1*1;8)% B;/.%'3/4)%+A%&6'-$% /;% )#$% 3'-B%&/0-#2%(#'0$1%.*)#%)#$%1/C2%.#$0$%?%&/6*(#$1%+A%3//)(%';1%0433$1%1433*;%*;)/%+A%04C3A%3'667%_A%(*()$0(%./461%;/)%#'@$%B;/.;%)#*(2%34)%*;%)#/($%1'A(%;/%)./%04C3A%3'66(%.$0$% )#$% ('+$7%O;6*B$% )#$% 3'66(% (&')% /4)% /5% *;14()0*'6%+/461(% )/1'A2% )#$($%6$')#$0%3'66(%D4*-B6A%6/()%)#$*0%(#'&$2%';1%)#$*0%0/)4;1*)A%C'@$%'.'A%)#$*0%@*;)'C$Q%)#$%/61$0%3'66(%#'1%)#$%('+$%(#'&$%'(%'*0(#*&(7%%

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

?;%'%./061%.#$0$%?%#'1%6*))6$%-/;)0/6%9%(/+$/;$%$6($%1$-*1$1%.#$;%?%.$;)%)/%3$12%.#')%?%0$'1%';1%')$2%.#')%?%./0$2%6*()$;$1%)/2%6//B$1%')%';1%6//B$1%6*B$%9%#$0$%.'(%'%+/+$;)%.#$0$%?%-/461%*+&/($%+A($657%GA%4;1$0()';1*;C%)#$%'$0/1A;'+*-(%/5%)#$%3'66%?%-/461%*;564$;-$%*)(%56*C#)7%?;%5'-)/0*;C%*;%)#$($%)#*;C(%?%.'(%34*61*;C%'%-0*)*-'6%5'-46)A7%?%#'1%,4()%B*-B$1%)#$%3'66%3$'4)*5466A%9%(/%$55/0)6$((6A%?%#'016A%5$6)%*)(%.$*C#)%'C'*;()%+A%)/$7%J#')%#'1%?%1/;$% )/%'-#*$@$% )#*(`%N02% 5/0% )#')%+'))$02%.#')%#'1%?%1/;$%)/%+'B$%*)%56/')%(/%#'65F'0($16A%'-0/((%)#$%0/'1%6*B$%'%.$)%0'C %̀

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

a$'0(% 6')$0% '% (&*0'6%&4;)%./461%1$6*@$0% )#$% ('+$% (')*(5'-)*/;7%"#$%B*-B*;C% 5//)%(.$&)%4;1$0%)#$%3'667%?;()$'1%/5%(&*;;*;C%)/&%)/%3/))/+%*)%(&4;%)#0/4C#%)#$%'*0%6*B$%'%)/0&$1/7%<6/($%)/%)#$%)/4-#6*;$%'%(&*0'6%&4;)%-'0@$1%/55%+/0$%A'01(%)#';%)#$%;'B$1%$A$%$E&$-)$12%5*0()%3A%+/@*;C%*;F5*$612%)#$0$3A%'11*;C%)$00*)/0A2%3$5/0$%-40@*;C%3'-B%)/.'01(%)#$%(*1$6*;$7%%

12 GriffithREVIEW33

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bcd\(%';1%8e\(%)#$%(*1$6*;$%.'(%)#$%('5$)A%0'*6%)#')%)#$%C'+$%-64;C%)/7%P%)$'+%./461%3$%#'&&A%)/%-#$.%/55%3*)(%/5%)$00*)/0A% '6/;C% )#$% (*1$6*;$7% P% +*15*$61% '))'-B% .'(% -/;(*1$0$1% &40$% 5/66A2% $@$;%*00$(&/;(*36$2%'(%*)%0';%'%0*(B%/5%)#$%)*C#)6A%-/;)0/66$1%&'))$0;%/5%&6'A%5'66*;C%'&'0)7%V/0%C/18(%('B$2%';A)#*;C%+*C#)%#'&&$;7%%

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a$'0(%6')$02%'C$1%).$6@$2%?%@*(*)$1%)#$%+$;(.$'0%(#/&%/.;$1%3A%G/3%I-/))% ';1%P;1A%=$(6*$% /;% :'-B(/;%I)0$$)2%K$)/;$7% ?%.';)$1%'%K$)/;$% -643%,$0($A7%G/3%I-/))%+'1$%*)%-6$'0%#$%./461;8)%($66%+$%'%K$)/;$%-643% ,$0($A%3$-'4($%?%#'1;8)% $'0;$1% )#$% 0*C#)2% (*;-$% ?% .'(% ()*66% ')% (-#//6% ';1% 1*1;8)% &6'A% 5/0% )#$% -6437%?;()$'1%#$%(/61%+$%'%K$)/;$%"$-#%,$0($A2%'6(/%364$%9%'6)#/4C#%'%6/.$0%C0'1$%/5%364$2%.*)#/4)%';A%#*()/0A2%';1%*;5$0*/0%'(%(4-#%*;%$@$0A%&/((*36$%.'A7^%%


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bcd[%P66%G6'-B(7%%

"#')%('+$%A$'0%)#$%I/4)#%P50*-';%I&0*;C3/B(%)/40$1%)#$%-/4;)0A%';1%+A%(*()$0%G'03'0'2%.#/%#'1%0$)40;$1%50/+%?)'6A%)/%)0$')%4(%)/%0*(/))/%;*C#)%'5)$0%;*C#)2%3/4C#)%+$%'%(/4@$;*0%+'C'Y*;$7%"#$0$%.'(%'%&#/)/%/5%)#$%G/B(%&6'A*;C%*;%)#$%(;/.7%J'(%*)%_)%"'0';'B*%]RC+/;)2%'(%*)%.'(%-'66$1%)#$;^%/0%_)%L4'&$#4`%J#')%?%0$+$+3$0%.'(%)#$%/&$;F+/4)#$1%54;%/5%)#$%G/B(%';1%)#$%5$$6*;C%/5%&0*1$%)#')%)#$*0%#'@*;C%54;%')%/40%&6'-$%$;C$;1$0$1%*;%+$7%J#')%'6(/%()04-B%+$%.$0$%)#$*0%;'+$(7%"#$A%#'1%';%/)#$0;$((%)#')%?%1*1%;/)%'((/-*')$%.*)#%04C3A7%?)%.'(%#'01%)/%3$6*$@$%)#')%(4-#%'%()0'*;%#'1%)'B$;%)/%)#$%C'+$7%?)%.'(%'6(/%3$A/;1%)#$%3/4;1(%/5%&/((*3*6*)A%)#')%)#$A%-/461%&6'A% *)%'(%.$66%'(%.$%-/4617% ?%.'(%D4*)$% (40$%/5% )#*(7%"#$%G/B(%.$0$%#$0$% 5/0%/40%$;)$0)'*;+$;)2%';1%*;%/01$0%5/0%4(%)/%$;,/A%/40%-/4;)0A%)#0/4C#%)#$*0%$E&$0*$;-$(2%3$-'4($%6//B%')%#/.%+4-#%54;%)#$A%.$0$%#'@*;C%&6'A*;C%*;%)#$%(;/.7%%

N;% )#$%$@$%/5% )#$%V/40)#%"$()% *;%bcd[%S0%>$0./$01%+'1$%#*(% 5'+/4(%=/(B/&%S'+%(&$$-#%0$'55*0+*;C%)#$%3';%/;%_'/0*%&6'A$0(%)/40*;C%I/4)#%P50*-'7%a$'0(%6')$0%?%./461% 0$'1%#/.%T$.%f$'6';1$0(% )40;$1%'C'*;()% )#$*0% )/40*()(%'(%'% 0$(46)%/5% )#')%(&$$-#7%?%1/;8)%0$-'66%)#')%#'&&$;*;C%')%'667%P)%6$'()2% *)%1*1;8)%#'&&$;%*;%)#')%30*-B%#/4($%')%U\%I)$66*;%I)0$$)7%?%-';;/)%0$-'66%'%(*;C6$%-/;@$0(')*/;%'3/4)%'&'0)#$*1%$*)#$0%')%#/+$%/0%')%(-#//67%?%/;6A%+$;)*/;%)#*(%*;%/01$0%)/%4;1$06*;$%)#$%5/0)0$((%'(&$-)%/5%+A%-#*61#//17%

W$*)#%NE6$$2%)#$%G/B(8%5*0()%5*@$2%@*(*)$1%SA$0%I)0$$)%I-#//67%?%.'(%'%5*0()%5*@$F$*C#)%(/%?%5$6)%';%*++$1*')$%3/;17%J#')%?%0$+$+3$0%'3/4)%)#')%@*(*)%.'(%)#$%&'0)*-46'0%C0$$;% /5% )#$*0% 36'Y$0(2% 4;6*B$% ';A% C0$$;% )#')% .'(% 5'+*6*'02% ';1% )#$% I&0*;C3/B%$+36$+2%';1%'6(/%W$*)#8(%(+*6$%9%/;$%/5%)#/($%(+*6$(%.#/($%/.;$0%,4()%.';)(%)/%3$%$@$0A/;$8(%50*$;17%P3/4)%'%#4;10$1%/5%4(%3$'+$1%3'-B7%%

%IT NEVER OCCURRED% )/%+$% )#')% ?%.'(% 50/+%'% @$0A% (+'66% -/4;)0A7% ?% #'1%;/%-/;-$&)%/5%+A%&6'-$%*;%)#$%./0617%"#$%C$/C0'&#*-'6%(&'-$%/5%T$.%f$'6';1%.'(%#'01%)/%C0'(&7% ?%B;$.%.$%.$0$% (400/4;1$1%3A%/-$';7% ?%#'1% ($$;% )#$%/-$';%/;%'%+'&%&*;;$1%)/%)#$%.'66%*;%)#$%B*)-#$;7%"#$;%)#$0$%.$0$%)#/($%-*)*$(%*;%R40/&$%50/+%.#$0$%K')% ';1%G'03'0'%1$(&')-#$1% )#$*0% 6$))$0(% ';1%&/()-'01(7%GA% -/+&'0*(/;%.*)#% )#')%./0612% /40% ;$*C#3/40#//1% ($$+$1% @'()% ';1% -/+&6$E7% N40% #/4($% (')% #'65.'A%3$).$$;%)#$%C/65%-/40($%';1%)#$%K'0B%P@$;4$%-/0;$0%1'*0A7%N@$0%/40%3'-B%5$;-$%6'A%'%.'()$6';1% /5% A$66/.% (+$66*;C% 30//+%.#/($% 36'-B% ($$1% -'($(%+'1$% '% &/&&*;C%(/4;1%*;%)#$%(4++$0%#$')2%'(%.$66%'(%';%*66$C'6%14+&%.#*-#%0$C46'06A%.$;)%4&%*;%

14 GriffithREVIEW33

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

?;%+A%5'+*6A%)#$0$%.'(%;/%)'6B%/5%';-$()0A7%"#$0$%.'(%;/%($;($%/5%'00*@*;C%')%)#$%)'*6% $;1% /5% '% 6/;C% ';1% 1*()*;C4*(#$1% 6*;$'C$7% P)% #/+$% )#$0$% .'(% ;/% ./0616A%$E&$-)')*/;%/5%';A%B*;1Q%;/;$%/5%)#')%@/-')*/;'6%3*'(%)#')%$;)$0(%)#$%C$;$(%)/%&0/14-$%C$;$0')*/;%'5)$0%C$;$0')*/;%/5%1/-)/0(%';1%6'.A$0(7%"#$0$%.'(%;/%&0/5$((*/;%/0%'0)2%4;6$((%+A%+/)#$08(%B;*))*;C%';1%+A%5')#$08(%.$61*;C%'0$%)/%3$%-/;(*1$0$17%X*()/0A2%$E&$-)')*/;2%-46)40'6%0$5$0$;-$%&/*;)(%9%'66%/5%)#/($%?%.'(%)/%5*;1%/;%'%&6'A*;C%5*$617%P;1%*)%.'(%)#$0$2%'(%.$662%)#')%?%.'(%5*0()%'66/-')$1%'%&6'-$%/5%+A%/.;7%%

?;%bcdZ2% ?%.'(%/;$%/5%'% 6'0C$%34;-#%/5%;*;$FA$'0F/61(%C')#$0$1%'0/4;1% )#$% )'66%5*C40$%/5%)#$%3$(&$-)'-6$1%_0%V/0.'01%*;%)#$%#/&$%/5%3$*;C%#';1$1%'%&/(*)*/;%/;%)#$%5//)A%5*$617%J$%()//1%5466%/5%6/;C*;C%3$;$')#%#*(%/4)()0$)-#$1%5*;C$02%.'*)*;C%)/%3$%&*-B$12% )/% 3$% '66/-')$1% '% &6'-$% )#')% ./461% /55$0% +$+3$0(#*&% ';1% -$0)'*;%$;)*)6$+$;)(7% X/.% &/)$;)% )#')% /4)()0$)-#$1% 5*;C$0% .'(2% #/.% 5';)'()*-'66A% ';1%&$0@$0($6A%'03*)0'0A7%X/.%5';)'()*-'66A%'03*)0'0A%+'A%1$(-0*3$%)#$%3$C*;;*;C(%/5%/40%4;*@$0($7% K0*/0% )/% /40% 10'5)*;C% .$% #'1% (4;C% ')% )#$% )/&% /5% /40% 64;C(% !:'+'*-'%V'0$.$668%';12%)/%_0%V/0.'018(%B$$;%()04++*;C%/;%)#$%4B46$6$2%.$81%3$66/.$1%/4)%!J#$;%)#$%I'*;)(%M/%_'0-#*;C%?;87%T/.%.$%.$0$%3$*;C%(/0)$1%*;)/%56'+$)#0/.$0(2%'0-#$0(2%5//)%(/61*$0(%';1%/55*-$0(7%

T/;$% /5% 4(% B;$.% )#$% *+&6*-')*/;(% /5% /--4&A*;C% )#$% &/(*)*/;% .$% (/% $'C$06A%.';)$1%)/%3$%/40(7%J$%1*1;8)%B;/.%*5%.$%.$0$%@/64;)$$0*;C%)/%3$%'%#4+';%('-0*5*-$%/0%';%/55*-$0%('5$6A%&/(*)*/;$1%3$#*;1%6*;$(7%J#$;%_0%V/0.'01%('*1%#$%;$$1$1%)./%&0/&(%'66%/40%#';1(%9%5//6*(#6A%9%(#/)%4&7%?%.'(%'+'Y$1%)/%($$%)./%4;1*()*;C4*(#$1%5')%3/A(%&*-B$17%T/.%_0%V/0.'01%'(B$1%5/0%'%#//B$07%PC'*;2%'6/;C%.*)#%$@$0A/;$%$6($2%?%()4-B%4&%+A%#';17%_0%V/0.'01%.#$$6$1%'3/4)%.*)#%)#')%/4)()0$)-#$1%5*;C$07%X$%($$+$1%)/%B;/.%.#/%#$%.'(%'5)$07%PC'*;%9%4;3$6*$@'36A%9%?%.'(%/@$06//B$17%X$%'(B$1%5/0%)./%6/-B(%';1%#*(%$A$%(#*5)$1%)/%)#$%(B*;;A%K'.(/;%).*;(2%;$*)#$0%/;$%/5%.#/+%-/461%)'B$%'%()$&%.*)#/4)%()4+36*;C7%X$%'(B$1%5/0%)./%56';B$0(%';1%'%T/%g7%?%#'1%+A%#';1%4&%5/0%'66%)#0$$2%34)%3A%;/.%.*)#/4)%';A%0$'6%#/&$7%"#$;%_0%V/0.'01%&*-B$1%'%(+'66%B*1%5/0%#'65F3'-B7%:4()%)/%043%*)%*;%)#$%B*1%1*1;8)%$@$;%#'@$%#*(%#';1%4&7%T$E)2%_0%V/0.'01%'(B$1%5/0%'%5*0()%5*@$F$*C#)7%"#*(%)*+$%?%1*1;8)%#'@$%+A%#';1%4&7% I6/.6A% )#$% 5*;C$0%+/@$1% '-0/((% )#$% )/&(% /5% /40% #$'1(% 4;)*62% 4;3$6*$@'36A2% *)%()/&&$1%')%+$7%!"#')8(%A/428%#$%('*17%

?% 0$+$+3$0% 5$$6*;C% *;.'016A% 3*))$0% ';1% /4).'016A% (4(&*-*/4(7% ?% #'1% 3$$;%'66/-')$1% '%&6'-$% )#')% 1*1;8)% #'@$% '%&0/&$0%./01% '))'-#$1% )/% *)7% ?)%.'(;8)% $@$;% '%


.#/6$%;4+3$02%34)%'%50'-)*/;2%'%1*+*;*(#$1%50'C+$;)%/5%)#$%.#/6$7%?)%(4CC$()$1%'%@$0A%(+'66%&6'-$%)/%/--4&A7%?%1*1;8)%0$'6*($%)#$%#4C$%5'@/40%#$81%1/;$%+$%4;)*6%/40%5*0()%/0C';*($1%+')-#%'C'*;()%';/)#$0%(-#//6%';1%?%()//1%3'-B2%('5$6A%3'-B2%50/+%)#$%()$.%/5%3/1*$(%.*)#%)#$*0%5';-A%&/(*)*/;'6%;'+$(%.#*-#%*;(';$6A2%'(%*)%;/.%3$-'+$%-6$'02%?%#'1%()4-B%4&%+A%#';1%5/07%

=$))$0(%';1%&/()-'01(%50/+%5/0$*C;%&6'-$(%($;)%3A%+A%/61$0%(*()$02%K')2%()*66%*;%R40/&$%-/;)*;4$1%)/%'00*@$% *;% )#$% 6$))$03/E2%34)%-40*/4(6A% )#$A%1*1%;/)%$E)$;1%+A%($;($%/5%'%6'0C$0%./061%.'*)*;C%)/%3$%0$@$'6$1%'(%+4-#%'(%04C3A%1*17%%

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

?;% )#$%@'66$A%/40% 5')#$0(%#'016A%$@$0% -'+$% )/% )#$%C'+$(7%J$%1*1;8)% $E&$-)%)#$+%)/Q%/40% 6*@$(%';1%)#$*0(%1*1;8)%#'@$%+4-#%)/%1/%.*)#%/;$%';/)#$08(%;/.%

16 GriffithREVIEW33

)#')%)#$A%#'1%(#/.;%4(%)#$%.'A%)/%)#$%&'0B7%G4)%*;%)/.;2%')%J$66*;C)/;%</66$C$2%';1%$(&$-*'66A%')%I-/)(%</66$C$2%.$%;/)*-$1%)#$%(*1$6*;$(%&/&46')$1%.*)#%B;*))$1%+'6$% 30/.% ';1% -/')7%P)% )#$% $;1% /5% '% &'0)*-46'06A% 4C6A% C'+$% 'C'*;()% I-/)(2% '%&0*@')$%3/A(8% (-#//62% '% 5')#$0%/5% '%3/A% *;% )#$% )$'+%.$%#'1% ,4()%1*(+$+3$0$1%$;)$0$1%/40%-#';C*;C%(#$1%)/%('A%.#')%'%1*(C0'-$%.$%.$0$%)/%)#$%(&*0*)%/5%)#$%C'+$7% J$% 0'&*()(% ';1% +401$0$0(% (')% *;% '% 0/.% /5% +41% ';1% 6*()$;$1%14+35/4;1$1% ';1% (/0)% /5% '+4($1% )#')% (/+$/;$8(% 5')#$0% ./461% C/% )/% )#*(%)0/436$7%%

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


)#$*0%#';1(2%()*66%*;%)#$*0%04C3A%,$0($A(%';1%5*6)#A%(#/0)(2%';1%(*6$;)2%6*B$%)#$%0$+;';)(%/5%'%(#'))$0$1%&6')//;%0$)40;*;C%)/%#/+$%3'($7%

%I NEED TO%3'-BF)0'-B%#$0$2%3$-'4($%,4()%3$5/0$%?%()'0)$1%')%X4))%>'66$A%X*C#%I-#//6%?%$E&$0*$;-$1%'%10'+')*-%/55F5*$61%-#';C$%)#')%.$*016A%-/*;-*1$1%.*)#%'%&/(*)*/;'6%-#';C$%/;%)#$%&6'A*;C%5*$617%%

_A%&'0$;)(%1$-*1$1%)/%0$)*0$%)/%'%(+'66%-/))'C$%($)% *;%)#$%34(#%*;%_'#*;'%G'A7%N@$0;*C#)2% '(% *)% #'&&$;$12% *)%.'(% '(% )#/4C#%.$%#'1% )4+36$1% /4)% /5% )#$% B;/.;%./0617%"#$0$%.'(%;/%()0$$)7%T/%;$*C#3/40(%6*@*;C%-#$$B%3A%,/.67%?;()$'12%.$%6*@$1%'&'0)2%(400/4;1$1%3A%34(#2%/@$06//B*;C%)#$%#'03/40%'-0/((%)/%)#$%.$()$0;%#*66(%';1%)#$%-*)A7%V/0%(/+$%0$'(/;%S'1%3/4C#)%'%)$6$(-/&$7%?)%(')%/;%)#$%50/;)%6'.;2%+'((*@$6A%$;C*;$$0$12%';1%'(%($))6$1%'(%'%&436*-%+/;4+$;)7%%

P)%;*C#)%&/((4+(%-6'.$1%)#$*0%.'A%'-0/((%)#$%0//57%=*))6$%364$%&$;C4*;(%-0'.6$1%4&%'%&*&$% 50/+%)#$%3$'-#% )/%0//()%3$;$')#% )#$%.')$0% )';B7%N;%()*66%;*C#)(% 5/0$*C;%@/*-$(%0$'-#$1%4(%50/+%)#$%1$-B(%/5%)#$%/*6%)';B$0(%)*$1%4&%')%K/*;)%X/.'01%.#'057%_A%-/;;$-)*/;%.*)#%&6'-$%.'(;8)%D4*)$%)#$%('+$%'(%3$5/0$7%P%1*()';-$%/&$;$1%4&%3$).$$;%+A%6*5$%')%(-#//62%+A%6*5$%*;%)#$%X4))%';1%+A%6*5$%*;%)#$%3'A7%P%1*()';-$%)#')%.'(%)/%5*;1%*)(%$D4*@'6$;)%&6'-$%/;%)#$%04C3A%5*$61%.*)#%'%(#*5)%)/%5466F3'-B7%%

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

"#$0$% *(%;/%;$$1%)/%(&$66%/4)%)#$%@';*)A%/5% )#*(%&/(*)*/;7%P)%)#$%)*+$2% )#/4C#2%?%6*@$1%*;%)#$%.'A%)#')%+/()%)$$;'C$0(%1/2%4;-/;(-*/4(6A2%';1%4;'.'0$%/5%)#$%(#'&*;C%*;564$;-$(7%:4()%'(%*)%;$@$0%/--400$1%)/%+$%)/%./;1$0%.#A%?%'6.'A(%#'1%)/%/--4&A%'%1$(B%*;%)#$%6'()%6*;$%3$;$')#%)#$%.*;1/.(7%N0%)/%./;1$0%.#A%?%.'(%#'&&*$()%.#$;%&'0)*-*&')*;C% 50/+% )#$% $1C$% /5% )#*;C(7% ?% &6'A$1% '% &/(*)*/;%.#$0$% ')% )*+$(% ?% .'(%()')*/;$1%#'65%'%&6'A*;C%5*$61%'.'A%50/+%+A%)$'++')$(2%3$#*;1%)#$%6*;$(%'(%*)%.$0$7%?%'))$;1$1%'%(-#//6%*;%'%-/++4;*)A%*;%.#*-#%?%;/%6/;C$0%6*@$17%?;%)#$%#'01.*0*;C%/5%;$40'6%&')#.'A(%?%.'(%3$*;C%5*))$1%*;)/%3$-/+*;C%]#'&&*6A^%';%/4)(*1$0%])#/4C#%;/)%'%6/;$0^7%"#$%/)#$0%)#*;C%)/%B;/.%'3/4)%5466F3'-B(2%'(%5'0%'(%)A&$(%C/2% *(%)#')%)#$A%#'03/40%'+3*)*/;(%)#')%)#$%+/0$%-*@*-F+*;1$1%&0/&%./461%;$@$0%$;)$0)'*;7%?)8(%)04$%9%?%)#/4C#)%?%.'(%&0$))A%C//17%

?)%.'(;8)%4;)*6%#*C#%(-#//6%)#')%?%C/)%'%)04$%*1$'%/5%+A%'3*6*)*$(2%';1%)#$;2%)/%+A%1*(+'A% 9% ;/2%.'*)2% *)%.'(;8)% )#')2% #$66% ;/2% 3$-'4($% *;% 5'-)% ?%.'(%.*1$F$A$1%.*)#%

18 GriffithREVIEW33

'1+*0')*/;%9%?%('.%'%(6*C#)6A%34*6)%3/A%'%A$'0%/0%)./%/61$0%1/%(/+$)#*;C%?%#'1%;$@$0%($$;%3$5/0$7%?)%.'(%)#$%64;-#%#/402%'%5$.%.$$B(%*;)/%)#$%()'0)%/5%)#$%)#*01%5/0+Q%+A%(-#//6%4;*5/0+%()*66%(+$6)%;$.%/;%+$2%)#$%(#/0)(%()*66%3/0$%)#$*0%*0/;$1%-0$'($%';1%)#$%;$.;$((%/5%)#$%$6'()*-*)A%*;%+A%(/-B(%6$5)%0$1%+'0B(%'0/4;1%)#$%)/&(%/5%+A%-'6@$(7%?%.'(%'.'0$%/5%(/+$)#*;C%*)-#*;C%)#$%3'-B%/5%+A%;$-B7%?)%.'(%)#$%;'+$)'C%_4+%#'1%($.;%*;)/%)#$%-/66'0%/5%+A%30';1F;$.%(#*0)7%%

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

"#$%-')-#$08(%;'+$%.'(%P66';%X$.(/;7%=*))6$%+/0$%)#';%'%1$-'1$%6')$02%*;%bcgb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

X$.*$%6$5)%(-#//6%';1%?%)//B%/@$0%')%5466F3'-B7%"#$%;*-$()%)#*;C%';A/;$%('*1%'3/4)%+A%C'+$%.'(%)/%-/;54($%+$%5/0%X$.(/;7%?)%.'(%'5)$0%.$%&6'A$1%X4))%N61%G/A(7%P%(&$-)')/0%-'+$%4&%)/%+$2%';1%('*12%!?%)#/4C#)%)#')%.'(%X$.(/;2%)#$;%?%)#/4C#)%*)%-';8)%3$2%#$8(%6$5)%(-#//6h8%V/0)A%A$'0(%/;2%?%0$+$+3$0%)#$%+/+$;)7%?%#'1%0$'-#$1%4&%';1%&466$1%1/.;%/;)/%+A%5*;C$0)*&(%'%5'*6$1%5*$61%C/'6%'))$+&)%)#')%10/&&$1%,4()%3$6/.% )#$% 3'02% ';1% ($)% /55% /;% '% -/4;)$0F'))'-B7% ?% B;$.% $E'-)6A% .#')% )/% 1/7% _A%*;()*;-)(%.$0$%(#'0&7%G4)%)#$%'))'-B%.$;)%;/.#$0$7%"#$%$E-*)$+$;)%/5%)#$%-0/.1%0/($%';1%5$66%.*)#%#4+*6*')*;C%#'()$%'(%?%B*-B$1%/55%)#$%(*1$%/5%+A%5//)7%%

X$.(/;%./461%#'@$%5/4;1%'%1//0%/&$;%*;%)#')%-6/(*;C%1$5$;-$7%X$%./461%#'@$%+'1$%*)(%6*;$%6//B%0'CC$1%';1%5466%/5%#/6$(7%J#$0$'(%?%('.%'%.'66%/5%540*/4(%5'-$(%';1%


(/%B*-B$17%P;/)#$0%)#*;C%'3/4)%)#')%+/+$;)%.#*-#%($$+$1%)/%-0A()'66*($%'66%)#')%.'(%C//1%';1%')% )#$%('+$%)*+$%1$5*-*$;)%'3/4)%+A%C'+$%.'(%+A% 6'-B%/5% *;;$0%-'6+7%P6(/2%?%1*1;8)%#'@$%X$.*$8(%6//($F6*+3$1%(&$$17%X$%;$@$0%($$+$1%)/%3$%+/@*;C%')%+/0$%)#';%)#0$$FD4'0)$0%(&$$12%$*)#$07%?)%.'(%(/%$55/0)6$((7%%

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`%K$0#'&(%)#$%';(.$0%6'A%*;%/40%*;-0$146*)A7%X$%,4()%1*1;8)%5$$6%)#$%('+$%'(%.$%1*17%%

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

"#$0$%.'(%]?%6*B$%)/%)#*;B^%C$;$0'6%(40&0*($%')%K'468(%-'66F4&7%J$662%?%.'(%'+'Y$17%K'46%.'(%')#6$)*-2%34)%;/)%'(%C*5)$1%'(%?%.'(7%"/4-#*;C6A2%?%1/;8)%)#*;B%#$%'-)4'66A%0$'6*($1%)#')2%';1%?% *+'C*;$%)#$%+/+$;)%#$%0$'1(%)#*(%#$866%3$%/;%)/%)#$%&#/;$%)/%'0C4$%)#$%&/*;)7%G4)%)#$%)04)#%*(2%.#')%-'+$%;')40'66A%)/%+$2%#/;$1%*;%#/40(%';1%#/40(%/;%)#$%50/;)%6'.;(%/5%I)$66*;%I)0$$)2%.'(%+/0$%/5%'%+$-#';*-'6%-#'66$;C$%5/0%#*+7%a$)% )#$% -/'-#%($;)%#*+%/55%.*)#% )#$% 5*0()(%+$(($;C$0% *;()$'1%/5%+$7%P%C//1%)#*;C2%'(%*)%)40;$1%/4)2%3$-'4($%&#A(*-'66A%?%./461%;/)%#'@$%-/&$17%?%.'(%'%3*)%(6*C#)%9%*;%)#$%X$.(/;%+/461%34)%.*)#/4)%#*(%(&$$1%)/%C$)%+$%/4)%/5%)0/436$7%

20 GriffithREVIEW33

%"#')%A$'0%?%.$;)%)/%6*@$%*;%)#$%-*)A%.*)#%+A%(*()$0%K')%';1%#$0%;$.%#4(3';12%G/3%G0/-B*$2%'%Y//6/C*()%()41A*;C%5/0%#*(%K#S2%*;%'%.//1$;%(#'+36$(%'3/@$%)#$%W'0/0*%"4;;$67%G/3%#'1%6*@$1%*;%I*-*6A2%-/461%&6'A%)#$%&*';/2%(&$'B%?)'6*';%'5)$0%'%+';;$02%';1%.'(%'%30*66*';)%&/6*)*-'6%-'0)//;*()7%S*55$0$;)%./061(2%;$.%./061(%6'&&$1%4&%)/%)#$%1//0(%/5%)#')%#/4($%*;%L'0/'%L/'17%?%30/4C#)%'%1*55$0$;)%./061%'6)/C$)#$0%)/%*)7%%

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

"0'@$66*;C%/4)%50/+%)#$%-*)A%$'-#%+/0;*;C2%?%#'1%)#$%5466F3'-B8(%$E'6)$1%5$$6*;C%/5%04;;*;C%*;%50/+%1$$&7%"#$%'3'))/*0%./0B$0(%*;%)#$*0%.#*)$%C4+3//)(2%+/()%/5%)#$+%_'/0*2%C/)%/55%')%W'*.#'0'.#'0'7%P5)$0%)#')%()/&%)#$%)0'*;%0';%'6/;C(*1$%)#$%#'03/402%';1%C'Y*;C%'-0/((%)#$%#'03/40%*;%)#$%1*0$-)*/;%/5%/40%-/))'C$%*;%)#$%34(#%/5%_'#*;'%G'A% &0/14-$1% )#$% ;$.% ($;(')*/;% /5% ($$*;C% '% &'()% 6*5$% ;$')6A% 3//B$;1$1% ';1%&0$($0@$12%6*B$%(/+$)#*;C%'&'0)%)#')%?%-/461%&*-B%4&%';1%()41A%';1%&4)%1/.;%'C'*;7%"#$%)0'*;%(&$1%/;2%4;)*6%?%.'(%()'0*;C%1/.;%*;)/%)#$%(#'33A%3'-BA'01(%/5%K$)/;$%';1%_/$0'%';1%0$'1A%5/0%+A%/)#$0%6*5$%)/%0$-6'*+%+$7%%

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`%?;%)/.;2%)#$%6'()%34(%#'1%6$5)%#/40(%$'06*$07%T$'0%)#$%-$;/)'&#%.$%)//B%/55%*;%1*55$0$;)%1*0$-)*/;(7%K'46%4&%_/6$(./0)#%L/'1%)/%)#$%5'()*;C%#/4($#/612%.#*6$%?%#$'1$1%5/0%)#$%)0$$F-'()%(#'1/.(%'6/;C%)#$%"*;'B/0*%L/'1% ()0$)-#% /5% )#$% G/)';*-% M'01$;(2% 5*5)$$;% #/40(% '5)$0% 6$'@*;C% 5/0% )#$% +')-#2%34(#.#'-B*;C%)#$%6'()%).$;)A%+$)0$(%)/%+A%(D4'6*1%#/6$%3$;$')#%)#$%#/4($7%

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

22 GriffithREVIEW33

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

P(% 5/0% )#$% #/4($#/61% /;%L'0/'%L/'12% *)%.'(% 'C;/()*-7%_A% (*()$0% K')% ';1% G/3%G0/-B*$%.$0$%)#$%./0()%B*;1%/5%'C;/()*-(7%"#$A%#')$1%)#$%C'+$7%P66/-')$1%)#$%&0*$()%#/6$%4;1$0%)#$%#/4($%?%.'(%'36$%)/%B$$&%+A%5'*)#%'%($-0$)7%?)%+4()%#'@$%./0B$1%5/0%)#$+%'(%.$662%3$-'4($%.*)#%+A%5/0+%/5%'01$;)%5'*)#%?%.'(%'%&/)$;)*'6%$+3'00'((+$;)7%"#$0$%.$0$%'6.'A(%&$/&6$%-/+*;C%';1%C/*;C% *;% )#')%#/4($#/612%.0*)$0(2%&/6*)*-'6%&$/&6$2%*+&/0)';)%&$/&6$2%?%C')#$0$12%';1%#*&&*$(7%%

N;$%;*C#)2%.#$;%?%.'(%5*5)$$;2%+A%(*()$0%($;)%+$%/55%.*)#%'%3$'4)*546%1'0BF#'*0$1%#*&&*$%-'66$1%V$6*-*)A7%?%1/;8)%)#*;B%?%B;$.%.#$0$%.$%.$0$%C/*;C%4;)*6%.$%.$0$%)#$0$%9%')%'%1$+/;()0')*/;%/4)(*1$%K'06*'+$;)%&0/)$()*;C%'C'*;()% )#$%&6'A$0(%.#/%.$0$%&'0)*-*&')*;C% *;%)#$%P66%G6'-B%)/40%)/%I/4)#%P50*-'% *;%bce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


?%6/')#$1%)#$%+/37%?5%*)%#'1%0$'6%0'C$%*)%./461%#'@$%(+'(#$1%)#$%34(7%G4)%*)%.'(%'%('5$%B*;1%/5%0'C$2%('5$6A%';1%-6$';6A%$E$0-*($1%3$#*;1%)#$%0'*6*;C(2%)//)#6$((%5*;'66A7%?%-/461%;/)%3$6*$@$%*;%*)(%';C$07%?%B;$.%'3/4)%';C$02%34)%*;%+A%$E&$0*$;-$%?%B;$.%*)%$E-64(*@$6A%'(%'%&#A(*-'6%&#$;/+$;/;7%a/4%#*)%+$%9%?866%#*)%A/4%3'-B7%"#')8(%)#$%()455%/5% )#$% ()0$$)% ';1% 64;-#)*+$% (-0'&(7% ?% 1*1;8)% -/;;$-)% ';C$0% .*)#% *;)$66$-)4'6%*;1*C;')*/;7%P)%)#$%)*+$2%?%('*1%;/)#*;C%)/%+A%(*()$08(%#*&&*$%50*$;17%J$%10/@$%3'-B%4&% )/% L'0/'% L/'1% *;% (*6$;-$7% ?% 0$+$+3$0% +A% (*()$0% +$$)*;C% +$% ')% )#$% 1//02%&0'-)*-'66A%C6/.*;CH%!I/2%#/.%.'(%)#')`8%%

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`%J$662%A$(2%';1%;/7% ?%(4&&/0)$1%)#$%0*C#)(%/5% )#/($%.#/%.*(#$1%)/%.')-#%)#$%G/B(%&6'A7%I/%1*1%)#')%+$';%)#')%?%'6*C;$1%+A($65%.*)#%)#$%&0/F)/40%6/33A`%T/7%J'(%?%'C'*;()%'&'0)#$*1`%N5%-/40($7%G4)%-/461%?%,/*;%)#$%';)*F)/40%0';B(`%T/%9%3$-'4($%3A%;/.% )#$% '0C4+$;)% #'1% 3$-/+$% /@$0#$')$12% )/% )#$% &/*;)% .#$0$% *)% #'1% 6/()% *)(%(#'&$7%"#$%0$'6%5*C#)%-/;-$0;$1%)#$%*;)/6$0';-$%/5%/;$%($-)/0%/5%)#$%-/++4;*)A%5/0%)#$% ($$+*;C6A% *;)0'-)'36$% &/(*)*/;% /5% ';/)#$07% "#$% -#'0C$(%0$6*$1% )//% +4-#% /;%#$-)/0*;C%';1%3466A*;C7%?)(%6';C4'C$%.'(%)//%1$6*3$0')$6A%364;)2%)//%5'6(*5A*;C%';1%#A&$03/6*-h*)(%5*1$6*)A%)//%1$+';1*;C7%%

?;)$0$()*;C6A2%)#$($%'0$%)#$%('+$%0$'(/;(%.#A%?%.'6B$1%'.'A%50/+%)#$%C'+$%'(%'%&6'A$07%?%#'1%0$'-#$1%)#$%&/*;)%.#$0$%?%/;6A%.';)$1%)/%&6'A%5466F3'-B7%?%#'1%)40;$1%*;)/%'%($;)0A%.#/%-';;/)%3$%)04()$1%)/%&')0/6%)#$%-'()6$%.'66(7%?%+*C#)%5'1$%'.'A%';1%1*('&&$'0%*;)/%)#$%5/0$()%.#$0$%)#$%$;$+A%640B$17%"#$%$;$+A`%?)%*(%'%()0';C$%./012%34)%)#$%0*C#)%/;$2%3$-'4($%.#')%?%#'1%*;%+*;1%/0%@'C4$6A%'(&*0$1%)/%.'(%'%5466%0$)40;%)/% )#$%1/+*;*/;%/5% ($65#//17%V/0% )#')% )/%#'&&$;% ?%./461%;$$1% )/% 6$'@$% )#$% )$'+%$;@*0/;+$;)7%?%./461%;$$1%)/%&6'-$%+A($65%/4)(*1$%/5%)#')%.#*-#%?%#'1%'6.'A(%5$6)%'%+$+3$0%/57%%

P)%)#$%)*+$%?%.'(%4;'36$%)/%'0)*-46')$%';A%/5%)#*(7%?)%.'(;8)%4;)*6%+A%+*1F).$;)*$(2%.#$;%?%.'(%$+&6/A$1%3A%'%@$0A%C//1%3//B(#/&%*;%)#$%X4))%)/%($66%3//B(%)/%(-#//6(2%)#')% '% -/&A% /5% M0$C% _-M$$8(% 9"/$(:&'0(% ;1#$'*% 5$66% *;)/% +A% #';1(7% ?% 0$+$+3$0%0$'1*;C%*)%*;%'%@';%&466$1%4&%)/%)#$%3';B(%/5%)#$%X4))%L*@$0%';1%5$$6*;C%'(%)#/4C#%?%.'(% 1*&&*;C% *;)/% '% 6';C4'C$% )#')% #'1% ;/)% 3$$;% .0*))$;% 3$5/0$2% ';1% )#')% *;% )#$%-#'0'-)$0%/5%V/0$(B*;2%'%4;*@$0(*)A%()41$;)%&6'A*;C%5/0%'%-6432%?%.'(%0$'1*;C%'3/4)%+A($657% "#$% 0$-/C;*)*/;% .'(% ,'.F10/&&*;C7% ?;% )#$% 5*;'6% (-$;$% /5% _-M$$8(% &6'A%V/0$(B*;%0'B$(%#*(%5//)%3'-B%';1%5/0)#%'(%)#/4C#%04-B*;C%5/0%(/+$)#*;C%#*11$;%])#$%04C3A%3'66^%';1%0$&$')(%<+1)1/.1=%<+1)1/.1=%<+1)1/.1=%

%

24 GriffithREVIEW33

IN MY LAST%)$'+%&#/)/2%*;%bcei2%/;$%A$'0%/4)%/5%#*C#%(-#//62%?%'+%-6$'06A%/;$%/5%)#$%A/4;C$0%/;$(%&6'A*;C% 5/0%R'()3/40;$%I$;*/0(7% V0/+% )#$%3$+4($1%4&6';1(%/5%+*116$%'C$2%?%'+%(40&0*($1%3A%)#$%(406*;$((%/5%)#')%4;5465*66$1%5'-$7%?%-';8)%*+'C*;$%)#')%?%'-)4'66A%5$6)%(/407%J#')%.'(%)#$0$%)/%5$$6%(/40%'3/4)`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

%

LIKE MOST EX-PLAYERS%/5%+A%C$;$0')*/;%?%0$+'*;%*;%)/4-#%.*)#%)#$%C'+$7%"#$0$%'0$%@$0A%5$.%"$()(%)#')%?%#'@$%+*(($1%*;%)#$%)$6$@*($1%'C$7%"#$0$%.'(%'%)*+$%.#*6$% 6*@*;C%*;%V0';-$%';1%'C'*;%*;%P+$0*-'%)#')%?%0$6*$1%/;%;$.(&'&$0%-6*&&*;C(%($;)%50/+%#/+$%)/%B$$&%+$%4&%)/%1')$7%?%()*66%(-';%)#$%.$$B$;18(%-643%04C3A%0$(46)(2%$@$;%)#/4C#%)#$%/;6A%/;$%)#')%+*616A%*;)$0$()(%+$%*(%K$)/;$8(7%"#$%P66%G6'-B(%'0$%'%1*55$0$;)%+'))$07%

?;%U\b\2%.#$;%)#$A%&6'A$1%)#$%J'66'3*$(%*;%X/;C%W/;C2%?%#'&&$;$1%)/%3$%/;%'%56*C#)%3$).$$;%K*('%';1%G$06*;7%?)%.'(%4;($))6*;C%)/%B;/.%)#')%)#$A%.$0$%&6'A*;C%';1%?%.'(;8)%C64$1%)/%'%(-0$$;7%I/+$.#$0$%/@$0%)#$%S/6/+*)$(%?%5*C40$1%)#')%'(%(//;%'(%)#$%&6';$%)/4-#$1%1/.;%')%I-#j;$5$61%?%./461%-')-#%)#$%$E&0$((%*;)/%)#$%-*)A%';1%')%


X'4&)3';#/5%(.*)-#%)0'-B(%)/%&*-B%4&%)#$%Ie[%';1%C$)%/55%')%X'-B$(-#$0%_'0B)7% ?%B;$.%50/+%&'()%$E&$0*$;-$%)#$%5*6)#A%?0*(#%3'0%3$;$')#%)#$%)0'-B(%./461%3$%(#/.*;C%)#$%+')-#%';1%)#')%*)%./461%3$%&'-B$1%.*)#%$E&')(%';1%()0'A%G$06*;$0(7%J*)#%'%3*)%/5%64-B%?81%C$)%)#$0$%*;%)*+$%5/0%)#$%($-/;1%#'657%GA%)#$%)*+$%.$81%()'0)$1%/40%1$(-$;)%?%.'(%#'&&*$07%G4)%?%#'1%5'*6$1%)/%)'B$%*;)/%'--/4;)%)#$%?;)$0;')*/;'6%S')$%=*;$7%_A%-'6-46')*/;(%.$0$%/4)%3A%'%1'A7%

"#$0$%'0$%/)#$0(%6*B$%+$2%.#/%C0$.%4&%.*)#%)#$%('+$%&0/&/0)*/;$1%./0612%/;%)#$%('+$%&6'A*;C%5*$61(2%-/;(-0*&)$1%')%'%(*+*6'0%$'06A%'C$7%?8@$%($$;%)#$+%*;%-'5k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`%%

_A%(*()$0%K')2%3A%)#$%.'A2%*(%;/.%'%5';7%I#$%.*66%/5)$;%)0A%';1%'0C4$%.*)#%+$7%V/0%$E'+&6$2%(#$%#'(%'%(/5)%(&/)%5/0%)#$%J'66'3*$(7%?%6$)%#$0%C/%/;%')%)#$%/)#$0%$;1%/5%)#$%6*;$7% ?% .'*)% &')*$;)6A2% '(% _400'A% S$'B$0% +4()2% )/% $;140$% )#$% +/()% 0'3*1% ';1%+*(*;5/0+$1%/5%#*(%)'6B3'-B%-'66$0(2%3$5/0$%()'0)*;C%/;%+A%$14-')$1%$E&6';')*/;%'(%)/%.#A%(#$%*(%.0/;C2%-/+&6$)$6A%.0/;C2%*;%$@$0A%(*;C6$%)#*;C%(#$%#'(%,4()%('*17%P;1%)#$;2%*5%(#$%&$0(*()(2%?%0$&6A%.*)#%'%()/*-8(%(*6$;-$7%

Lloyd Jones is a Wellington-based writer whose books include the novel Hand Me Down World (Text, 2010); the short-story collection The Man in the Shed (Text, 2009); Mister Pip (Text, 2006), which won the 2007 Commonwealth Writers’ Prize and was shortlisted for the 2007 Man Booker Prize; and The Book of Fame (Penguin, 2000), about the 1905 All Blacks tour of the British Isles. ‘Who’s that dancing with my mother?’ appeared in Griffith REVIEW 25: After the Crisis.

26 GriffithREVIEW33

MEMOIR

On self-knowledge A ring and its keeper

Andrew Sant

ON!"#! $%&'! ()*%+! &(),%-! (.! /! -(),! '0/'! &('.! .)1,$#2! 3'4.!5%%)! '0%-%! &6-!/!*%7/*%2! 3!5%,/)! '6!8%/-! ('! .%9%-/$!#%/-.!/&'%-!"#! &/'0%-!*(%*2!:0%);!/! &%8!*/#.!/,6;! 3!8/.!8/.0(),!"#!6($#!0/)*.!()!06'!8/'%-!<!34*!5%%)!766=(),!/!&(.0!*(.0!<!/)*!'0%!-(),!.$(>>%*!6&&2!:0(.!0/*!)%9%-!0/>>%)%*!5%&6-%2!34"!.'/#(),!()!$6*,(),.!()!?6)*6)!<!'061,0!'0%#!,6!5#!.6"%!&$/.0(%-!)/"%!<!/)*!'0%!5/.()!3!8/.!1.(),!$/7=%*!/!>$1,;!'0%!"%'/$!.6-'!#61!"/)(>1$/'%!1>!/)*!*68)!9(/!/!$%9%-!5%0()*!'0%!7%)'-/$!06'!/)*!76$*!'/>2!:0%!-(),!.06'!.'-/(,0'!*68)!'0%!>$1,06$%2!

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

ANDREW SANT: On self-knowledge 27

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

28 GriffithREVIEW33

69%-766=%*!"%/'!/)*!'86!9%,!()!/!$/=%!6&!,-/9#!/)*!5%!76)9()7%*!'0/'!)6!&()%-!"%/$!761$*!5%!6-*%-%*!()!/)#!-%.'/1-/)'Q!806!6)!/!>/-!'0-%%!./)=!'86!06$%.H()H6)%!()!/!.(),$%!8%%=!51'!.>%)'!"170!6&!0(.!'("%!()!'0%!-61,0Q!806!76).(*%-%*!'0%!0/)*H.(D%*!01)'."/)!.>(*%-.!0%!.0/-%*!0(.!061.%!8('0!'6!5%!0(.!W&-(%)*.4Q!806!."6=%*!/!>(>%Q!806!$(9%*;!/&'%-!3!$%&'!06"%;!%9%-!/$6)%Q!806;!5%(),!/!&(';!*%'%-"()%*;!>1)7'1/$!"/);!)%9%-!'66=!/!*/#!6&&!86-=!*1-(),!0(.!&6-'#H&61-!#%/-.!/.!/)!/7'1/-#;!%+7%>'!&6-!"#!"6'0%-4.! &1)%-/$;! ()! JKRXQ!806!0/*! 5%%)! /! >-6*(,#! ()!"/'0%"/'(7.Q!806;! /! $6)%!7/">/(,)%-!&6-!76--%7')%..;!"/*%!$(.'.!6&!86-*.!806.%!>-6)1)7(/'(6)!G1.'-/$(/).;!()! 0(.! 9(%8;! "/),$%*Q! 806! 8-6'%! >15$(.0%*! $%''%-.! '6! Y%$561-)%4.' /&+Q! 806.%!%#%5-68.!8%-%! $6),! /)*!8($*Q!806!6)7%!*-%8!/!861)*%*!51$$! 6)! /!V/570/-,%!-%7%(>'! /)*! ./(*! '6!"#! */1,0'%-.;! :0/'4.! 068! '0%#! 70/-,%Q! 806!8/.! /! 80(D! /'!7-#>'(7!7-6..86-*.Q!806!$69%*!80(.=#Q!806!,%0+.;!/)*!86-%;!6)!0(.!$%&'!()*%+!&(),%-;!/!,6$*!=%%>%-!-(),2!

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

Andrew Sant’s latest collection of poems is Fuel (Black Pepper, 2009). He is currently Writing Fellow at Goldsmiths College, University of London. Other prose pieces by him have recently appeared in Antipodes, Island, Meanjin and Best Australian Essays 2010.

ANDREW SANT: On self-knowledge 29

MEMOIR

Striker Looking after the heart

Carrie Tiffany

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

J?/#$B-!$/#$!6(*AB!+!#-18!

JK*($%'$-!$/%!-102!6*(4!)<*2-!./%2!.%!-/('1!5(<8B!!

92! %"%'$*0'! -/('18! D/%! <2;%*-0;%! (6! $/%! ;%60)*0""#$(*! 0-! -4(($/! "01%! #2! 0*(28! +!*%4%4)%*!#!/(4%.(*1!,*(L%'$!+!;0;!02!3*#;%!6(<*M!JD/%!?(2;%*!(6!H"%'$*0'0$58B!925!402<$%!2(.!+!#4!3(023!$(!)%!L<4,=-$#*$%;!.0$/!#!-"#)!(6!0*(28!+!.0-/!$/#$!%"%'$*0'0$5!/#;!2%@%*!)%%2!02@%2$%;8!

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

D/%!/%#*$!0$-%"6!6%%"-!2(!,#028!+2!4<'/!$/%!-#4%!.#5!#-!5(<*!;('$(*!-%2;-!5(<!(66!$(!#!-,%'0#"0-$I!$/%!/%#*$!*%6%*-!,#02!$(!($/%*!,#*$-!(6!$/%!)(;58!+2!4%2!$/0-!0-!<-<#""5!$/%!'/%-$!(*!$/%!"%6$!#*4O!02!.(4%2I!$/%!2%'1!#2;!$/%!L#.8!96$%*!(2%!,#026<"!%,0-(;%!(6!$#'/5'#*;0#!+!*#1%;!$/%!6"%-/!(66!45!L#.!.0$/!45!6023%*-!#2;!.#-2B$!%@%2!#.#*%!

30 GriffithREVIEW33

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

+!/#@%!"0@%;!.0$/!$#'/5'#*;0#!#""!(6!45!#;<"$!"06%8!S(4%!(6!45!-/#*,%-$!4%4(*0%-!#*%!2($!(6!-,%'060'!#$$#'1-I!)<$!(6!$/%!/<40"0#$0(2!(6!)%023!-%%2!02!,#02!02!,<)"0'8!+!*%4%4)%*!$*#@%""023!(2!#!$*#02!02!T*%%'%I!$/%!-4%""!(6!("0@%-!(2!$/%!)*%#$/!(6!$/%!)(5!-0$$023!2%7$!$(!4%I!#2;!/0-!'*5!(6!-<*,*0-%!#-!+!6%""!#3#02-$!/048!U%$<*2023!6*(4!$/#$!-#4%! $*0,! +! -#.! 45! 4($/%*! #$! $/%! #0*,(*$! /(";023! #! )<2'/! (6! 6"(.%*-! 02! /%*!(<$-$*%$'/%;!/#2;!"01%!#!'"<)I!./0"%!+!.#-!6*(R%2!-(4%!;0-$#2'%!#.#5I!-<21!)5!$/%!.%03/$!(6!45!)#'1,#'1!#2;!$/%!-<;;%2!,#028!92;!02!V%2$*#"!9<-$*#"0#!+!-/#*%;!#!-"%%,023!)#3!.0$/!#!4#2!./(!#--<4%;!45!,#"%!#2;!$*%4)"023!-$#$%!.#-!$/%!*%-<"$!(6!/0-!-10""-!#-!#!"(@%*8!!

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

&2'%!02-0;%!45!/%#*$!$/%!'#*;0("(30-$!.0""!J,"#5!#*(<2;B!#2;!;%'0;%!./#$!$(!;(!2%7$8!C(-$!"01%"5!/%!.0""!)<*2!45!/%#*$!<-023!*#;0(!6*%X<%2'58!+6!0$!3(%-!.%""!$/%!$#'/5'#*;0#!-/(<";!)%!'<*%;8!+6!0$!3(%-!)#;"5!/%!403/$!#''0;%2$#""5!)<*2!#!/("%!02!45!/%#*$I!(*!#''0;%2$#""5!)<*2!$/%!.*(23!-%$!(6!%"%'$*0'#"!'0*'<0$*5!#2;!+!.0""!2%%;!$(!)%!60$$%;!.0$/!#!,#'%4#1%*8!?/#$%@%*!$/%!(<$'(4%I!/%!-#5-!$/#$!45!/%#*$!.0""!)%!#!)0$!<,-%$!6(*!#!./0"%8!P(!+!/#@%!#25!X<%-$0(2-A!

+$!0-!#!"($!$(!;03%-$8!+!#-1!06!/%!'#2!)<*2!#.#5!$/%!,0%'%!(6!45!/%#*$!"#)%""%;!J,#-$!"(@%-B8!W%!6*(.2-I!'"(-%-!45!60"%!#2;!-$#2;-!$(!-/#1%!45!/#2;8!?%!.#"1!$/*(<3/!$(! /0-! -%'*%$#*5B-! (660'%! $(! #**#23%! #! ;#$%! 6(*! $/%! (,%*#$0(28! +! /%#*! $/%! -%'*%$#*5!*%402;!/04!#)(<$!/0-!<,'(4023!.%%1!02!W#.#00!#2;!+!$/021!/(.!-$*#23%!0$!4<-$!)%!$(!/#@%!-(4%(2%!12(.!%7#'$"5!./%*%!5(<!.0""!)%!%@%*5!;#5!(6!$/%!5%#*8!S/%!/#-!

CARRIE TIFFANY: Striker 31

-/#;%;!/0-!;0#*5!.0$/!;066%*%2$!)"('1-!(6!'("(<*%;!,%2'0"I! "01%!#!)#*!3*#,/8!H@%2!$/%! -%'*%$#*5! 0-! 3((;I! +! $%""! 45-%"68! S/%! ;(%-2B$! *<-/! $/023-8! S/%! ;(%-2B$! "%$! $/%!,%2'0"!3(!(<$-0;%!$/%!"02%8!

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

9!2%.%*!6*0%2;I!Q0RI!02-0-$-!$/#$!+!@0-0$!/%*!#!6%.!;#5-!)%6(*%!$/%!(,%*#$0(28!&2!$/%!#6$%*2((2!+!3(!$(!/%*!/(<-%!-/%!0-!-$#2;023I!$#""!#2;!30*"0-/!02!/%*!.%%1%2;!L%#2-I!#$!$/%! 6*(2$! ;((*8! S/%! $#1%-! 4%! (<$! $/%! )#'1! $(! 4%%$! /%*! /<-)#2;I! ./(! 0-! 4#1023!L%.%""%*5!02!$/%!-/%;8!?%!-$#2;!#2;!.#$'/!#-!/%!-(";%*-!-(4%!-0"@%*!(2!#!)*(('/8!

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

JV(4%!(2I!V#**0%8!>%%"!0$8!+$!0-2B$!-(!)#;8!Z()(;5!%@%2!2($0'%-8!Z($!.0$/!'"($/%-!(2I!#25.#58B!

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

Y()!.#-/%-!/0-!4<3!#$!$/%!-021I!,<$-!/0-!-/0*$!(2!#2;!3(%-!)#'1!$(!$/%!-/%;8!Q0R!.#$'/%-!#-!/%!.#"1-!$/*(<3/!$/%!3#*;%28!W%B-!;(023!.%""I!-/%!-#5-8!D/%*%!/#-!)%%2!

32 GriffithREVIEW33

-(4%!%4($0(2#"!<,/%#@#"!#2;!-(4%!;%,*%--0(2I!)<$!-((2!/%!.0""!,#--!$/%!4#30'!-07=4(2$/!4#*18!+6!5(<B@%!-<*@0@%;!-07!4(2$/-!#6$%*!#!/%#*$!#$$#'1!5(<*!(;;-!#*%!$/%!-#4%!#-!%@%*5(2%!%"-%B-8!W%*!@(0'%!-.%""-!.0$/!'(2'%*2!6(*!/048!!

Q0R!/<3-!4%!6#*%.%""!#$!$/%!;((*8!S/%!0-!102;"5!#2;!6<""!(6!3((;!02$%2$0(2-8!S/%!12(.-!$/#$!$/%!.(*-$!(<$'(4%!(6!45!-<*3%*5!.0""!)%!#!,#'%4#1%*I!-(!-/%!#**#23%;!$(!-/(.!4%!(2%8!+2!/%*!402;!+!/#@%!'(26*(2$%;!45!6%#*!#2;!'(4%!$/*(<3/8!

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

!SOME HOSPITAL PROCEDURES!#*%!)#66"0238!&2!$/%!4(*2023!(6!$/%!(,%*#$0(2!+!*%,%#$!45!2#4%!#2;!;#$%!(6!)0*$/!$(!-%@%2!;066%*%2$!,%(,"%8!Y(*%;I!+!$/021!(6!4#1023!-(4%$/023!<,8!9!2<*-%!-/#@%-!45!,<)0'!/#0*8!+B;!;(2%!$/0-!45-%"6!$/%!;#5!)%6(*%I!)<$!#!2<4)%*!$.(!0-2B$!-/(*$!%2(<3/8!D/%!2<*-%!-#5-!-/%!"01%-!$/%!"((1!(6!#!2<4)%*!(2%8!!

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

>*0$R!0-!$/%*%!./%2!+!.#1%!<,8!W%!0-!#!4%;0'#"!%7'/#23%!-$<;%2$!6*(4!T%*4#258!H@%*5! ;#5! /%! .#$'/%-! -(4%(2%B-! (,%*#$0(28! D(;#5! /%! '/(-%! $(! .#$'/! 402%8! +!-$*<33"%! $(! (,%2! 45! %5%-! #3#02-$! $/%! ,<""! (6! '/%40'#"-8! >*0$R! )"021-! /#,,0"58! W%!"((1-!02(*;02#$%"5!,"%#-%;!.0$/!/04-%"68!9-!06!/%B-!,%*6(*4%;!$/%!(,%*#$0(2!/04-%"6!:!-023"%=/#2;%;"5I!6*%%!(6!'/#*3%!#2;!02!$/%!(,%2!#0*8!

J\(<!@0""!@%%"!#!"%%$"%!;*(.-58B!

W%! /#-! "%$$<'%! )%$.%%2! /0-! $%%$/8! +! 6#;%! (<$! #3#02! 02$(! #! ,/#*4#'%<$0'#"! /#"6=;*%#4!./%*%!>*0$R!0-!/%",023!W%0;%!$%2;!/%*!3(#$-!(2!$/%!3"(--5!3*%%2!-"(,%-!(6!$/%!9",-8!D/%5!#*%!$#"1023!#)(<$!'/%%-%8!!


?/%2!+!.#1%!#3#02!+!#4!02!#!;066%*%2$!*((4!)<$!>*0$R!0-!-$0""!$/%*%8!W%!.#2$-!$(!#-1!4%!X<%-$0(2-I!)<$!02$<)#$0(2!/#-!-'*#,%;!4(-$!(6!$/%!"02023!(66!45!$/*(#$!#2;!+!'#2B$!-,%#18!W%!#-1-!$(!02-,%'$!45!J3*(02-BI!$(!'/%'1!$/#$!$/%!@%02-!$/#$!.%*%!(,%2%;!6(*! $/%! '#$/%$%*! .0*%-! #*%2B$! )"%%;023! (<$8! +! #4! ,(.%*"%--! #3#02-$! /0-! '/%%*8! W%!-40"%-! #2;! 2(;-! #2;! )<-$"%-! #2;! .*0$%-! 2($%-! $(! /04-%"68! W%! /<4-! #! 6("1-5! "0$$"%!-(23!<2;%*!/0-!)*%#$/8!

D/%!2%7$!-"#)!(6!$04%!0-!$/0'1!#2;!"<4,0-/8!+!-"%%,!#2;!-"%%,8!?/%2%@%*!+!.#1%!0$!0-! #! -$*<33"%! $(! 3%$! (<$! 6*(4! <2;%*2%#$/! -(4%$/023! /%#@5! #2;! -4($/%*023!:! $/%!)"#21%$!(6!#2#%-$/%-0#8!

9! 3*%#$! ;%#"! (6! 4%;0'02%! 02! 9<-$*#"0#! 0-! #;4020-$%*%;! )5! -,(*$023! #2#"(358! +!.(2;%*!06!0$!0-!$/%!-#4%!02!($/%*!'(<2$*0%-A!Z<*-%!T#*5!./%%"-!$/%!)"((;!,*%--<*%!4(20$(*! (@%*! $(! 45! )%;8! W%! ,<$-! /0-! 60-$-! <,I! -,#*-! .0$/! 0$I! $/%2! *%%"-! )#'1!,*%$%2;023!/%!/#-!$#1%2!#!2#-$5!)"(.8!

J?/#$!#*%!5(<!*%#;023!$/%2AB!

JV/%1/(@8B!

J9!$/*0""%*AB!

JZ(8!D/#$B-!4(*%!$/%!($/%*!)"(1%I!P(-$(5%@-158B!

JU03/$(8!+B""!"((1!/04!<,8!+!"01%!#!6(*%032!$/*0""%*8B!

Z<*-%! T#*5! -#5-! +B4! "((1023! ,*%$$5! 60$8! W%! -#5-! +B@%! '"%#*"5! ,<$! 02! -(4%! -("0;!.(*1!,*%=-%#-(2!#2;!+B""!-((2!)%!$#1023!45!,(-0$0(2!(2!$/%!60%";!#3#028!W%!'#<$0(2-!4%!#)(<$!$/%!;066%*%2'%!)%$.%%2!3%2%*#"!60$2%--!#2;!4#$'/!60$2%--!#2;!-#5-!0$!403/$!$#1%!-(4%!$04%!)%6(*%!+!/#*;%2!<,!%2(<3/!$(!,"#5!$/%!6<""!6(<*!X<#*$%*-8!W%!$#1%-!45!,<"-%!#2;!)"((;!,*%--<*%8!W%B-!04,*%--%;8!]<-$!)5!"5023!6"#$!(<$!(2!#!/(-,0$#"!)%;!+B@%!04,*%--%;!/048!!

J\%,I!5(<B*%!"((1023!,*%$$5!;#42!60$8B!!

W%!.*0$%-! -(4%$/023!(2!45!'/#*$!#2;!.#"1-!#.#5I!,"#5023!#! 6%.!)"('1!-/($-!.0$/!#2!#0*!'*0'1%$!)#$!#-!/%!"%#@%-8!!

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

34 GriffithREVIEW33

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

JS$%#;5!(2I!30*"IB!/%!-#5-8!

+!.#2$!$(!)%!$(<'/%;!)5!-(4%(2%!./(!"(@%-!4%8!+!-$#*$!$(!'*58!Z<*-%!T#*5!#-1-!06!45!/%#*$!/<*$-8!+!.0,%!45!6#'%!(2!$/%!-/%%$!#2;!-#5!5%-8!W%!3(%-!(66!6(*!-(4%!,#0210""%*-!$/#$!/%!-#5-!.0""!;(!$/%!$*0'1I!)<$!(6!'(<*-%!$/%5!.(2B$8!

!I HAVE MASSAGED!$/%!/%#*$!(6!#2($/%*8!+!.#-!.(*1023!#-!#!,#*1!*#23%*!#$!95%*-!U('18!D/%!/%#*$!)%"(23%;!$(!#!D%7#2!.(4#2!./(I!#3#02-$!#""!4%;0'#"!#;@0'%I!/#;!'"04)%;! $/%! *('1! .0$/! /%*! ,#'1#3%! $(<*! 3*(<,8! W%*! /%#*$! 3#@%! <,! L<-$! #-! $/%5!*%#'/%;! $/%! $(,! #2;! +! .#-! $/%! 60*-$! *#23%*! (2! $/%! -'%2%8! D/%! 021! (2! 45! 60*-$! #0;!'%*$060'#$%!.#-!-$0""!.%$I!+!.#-!)#*%"5!$.%2$5!#2;!45!$%%$/!.%*%!'/#$$%*023!.0$/!6%#*I!)<$!+!.#-!%7,%'$%;!$(!$#1%!'(2$*("8!D/%!.(4#2!.#-!"5023!'"(-%!$(!$/%!'#0*2!./%*%!$/%!*('1!6"#$$%2-!(<$!02$(!#!-%*0%-!(6!6(";-!#2;!-.#"%-8!S/%!.#-!-<**(<2;%;!)5!/%*!'(#'/!,#*$5!:!$.%2$5!"#*3%!D%7#2-!02!'/%X<%*%;!-/0*$-!#2;!L%#2-!#2;!-$#'1=/%%"%;!)(($-! #2;! /<3%! -0"@%*! )%"$! )<'1"%-! "01%! /%#@5.%03/$! )(7023! $*(,/0%-8! D/%5! -$((;!#*(<2;! /%*! 3*0,,023! $/%0*! $%2=3#""(2! /#$-! #2;! -/0%";023! /%*! #3#02-$! $/%! .02;8! +!*%4%4)%*!$/%!.02;I!$/%!-(<2;!(6!0$!./0,,023!#$!(<*!/#0*!#2;!'"($/%-I!/#@023!$(!5%""!$/*(<3/! 0$! $(!)%!/%#*;8!9! "#*3%!4#2!.#-! "%#2023!(@%*! $/%!.(4#2I!,#$$023!#$!/%*!'/%-$!#2;!'/#2$023!02$(!/%*!6#'%I!JW("5!C($/%*I!W("5!C($/%*I!W("5!C($/%*8B!!

+!$/(<3/$!$/%!4#2!4<-$!)%!/%*!-(28!+!6(<2;!(<$!"#$%*!$/#$!/%!.#-!/%*!/<-)#2;8!D/%!.(4#2! .#-! $025! :! #! .0-/)(2%! 02! #! "#@%2;%*! -/0*$! .0$/! ,%#*"5! ,(,=-$<;-8! W%*!)*%#$/023!.#-!-/#""(.!#2;!+!'(<";2B$!602;!#!,<"-%8!+!12%"$!)%-0;%!/%*I!"#'%;!45!6023%*-!$(3%$/%*!#2;!,"#'%;!$/%!/%%"!(6!45!*03/$!/#2;!(@%*!/%*!)*%#-$)(2%8! +$!.(<";!/#@%!


)%%2!%#-0%*!06!-/%!/#;!)%%2!"5023!(2!#!6"#$!-<*6#'%8!+$!.(<";!/#@%!)%%2!%#-0%*!06!+!/#;!12(.2! ./#$! +! .#-! ;(023 !̂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

D/%!)03!4#2!.#-!4(@023!#*(<2;!)%/02;!4%!'/#2$023!/0-!'/#2$!02$(!$/%!.02;8!W%!'(<";2B$! 1%%,! -$0""8! W%! ,#'%;! )#'1.#*;-! #2;! 6(*.#*;-! #*(<2;! $/%! 3*(<,I! %#'/! (6!$/%4!*%#'/023!(<$!$(!$(<'/!/04!#-!/%!.%2$!,#-$8!+!.(2;%*%;!06!$/%5!/#;!12(.2!%#'/!($/%*!)%6(*%!$/%!$*0,I!06!$/%5!.%*%!#!'/<*'/!3*(<,!(*!#!6#*4023!'"<)!(*!L<-$!2%03/)(<*-8!D/0-!.#-!5%#*-!)%6(*%!"02%!;#2'023I!)<$!$/%5!/#;!$/#$!6%%"!#)(<$!$/%4!:!"#*3%I!'"<4-5!6("1!./(!"01%;!$(!4(@%!$(3%$/%*!#-!#!3*(<,8!!

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

D/%!.(4#2!.#-!#0*"06$%;! $(!9"0'%!S,*023-! 6(*!#!)5,#--!(,%*#$0(2!#2;! $/%2!-%2$!)#'1!$(!D%7#-8!D/%!;('$(*!$(";!4%!$/#$!/%!.#-2B$!-<*%!/%*!/%#*$!/#;!#'$<#""5!-$(,,%;!#$!#25!,(02$I!)<$!+!'%*$#02"5!/#;2B$!;(2%!/%*!#25!/#*48!W%*!2#4%!.#-!Y%$$5=S<%8!S/%!.#-!6(*$5=%03/$8!!

9!'(<,"%!(6!4(2$/-!"#$%*!#!,#*'%"!#**0@%;!#;;*%--%;!$(!JD/%!T0*"!U#23%*B8!D/%*%!.#-!#!$/#21!5(<!2($%!02-0;%!#2;!#!?%-$%*2!-/0*$!.0$/!%,#<"%$$%-!#2;!,(,=-$<;-!#2;!-(4%! /#2;=%4)*(0;%*5! (2! $/%! '(""#*8! +! $/(<3/$! 0$! .#-! #! -$*#.)%**5! :! -(4%$/023!,"<4,!#2;!-$0'15="((1023!02!)*03/$!*%;!$/*%#;8!Y<$!$/%!($/%*!*#23%*-!-#0;!2(8!D/%5!-#0;!0$!.#-!#!/%#*$8!

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

36 GriffithREVIEW33

A COMPLICATION ARISES8!D/%*%!0-!#2($/%*!-$02$!02!/(-,0$#"8!D/%!'#*;0("(30-$!0-!(@%*-%#-I!)<$!#-!-((2!#-!/%!*%$<*2-!/%!*023-!$(!-#5!/%!0-!-(**5!#2;!+!#4!-<*,*0-%;!#$!$/%!<23<#*;%;!2#$<*%!(6!/0-!#,("(358!+!#4!2($!-<*,*0-%;!$/(<3/I!./%2!/%!;%-'*0)%-!/0-!40-$#1%!#-!J;*(,,023!$/%!)#""B8!W%!0-!-,%#1023!$(!4%!(2!#!4()0"%!,/(2%!02!/0-!'#*8!D/%!*0'/!$*044023-!#2;!<,/("-$%*5!4(;<"#$%!/0-!@(0'%8!W%!-#5-!0$!0-!*#*%!$(!/#@%!#!)#;!(<$'(4%8!+!/%#*!#!$*#4!*<4)"%!,#-$8!W%!/#23-!<,!#2;!+!.(2;%*!./%*%!/%!0-!3(0238!D(!$/%!(,%*#A!?/%*%@%*!/%!3(%-I!/%!.0""!)%!$/%!(2"5!,%*-(2!./(!/#-!-%%2!$/%!02-0;%!(6!45!/%#*$8!!

D/%! '(4,"0'#$0(2! /#-! %--%2$0#""5! *%,"#'%;! (2%! 4%;0'#"! '(2;0$0(2! .0$/! #2($/%*8!D/%*%!0-!2(!,#'%4#1%*8!+!"((1I!$(!#25(2%!./(!;(%-2B$!12(.!4%I!02$#'$8!+2!6#'$I!+!/#@%!-.#,,%;!#2!02$%*40$$%2$!,#026<"!'(2;0$0(2!6(*!#!'(2-$#2$!,#026<"!'(2;0$0(28!!

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

>02#""5I!+!$%""!"0%-!#)(<$!45!/%#*$8!+!#$$%2;!#!.(*1!-('0#"!6<2'$0(28!+$!0-!,*()#)"5!$((!-((2!$(!)%!(<$!02!,<)"0'8!C5!"%6$!#*4!0-!02!#!-"023!#2;!#!4#2!+!#4!02$*(;<'%;!$(!#-1-!4%!./#$!+B@%!;(2%!$(!45-%"68!+!$%""!/04!0$B-!#!2%$)#""!02L<*58!+!#4!L<-$!2<;3023!60@%!6%%$!$#""!#2;!/#@%!2%@%*!.(*2!#!,(25$#0"8!_%*5!#-$<$%"5I!/%!#-1-!4%!./#$!,(-0$0(2!+!,"#58!D/%!(2"5!-,(*$!+!12(.!#25$/023!#)(<$!0-!-(''%*8!+!$%""!/04!+B4!#!-$*01%*8!!

W%!$#1%-!#!-0,!(6!/0-!;*021!#2;!-#5-I!JQ#;58!Q#;5I!5(<B*%!#!)<""-/0$!#*$0-$8B!

Carrie Tiffany is a former park ranger who lives in Melbourne, where she works as an agricultural journalist and writer. Her first novel, Everyman’s Rules for Scientific Living (Picador, 2006), was shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award and the Orange Prize for Fiction. Her new novel, Mateship with Birds, will be published by Picador in early 2012.


MEMOIR

My last-ditch attempt Notes on getting by

Rebecca Epstein

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

4!2'99!)+99!$8/!&82!4!%(0+!)8!?+!0+7'%()+76!&82!4!%(0+!)8!?+!/30+7'%()+76!(37!&82!4!%(0+!)8!83%+!(=('36!;'3(99$6!?+!0+7'%()+7-!G&'#!'#!0$!9(#)!())+0")!()!2*')'3=!2&'9+!0+7'%()+71!$+#6!0$!9(#)!())+0")!)8!2*')+6!?+%(/#+!450!?'"89(*6!(37!')5#!;/%:'3=!#$#%&'()*+!/"-!!

!IT ALL BEGAN!H!9+)5#!78!')!)&'#!2($!H!2&+3!4!2(#!+9+D+3-!457!?++3!;+#)+*'3=!2')&!I$0+!7'#+(#+!;8*!(!$+(*!?$!)&+36!?/)!4!7'735)!:382!')-!E/)!)&()!'#!(38)&+*!+##($!45D+!(9*+(7$!2*'))+36!(!=887!83+6!?(%:!2&+3!4!%8/97!2*')+-!J&+3!4!2(#!+9+D+36! K(3=9$!K8'3)#!(37!#/""9'%()'3=!"(90#6!4!)+37+7!)8!&(D+!)&+#+L+"'#87+#L2&+*+'3!0$!0'37!28/97!?+%80+!(!#)(*?/*#)!8;!3+/*8)*(3#0'))+*#!(37!7+37*')+#6!(37!4!28/97!$(00+*!(37!)("!0$!;++)!(37!%9+3%&!0$!;'#)#!)8!0$!)+0"9+#6!(37!%/*9!/"!()!)&+!)8"!8;!)&+!#)('*2+99!)&()!9+7!)8!0$!())'%!?+7*880-!B$!"(*+3)#!28/97!#)(37!()!)&+!?8))80!8;!')6!%*(3'3=!/"2(*76!M(75#!+$+#!?/=='3=6!B/05#!3(**82+76!(37!)&+$!28/976!2+996!$+99-!E+%(/#+!2&()!+9#+!%8/97!)&+$!78N!,#-./)0/&12/31*4'/5'16./&124%#/+%12*3#37!0$!7(7!#('7-!4!*+0+0?+*! )&()-!G&+!28*7#! )2'))+*+7! '3)8!0$!+(*! %(3(9#! (37! #9/'%+7! )&*8/=&!0$!)+0"8*(9! 98?+#6! (37!(*8/37!(37!(*8/37! )&+$!2+3)6!"(*#'3=! '3)8! )&+'*! 9+))+*#!(37!)&+3!'3)8!#0(99+*!"'+%+#6!)&+!#)'%:#!(37!%/*D+#!)&()!0(7+!/"!)&+!9+))+*#6!2&'%&!987=+7!'3)8!0$!#$3("#+#!(37!0(7+!#&*'99!#'*+3!#8/37#6!(37!4!#%*+(0+7-!

38 GriffithREVIEW33

G&()5#!&82!)&+!?'"89(*!;'*#)!0(3';+#)+7-!

<37!382!450!)2+3)$A#+D+36!(37!4!&(D+! )&'#!78%)8*!2&8!/*=+#!0+!)8! )(:+!"'99#!)&()!&(""+3!)8!0(:+!0+!;()6!?+%(/#+!2&()!78+#!#&+!%(*+!#&+5#!')#$6!(37!8)&+*!"'99#!)&()!0(:+!0+!#9/7=$1!)&()!'#6!0$!0'37!'#!#9/7=+6!0$!)&8/=&)#!(*+!#9/7=+6! 4! %(338)! '()*86! 4! %(338)! ;'37! )&+! 28*7#6! )&+! 28*7#! 4! 2(3)! )8! /#+! )8!)*(D+*#+!)&+!7'#)(3%+!?+)2++3!$8/!(37!0+6!(37!4!(0!#)8""+7!'3!0$!)*(%:#-!!

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

>8! 4! ?+37! 8D+*! 78/?9+! '3! 0$! 78%)8*5#! 8;;'%+! (37! %*$! /3)'9! 7*8"9+)#! 8;! ?9(%:!0(#%(*(!)+(*#! 98?!83)8!)&+!%(*"+)! ;'?*+#6!(37!4! )8+!8D+*! )&+0!2')&!0$!08%%(#'3#6!+0?(**(##+7-! OS8/!:382!)&+*+! '#!(38)&+*!8")'8365! )&+!78%)8*!#($#-! 4! 988:!/"!0'7A#3';;-!OJ+!%8/97!*+7/%+!8*!*+08D+!$8/*!0+7'%()'83#65!#&+!#($#-!OS8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!%80"9+)+9$!%&(3=+!$8/*!9';+#)$9+6!?/)!)&+*+!(*+!(!98)!8;!?'"89(*!"+8"9+!2&8!9'D+!)&'#!2($-5!

OF865! 4! #($-! OG&+*+5#! 38! 2($-5! 4! (0! #)'99! '3! )&+! 897! 0'37#+)6! ;8*! (38)&+*! ;'D+!0'3/)+#-!G&+!0/#)A?+A0+7'%()+7!0'37#+)-!

OJ&()! $8/! 28/97! &(D+! )8! 78! '#! %&(3=+! +D+*$)&'3=65! #&+! %83)'3/+#-! >&+! )'%:#!)&'3=#!8;;!83!&+*!#0(99!;'3=+*#-!OS8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!)(:+!80+=(AT!;())$!(%'7#!(37!EA%80"9+,!D')(0'3#6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!+,+*%'#+!+D+*$!7($6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!=+)!()!

REBECCA EPSTEIN: My last-ditch attempt 39

9+(#)!#+D+3!&8/*#!8;!#9++"!+D+*$!3'=&)6!()!)&+!#(0+!')"#!+D+*$!3'=&)6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!;89982!(!*8/)'3+!+D+*$!#'3=9+!7($6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!;89982!(!&+(9)&$!7'+)6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!(D8'7!#)*+##!(37!+0"98$!#)*+##!0(3(=+0+3)6!(376!08#)!'0"8*)(3)9$6!$8/!28/97!&(D+!)8!?*'3=!$8/*!;*'+37#!(37!;(0'9$!'3!83!)&+!"9(3-!S8/!28/97!&(D+!)&+0!(#!(!#/""8*)!#$#)+0-!S8/!3++7!)8!)+99! )&+0!2&()!$8/!(*+!78'3=6!E+%%(1!$8/!3++7!)8!)+99!)&+0!$8/!(*+!=8'3=!8;;!8;!0+7'%()'83!(37!(#:!)&+0!)8!:382!)&+!2(*3'3=!#'=3#!8;!0(3'(!(37!2&()!)8!78!'3!%(#+!')!&(""+3#-5!

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

OU'3+65!4!#($6!9':+!(!#/9:'3=!%&'97-!E/)!*+(99$6!4!(0!?+$837!+,%')+7-!OI+)5#!78!')-5!

!LET ME GO!?(%:2(*7#!(=('3-!!

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

E/)!0$! )*(3#')'83! )8! )&+! 9(37! 8;! (789+#%+3%+!2(#! 38)! )&+! ;('*$)(9+! 4! &(7! ?++3!(3)'%'"()'3=-! W3! 0$! )&'*)++3)&! ?'*)&7($! 4! &(7! (! %897! )&()! *8"+7! 0$! 9'0?#! (37!7*'""+7!)&*8/=&!0$!#'3/#+#-!G&+!#&'D+*#!28/9735)!9+)!/"-!<!%+9+?*()'83!&(7!?++3!"9(33+71!0$!;(0'9$!2(#!=8'3=!)8!=8!'3)8!)&+!%')$!)8!#++!E9/+!B(3!@*8/"!"+*;8*0!)&+'*!2'9$! '3)+*)2'3'3=! %8?(9)!7(3%+-!J+!&(7!?++3!"9(33'3=! ')! ;8*!2++:#6!0($?+!083)&#X! ')! '#! 7';;'%/9)! )8! *+0+0?+*! )&+#+! 7+)('9#6! +#"+%'(99$! %83#'7+*'3=! 2&()!&(""+3+7!(;)+*2(*7#-!!

>8!2+!2+3)-!W3!)&+!7(*:!7*'D+! '3)8!B(3&())(3!2+!#)8""+7!()!(!M/(3+!Y+(7+!7*/=#)8*+6!()!(!%8*3+*!2&+*+! )28!8D+*7*+##+7!?9(%:!0+3!#%*+(0+7!()!+(%&!8)&+*6!(37!2&'9+!)&+!%(*!'79+7!0$!08)&+*!*(3!'3!(37!=8)!#80+!%8/=&!0',)/*+!H!)&+!*+76!?'))+*!:'37-!

<)!)&+!)'0+6!)&+!839$!*+(9!7(0(=+!)&+!#$*/"!#++0+7!(?9+!)8!'3;9'%)!83!0$!?87$!2(#! ')#! #'3'#)+*! )(#)+6!2&'%&!"*'%:+7!0$! )(#)+!?/7#!(37! '3#"'*+7! )&+!=*+()+#)!=(=!*+;9+,! 457! +D+*! +,"+*'+3%+7-! .D+*$)&'3=! '3#'7+! 0+! */#&+7! /"! )82(*7! )&+! #/*;(%+6!

40 GriffithREVIEW33

)&*8/=&!0$!3(**82!)&*8()6!+!+!#('7!0$!?87$6!(37!4!#"()!)&+!0+7'%'3+!?(%:!8/)!'3)8!)&+! D'%'3')$! 8;! )&+! "9(#)'%! %/"-! B$! 9'))9+! #'#)+*! %(%:9+7! 3+,)! )8! 0+6! )8)(99$!/3#$0"()&+)'%!839$!?+%(/#+! #&+!:3+2! #>!-'9&!2&()! 4!2(#!=8'3=! )&*8/=&6!&(D'3=!?++3!#'%:!?+;8*+-!

O?%)*8! ')Z5! #('7!0$!08)&+*6!2&8!&(7!"/*%&(#+7! )'%:+)#! )8!E9/+!B(3!@*8/"!(37!=87!&+9"!&+*!2+!2+*+!=8'3=!)8!#++!E9/+!B(3!@*8/"!()!#+D+3!85%98%:! ';! ')!0+(3)!"(*)'3=!)&+!#+(#6!*+(9'=3'3=!)&+!#)(*#!8*!0+*+9$!%/*'3=!0$!;/%:'3=!%897-!

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


)&+!9+(#)!+7/%()+7!8;!/#!%(3!:'%:!)&*8/=&!)&+0!2')&!8/*!?+7*880!#9'""+*#-!J8*7#!9':+! O0(3(=+0+3)56!(37!O&(00+*56!(37!O)*/3%()+5-!E9(&6!?9(&-!J&()!4!2(3)!(*+!)&+!-9!55&!28*7#6!)&+!28*7#!)&()!%83D+$!)&+!0+(3'3=!'3!83+!#$99(?9+!(37!)&*82!')!'3)8!78/?)!'3!)&+!3+,)-!['"A#&(:'3=!%(7+3%+-!<!08/)&A;++9-!@'00+!)&8#+!28*7#-!!!AND WHEN I!2(#!;';)++36!(!?'=!#%(*$!?8$!98%:+7!0+!'3!(!*880!(37!089+#)+7!0+6!(37!(;)+*6!4!?+%(0+!#+D+*+9$!7+"*+##+7!(37!%8/9735)!=+)!8;;!)&+!%8/%&!;8*!083)&#6!(37!;/%:!#%&8896!;/%:!)&()6!4!2()%&+7!)&+!#/3!;'9)+*!'3!)&*8/=&!)&+!2'3782!;8*!)28!083)&#!(37!)&8/=&)!')!2(#!)&+!7(*:+#)!)&'3=!457!+D+*!#++3-!G&+!78%)8*!"/)!0+!83!(3!(3)'7+"*+##(3)!(37!7'(=38#+7!0+!2')&!"8#)A)*(/0()'%!#)*+##!7'#8*7+*!(37!4!9(/=&+76!?+%(/#+!4!3)3!;++9!9':+!(!D+)+*(36!8&!=8873+##6!$+#6!?/)!')!&(7!D+*$!9'))9+!)8!78!2')&!?+'3=!#+,/(99$!(##(/9)+7-!F8)&'3=!&(7!;+9)!*'=&)!'3!;'D+!$+(*#-!4!2(#!38)!)&+!=897+3!%&'97! (3$08*+-! 4!2(#! &/*)9'3=! )82(*7! #80+! ;/%:+7A/"! +37! (37! +D+*$83+! '3!0$!;(0'9$!:3+2!')!(37!2&+3!0$!7(7!988:+7!()!0+!')!2(#!2')&!7'#0($!(37!)&()! K/#)!0(7+!0+!;++9!08*+!;/%:+7!/"!(37!(3=*$-!B$!)&8/=&)#!2+3)!(*8/37!(37!(*8/37!(37!4!2(3)+7!)8!*'"!0$!823!&('*!8/)!(37!#80+)'0+#!4!7'7-!

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

U8*=+)!)&+!#%'+3%+!8;!')-!4!=(D+!9826!=*'))$!#%*+(0#!)&()!*'""+7!/"!0$!)&*8()6!(37!4!)&*+2!7'#&+#!()!)&+!2(99#6!(37!)&+3!#%*+(0+7!#80+!08*+!2&+3!)&+$!7'735)!?*+(:-!4!)88:!(3!897!#%*+2!(37!%(*D+7!/"!0$!(*0#-!B$!'3)+99+%)!2(#!?*'=&)!(37!?9'37'3=6!0$!)&8/=&)#!2+*+!98/7!(37!#)(%%()86!(37!)&+!'3#'7+#!8;!0$!+(*#!&/*)!;*80!)&+!D89/0+-!4!)&'3:!4!)*'+7!)8!:'99!0$#+9;-!W*!4!)*'+7!)8!)*$-!W*!4!)*'+7!)8!"*+)+37!)8!)*$-!W*!4!K/#)!=(D+!/"!(37!9+)!0$!08)&+*!)(:+!0+!'3!)8!)&+!0+3)(9!&8#"')(9-!

!I SEND MY!;*'+37#!(3!+0('9!)&()!'3%9/7+#!)&+!;89982'3=1!

G&+!B($8!^9'3'%!2+?#')+!#&8/97!='D+!$8/!(!98)!8;!'3;8*0()'83!(?8/)!2&()!:'37!8;!#)/;;!)8!988:!;8*!'3!)+*0#!8;!0(3'(6!?/)!&+*+!(*+!#80+!8)&+*!"+*#83(9'#+7!%9/+#!)&()!4!0'=&)!?+!0(3'%1!

H!M*+##'3=!'3(""*8"*'()+9$!8*!2+(*'3=!#&'*)#!)&()!#&82!8;;!0$!?88?#!

H!I(/=&'3=!+,%+##'D+9$!

H!.,)*(!2'))$!(37!;/33$!!

42 GriffithREVIEW33

H! G(9:'3=! D+*$! P/'%:9$_+,%+##'D+9$! 8*! '3)+**/")'3=! (! 98)! 9':+! 4! &(7! 98)#! 8;!%8;;++!

H!E+'3=!/"!(99!3'=&)!\#8!';!$8/!=+)!+0('9#!;*80!0+!'3!)&+!0'779+!8;!)&+!3'=&)6!)&()5#!(!%9/+]!

H!J*')'3=_%*+()'D')$!

H!@8'3=!83!98)#!8;!7()+#_;9'*)'3=!2')&!+D+*$83+!'3!#'=&)!

H![$='+3+!8/)!)&+!2'3782!8*6!(9)+*3()'D+9$6!+,%+##'D+!0(:+A/"!

H!E+%80'3=!8?#+##'D+!(?8/)!#80+)&'3=!

H!M+%*+(#+7!(""+)')+-!!

W:($6!)&()!#&8/97!='D+!$8/!(!=887!'7+(-!E/)!4!)&'3:!2+5*+!=8'3=!)8!?+!8:($-!450!&$"80(3'%!*'=&)!382!(37!450!78'3=!;'3+-!4)5#!K/#)!(!0())+*!8;!2()%&'3=!8/)!;8*!*+(9!0(3'(!)&()5#!)&+!"*8?9+0-!4!)&'3:!+D+*$)&'3=!2'99!?+!;'3+6!*+(99$Z!E/)!4!K/#)!2(3)+7!)&'#!(99!)8!?+!#+)!/"6! K/#)! '3!%(#+-!<37!(=('36!4! )&(3:!$8/!;8*!?+'3=!#8!#/""8*)'D+-!I8D+!$8/-!

4!(0!(9*+(7$!&$"80(3'%!2&+3!4!2*')+!)&()!+0('9!H!)&()!'#6!4!(0!(99!K(VV+7!/"6!(99!)&*/00'3=!9'0?#!(37!&/00'3=!&+(*)?+()6!&+9"9+##!=*'3!)/*3'3=!/"!)&+!%8*3+*#!8;!0$!9'"#6!)&8/=&)#!2&'))9+7!7823!(!9'))9+!#088)&+*!(37!%9+(3+*!)&(3!/#/(96!?/)!')!'#!38)&'3=!%80"(*+7!)8!2&()!'#!%80'3=-!

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

<37!2&()5#!08*+6!0$!%8()!*(%:!)*(3#;8*0#!'3)8!(!#2++)!`'*='3!B(*$-!`'89+)!(37!0(=+3)(!9'=&)!#)*+(:#!?(3)+*!'3!)&+!('*!(37!%&(;;!0+6!;9'))'3=!(2($!'3)8!)&+!3'=&)-! B$! 7+(7! a3%9+! 4*2'3! (""+(*#! '3! )&+! &(992($! 2&'9+! 4! (0! 83! )&+! )8'9+)6!?+%:83'3=!)8!0+!)&*8/=&!)&+!788*2($-!4!?9'3:6!&(*76!(37!&+!=8+#!(2($-!!

!IT WAS 20056!F8D+0?+*6!(37!4!2(#!28*:'3=6!'3!(99!"9(%+#6!'3!(!9(?!)&()!#)/7'+7!)&+!"*+%/*#8*#!8;!#%&'V8"&*+3'(-!B$!K8?!2(#!)8!%(99!"8)+3)'(9!%*(V'+#!(37!(#:!)&+0!P/+#)'83#! ;*80! (! 7'(=38#)'%! P/+#)'833('*+1! OM8! $8/! +D+*! ;++9! #)*(3=+! ?87'9$!#+3#()'83#6! #/%&! (#! $8/*! &+(7! ;98()'3=! (?8D+! $8/*! ?87$N5! OM8! $8/! +D+*! ;++9! 9':+!"+8"9+!0'=&)!?+!8/)!)8!=+)!$8/N5!


G&+!#/?K+%)#!;8*!)&+!08#)!"(*)!9(/=&+7!(37!#('7!386!(37!4!08D+7!83!)8!)&+!3+,)!P/+#)'836!?/)!2')&!+(%&!'3)+*D'+2!0$!=/)#!%9+3%&+7!)'=&)+*6!/3)'9!4!2(#!(!2(9:'3=!;'#)6!(!=*'))+7! )&'3=!2(')'3=! ;8*!#80+!(3#2+*!(#! )8!2&$! 4!2(#! )&'3:'3=!$+#! )8! )&+!P/+#)'83#! +D+3! (#! 4! (#:+7! )&+0! )8! )&+! #(3+! #)*(3=+*#! 83! )&+! "&83+-! J')&! )&+!7'(=38#)'%!"82+*#!=*(3)+7!)8!0+!?$!)&+!+#)++0+7!"*'3%'"(9!'3D+#)'=()8*6!4!7'(=38#+7!0$#+9;!(#!#%&'V8"&*+3'%-!4!#"+3)!0$!U*'7($#!'3!)&+!9(?!(37!4!2+3)!&80+!(37!4!2+")!'3)8!0$!7'*)$!"'9982!(37!4!9($!'3!?+7!2&'9+!0$!/3%9+!)(9:+7!)8!0+!;*80!)&+!%8*3+*!8;!)&+! *8806!2&+*+!&+!2(#!(99!?9(%:! 9':+!(! #'9&8/+))+6!(37! 4! %8/9735)!&+(*!&'0!?/)! 4!-1293!&+(*!&'06!(37!4!;+9)!"(*(9$#+7-!4!;+9)!9':+!4!%8/97!38)!08D+!#8!0/%&!(#!0$!982+*!9'"6!0$! 9'))9+! )8+6!(!7'9()+7!"/"'96!?+%(/#+! 4!2(#!(37!(92($#!28/97!?+!(!%()()83'%!;('9/*+-!B$!/3%9+!)897!0+!)&+!#)8*$!8;!(99!)&+!?(7!)&'3=#!)&()!&(7!+D+*!&(""+3+7!)8!0+6!(37!4!9'#)+3+76!(37!4!2(')+7!;8*!&/3=+*!)8!;(7+!'3)8!3(/#+(!)8!;(7+!'3)8!38)&'3=-!

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

<37!)&/#!4!2(#!;'3(99$!7'(=38#+7!(!?'"89(*-!

!AH, MY LAST-DITCH!())+0")-!4!K/#)!2(3)!)8!2*')+!2+99-!G&()!'#!2&()!4!2(3)!08#)!'3!9';+-!G8!2*')+!)&+!#+3)+3%+!)&()!(%&+#!'3!$8/*!089(*#!?+%(/#+!')!'#!#86!#8!#2++)6!(37!#86! #8! ?'))+*6! )88-! 4! 2(3)! )8! %(")/*+! )&+! #&'3+! 8;;! (! %(37$! 2*(""+*! (37! )&+! )(#)+!9'3=+*'3=!83!)&+!;8'9-!4!2(3)!)8!2*')+!)&+!#()'#;$'3=!616!8;!?/??9+!2*("!(37!)&+!#'=&!8;!(! 78=! =8'3=! )8! #9++"! (37! )&+! #0+99! 8;! K/#)A?8'9+7! "(#)(! (37! (99! )&8#+! 8)&+*!7'#=/#)'3=9$!98D+9$!)*/'#0#!)&()!2+!2(3)!#8!0/%&!)8!%(")/*+!(37!"'3!7823!)8!)&+!"("+*6!$+#6!4!2(3)!)&()6!4!2(3)!)&()-!

[+*+5#!)&+!)&'3=-!B$!78%)8*!+3)*/#)#!0+!2')&!7'#%'"9'3+-!>&+!)+99#!0+!)8!%&(3=+!0$!9';+-!<37!4!786!4!#2+(*!')6!;8*!)28!2++:#-!4!2(9:!0$!78=6!I/,6!;8*!(3!&8/*!+D+*$!7($!(983=!)&+!?':+!)*('9!3+(*!0$!&8/#+-!4!+()!839$!3/)*')'8/#!;887-!4!7835)!7*'3:6!8*!#08:+6!8*!78!7*/=#-!4!(D8'7!#)*+##-!4!0+7')()+-!4!#9++"!()!3'=&)-!4!(0!+113-!!

44 GriffithREVIEW33

<37!2&+3!4!#++!83+!8;!0$!='*9#!()!%8;;++!#&8"!(37!#&+!(#:#!&82!4!(0!78'3=!2')&!(!&(37!83!0$!#&8/97+*6!4!"()!)&()!&(37!(37!4!#($6!O4!(0!;'3+-!4!(0!(!9'))9+!0(3'%6!?/)!4!(0!8:($-5!

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

4!*+0+0?+*!)&+!"89'%+!)(:'3=!0+!)8!)&+!&8#"')(9!(38)&+*!)'0+6!?+%(/#+!4!&(7!?++3!%(99'3=! 0$! ?+#)! ;*'+37! .*'%(! 8D+*! (37! 8D+*! (=('36! )&+! "&83+! "'+*%'3=! &+*! 3'=&)!0($?+!)2+3)$!)'0+#!'3!(3!&8/*6!(37!(99!4!2(3)+7!)8!78!2(#!)+99!&+*!&82!(3=*$!4!2(#!()!&+*6!(37!2&8!:382#!;8*!2&()-!U8*!2&()6!4!7835)!:382-!J+!2+*+!?'))+*!;*'+37#-!<37!4!2(#!0(3'%-!>8!#&+!%(99+7!)&+!"89'%+-!G&+!"89'%+!%(0+6!(37!4!"*+)+37+7!4!&(7!


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

B8#)! 8;! 0$! D'#')#! )8! )&+! &8#"')(9! 4! 7835)! *+0+0?+*-! >80+)'0+#! 450! (70'))+76!08#)9$!38)-!B8#)9$!2&+3!450!(70'))+76! ')5#! 9':+!(!&897'3=!%+996!(!"9(%+!)8!%889!0$!&++9#!2&'9+!)&+!?'"89(*!#&(:+#!')#+9;!988#+6!/3088*#!')#+9;6!)&+!&'3=+#!%*+(:!#&/)!(37!0$! 0'37! %98#+#! ')#+9;! 2')&! (! #'=&-! <37! )&+3! 4! #9++"! ;8*! (! 983=! )'0+6! )&+! 7*/=#!2&'#"+*'3=!)&*8/=&!0$!?9887A?*('3!?(**'+*!(37!&/#&'3=!'3)8!)&+!;897#!8;!0$!=*+$!0())+*-!<37!)&()!'#!2&()!&(""+3#!382-!

!SO THE DOCTOR!"/)!0+!?(%:!83!0+7'%'3+-!

4! K/#)!*+*+(7!0$!9(#)A7')%&!())+0")!#8!;(*6!(37!')!8%%/*#!)8!0+!)&()!0($?+!4!(0!)8)(99$!;/99!8;!#&')6!0($?+!4!(0!(#!D+*?8#+!(#!4!2(33(!?+6!0($?+!4!(0!/#'3=!28*7#!9':+! O+,)+0"8*(3+8/#5! (37! OK/,)("8#')'8356! (37! 2&()! )&+! ;/%:! 78! 4! 3++7! 2')&! (!)&+#(/*/#N!450!0)*#-!B($?+!)&'#!'#35)!#8!0/%&!(!9(#)A7')%&!())+0")!(#!(!*+%9('0'3=!8;!2&()! '#! 0'3+6! 0$! (?'9')$! )8! 2*')+6! 0$! "*8%9'D')$! ;8*! 28*7#6! )&+! %80"/9#'83! )&()!08D+#!0+!;8*2(*7!'3!9';+!(37!;8*2(*7!'3!)&'#!78%/0+3)!()!)&+!#(0+!)'0+-!!

J+996!?/)!450!38)!83!)&+!:'37#!8;!0+7#!4!2(#!83!;8*!)&+!"(#)!)&*++!$+(*#-!450!8;;!8;!)&+0!08#)9$6!3826!(37!83!)&+!*(*+!8%%(#'83!4!&(D+!)8!)(:+!83+!8;!)&+0!4!38)'%+!)&+!+;;+%)#!'3!(!0'=&)$!2($-!G&+!%&+0'%(9#!)/=!83!0$!+$+9'7#!(37!;9'%:!()!0$!;'3=+*)'"#6!$(3:!()!0$!2*'#)#!#8!0$!&(37#!;9('9!)&'#!2($!(37!)&()-!G&+$!2+'=&!83!0$!&++9#!#8!4!#&/;;9+! +D+*$2&+*+! 4! 2(9:6! (37! 0$! 08/)&! &(3=#! 8"+3! (37! 0$! "/;;$! )83=/+!)&*+()+3#!)8!?/*#)!8/)!9':+!(!28*0!;*80!(!*8))+3!(""9+-!

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

46 GriffithREVIEW33

G&'#! '#!2&8! 4!(01! 4!(0!;8/*!$+(*#!8976!(!%89'%:$6! ;'3'%:$6!3+/*8)'%! ;8/*!$+(*#!8976!#/*+9$!"*+A?'"89(*6!(37!4!(0!2*')'3=-!4!(0!)(:'3=!%898/*+7!"'+%+#!8;!%83#)*/%)'83!"("+*!(37!=9/'3=!)&+0!)8=+)&+*!()!)&+!+7=+#!#8!)&+$!;8*0!(!?88:9+)6!(37!4!(0!2*')'3=!0$!;'*#)!38D+9-! 4)! '#! %(99+7!?1+/?1'5-! 4)! '#!(?8/)!(!M(90()'(3!2&8! 98#+#!&'#!78)#-!G&+!?88:! '#!%80"9+)+!2')&!(3!(/)&8*!?'8!(37!"&8)86!*+D'+2#!83!)&+!?(%:6!(37!(!?9/*?-!<99!783+!'3!%*($83-!

<37!)&'#!)881!4!(0!'3!+'=&)&!=*(7+6!(37!8/*!(##'=30+3)!'#!#'0"9$!)8!2*')+!(!#&8*)!#)8*$-!4!2*')+!83+!(?8/)!(!='*9!2&8!=+)#!98#)!'3!(!?9'VV(*7!83!&+*!2($!)8!#%&889!(37!;'37#!&+*#+9;!()!(!0(='%(9!%(?'3!2')&!(!0(='%(9!897!0(3!2&8!=*(3)#!&+*!2'#&+#-!B$!)+(%&+*!*+(7#!')!(376!(+#)&+)'%(99$!#()+76!?+='3#!)8!#8?6!;()!)+(*#!*899'3=!7823!&+*!&+(D'9$!0(7+A/"!%&++:#-!4!#)(*+!()!&+*6!#)/33+7!(37!+0"82+*+7-![006!4!)&'3:-!J*')'3=-!

<37!;'3(99$!)&'#1!4!(0!)2+3)$A83+6!(37!4!&(D+!*+)/*3+7!)8!0$!"(*+3)#5!&8/#+!;8*!(!$+(*!)8!%83D(9+#%+-!4!&(D+!I$0+!7'#+(#+-!4!&(D+!(!)/?+!'3!0$!9+;)!(*0!)&()!2+37#!')#!2($!)8!0$!&+(*)6!(37!'#!())(%&+7!)2'%+!(!7($!)8!(!?(=!8;!(3)'?'8)'%#6!2&'%&!7*'"!'3)8!0+!8D+*!)&+!%8/*#+!8;! )&'*)$!0'3/)+#-!G&+*+! '#!38)!0/%&!)8!78!2&'9+!)&+!(3)'?'8)'%#!+3)+*!0$!?9887#)*+(06!+,%+")!#)(*+!'3)8!)&+!?9/+!=982!8;!0$!9(")8"!(37!9+)!0$!;'3=+*#!;9'%:+*!8D+*!)&+! :+$#-! 43! )&+! ?(%:=*8/376! #80+83+! 83! )+9+D'#'83! #($#! #80+)&'3=! #3(*:$! (?8/)!&(D'3=!"'VV(!;8*!?*+(:;(#)!(37!K/#)!9':+!)&()6!0$!%(*++*!(#!(!2*')+*!?+='3#-!

A(!'45/)'6!4!)&'3:-!W*!*()&+*6!4!7835)!+D+3!)&'3:-!4!08D+-!4!)$"+6!O43!8/*!&8/#+!2+!()+!"'VV(!;8*!?*+(:;(#)!(37!"('3)+7!83!)&+!2(99#!2&+3!')!#)*/%:!8/*!;(3%'+#-5!G&()!?+%80+#!)&+!;'*#)!&/37*+7!"(=+#!8;!(!38D+96!2&'%&!4!/9)'0()+9$!)*(#&6!?/)!2&8!%(*+#N!4!2*8)+!')-!

E+'3=!(!2*')+*!;++9#!#8!=887!)&()!0$!K8'3)#!(*+!#2899+3!2')&!K8$6!?9887!#98#&+#!)&'%:9$!)&*8/=&!0$!D+#'%9+#X!+D+3!2&+3!450!(?#89/)+9$!0'#+*(?9+6!4!=*'3!()!(2:2(*7!080+3)#6!4!)&'3:!450!9/%:$6!450!?9+##+76!450!(A8:($-!<37!#86!2&+3!4!)(:+!#)8%:!8;!0$!#')/()'83!'3!+(*9$!bccd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

4)!2'99!&(D+!)8!78-!E+%(/#+!)&'#!'#!)&+!)&'3=!8;!')1!4!%(338)!?+!(3$!9+##!0+7'%()+7!)&(3!)&'#6!(37!4!%(338)!?+(*!)8!2*')+!(3$!28*#+!)&(3!)&'#-!M+(*+#)!a3'D+*#+6!4!3++7!)&'3=#!)8!#)($!+,(%)9$!9':+!)&'#6!"9+(#+-!W:($N!W:($-/

Rebecca Epstein is a master of fine arts student in non-fiction writing at Iowa State University.


ESSAY

Adventures of the letter I Reading and writing in the first person

Peter Bishop

!"#$%&#$'("#')#*+&,,-#

$%&.&#/,#-#0-.+&"#

-"+#12'"3-#/,#$%&.&4#

12'"3-#(%'5#!#6'2&#

$%'70%#!#%-2&#"&2&.#8&&"#/"#*+&,,-9#

#MORE! "#$%! "#&'"(! ()$'*! $+,-! "#)! .$/$&0$%12,'%! 3/)'&0$%! 4,)"! 5,6&*! 7&/4*,%!0$/)!",!36*"'$8&$!$%9!:$*!;,'!$!"&/)!&%!3'/&9$8)!$*!$!+6)*"!,;!"#)!<%&=)'*&"(!,;!>):!?%+8$%9@!A)!"$8B)9!",!/)!$2,6"!2)&%+!$!4,)"!&%!3/)'&0$!&%!"#)!()$'*!,;!"#)!C&)"%$/!D$'-!#,:!2);,')!"#)!:$'!#)!#$9!:'&"")%!$!4,)/!"#$"!2)+$%!:&"#!"#)!8&%)!:%&.&;,#"'#(-3#'7$-!$%9!#,:!96'&%+!"#)!:$'!#)!0$/)!",!B%,:!"#)!"'6"#!,;!"#)!8&%)!E!;,'!#&/*)8;-!;,'!3/)'&0$@!#

A&*! /,"#)'F*! ;$/&8(! 0$/)! ;',/! G6**&$-! ;',/! $! 4',=&%0)! &%! "#)! *,6"#! %$/)9!C,8#(%&$!E!B%,:%!",!/)9&0$8!*"69)%"*!;,'!"#)!:$")'12,'%)!9&*)$*)!C,8#(%&$!;)=)'@!H,!)*0$4)!3/)'&0$!#)!:,689!&/$+&%)!"#&*!48$0)!E!57+#-"+#8'-.+,4#<'2&.$34#$%&#,"'(#)-66/"0# +'("# $%&# "&=>,# ')# 6'2&.,# E! $%9! ')/)/2)'! #,:! #)! ;&'*"! #)$'9! $2,6"! &"-! #&*!/,"#)'F*!=,&0)!&%!"#)!"',4&0$8!%&+#"-!-#,&-#8.&&?&#,$/../"0#$%&#)6'(&.,#$%-$#'<&"#-$#+7,>4#,5&66/"0#6/>&#<&.)75&I!

!

:%&#2'/=&#$%-$#,<'>&#')#).&&?/"0#='6+#

/$,&6)#(-,#(-.5#-"+#/")/"/$&63#='5)'.$/"0@#

A'#/$#/,#(/$%#<'&$.3B#(%-$&2&.#"758/"0#%'..'.,#

/$#5-3#,<&->#')4#$%&#2'/=&#/$,&6)##

$&66,#')#6'2&#-"+#/")/"/$&#('"+&.@#

48 GriffithREVIEW33

3%9!"#&*!:$*!"#)!(-3#'7$-!"#)!,%8(!:$(I!4,)"'(-!G6**&$-!J=,%($!:&"#!#)'!!

86-=>#%-/.#-"+#&3&,#

-,#0.&&"#-,#-#,-6-+##

$%-$#3'7#0-$%&.#/"#C707,$#

8&$(&&"#$%&#.''$,#')#-6+&.9#

#

H,!;,88,:!"#)!-+2&"$7.&,#')#$%&#6&$$&.#!#D#"#)!&/$+&%$"&,%@!H,!0')$")!"#)!8$%+6$+)!,;!"#)!8)"")'!K!E!"#)!8$%+6$+)!"#$"!0$%!*4)$B!,;!%6/2&%+!#,'','*!:&"#!$!=,&0)!,;!8,=)!$%9!&%;&%&")!:,%9)'@!

!IN TAKING MY!"&"8)!;',/!5,6&*!7&/4*,%F*!LMNL!2,,B!C+2&"$7.&,#')#$%&#E&$$&.#!-!KF/!#,%,6'&%+!$!8,%+!')$9&%+!;'&)%9*#&4@!G)$9&%+!&*!$!/$"")'!,;!;'&)%9*#&4-!$*!/6*&0!*,!,;")%!&*@!H#)')!$')!*,%+*!"#$"!$')!$0O6$&%"$%0)*-!$%9!:)!%,9!",!"#)/!$*!:)!4$**!&%!"#)!*"'))"!E!$%9!"#)')!$')!*,%+*!"#$"!2)8,%+!",!6*-!$%9!,;")%!:)!B%,:!"#&*!2)8,%+&%+!;',/! "#)! /,/)%"! :)! ;&'*"! #)$'! "#)/-! $%9! ;',/! "#)%! ,%! :)! B%,:! "#)/! &%! ,6'!9))4)*"!*)8=)*-!$%9!:)!&%")'4')"!,6'!8&=)*!"#',6+#!"#)&'!*,6%9@!!

C"+.&/4#-66#53#6/)&#!;2&#8&&"#%-7"$&+##

83#F7,,/-#D#-#<6-/"4##

-#='6+#(/"+#).'5#$%&#,%$&$69#

#

H#)!8)"")'!K!*,/)"&/)*!*4)$B*!;',/!"#)!9))4)*"!*)8;!E!$%9!*,/)"&/)*!;',/!$!*8(-!)%")'"$&%&%+!*)8;-!$%9!*,/)"&/)*!"#)!8)"")'!K!9,)*%F"!*4)$B!&%!"#)!;&'*"!4)'*,%!$"!$88@!H#)!4,)/!P3!Q'&)%9!,;!"#)!Q$/&8(F#2)+&%*I!

!*"=&#7<'"#-#$/5&#/"#G-6/)'."/-##

$%&#/0"'.-"$#5-../&+#$%&#/"-"&##

-"+#$%&3#6/2&+#%-<</63#&2&.#-)$&.@#

H7$#"'(-+-3,#/"#$%&#2/66-,##

(/$%#,(/55/"0#<''6,#,%-<&+#6/>&#-#>/+"&3#

$&=%"/=/-",#-.&#8&-$/"0#$%&/.#(/2&,@#

:%&3#-.&#-==7,/"0#&-=%#'$%&.#')#5&"$-6#=.7&6$3@#

C"+#$%&#=%/6+.&"#')#$%',&#<-.&"$,##

-.&#6'"0/"0#)'.#-#.7,$/=#='557"/$3@##

:%&3#(-"$#$'#0&$#8-=>#$'#$%&#0''+#'6+#+-3,@#

PETER BISHOP: Adventures of the letter I 49

K"!:$*!"#)!"&/)!,;!;8,:)'!4,:)'!$%9!"#)!C&)"%$/!D$'-!$%9!"#)!;&'*"!4)'*,%!*"$'"*!",!4))4!,6"!:#)%!"#)!4,)"!"#&%B*!,;!R#&0#&B,=-!"#)!#(4)'$0"&=)!#)',!,%!$!2&S$'')!/&**&,%!&%!T,+,8F*!%,=)8!1&-+#A'76,I!

!

:%&,&#"/0%$,#(%&"#-#,<-=&I.'=>&$#./,&,##

-"+#&2&.3'"&#,/0%,#J:%-$;,#K.'0.&,,L;##

!#,-3#$'#53,&6)#J:%-$;,#G%/=%/>'2@;#

JM&3#G%/=%/>'24#(%&.&#-.&#3'7#0'/"0N;#

J!;5#'))#$'#$%&#5''"4;#,-3,#G%/=%/>'2@#

JO%-$#(/66#3'7#+'#(%&"#3'7#0&$#$%&.&N;#

JM'(#+'#!#>"'(N;#,-3,#G%/=%/>'2@#

#

3%9! "#)%! "#)!4,)/!486%+)*! E! $%! $2'64"! 0#$%+)!,;! ")/4,-! ",%$8&"(!E! $%9! "#)!=,&0)!*4)$B&%+!;',/!"#)!9)4"#*!,;!"#)!8)"")'!KI!

!

C"+.&/4#-66#53#6/)&#!;2&#8&&"#%-7"$&+##

83#F7,,/-#D#-#<6-/"4##

-#='6+#(/"+#).'5#$%&#,%$&$6@##

!#=-"#%&-.#$%&#(%&&6,#')#$%&#$.-/"@#

!$#/,#0'/"0#$'#F-+'54#

/$#/,#0'/"0#$'#P&.7,-6&59#

!"#$%&#"/0%$#(%&.&#=-"+6&,#,%/"&#

!#%-2&#-#675/"'7,#)-5/639#

<&'<6&#(/$%#$%&/.#-.5,#.'7"+#&-=%#'$%&.#

)'.&2&.@#

#

7,!/$%(!4)'*,%$8&"&)*!,;!"#)!8)"")'!K!0$%!2)!0,%"$&%)9!:&"#&%!$!*&%+8)!&/$+&%$"&,%!E!$%!)%98)**!0,%=)'*$"&,%-!*,/)"&/)*!$!;&+#"-!$!#62262U!V6"!$8:$(*!"#)')!/6*"!2)!$%!)%0,/4$**&%+!K-!$%!K!"#$"!#,89*!",+)"#)'!"#)*)!/68"&48)!$%9!,;")%!0,%"'$9&0",'(!4)'*,%$8&"&)*!E!$%9!*,/)"&/)*!:)!#)$'!"#)!=,&0)!,;!"#&*!)%0,/4$**&%+!KI!C"+.&/4#-66#53#6/)&#!;2&#8&&"#%-7"$&+#83#F7,,/-9#

!SHE SAYS: I!:$%"!",!:'&")!$!2,,B@!

A)'!;'&)%9!$*B*I!3!2,,BW!D#$"!$2,6"W!

!

50 GriffithREVIEW33

7,!*#)!&%#$8)*!"#,6+#";688(!,%!#)'!0&+$')"")!$%9!*$(*I!32,6"!"#)!:,'89!$*!K!*))!&"@!

X;!0,6'*)!E!*#)!0,%0)9)*!E!K!%))9!$!;):!4,&%")'*!$2,6"!#,:!$!2,,B!+)"*!:'&"")%@!

Y,6!0$%! ;&%9! "#&*!)Z0#$%+)! &%![&8$%!\6%9)'$F*!%,=)8!:%&#H''>#')#E-70%$&.# -"+#Q'.0&$$/"0@! Y,6! 0,689! ;&%9! &"! &%! /$%(! ,"#)'! 48$0)*! ",,-! 26"! 8)"F*! ],&%! \6%9)'$! &%!0$88&%+!"#&*!#,4);68!:'&")'!V&2&@!!

K"F*!()$'*!*&%0)!:)!:)')!$88!')$9&%+!:%&#H''>#')#E-70%$&.#-"+#Q'.0&$$/"0-!$%9!/$(2)!2(!%,:!V&2&F*!2)0,/)!$!0)8)2'&"(@![$(2)!*#)F*!'6%%&%+!#)'!,:%!0,6'*)!E!R'7#:''#G-"#H&#C#K786/,%&+#S&"/7,4#:'5'..'(#E!$%9!#,4);68!:'&")'*!$')!;8,0B&%+I!&;!)=)'(,%)!)8*)!0$%!2)!$!:'&")'-!:#(!%,"!/)W!

V&2&!9,)*%F"! ')$9-!$%9!:#(!:,689!(,6!')$9!$!2,,B! "#$"F*!$2,6"!*,/),%)!)8*)!:#)%!(,6!0$%!:'&")!,%)!"#$"F*!$2,6"!(,6W!>,-!(,6!,%8(!%))9!",!')$9!,"#)'!4),48)F*!2,,B*!*,!(,6!0$%!+)"!$!;):!4,&%")'*!$2,6"!#,:!$!2,,B!+)"*!:'&"")%!E!$%9!"#)%!,;;!(,6!+,-!8&B)!R#&0#&B,=!&%!#&*!"',&B$@!

G)$9)'*-!%$"6'$88(-!:&88!:$%"!",!')$9!(,6'!2,,B!E!"#$"F*!:#$"!')$9)'*!$')!;,'-!$;")'!$88I!(,6!:'&")!"#)!2,,B^!"#)(!')$9!&"@!G)$9)'*!E!:)88!&"F*!$88!&%!"#)!%$/)!&*%F"!&"W!F&-+&.,# E! $! =$*"! /$**! 8&%&%+! 64! ",! 26(! (,6'! 2,,B-! $%9! %,"! ,%)! :&"#! "#)!*8&+#")*"! 9)*&')! ,'! $2&8&"(! ",! :'&")! ,%)! ,;! "#)&'! ,:%U! D'&"&%+F*! ;,'! 6*-! "#)!:'&")'*U!

>$"6'$88(-!V&2&!:&88!:'&")!#)'!2,,B!&%!"#)!;&'*"!4)'*,%!E!"#$"F*!$88!"#)')!&*!&%!#)'!:,'89-!*,!#,:!0$%!*#)!9,!$%("#&%+!)8*)W!!-!*#)!:&88!*$(!E!K!9&9-!K!"#&%B-!K!:$%"-!KF/!0',**!$2,6"-!K!8&B)-!K!;))8!/&*)'$28)!:#)%U!

H#)')F*! "#)! )%0,/4$**&%+! K-! "#)! K! "#$"! #,89*! ",+)"#)'! $! 0,%*")88$"&,%! ,;!4)'*,%$8&"&)*!,;!"#)!8)"")'!K!E!$%9!"#)')F*!"#)!%$'0&**&*"&0!K@!KF/!"#&%B&%+!,;!"#)!B&%9!,;!9')**&%+!"$28)!:#)')!(,6!0$%!$%+8)!"#)!/&'','*!*,!"#$"!(,6!$')!')4)$")9!/$%(!"&/)*!E!$!:#,8)!0,''&9,'!,;!(,6'*)8;!8,,B&%+!$"!(,6'*)8;!&%!"#)!/&'','I!"#)')!(,6!$')!E!"#)!2$0B!,;!(,6'!#)$9-!(,6'!;$0)-!"#)!2$0B!,;!(,6'!#)$9U!K!9&9-!K!"#&%B-!K!:$%"-!K!;))8-!K!2)8&)=)U!

!LOUIS, SO MUCH!,;!/(!8&;)-!",,-!KF=)!2))%!#$6%")9!2(!G6**&$@!K"!2)+$%!:&"#!"#)!0$88*!,;!08$'&%)"!$%9!#,'%!&%!V,',9&%F*!V![&%,'!7(/4#,%(!E!$%9!"#)%!&"!:$*!$!*",'(!,;! H6'+)%)=-! T/"0# E&-.# ')# $%&# A$&<<&,-! "#)%! G./5&# -"+# K7"/,%5&"$-! "#)! 48$(*! ,;!R#)B#,=!E!$%9!_$*")'%$BI!1'=$'.#U%/2-0'-!U%&"/-;,#G%/6+%''+-!:%&#E-,$#A755&.U!!

K"F*!$!*"'$%+)!"#&%+!E!",!2)!#,/)*&0B!;,'!$!48$0)!:#,*)!)$'"#!(,6!9,%F"!B%,:-!$!48$0)!"#$"!2)8,%+*!",!(,6!,%8(!2)0$6*)!$"!$%!)$'8(!"&/)!&%!(,6'!8&;)!(,6'!&/$+&%$"&,%!",,B! ',,"! "#)')-! $%9! ;)9! $%9! +'):@! [(! 4),48)! :)')! ?%+8&*#-! +)%)'$"&,%*! ;',/!5&%0,8%*#&')-!76'')(-!%,"!$!G6**&$%!2')$"#!,'!*,6%9!%$"&=)!",!/(!2,9(@!


K%!(,6'!4,)/!PD#(!J,!Y,6!D'&")!32,6"!G6**&$WF#(,6!+&=)#/)!"#$"!2')$"#-!"#$"!*,6%9I!

!

O%&"#!#$%/">#-8'7$#F7,,/-##

/$;,#"'$#$%-$#-.&-#')#$%&#&-.$%;,#,7.)-=&##

(/$%#E&"/"0.-+#$'#$%&#O&,$#-"+#A/8&./-##

$'#$%&#V-,$#D#!#+'";$#>"'(#-"3$%/"0##

-8'7$#$%&#='"$/"&"$-6#5-,,@#

!$;,#-#,'7"+4#,7=%#-,#3'7#%&-.#

/"#-#,&-#8.&->/"0#-6'"0#-#,%'.&@#

W3#<&'<6&#=-5&#).'5#F7,,/-4##

8./"0/"0#(/$%#$%&5#"'$%/"0##

87$#$%-$#,'7"+@#

#

[6*&0!0$/)!;&'*"-!"#)%!G6**&$-!"#)%!4,)"'(@!K"!*,6%9*!,'+$%&*)9!$%9!46'4,*);68-!",! 46"! &"! 8&B)! "#$"@! 3%9! "#$"! &*%F"! #,:! &"! &*! $"! ;&;"))%@! KF/! "#&%B&%+! ,;! (,6! &%!V,6'%)/,6"#-!.$/$&0$-!#,:!;,'!$!:#&8)!3/)'&0$%!*$&8,'*!#$9!;&88)9!"#)!&*8$%9!E!"#)!:,'89!$%9!&"*!4,**&2&8&"&)*-!"#)!:,/)%!:#,!:)%"!64!",!"#)!*$&8,'*!$%9!&"0-0&+#$%&5#/"#='"2&.,-$/'"@!3%9!$;")':$'9*I!

!

!#,-$#83#$%&#<''6#-$#H'7."&5'7$%#

.&-+/"0!H(4#,,%@##

!#%-+#$%&#<''6#-66#$'#53,&6)4##

$%&#.-)$4#$%&#+/2/"0#8'-.+,4#-"+#$%&#./"0,@#

:%&.&#(-,";$#-#6/2/"0#,'76@#

X'$#-#2'/=&#D#Y7,$#.7,$6/"0#<-65#6&-2&,##

-"+#$%&#$'<,#')#$%&#='='"7$,##

5'2/"0#-.'7"+#/"#=/.=6&,@#

!"#$%&#-)$&."''"#-#(/"+#,<.-"0#7<4##

86'(/"0#).'5#$%&#,&-#$'#6-"+4##

='2&./"0#$%&#%-.8'7.#(/$%#(%/$&=-<,@#

!$#,5&66&+#')#,%&66,#-"+#,&-(&&+4##

-"+#,'5&$%/"0#&6,&#D#<&.)75&@#

52 GriffithREVIEW33

K%!#)'!/)/,&'!S/2/"0#Z<#$%&#S%',$!`A$'4)'R,88&%*-!abLbc-!A&8$'(![$%")8!:'&")*I!PK;!4),48)! $*B! /(! $9=&0)! $2,6"! :'&"&%+! K! *$(-! 9,%F"! *#,:! (,6'! :,'B! 2);,')! (,6F')!')$9(U!K!*#,689!$99-!9,%F"!9,!(,6'!:,'B!2);,')!(,6F')!')$9(@! .6*"!2)0$6*)!(,6!#$=)!$%! &9)$! ;,'!$!*",'(!9,)*%F"!/)$%!(,6F')!')$9(!",!:'&")! &"@!Y,6!/$(!#$=)! ",!0'))4!",:$'9*!&"-!9:)88!:&"#!&"-!+',:!64!:&"#!&"I!4)'#$4*!;,'!#$8;!(,6'!8&;)"&/)@F!

D#)%!K!:$*!*)=)%"))%!K!:$*!$8')$9(!:'&"&%+!$!%,=)8!E!$2,6"!"#)!:,'89!$*!K!*$:!&"@![(! /&%9! "6/28&%+! :&"#! ')$9&%+! $%9! /6*&0-! $%9! /(! :'&"&%+! *)8;! E! ,;! 0,6'*)d! E!6%;,'/)9-!0#$,"&0-!&%0,/4)")%"8(!&/&"$"&=)-!%$'0&**&*"&0@!7)=)'$8!()$'*!8$")'!K!,4)%)9!"#)! #$%9:'&"")%! /$%6*0'&4"! $%9! "#,6+#"I! 7644,*)! K! *#,689! 9&)-! $%9! "#&*! :$*!$0"6$88(!.&-+#2(!*,/),%)@!

KF/!"#&%B&%+!,;!$!#,*4&"$8!:$'9-!3'/&9$8)-!LMef-!"#)!%&+#"!,;!"#)!%6'*)*F!2$88@!KF/!*&Z"))%! $%9! &"F*! /(! "#&'9! *"$(! &%! #,*4&"$8! "#$"! ()$'! E! "#&*! "&/)-! $06")! %)4#'&"&*@!A,*4&"$8!&*!')$9&%+!E!$88!9$(!8,%+-!:%&#H.'$%&.,#T-.-5-?'2-!:%&#S''+#A'6+/&.#A=%(&/>@!3%9!%6'*)*!E!#,:!9,)*!$%!$:B:$'9!2,(!+)"! ",! ;))8!$"!)$*)!:&"#!:,/)%W!H#'))!:))B*!&%!#,*4&"$8!&*%F"!2$9@!5,,B&%+!,6"!,=)'!"#)!#,*4&"$8!',,;!&%",!:&%")'!)=)%&%+!8&+#"-!"#)!9$'B%)**!,;!4&%)!"'))*@!

R(%"#&$![$"#)*,%!$%9!_$"!H#,/*,%-!"'$&%))*-!$%9!%,"!/60#!,89)'!"#$%!K!:$*-!:)')!;'&)%9*!E!"#)!*)'&,6*!,%)!$%9!"#)!")$*&%+!,%)-!$%9!2,"#!$28)!",!*))!"#)!;6%%(!*&9)-!,;!)$0#!,"#)'-!,;!$88!"#$"!#$44)%*!&%!$!#,*4&"$8@!H#)(!:,689!/$B)!/(!2)9!E!K!*$"!$%9!:$"0#)9!E!$%9!*,/)"&/)*!"#)(!:,689!"$8B!",!/)!$%9!*,/)"&/)*!",!)$0#!,"#)'@!X%)!9$(!"#)(!:)')!"$8B&%+!$2,6"!$!+&'8!/(!$+)!:#,!:$*!9(&%+@!H#)(!$4,8,+&*)9I!(&#+'";$#(-"$#$'#8&#5'.8/+@!V6"!#$=&%+!",!8$(!#)'!,6"U%,"!*,!+,,9@!

R(%"#&$!:$*%F"!+,&%+!",!"#)!2$88!E!*#)!*))/)9!#$44(!",!"$8B!$2,6"!&"-!#$44(!%,"!",!2)!+,&%+@!V6"! "#)(F9!2)!*#,'"1*"$;;)9-!*,!0,689!K!#)84!#)'!:&"#!"#)!')+&*")'! "#$"!%&+#"W!3%9!_$"!:,689!*#,:!#)'*)8;!,;;!",!6*-!2);,')!"#)!2$88U!

A,:! /60#! "&/)! 0$%! 2)! *4)%"! ;')""&%+-! 9')$/&%+! ,;! &%$00)**&28)! $%9! E! :#,!B%,:*W!E!/$(2)!6%:$%")9!;&')!$%9!4$**&,%@!3%9!()"!",!2)!&%!$!O6&)"!#,*4&"$8!',,/-!:&"#!$!*)'&,6*!+&'8-!9,&%+!*,/)"#&%+!",+)"#)'U!D$*%F"!"#$"!"#)!)$*)!K!:$%")9W!!

7#)!:,689!+&=)!/)!$!%$/)^! K!:,689!')$9!"#)!9)"$&8*^! *#)F9!:'&")! "#)/!9,:%-!*,/)"&/)*!0,/&%+!,=)'!",!8,,B!&;!*#)!:$*!46SS8)9!2(!*,/)"#&%+@!K!9&9%F"!2')$"#)-!8&*")%&%+!",!#)'!2')$"#&%+@!

H#)%!"#)')!:$*!$!26SS)'@!K!8,,B)9!"#',6+#!"#)!')+&*")'!:#&8)!R(%"#&$!:$*!$:$(@!H#)')!:)')!)%"'&)*!;,'!28,,9!4')**6')-!468*)!'$")U!3%9!"#)%!"#)!:,'9!+&=&-,&+@!

X;!0,6'*)@!J)$"#!#$44)%*!&%!$!#,*4&"$8U;860"6$"&,%*!,;!28,,9!4')**6')-!$!'$0&%+!468*)! '$")! *699)%8(! 486%+&%+! ",! *,/)"#&%+! *4,'$9&0! $%9! 6%)=)%-! $%9! "#)%! E!+&=&-,&+@!H#)!:,'9!#$9!%)=)'!/)$%"!:#$"!K!B%):!&"!/)$%"!2);,')@!

3;")':$'9*!_$"! 0$/)! &%-! 9')**)9! ;,'! "#)! 2$88-! $%9!:)! *$&9! "#)! "#&%+*! (,6! *$(!:#)%! *,/),%)! &*! 48)$*)9! :&"#! #,:! "#&%+*! #$=)! "6'%)9! ,6"-! $%9! *#)! 9&9! 8,,B!


48)$*)9@!_$"!9,)*%F"!8,,B!$*!+,,9!$*!*#)!,6+#"!",-!R(%"#&$!*$&9!:#)%!:)!:)')!2$0B!$"! :,'B-! $%9! &"! :$*! "'6)@! K! "#,6+#"! ,;! "#)! 2$88! E! "#)! %,&*)-! "#)! 9$%0&%+-! #,:!*,/)"&/)*!(,6!0$%!2)8&)=)!"#$"!"#)!#$44)%&%+!(,6!9')$/!,;!0,689!2)0,/)!')$8&"(@!

3"!L! &%!"#)!/,'%&%+!$%9!$+$&%!$"!g!"#)!%&+#"!%6'*)!:,689!0,/)!',6%9!:&"#!$!",'0#@!K!0,689%F"!*8))4-!$%9!:,689!#$=)!8&B)9!",!"$8B-!26"!&"!:$*!",,!0,/48&0$")9-!*,!K!*#6"!/(!)()*-!4')")%9&%+@!A,:!",!*$(I!!;2&#+/,='2&.&+#+&-$%4#!;2&#%&-.+#$%&#2'/=&#')#+&-$%#/"#5&U!?=)'(,%)!B%,:*!$2,6"!9)$"#U!KF88!+&=)!(,6!$!*8))4&%+!4&88U!

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

>,%)!,;!"#&*!:$*!&%!/(!%,=)8!E!,%8(!"#)!%,&*)!,;!/(!$9,8)*0)%"!*)8;!"'(&%+-!",,!*,,%-!%,"!#$'9!)%,6+#-!",!08$&/!$!=,&0)-!*600))9&%+!,%8(!&%!*"'&B&%+!$!4,*)-!6%0)'"$&%8(-!$88!"#)!"&/)!0#)0B&%+!#&/*)8;!&%!"#)!/&'','@![$(2)!KF/!')$9(!",!:'&")!&"!%,:@!

!I THINK OF! "#&*! )**$(! $*! $! 0,%*")88$"&,%! ,;! "#&%+*! "#$"! 2)8,%+! ",! /)@! H#',6+#!8$%+6$+)!$%9!*"'60"6')!E!$!"&**6)!,;!')8$"&,%*#&4*@!H#&*!&*!,%)!,;!"#)!],(*!,;!:'&"&%+I!",!)Z48,')!:#$"!&*!"#,6+#"!",!2)!B%,:%-!",!9&*0,=)'!"#)!%):!&%!"#)!B%,:%-!",!/$B)!0,%%)0"&,%*!"#$"!$')!*699)%8(!9$'B!E!],(,6*-!;6'&,6*!E!:&"#!28,,9!$%9!)%)'+(@!

D$8B&%+!&%!"#)!+',6%9*!,;!\$",,/2$!A,*4&"$8-!K!0,/)!$0',**!$!0#&/%)(@!5,,B&%+!64!K!*))!#,:!"#)!0#&/%)(!*))/*!",!/,=)-! "#,6+#!K!B%,:!&"F*! "#)!08,69*!"#$"!$')!/,=&%+-!$%9!KF/!2$0B!&%!/(!0#&89#,,9-!*&Z-!$%9!:$8B&%+!;)$';688(!4$*"!"#)!0#&/%)(!&%!"#)!+',6%9*!,;!T),'+)!D$"*,%F*!V,(*F!R,88)+)!&%!?9&%26'+#-!"#)!0#&/%)(!"#$"!/&+#"!;$88!,%!/)!E!#,:!=)%+);68!&"!8,,B*-!#,:!"#)!*0699&%+!:&%")'!08,69*!6'+)!&"!,%!E!#,:!KF/!;'&+#")%)9!2(!"#)!"&4!,;!"#)!8&+#"%&%+!0,%960",'-!8&B)!$!*%$B)F*!;$%+-!"#)!8&+#"%&%+! +)""&%+! ')$9(! &%! "#)! *B(! ",! 4,6%0)! $%9! 2&")U! K! :$8B! O6&0B8(-! $%9! /(!;$"#)'!&*!:$&"&%+!;,'!/)!&%!"#)!36*"&%!3gb-!*/,B&%+!#&*!4&4)@!7$;)"(-!*,!"#$"!K!;,'+)"!"#)! 0#&/%)(@! H#)')F*! "#)! */)88! ,;! "#)! 4&4)-! /(! ;$"#)'F*! */&8)! $*! #)! 9'&=)*-! "#)!0,/4$%&,%$28)!;))8&%+!,;!%,"!*4)$B&%+-!26"!%,"!2)0$6*)!"#)')F*!%,"#&%+!",!2)!*$&9U!

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

54 GriffithREVIEW33

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

!PIANO LESSONS. WHEN!K!:$*!)8)=)%!KF9!2))%!:'&"&%+!*"'&%+!O6$'")"*!$%9!4&$%,!*,%$"$*!;,'!":,!()$'*U!7,/)"#&%+-!,2=&,6*8(-!,6+#"!",!2)!9,%)!$2,6"!&"-!$%9!/(!/,"#)'!#$9!#)$'9!$2,6"!['!J$62)'@!

7,/)"&/)*!$*!$!')$9)'!K!#$=)!"#)!2)$6"&;68!;))8&%+!"#$"!$!2,,B!#$*!2))%!:'&"")%!)'.!/)!E!"#$"!"#)!:'&")'!#$*!*,/)#,:!:'&"")%!"#)!2,,B!:&"#!"#)!&/4,**&28)!B%,:8)9+)!,;!"#)!9))4!8,%+&%+*!,;!/)!:#&0#!64!",!"#$"!4,&%"!#$=)!2))%!&%$'"&068$")@!H#&*!&*!$!2,,B!"#$"!0$%!")$0#!/)!"#$"!:#$"!K!9&*0,=)'!"#',6+#!"#)!2,,B!-6.&-+3#2)8,%+*!",!/)!E!#,:!"#&*!2)8,%+&%+!&%!2)0,/&%+!$'"&068$")!0$%!0')$")!4$"")'%*!$%9!0)'"$&%"&)*!$%9!$9=)%"6')*@!

K"F*! ,%)! ,;! "#)! /,*"! 4')0&,6*! )Z4)'&)%0)*! ,;! ')$9&%+! E! ",! B%,:! (,6'*)8;!0,/48)")8(! $"! #,/)! &%! "#)! :,'9*! $%9! =&*&,%! ,;! $%,"#)'^! ",! ;&%9! (,6'! ,:%!)%0,/4$**&%+! K!9))4! &%! 0,%=)'*$"&,%!:&"#! "#)! )%0,/4$**&%+! K! ,;! $!:'&")'-!6*&%+!8$%+6$+)!$%9!B%,:&%+!"#&%+*!(,6!9&9!%,"!B%,:!(,6!B%):U!

P!#$&66#3'7#,&=.&$#-8'7$#G%'</"4;#W.,#A/2-"#='")/+&+#/"#5&@#JK/-"'#/,#%/,#8&,$#)./&"+@#W'.&@#M&#$&66,#</-"'#-66#%/,#,&=.&$,@#M&#<7$#%-"+#'"#$%&#</-"'#6/>&#$%/,@;#

!# 8.-=&+# 53,&6)# -,# ,%&# .&-=%&+# )'.# 53# ,%'76+&.4# 87$# %&.# $'7=%# (-,# (-.5# -"+#-))&=$/'"-$&@#

JV"'.5'7,#$.7,$@#X'#.&,/,$-"=&B#"'$%/"0#8&$(&&"#%/5,&6)#-"+#</-"'@#W'.&#$%-"#$%-$4#&2&"@;# A%&# $.-",)&..&+# %&.# $'7=%# $'# $%&# >&38'-.+@# JM-"+,# ='5<6&$&63#5&6$&+# +'("@#M&#)/2'$0)#$%&#</-"'@;##

A%&#+.'<<&+#%&.#2'/=&#-"+#06-"=&+#.'7"+#$%&#.''5@#J!"#53#'</"/'"4#S&'.0&#A-"+#"'$# $%&# $.7&# 6'2&# ')#G%'</";,# 6/)&@#:%/,# /,@#:%/,# /",$.75&"$@#V2&"#%&# )&&6#4#(*&0$8#6'2&#)'.#/$@#O&#%-2&#$%/,#-8,'67$&#/"=.&+/86&#D#%'(#+'#3'7#,-3N#D#/"$/5-$&#<%3,/=-6#>"'(/"0@# !"#G%'</"4# $%&#(%-$# -"+# $%&#%'(#-.&# '"&4#"'$# $('@#X'$# '"&#5&=%-"/=-6#,'7"+#&2&.@#O/66#>/66#G%'</"#&//)9&$")8(@#*"=&#5'.&4#$%/,#5/++6&#,&=$/'"@;##

E!3%%$!T,89*:,'"#(-#K/-"'#E&,,'",!`V8$0B!K%0@-!abbMc!

D#$"! #$44)%*! E! :#$"! 0$%! #$44)%! E! :#)%! "#)! *4$0)! 0')$")9! 2(! ")$0#)'! $%9!*"69)%"! &*! 8&=)!:&"#! ],(!$%9!B%,:8)9+)U!K!')/)/2)'!$!0,%0)'"!$"! "#)!6%&=)'*&"(-!LMehI!['!J$62)'! )%")'&%+! $%9! 2,:&%+-! *&""&%+!9,:%! $"! "#)! 4&$%,! $%9! $''$%+&%+!


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

>)Z"!:))B!['!J$62)'!#$9!$!')0,'9&%+!,;!#&*!4$'"!,;!"#)!0,%0)'"@!K!*$:!#&/!")88&%+!/(!;$"#)'!"#$"!&"!:,689!0,*"!#&/!"#'))!4,6%9*^!/(!;$"#)'-!0$6+#"!,;;1+6$'9-!;)%9&%+!#&/!$:$(!E!$%9!K!:&"#9'):!",!"#)!/6*&0!',,/!E!"#&*!:$*!$!=-$-,$.'<%&U!['!J$62)'!*4)$B&%+!4'&/8(!$88! "#',6+#! "#)! 8)**,%^! "#)! ')])0")9! ')0,'9!6%2)$'$28(! *$9! &%!#&*!8$4U!A,:!,%)!9$(!*,,%!$;")'!#)!9&9%F"!0,/)!;,'!"#)!:))B8(!8)**,%-!$%9!%,!,%)!)=)'!B%):!E!,'!)=)'!8)"!,%!"#$"!"#)(!B%):!E!:#)')!#)!#$9!+,%)!,'!:#$"!#$9!#$44)%)9!",!#&/@!

P5&B)!7#,*"$B,=&0#!*$(*-!:)!$')!$88!*,89&)'*@!V6"!,;!0,6'*)!&*!+,,9!",!:$%"!",!2)!$!+)%)'$8d!K!%)=)'!*$(!%,!",!$/2&"&,%@!D)!$88!+,-!*")4!2(!*")4-!26"!,6'!$&/!&*!$8:$(*!=.&-$/'"-!%)=)'!)+,!,'!%$'0&**&*/@F!

3%%$-!$88!/(!8&;)!KF=)!2))%!"'(&%+!",!;&%9!8$%+6$+)!;,'!"#)!"6/28&%+!/6*&0!&%*&9)!/)@! K!:$*!%)=)'!+,&%+! ",!2)!$!4&$%&*"-!$%9!$*!$!0,/4,*)'! E!$*!7"'$=&%*B(!*$(*-!$!0,/4,*)'! &*!,'! &*%F"-!$%9! &"!:$*%F"! ='5<',&.! "#$"! K!:$*-!,%8(! &%!/,/)%"*-!%,"#&%+!0,%*&*")%"U$!4#'$*)-!"#)!&/$+&%)9!*,6%9!,;!8,:!;86")*-!$!*&%+8)!=&,8$-!#,'%*!4)$8&%+!8&B)!2)88*U!K"!:$*%F"!*,!/60#!"#$"!K!%))9)9!",!8&!E!4)';,'/)'-!0,/4,*)'!E!K!#$9!",!0')$")!6-"07-0&!;,'!"#$"!"6/28&%+!2)&%+-!;,'!&"*!0,%"&%6&%+!)=,86"&,%U!!

K"F*! *"'$%+)! E! ":,! ,;! "#)! G6**&$%! 4,)"*! :#,! #$=)! 8,%+! 2))%! &%! /(! 8&;)! #$9!/,"#)'*!:#,!:)')!4&$%&*"*-!"#$"!"6/28&%+!/6*&0!$88!$',6%9!"#)/@!V,'&*!_$*")'%$BF*!*&*")'!5(9&$! *$&9!,;! "#)&'!/,"#)'I![,"#)'!(-,!/6*&0@!3%9!V,'&*!:$*!$! 0,/4,*)'-!&9,8&*&%+!70'&$2&%!$%9!B)(*!8&B)!Ti!/&%,'-!2);,')!#)!:$*!$!4,)"@!D#)%!#)!2)+$%!",!0,'')*4,%9!:&"#![$'&%$!H*=)"$)=$!#)!9&*0,=)')9!"#$"!#)'!/,"#)'!",,!#$9!2))%!$!#&+#8(! "'$&%)9-! $9/&')9!4&$%&*"@![$'&%$-!:#,! 8,=)9! "#)!9))4! *)$!,;!/6*&0!#)$'9!

56 GriffithREVIEW33

;',/!6%9)'!"#)!+'$%9!4&$%,!$%9!#$")9!"#)!/)"',%,/)-!"#)!#,6'*!,;!4'$0"&0)!'68)9!2(!"#$"!"&0B&%+@!

V,"#!:',")!$2,6"!/6*&0!E!"#)')!&*!"#$"!4$**$+)!&%!:%&#E-,$#A755&.!:#)')!['!Y!2)+&%*! ",! 48$(@! 3%9! [$'&%$F*! )**$(! P[,"#)'! $%9! [6*&0F@# V6"! K! #)$'! /6*&0! &%!)=)'("#&%+! "#)(!9,!E! ')$9&%+! "#)&'!:,'B-! "#)&'! 8)"")'*-! ')$9&%+!$2,6"! "#)/@!3!*)$!2')$B&%+!$8,%+!$!*#,')!E!=,&0&%+!"#)!#6/$%!*,68-!:&"#!&"*!&%;&%&")!0$4$0&"(!;,'!"#)!6%B%,:%-!;,'!"#)!%6$%0)*!,;!"#)!)=)'(9$(-!;,'!8,%+&%+!$%9!*$9%)**@!

A,:!",!*4)$B!"#&*!/6*&0!&%!"#)!;&'*"!4)'*,%W!

760#!8,%+&%+!;,'!$!")$0#)'U%,"!",!+&=)!4,&%")'*!;,'!8&/&")9!+,$8*-!26"!",!8)$'%!"#$"!9,,'*!,4)%!$%9!"#$"!:)!,6'*)8=)*!0$%!8)$'%!",!,4)%!"#)/-!*")44&%+!0,%;&9)%"8(@!O&#-66#0'4#,$&<#83#,$&<4#87$#'7.#-/5#/,#-6(-3,#0')$"&,%4#"&2&.#&0'#'.#"-.=/,,/,5@#3%9!4)'#$4*!/(! ;$=,6'&")!O6,")! ;',/!(,6'! ")$0#)'-!3%%$-!:#,!+&=)*! *,!+)%)',6*8(!$%9!:&"#!*60#!8&;)!$%9!0#60B8)I!*"63#(%-$#3'7#0/2&#/,#3'7.,@!

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

Y,6!#$9!"#)!+')$"!+&;"!,;!$!")$0#)'!:#,!9&9%F"!2):&89)'!(,6-!:#,!:$*!%,"!#)'*)8;!0,%;6*)9U!K!')/)/2)'!')$9&%+!,;!#,:!"#)!3/)'&0$%!4,)"!.$/)*!D'&+#"!*$&9!"#$"!#)!:$%")9!",!:'&")!$%&#<'&$.3#')#$%&#0.'("#5-"#E!$%9!K!"#&%B!,;!(,6'!")$0#)'!")88&%+!(,6I!O&# %-2&# %70&# .&,<'",/8/6/$3# $'# )7$7.&L# *)# <-,,/"0# $%/,# ,</./$# $'# "&]$# 0&"&.-$/'",@#C6(-3,#.&5&58&.B#'"63#(%-$#3'7#0/2&#/,#3'7.,@##

3%9! ,%8(! :#$"! (,6! "'68(! ,:%! 0$%! 2)! +&=)%U! 3%9! ")$0#&%+! &*! ,;")%! 8&B)!;$"#)'&%+I! *,! ,;")%! "#)! 9)*&')! ",! 2)! *"',%+! :&"#! :)881;,6%9)9! B%,:8)9+)! $%9!)Z4)'&)%0)-!$%9!()"!E!"#)!')$8&"(!,;!6%0)'"$&%"(!$%9!4$%&0@!

!SO I WILL! *$(! ",! V&2&I! "#)! 2)*"! 2,,B! $2,6"! :'&"&%+! /$(! %,"! 2)! $! 2,,B! $2,6"!:'&"&%+-! "#)! 2)*"! :'&"&%+! ")$0#)'! /$(! 2)! *4)$B&%+! $2,6"! /6*&0! E!G%'</"# -6(-3,#$-6>/"0#-8'7$#&5'$/'"-6#.&,<'",&4#(%/=%#-8,'67$&63#&2&.3'"&#%-,#-"+#=-"#.&='0"/,&@#H7$#%/,#'("#<-.$/=76-.#&]<&./&"=&4#8&%/"+#$%/,#.&,<'",&4#/,#,&=.&$@#:%/,#/,#$%&#53,$/^7&#')#%/,#57,/=@#M&#%-,#-#6'$#')#6'2&4#87$#(%'#%&#6'2&,#-"+#%'(#%&#6'2&,#D#$%/,#/,#-0-/"#,&=.&=3@!

V6"!*#)!&*!$*B&%+I!J,!K!#$=)!",!")88!"#)!"'6"#W!K!/)$%!E!:)88-!*,/)!"#&%+*!$')!$!2&"!)/2$''$**&%+U!3%9!*,/)!"#&%+*!$')%F"!E!:)88-!&%")')*"&%+!)%,6+#U#


3#!V&2&UK!:$*!+,&%+!",!*$(!"#$"!"#)')F*!,%8(!,%)!'68)!$2,6"!"#)!"'6"#I!&;!(,6F')!2)$'&%+!:&"%)**-!9,%F"!2)$'!;$8*)!:&"%)**@!V6"!&;!(,6F')!"$8B&%+!$2,6"!$!8&;)!E!:#(!%,"!"#)!4,**&2&8&"&)*!,;!$!8&;)-!"#)!$9=)%"6')!,;!&/$+&%&%+!$!8&;)W!D#(!2)!2,6%9!",!"#)!,%)!8&;)!(,6!#$44)%!",!2)!8&=&%+W!V6"!&%*")$9!K!4$6*)!;,'!$!/,/)%"@!Q,'!"#)!;&'*"!"&/)!&"!,006'*!",!/)!"#$"!V&2&!/&+#"!2)!6/,$&"/"0U!!

:%&.&;,#-#<'&5-!K!2)+&%U!

3!<'&5Wd!!

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

!

:%&#3'7"0#0/.6#,$''+#8&,/+&#5&@#!##

,-(#"'$#(%-$#%&.#3'7"0#&3&,#='76+#,&&@#

C#6/0%$4#,%&#,-/+4#"'$#')#$%&#,>3##

6/2&,#,'5&(%&.&#/"#$%&#'.-"0&#$.&&@#

#

3!;,'/!,;!46%0"6$"&,%!6%&O6)!",!4,)"*I! 8&%)*@!D#)')!"#)! 8&%)!2')$B*!0')$")*!*,!/$%(!4,**&2&8&"&)*!,;!%6$%0)!$%9!/)$%&%+@!K%!"#&*!4,)/-!PH#)!X'$%+)!H'))F!`LMLMc-!"#)!;&'*"!2')$B!0,/)*!$;")'!"#)!8)"")'!K@!

.,#%! 7#$:! >)&8*,%! :$*! /(! ;&'*"! 4,)"@! 3%9! 8$")! $"! %&+#"-! :#)%! K! :$*! *6')!)=)'(,%)!)8*)!:$*!$*8))4-!K!:,689!*"$%9!$"!"#)!:&%9,:!$%9!')0&")!&%",!"#)!/,,%8&"!,'!9,+1#,:8&%+!,'!*,/)"&/)*!0,0B10',:&%+!*626'2$%!*"&88%)**!E!")%"$"&=)-!)0*"$"&0I!P7,%+!V)!J)8&0$")F-!P5,=)F*!R,/&%+F-!P70#,,8+&'8*!A$*")%&%+F-!PH#)!X'$%+)!H'))FU!

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

!

9)'.#-66#

3'7.#%-<6&,,#$-6>#3'7#)-/6#$'#,&&##

58 GriffithREVIEW33

$%&.&#/,#-#6/0%$4#-#,$&<4#-#=-66##

$%/,#&2&"/"0#'"#$%&#'.-"0&#$.&&9#

E!,'!:,'9*!",!"#$"!);;)0"@!

V6"!"#)!4,)"!]6*"!B)4"!,%!$*B&%+I!

!,#/$#-#)67$$&./"0#%&-.$#$%-$#0-2&##

$''#(/66/"063#-"+#(-,#.&2/6&+N#

!,#/$#$%&#,$-55&./"0#-$#-#0.-2&4##

$%&#6-,$#('.+#')#-#6/$$6&#=%/6+N#

#

3%9!"#)%!#)!0$/)!&%!$%9!:',")!&"!$88!9,:%U#&*!*",'(!;,'!"#)!9$(@!

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

3%9!K!;,88,:!"#)!$9=)%"6')*!,;!"#)!8)"")'!K!&%!"#)!4,)/!E!"#)!K!&%!"#)!;&'*"!*"$%S$!2)8,%+&%+!",!"#)!,89)'!/$%I!

!

9!#

A-(#"'$#(%-$#%&.#3'7"0#&3&,#='76+#,&&#

9-"+#$%&"#/"#$%&#6-,$#,$-"?-B##

A/6&"=&4#$%&#3'7"0#0/.6#,-/+4#(%34##

O%3#57,$#3'7#$-6>#$'#(&-.3#5&N#

K6-07&#5&#"'#5'.&#)'.#!##

-5#6/,$&"/"0#6/>&#$%&#'.-"0&#$.&&@#

#

A,:!2)$6"&;68d!H#)!4,*&"&,%!,;!"#)!8)"")'!K!&%!"#)!8&%)!&*!&9)%"&0$8!",!&"*!4,*&"&,%!&%!"#)!;&'*"!8&%)!,;!"#)!4,)/-!26"!;,'!"#)!;&'*"!"&/)!"#)!8)"")'!K!2)8,%+*!",!"#)!(,6%+!+&'8@!3%9!&"F*!+&=)%!",!"#)!(,6%+!+&'8!",!/$B)!$%!)ZO6&*&")!/,968$"&,%I!&%*")$9!,;!8,,B&%+!-$!"#)!,'$%+)!"'))-!$%9!*))&%+!'$"#)'!"#$%!")88&%+!&"*!*",'(!,;!8&+#"!$%9!2)&%+-!*#)!&*!8&*")%&%+!6/>&!"#)!,'$%+)!"'))U!E/,$&"/"0U!


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

!

9)'.#!#

C5#6/,$&"/"0#6/>&#$%&#'.-"0&#$.&&@#

#

3%9! "#$"! :$*! /(! ;&'*"! "&"8)! ;,'! "#&*! )**$(! $2,6"! ')$9&%+! $%9! :'&"&%+! $%9!;'&)%9*#&4-! $%9! #,:! "#)! 8)"")'! K! /&+#"! 48$0)! &"*)8;! $9=)%"6',6*8(! &%! "#)! :,'89I!P5&*")%&%+!5&B)!"#)!X'$%+)!H'))F@!

Peter Bishop was founding creative director of Varuna, The Writers’ House in the Blue Mountains, 1994–2010. He is now exploring the possibilities of a writing community through a new independent program, The Writer Conversation.

60 GriffithREVIEW33

MEMOIR

After the words Writing and living a memoir

Kate Holden

MY!"#$%!&#$!'(%!)*+%,!",-+$&,./!'(-!0(*1.!2!0#'%!+%!%(3!4&,!,5,'%$!.,$6-+7,.!+'!89!$,6('.!8,8(+-/!!"#$ %&'()*+,! :4,;%/! <=>=?/! %((@! "1#6,! 9,#-$! #A(! #'.! +'! #'(%&,-!6(*'%-9!B!7*%!%&,!0,'6&!+$!'(%!.,#./!('19!6&#'A,.3!4&,-,!+$!#!0(8#'!+'!%&#%!7((@!6#11,.!C#%,/!0&(!2!('6,!0#$3!4&,-,!+$!#!0(8#'!0-+%+'A!%&+$!-,D1,6%+('!('!+%/!0&(!2!#8!'(03!4&+$!+$!%&,!8(8,'%!0&,'!%&,9!B!0,!B!6('5,-A,3!!

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

J'.!1#$%/!%&,-,!+$!%&,!6&#-#6%,-!+'!%&,!7((@/!0&(!+$!8,/!7*%!'(%!)*+%,3!K&,!+$!%&,!8($%!89$%,-+(*$/!%&,!8($%!,1*$+5,!#'.!A&($%19/!7*%!#1$(!%&,!8($%!-,#1/!#%!1,#$%!D(-!%&,!-,#.,-$3!L,!7,#-!#!-,$,871#'6,!%(!,#6&!(%&,-3!L,!+'&#7+%!%&,!$#8,!8+'.3!L,!#-,!#11!6#11,.!C#%,3!!

2'!!"#$%&'()*+,!2!0-(%,!#7(*%!89$,1D!+'!%&,!"-,$,'%!%,'$,!#'.!+'!%&,!%&+-.!",-$('3!2!6(*1.!$,,! I&,-F!7,%%,-! %&#'! 2! $,,!89$,1D/!0+%&! 1,$$!"+%9/!#'.!8(-,!8,-693! IK&,F!$#9$!%&+'A$!%&#%!2!$#+./!#'.!1+@,!%&,!(%&,-!6&#-#6%,-$/!$&,!7,&#5,$!#$!0,!-,#119!.+.3!2%!+$!#!6&,#%/!(D!#!@+'./!#'.!2!"-(7#719!$(*'.!"$96&(%+6!0&,'!2!%#1@!#7(*%!I&,-F!+'!-,1#%+('!%(!%&,! 7((@/! 7*%! %&,! A+-1! +'!89!8,8(-9! +$! $(!.+$%#'%/! '(0/! %&#%! $&,!8#9! #$!0,11! 7,!#'(%&,-!",-$('3!IM(0!8*6&!$0,,%,-!+%!+$!%(!D(-A+5,!0,#@',$$/!%&#'!.,$"+$,!+%/F!2!0-+%,!+'!%&,!7((@3!E*%!&(0!+'%,-,$%+'A!+%!+$!%(!0-+%,!#7(*%!0,#@',$$/!#$!0,11!#$!D(-A+5,',$$3!!

KATE HOLDEN: After the words 61

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

!Q-(8!%&,!0-,6@!(D!89!"#$%/!0&+6&!&#%&!",-+$&F./!4&#%!8*6&!2!#%!1,#$%!8#9!-,6#11/!2%!&#%&!%#*A&%!8,!%&#%!0&#%!2!8($%!6&,-+$&F.!R,$,-5,.!%(!7,!.,#-,$%!(D!#11S!2'!%&,!R,$,-%!#!D(*'%#+'!+$!$"-+'A+'A/!2'!%&,!0+.,!0#$%,!%&,-,!+$!$%+11!#!%-,,/!J'.!#!7+-.!+'!%&,!$(1+%*.,!+$!$+'A+'AT!B!E9-('/!0*()2(3!U%(!J*A*$%#V/!>W>X!!2%!0#$!#!%+8,!0&,'!2!$,#-6&,.3!Q(-!$,;/!7,6#*$,!+%!&#.!7,6(8,!#!D#8+1+#-/!*$,D*1!

6*--,'693!J'.!%&-(*A&!$,;/!D(-!1(5,/!7,6#*$,!2!&#.!'(%!1(5,.!89$,1D!$*DD+6+,'%19!+'!%&($,!D+5,!9,#-$/!#'.!'(0!2!$(!8*6&!',,.,.!%,'.,-',$$3!Q+'#119/!2!0#$!$,#-6&+'A!D(-!%&,!7-+A&%!D1#8,!(D!0('.,-!2!&#.!#18($%!,;%+'A*+$&,.3!!

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

2%! +$! #! ",6*1+#-! ,;",-+,'6,/! %(!0-+%,! #!8,8(+-! #7(*%! 7,+'A! (-.+'#-9! #'.! D+'.!9(*-$,1D! -,A#-.,.! #$! ,;%-#(-.+'#-9G! %(! -,$+$%! %&,! ,'%+6+'A!",-$*#$+('! %&#%/! +'.,,./!9(*!#-,!$",6+#13!Y(*!&#5,!%(!7,1+,5,!9(*F-,!#!1+%%1,!$",6+#1!+'!(-.,-!%(!0-+%,!#!8,8(+-/!#D%,-! #11G! #'.!9,%! 2! -,8#+'!)*+%,! (-.+'#-9/! ,5,'! ,87#--#$$,.!79! %&,!"-,$*8"%+('!&,1.!+'!0-+%+'A!%&,!7((@3!2!0#$!#0#-,!%&#%!%&,-,!8+A&%!7,!8*%%,-+'A$S!7,$%\$,11+'A!

62 GriffithREVIEW33

.,7*%! $,;*#1!8,8(+-$! #-,! #'! ,#$9! %#-A,%! D(-! -,$,'%8,'%3! 4&,'! %&,-,!0#$! "*71+6!("+'+('S!D(-!,5,-9!%,'!1,%%,-$!(-!71(A$!"-#+$+'A!89!7((@/!%&,-,!0(*1.!7,!(',!6#11+'A!8,!$"+%,D*1!'#8,$/!#+8+'A!",-$('#1!+'$*1%$!#'.!(DD,-+'A!*'$(1+6+%,.!]*.A,8,'%!('!%&,!1+D,!2F.!1+5,.!B!%&,!(75,-$,!"-+5+1,A,!(D!-,#.,-B8,8(+-+$%!+'%+8#693!!

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

Q(-!#!1('A!%+8,!2!#''(*'6,.!1(*.19!%&#%!2!0#$!A-#%,D*1!D(-!0&#%!-)$./$01+)!A#5,!8,!B!#!6#-,,-!+'!0-+%+'A!B!7*%!%&#%!2!0(*1.!',5,-!.(!#'(%&,-!8,8(+-3!4&,!(%&,-!&#1D!(D!89!$%(-9!-,8#+',.!8+',3!2!+'%,'.,.!%(!0-+%,!+%/!+D!,5,-/!#$!#!'(5,1/!@,,"+'A!('19!%&,!7#$+6! %-#],6%(-+,$!(D! %&,! $%(-9! #'.! %-#'$D(-8+'A!#11! %&,! 6&#-#6%,-$3!E*%!0&,'! 2!%-+,.!%&#%/!+%!D#1%,-,.S!%(!6&#'A,!(',!"#-%!(D!%&,!$%(-9!$@,0,.!%&,!0&(1,!%&+'AG!+%!1($%!+%$!+'%,A-+%9!#'.!"*-"($,3!Y,%!0&#%!0(*1.!2!.(!0+%&!%&,$,!8,8(-+,$_!

!THE MORE I!&#5,!%&(*A&%!#7(*%!8,8(+-/!%&,!8(-,!.,1+')*,'%!#'.!*'-,1+#71,!%&,!D(-8!$,,8$3!K(8,%+8,$!2!0(*1.!.,$6-+7,!8,8(+-!#$!-,"*1$+5,/!+'!+%$!$,1D\#7$(-"%+('/!+%$! 5+(1#%+('$! #'.! +%$! 6('6,+%3! 2%! %#@,$! -*%&1,$$',$$! %(! 0-+%,! (',G! +%! -,)*+-,$! #!6#1+7-#%+'A!(D!6('$6+,'6,3!N,8(+-!+$!",-&#"$!%&,!8($%!6('D1+6%,.!(D!1+%,-#-9!A,'-,$3!!

2'!%&,!D+-$%!"1#6,/!+%!+$!',6-(8#'693!2%$!6&#-#6%,-$!6(8,!(*%!(D!%&,!A-#5,/!$)*#$&,.!#'.!"#1,/!$",#@+'A!+'!%&,!6-(#@9!5,'%-+1()*+$%F$!5(+6,!(D!%&,!#*%&(-3!L&#%!-+A&%!.(,$!#!0-+%,-!&#5,!%(!%#@,!",("1,F$!1+5,$!#'.!-,#'+8#%,!%&,8!D(-!&,-!(0'!"*-"($,$_!R(,$!%&#%!-+A&%!#1%,-!+D/!D(-!,;#8"1,/!%&,!(%&,-!",-$('!+$!#$@,.!D(-!",-8+$$+('/!+D!%&,!0-+%,-!'(!1('A,-!@'(0$!&+8/!+D!$&,!('19!.,$6-+7,$!0&#%!&#"",',.!+'!&,-!"-,$,'6,/!+D!$&,!.(,$'F%!%&+'@!&,F11!,5,-!-,#.!%&,!7((@/!+D!$&,!('19!8,#'$!%(!$#9!'+6,!%&+'A$!#7(*%!&+8_!^-!+D!$&,!.(,$'F%_!L&#%!#7(*%!%&,!%-*%&_!4&,-,!#-,!'(!,#$9!#'$0,-$!%(!%&,$,!)*,$%+('$3!2!&#5,!',5,-!$,%%1,.!%&,8!D(-!89$,1D3!4&,9!7-+'A!&(8,!%(!8,!%&,!.+DD+6*1%9!(D!$,"#-#%+'A!89$,1D!D-(8!%&,!0(-1.!+'!0&+6&!2!,;+$%/!#'.!%&,-,!+$!'(!6#16*1*$!D(-!%&#%!1+',3!!

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


N,8(+-!,1+.,$/! +%! $@+"$!(5,-! %,.+(*$! %&+'A$/! 1+@,!8,#1$!#'.!&#+-6*%$/! #'.! +'! +%$!D(-,'$+6! D(6*$! +%! &#$! '(! %+8,! D(-!0&#%!0('F%! D+%! +%$! .,%,-8+',.! '#--#%+5,3! 2'!!"#$%&'()*+,!2!1,D%!(*%!#!6-*6+#1!5+$+%!D-(8!89!$+$%,-/!0&+6&!8,#'%!%&,!0(-1.!%(!8,!#$!%&,!A+-1!#%!%&#%!%+8,!7*%!.+.'F%!D+%!%&,!'#--#%+5,!%&,!0(8#'!'(0!0#$!0-+%+'A3!2!@'(0!%&#%!A#"!+$!%&,-,/!7*%!%&,!7((@!&#$!+%$!(0'!1(A+6/!#'.!'(!-,#.,-!0+11!'(%+6,!%&,!6#,$*-#3!4&,!#-%!(D!8,8(+-!+$!#7(*%!D(-A,%%+'A!#$!8*6&!#$!+%!#7(*%!-,8,87,-+'A3!!

4&,'/!8,8(+-!+$!'#-6+$$+$%+6/!$(8,%+8,$!8('$%-(*$19!$(3!4&,-,!6(8,$!#!"(+'%!D(-!#!8,8(+-+$%! 0&,'! $&,! +$! '#*$,#%,.! 79! %&,! 2/! 79! %&,! D(6*$! ('! &,-$,1D3! M(0! 6#'!#'9(',!7,!$(!#--(A#'%!%(! +8#A+',!%&,+-!$%(-9!+$!0(-%&!$(8,(',!,1$,F$!8(',9!#'.!%+8,!#'.!+'%,-,$%_!2D!9(*!.('F%!)*,$%+('!%&+$/!9(*!6#'F%!0-+%,!#!8,8(+-3!!

2'! 8(8,'%$! (D! .(*7%! 2! 0('.,-! +D! 89! #..+6%+('! %(! 8,8(+-! +$! #! D#+1*-,! (D!+8#A+'#%+('/!(D!%&,!#7+1+%9!%(!8(5,!7,9('.!89!(0'!$(1+"$+$83!E*%!&(0!6(*1.!2!7,!#*%&(-+$,.!%(!0-+%,!D-(8!%&,!",-$",6%+5,!#'9(',!(%&,-!%&#'!89$,1D_!J'.!$*-,19!0,!0-+%,!8,8(+-!7,6#*$,!0,!7,1+,5,!(*-!$",6+D+6!,;",-+,'6,!#1$(!D+'A,-$!%&,!*'+5,-$#13!!

Q+'#119!7*%!"#-#.(;+6#119/!+%!+$!#!%-,$"#$$!#A#+'$%!%&,!"-+5#69!(D!%&,!0-+%,-3!N9!D+-$%!8,8(+-! A#5,!8,! #! A-,#%! .,#1/! #'.! '(%! %&,! 1,#$%! (D! +%$! 7(*'%9!0#$! %&,! %-*$%! 89!-,#.,-$!"*%!+'!8,3!2!#8!&*871,.!79!$*6&!A,',-($+%9/!#'.!6(*1.!',5,-!-,A-,%!0-+%+'A!%&#%! 7((@3!E*%!"#-%! (D!8,!0('.,-$! +D! 2! 6#''+7#1+$,.!89!(0'! 1+D,/!8#.,! +%! +'%(! #!"-(.*6%G! 0&,%&,-! 2! .+.'F%! 5+(1#%,! $(8,! %-*$%! 2! "1#6,.! +'!89$,1DG! 0&,%&,-! 2! A#5,!$(8,%&+'A!#0#9!%&#%!2!6#'!',5,-!-,61#+83!!

K(/!89!8+$A+5+'A$3!E*%!2!0-(%,!#'(%&,-!8,8(+-3!L&9_!E,6#*$,!D(-!#11!+%$!D#*1%$/!+%!+$!#!7,#*%+D*1!D(-8S!A,',-(*$/!+'%+8#%,/!"(0,-D*1G!%&,!$%#-%!(D!$%(-9%,11+'A3!!

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

K(8,!$#9!+%!.(,$'F%!8#%%,-!+D!#!8,8(+-!+$!I%-*,F!+D!%&,!,8(%+('$!+'!+%!#-,3!E*%!!"#$%&'()*+,!+$!#!%-*,!$%(-9!B!2!-,#119!.+.!1+5,!+'!2%#19!D(-!#!%*8*1%*(*$!'+',!8('%&$/!#'.!-,%*-',.!%(!+%!+'!%&,!%,--+71,!&,#%0#5,!(D!<==`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

64 GriffithREVIEW33

N,8(+-!+$!$,1D\#7$(-7,./!7*%!2!0-+%,!%(!$,,!89$,1D!8(-,!61,#-19/!#'.!:#%!%&,!-+$@!(D!#--(A#'6,?!+'!%&,!&(",!%&#%!(%&,-$!6#'!-,1#%,!%(!89!,;",-+,'6,$3!4&+$!$&#-+'A!6#'!7,!,;&+1#-#%+'A/!#'.!.+$6('6,-%+'A3!4&,-,!0#$!#!8(8,'%/!.*-+'A! %&,!,.+%+'A!"-(6,$$/!0&,'!89!"*71+$&,-!$#+./!I^D!6(*-$,/!9(*!0,-,!#!"-,%%9!.+$%*-7,.!9(*'A!0(8#'!+'!%&($,!.#9$F! B! #18($%! ,;#6%19! ,6&(+'A! %&,!("+'+('!(D! a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

4(!0-+%,!#!6('D,$$+('!9(*!8*$%!D,,1!9(*!&#5,!$+'',.3!E*%!2!.('F%!7,1+,5,!+'!$+'/!('19!+'!6('$6+,'6,!#'.!1,#-'+'A3!4&,!9,#-'+'A!%(!1(5,!#'.!7,!1(5,.!B!%&,!%&,8,!(D!!"#$%&'()*+,!B!+$!(',!(D!%&,!8($%!6(*-#A,(*$!#'.!%,--+D9+'A!A#87+%$!(D!(*-!1+5,$3!E*%!+%!+$!&(0!1+D,!+$!8#.,3!H('A!7,D(-,!%&,!P(8#'%+6!,-#/!%&,!"(,%!4&(8#$!4-#&,-',!$#+./!Ib,5,-!0#$!#'9!%&+'A!+'!%&+$!0(-1.!1(5,.!%((!8*6&3F!2%!+$!0&#%!2!+'$+$%,.!('!7,1+,5+'A!+'!2%#193!E*%/!4-#&,-',!6('%+'*,./!I8#'9!%&+'A$!&#5,!7,,'!1(5,.!+'!#!D#1$,!0#9/!#'.!#11!+'!%((!$&(-%!#!8,#$*-,3F!^',!(D!%&,$,!$%#%,8,'%$!+$!%&,!1,$$('!(D!8,8(+-3!!

!

Kate Holden is the author of In My Skin: A memoir and The Romantic: Italian Nights and Days, both published by Text. Her last story in Griffith REVIEW was ‘Don Quixote in Shanghai’.


MEMOIR

Not for official use Finding a name

Debra Adelaide

WHEN! "! #$%&!'$(#)*%!+,%*-./!0$0(*#1!!"#$%&'()*$%&'+*##"*,)&! 23%-&(0!4(5/$1!677891!"!:%/!/;#5<=!>?!;@$!<(A$#!(B!;@$!>((=!%/!:$,,!%/!>?!*;/!#$0%#=%>,$!<(-;$-;/C!D@$!&$/*)-! *-<(#E(#%;$/!%! <(E?!(B!%!>*#;@! <$#;*B*<%;$!(B! /*0*,%#!A*-;%)$! ;(!0*-$1! %!&(<50$-;!:@*<@!*/!0(#$!B%0*,*%#!;(!0$!;@%-!%-?!(;@$#!"!@%A$!(:-$&C!

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

Q-!6R!J$>#5%#?!KL8M1!%;!;@$!(,&!3$)*/;#%#!'$-$#%,./!QBB*<$!*-!S#*-<$!N,>$#;!3(%&1!"!B*,,$&!*-!%-!"-/;#50$-;!TA*&$-<*-)!U@%-)$!(B!G%0$!B(#01!:@*<@!:%/!:*;-$//$&!>?!%! <,$#=! %;! ;@$! (BB*<$1! /;%0E$&! VQ,&! P?/;$0!W$$&! +((=.1! %-&! )*A$-! %! -50>$#C! N!/*0E,$!(-$XE%)$!B(#0C!Y((=*-)!%;!*;!-(:1!"!<%-!*&$-;*B?!;@$!E$-!"!5/$&!H!%!P@$%BB$#!<%#;#*&)$!E$-1!0$&*50!*;%,*<!-*>1!>,5$X>,%<=!*-=C!"!B*,,$&!(5;!(-$!<(E?!B(#!0$1!%-&!(-$!B(#!;@$!(BB*<$C!

Q-!;@*/!B(#0!"!:%/!#$Z5*#$&!;(!V%>%-&(-!;@$!5/$!(B!;@$!-%0$.!"!@%&!-(;!$I%<;,?!>$$-!>(#-!:*;@!2;@(5)@!;@%;!*/!;@$!<(00(-!;$#09!>5;!:@*<@!@%&!>$$-!0*-$!/*-<$!

66 GriffithREVIEW33

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

!THE CHANGE-OF-NAME CERTIFICATE! :%/! =$E;! *-! 0?! B(,&$#! (B! (BB*<*%,!&(<50$-;/1!%,(-)!:*;@!%,,!;@$!(;@$#!&(<50$-;/^!>*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$1!/<@((,!<$#;*B*<%;$/1!:$&&*-)!<$#;*B*<%;$1!5-*A$#/*;?!&$)#$$/!%-&!;@$-1! ,%;$#1! ;@$!>*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$/!(B!0?!<@*,&#$-C!"!>$)%-!5/*-)!;@$!-$:!-%0$!/;#%*)@;%:%?1!%-&!>%#$,?!;@(5)@;!%>(5;!;@$!E#(<$//!(B!<@%-)*-)!*;!%)%*-!5-;*,!"!%EE,*$&!B(#!%!E%//E(#;!*-!677RC!!

F?! &*%#?! B(#! ;@$! ,%/;! B$:! &%?/! (B! G(A$0>$#! ;@%;! ?$%#! <(-;%*-/! %! <,5/;$#! (B!%EE(*-;0$-;/!<$-;#$&!(-!;@$!/0%,,!;#*%-),$!(B!P?&-$?!;@%;!*-<,5&$/!;@$!N5/;#%,*%-!S%//E(#;!QBB*<$1!;@$!G$:!P(5;@!]%,$/!3$)*/;#?!(B!+*#;@/1!W$%;@/!%-&!F%##*%)$/1!%-&!;@$!`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

DEBRA ADELAIDE: Not for official use 67

V"!=-(:C!"!<@%-)$&!0?!-%0$!(BB*<*%,,?C.!"!;%EE$&!;@$!<@%-)$X(BX-%0$!<$#;*B*<%;$C!VD@%;./!:@?!"!>#(5)@;!;@*/C.!

4$!E*<=$&!*;!5E1!;@$-!E,%<$&!*;!&(:-!%)%*-C!

VD@*/!&($/!-(;!<(5-;C.!!

V]@?!-(;a.!

4$!/@((=!@*/!@$%&!/,(:,?1! ;5;X;5;;*-)C!T%/*-)!@*0/$,B!(BB!@*/!<@%*#1!@$! ;((=!;@$!<$#;*B*<%;$!%/*&$!;(!/(0$(-$!$,/$!>$@*-&!;@$!<5>*<,$1!%-&!#$;5#-$&!%!0*-5;$!,%;$#!/;*,,!/@%=*-)!@*/!@$%&C!4$!E5/@$&!*;!>%<=!;(!0$C!!

V";./!-(;!*-!;@$!/?/;$0C!]$!<%--(;!#$<()-*/$!*;C.!

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

N;!;@$!3$)*/;#?!(B!+*#;@/1!W$%;@/!%-&!F%##*%)$/!%!/*)-!;(,&!0$!;(!;%=$!%!-50>$#!B#(0!%!0%<@*-$!%-&!:%*;!*-!%!Z5$5$!B(#!%!U5/;(0$#!P$#A*<$!3$E#$/$-;%;*A$!;(!/$#A$!0$C!D@$#$!:%/!-(!Z5$5$C!"-!B%<;1!B(#!%!)(A$#-0$-;!(BB*<$!*;!:%/!#$0%#=%>,?!Z5*$;C!N,(-)!(-$!/*&$!(B!;@$!B,((#!:%/!%!>%-=!(B!B#(/;$&!),%//!<5>*<,$/1!"-;$#A*$:!3((0/!KK1!K61!Kb!%-&!KcC!]@$#$!:$#$!"-;$#A*$:!3((0/!K!;(!K7a!N-&!:@%;!:$#$!;@$?!5/$&!B(#a!+5;! %/! "! :%*;$&1! %! &((#! ;(! (-$! (E$-$&! %-&! "! /%:! *-;(! %! #((0!:*;@! &$<(#%;*A$!<$#;*B*<%;$/!%##%-)$&!(-!;@$!:%,,/1!%!&$/=!%-&!:(0%-!>$@*-&!*;C!N!?(5-)!<(5E,$!*-!%!>,%<=!/5*;!%-&!B(#0%,!<#$%0!&#$//!:$#$!/;%-&*-)!5EC!P0*,*-)1!;@$!0%##*%)$!<$,$>#%-;!<%0$!(5;!B#(0!>$@*-&!;@$!&$/=!%-&!/@((=!@%-&/!:*;@!;@$!<(5E,$1!>$B(#$!5/@$#*-)!;@$0!(5;C!D@$!>#*&$!@$,&!%!/0%,,!>(5Z5$;C!D@$?!,((=$&!@%EE?!>5;!%,/(!%>%/@$&1!%/!*B!;@$?! :$#$! %,0(/;! $0>%##%//$&! ;(! >$! 0%##*$&1! (#! $0>%##%//$&! ;(! @%A$! /5<@! %!0(0$-;!(B!*-;*0%<?!:*;-$//$&!>?!%!/;#%-)$#C!!

D@$!<5/;(0$#!/$#A*<$!#$E#$/$-;%;*A$!:@(!%EE$%#$&!%;!;@$!&$/=!;((=!0?!-50>$#1!,*/;$-$&!;(!0?!#$Z5$/;!%-&!B#(:-$&C!!

VG(1! ;@%;./!-(;!E(//*>,$C!]$!<%-.;! *//5$!%!-$:!(-$C!]$!&(-.;!@%A$! ;@$!&%;%! ;(!<@$<=C.!

D@$#$! :%/1! %EE%#$-;,?1! %! <(-/(,*&%;*(-! (B! #$<(#&/! >$;:$$-! ;@$! QBB*<$! (B! ;@$!3$)*/;#%#!'$-$#%,!%-&! ;@$!3$)*/;#?!(B!+*#;@/1!W$%;@/!%-&!F%##*%)$/1!>5;! ;@%;!:%/!,%;$#!*-!;@$!KL87/1!%B;$#!0?!<@%-)$!(B!-%0$C!+$B(#$!;@%;1!;@$#$!:%/!%!E$#*(&!(B!%!B$:!?$%#/!*-!;@$!0*&XKL87/!:@$-!;@$!3$)*/;#%#!'$-$#%,!%-&!;@*/!#$)*/;#?!H!;:(!/$E%#%;$!

68 GriffithREVIEW33

$-;*;*$/! H! &*&! -(;! <(005-*<%;$!:*;@! $%<@! (;@$#! %-&! <$#;*B*<%;*(-/! B#(0! ;@*/! ;*0$!<(5,&!-(;!>$!,(<%;$&1!(#!*B!;@$?!<(5,&!;@$?!:(5,&!/;*,,!>$!*-A%,*&C!J#(0!,%;$#!*-!;@$!KL87/1!-(!E#(>,$0C!N-&1!B(#!/(0$!#$%/(-!"!/;*,,!&(!-(;!5-&$#/;%-&1!@%&!0?!<@%-)$!(B!-%0$!>$$-!)*#-")#!;@%-!;@*/!>,$%=!:*-&(:!(B!,(/;!#$<(#&/1!;@$#$!:(5,&-.;!@%A$!>$$-!%!E#(>,$0!$*;@$#C!!

S$#@%E/!"!<(5,&!)$;!/(0$!(#*)*-%,!<$#;*B*<%;*(-!B#(0!;@$!(,&!(BB*<$a!

V]$,,1!;@%;!(BB*<$!&($/-.;!#$%,,?!$I*/;!%-?!0(#$C!Q#!*;!\5/;!@%-&,$/!E#(E$#;?!;*;,$/1!;@%;!/(#;!(B!;@*-)C.!

V]@%;!@%EE$-$&!;(!;@$!E$#/(-%,!#$<(#&/1!,*=$!0?!-%0$!<@%-)$a.!

VQ@!%,,!;@%;!0$#)$&!:*;@!5/C.!

VP(!?(5!<(5,&!@%A$!;@$!*-B(#0%;*(-a.!!

VQ-,?!*B!*;./!*-!;@$!<(0E5;$#!/?/;$0C.!

V+5;!:@%;!%>(5;!;@$!&$$&!>((=a.!!

VD@$!:@%;a.!

"!E(*-;$&!;(!;@$!/;%0E!(-!0?!<@%-)$!(B!-%0$!<$#;*B*<%;$C!VD@$!Q,&!P?/;$0!W$$&!+((=C!";!05/;!$I*/;!/(0$:@$#$C!U(5,&-.;!?(5!H!<(5,&-.;!/(0$(-$!H!)(!%-&!<@$<=!*;a.!

VN!&$$&!>((=C.!!

";!:%/!;@$!:%?!/@$!/%*&!*;C!G(;!%!Z5$/;*(-1!>5;!%!0(-(;(-$!/;%;$0$-;C!N/!*B!%!>((=!%,(-$!:$#$!<(-;$0E;*>,$!$-(5)@1!>5;!/(0$;@*-)!<%,,$&!%-!Q,&!P?/;$0!W$$&!+((=a!";!0%?!%/!:$,,!@%A$!>$$-!<%,,$&!.#"//&0'1*"#2'3*-)&'4#'3%)'5*6$"7*-'8-/*9*7:!D@$#$!:%/!%!E*;?*-)!,((=!(-!@$#!B%<$!-(:C!]@%;!=*-&!(B!E$#/(-!:(5,&!:%-;!;(!<(-/5,;!%-!%#;$B%<;!%/!(>/(,$;$1!%/!5/$,$//1!%/!%!#$<(#&!>((=a!N!E$#/(-!:@(!E#(>%>,?!>$,*$A$&!*-!$,A$/!%-&!&#%)(-/!;((C!

V]$!&(-.;!@%A$!%-?;@*-)!,*=$!;@%;!@$#$C!"!&(-.;!=-(:!:@$#$!%!>((=!:(5,&!>$C.!

N-&!*;!:%/!;#5$^!;@$!),%//$&X*-!(BB*<$/!(B!;@$!#$)*/;#?!:$#$!>%#$!(B!E%E$#/1!>((=/1!%-?;@*-)!;@%;!B,5;;$#$&!*-!%!>#$$d$!(#!;(#$!(#!>$<%0$!/E(;;$&!%-&!?$,,(:C!

VN,,!(5#!#$<(#&/!%#$!&*)*;%,!-(:1!%-&!".0!%B#%*&!*B!?(5.#$!*-!;@$!(,&!/?/;$01!:$!<%-.;!@$,E!?(5C.!

";!:%/!%/!*B!;@$/$!;:(!/?/;$0/!:$#$!*-!/$E%#%;$!<(5-;#*$/1!(-!&*BB$#$-;!<(-;*-$-;/1!,*=$!F$I*<(!%-&!"-&*%C!N,;@(5)@!*B!;@%;!:$#$!;@$!<%/$1!%;!,$%/;!"!<(5,&!@%A$!>#*>$&!E$(E,$!,*=$!@$#!*-;(!<(X(E$#%;*-)C!"!&*&!-(;!>$,*$A$!@$#1!*-!%-?!<%/$C!"!&*&!-(;!>$,*$A$!;@%;!$A$-;/!%/!*0E(#;%-;!%/!>*#;@/!%-&!&$%;@/!:$#$!(-,?!#$<(#&$&!(-!$,$<;#(-*<!B*,$/C!+$@*-&! @$#! :$#$! @$%&X@*)@! E%#;*;*(-/1! <(-<$%,*-)! :@%;! "! /5/E$<;$&! :$#$! 0%-?!0$;#$/!(B!B*,*-)!/@$,A$/C!!

"!:%/!-(;!*-!D@$!P?/;$0C!"!:%/!@$#$1!"!@%&!>$$-!>(#-!H!;@$#$!:%/!-(!&*/E5;*-)!;@%;C!+5;! *;! B$,;!%/! *B! ;@$!/*0E,$!-%##%;*A$!(B!0?!,*B$!:%/!/(0$@(:!/,*EE*-)!%:%?C!


4(:!$%/?!*;!:(5,&!>$!B(#!0$!;(!&*/%EE$%#1!(BB*<*%,,?1!;(!5->$<(0$!;@$!E$#/(-!"!@%&!%,:%?/!>$$-C!N,(5&1!"!:(-&$#$&!@(:!"!:%/!0$%-;!;(!%<Z5*#$!0?!E%//E(#;1!(#!:%/!"!&((0$&!-$A$#!;(!)(!(A$#/$%/a!

V_(5!<(5,&!)$;!?(5#!E%//E(#;!*-!?(5#!(,&!-%0$1.!/@$!/5))$/;$&1!E(*-;*-)!;(!;@$!E*-=!<$#;*B*<%;$1!:@*<@!:%/!%EE%#$-;,?!/;*,,!A%,*&C!D@$!*#(-?!:%/!E%*-B5,C!

V]@%;!%>(5;!%,,!0?!(;@$#!"Wa.!"!/%*&C!VF?!&#*A$#./!,*<$-<$1!F$&*<%#$!<%#&a.!

VQ@1!?(5!<(5,&!<@%-)$!;@(/$!>%<=!;((C.!N/!*B!;@*/!:$#$!;@$!:(#=!(B!0*-5;$/1!%!B$:!/*0E,$!E@(-$! <%,,/C! D@$#$!:(5,&!>$! (;@$#! <%#&/1! >%-=! %<<(5-;/1! 5;*,*;*$/1! *-;$#-$;!%<<(5-;/1!0$0>$#/@*E/e*;!:%/! 5-;@*-=%>,$C! +$/*&$/! %,,! ;@%;1! ;@*/!:%/!0?! -%0$!-(:1!@%&!>$$-!B(#!?$%#/1!;@$!-%0$!5-&$#!:@*<@!"!@%&!E5>,*/@$&!$A$#?;@*-)!"!@%&!:#*;;$-C!D@$!*&$%!:%/!*0E(//*>,$C!

V]@%;!%0!"!0$%-;!;(!&(1!;@$-a.!

VD@$!(-,?!;@*-)!*/1!:$!*//5$!?(5!:*;@!%!-$:!>*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$1!*-!?(5#!-$:!-%0$C!D@*/!:*,,!<%-<$,!(5;!;@$!(;@$#!%-&!?(5.,,!@%A$!-(!E#(>,$0!)$;;*-)!?(5#!E%//E(#;C.!

P(!"!B*,,$&!*-!%-!%EE,*<%;*(-!B(#0!B(#!%!-$:!>*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$1!E%*&!%!B$$1!;@$-!E%*&!%-!$I;#%!B$$!;(!@%A$!*;!&(-$!:*;@*-!;:$-;?XB(5#!@(5#/1!%-&!0%&$!%-!%EE(*-;0$-;!;(!#$;5#-!;@$!-$I;!&%?C!"!%,/(!@%&!;(!E#(A*&$!;@#$$!B(#0/!(B!*&$-;*B*<%;*(-!;(!%EE,?!B(#!;@$! -$:! <$#;*B*<%;$1! %-&! -%;5#%,,?! ;@$! (,&! (-$! &*&! -(;! <(5-;C! "! @%&!0?! &#*A$#./!,*<$-<$C! "! @%&!0?! 5-*A$#/*;?! /;%BB! <%#&1! >5;!:*;@(5;! %! E%//E(#;! -(! (;@$#! B(#0! (B!E@(;(!"WC!f*-&,?1!/@$!%)#$$&!;(!%<<$E;!0?!F$&*<%#$!<%#&!H!E$#@%E/1!%/!*;!:%/!*//5$&!>?!%-(;@$#!)(A$#-0$-;!&$E%#;0$-;1!;@$#$!:%/!%!<(--$<;*(-!0?/;$#*(5/!;(!0$C!!

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

V]@%;!@%EE$-/!;(!;@%;a.!

VQ@1!*;.,,!)$;!&$/;#(?$&C.!

O5*;$! 5-$IE$<;$&,?1! "! @%&! %! #5/@! (B! %BB$<;*(-! B(#! 0?! (,&! >*#;@! <$#;*B*<%;$C! N!/$-/%;*(-!%,0(/;!,*=$!E%-*<!@*;!0$C!!

VW($/!*;!@%A$!;(!>$!&$/;#(?$&a.!!

P@$!/@#5))$&C!V]$,,1!*;./!*-A%,*&!-(:C.!

VU%-.;!"!=$$E!*;a.!

V_$/1!"!/5EE(/$C!".,,!@%A$!;(!<%-<$,!*;1!;@(5)@C.!

70 GriffithREVIEW33

P@$!E*<=$&!5E!%!/;%0E1!/,%00$&!*;!&(:-!(-!;@$!<$#;*B*<%;$1!/0*,$&!%-&!@%-&$&!*;!>%<=C!VD@$#$!?(5!)(C!N,,!&(-$!-(:C!4%A$!%!-*<$!&%?C.!

GQD!JQ3!QJJ"U"NY!`PTC!P@$!@%&!/;%0E$&!*;!>$/*&$!;@$!;$I;1!-(;!(A$#!*;1!/(!;@%;!0?!E%#$-;/.!-%0$/!%-&!&$;%*,/1!0?!(,&$#!/*/;$#./!-%0$!%-&!%)$1!:$#$!/;*,,!*-;%<;C!!

!THE REGISTRY OF BIRTHS1! W$%;@/! %-&!F%##*%)$/! */! ,(<%;$&! *-! %! /;#$;<@! (B!3$)$-;! P;#$$;! <,(/$! ;(! U$-;#%,! P;%;*(-C! D@$#$! */! -(;@*-)! @$#$! ;(! *0E#(A$! ;@$!/;#$$;/<%E$C!G(!;#$$/1!-(!&$<(#%;*A$!E%A*-)C!G(!,*)@;/1!-(!E(;;$&!E,%-;/C!S$(E,$!&(!-(;!:%,=!>?! B(#!E,$%/5#$1! (#!(-! ;@$*#!:%?! ;(! %-?:@$#$! $,/$!H! #$/;%5#%-;/1! /@(E/1!05/$50/!(#!)%,,$#*$/!H!B(#!;@$#$!*/!-(-$C!D@$#$!%#$!-(!>%#/!(#!<%Bg/C!G$I;!&((#!*/!;@$!,(<%,! (BB*<$! (B! U5#;*-! `-*A$#/*;?1! %! E,%<$! ;@%;! <(5,&! @%#&,?! >$! <%,,$&! %! <%0E5/C!N<#(//! ;@$!#(%&! */!%!0$;@%&(-$!<,*-*<C!D@$!<,(/$/;! ;@*-)! ;(!%;0(/E@$#$! */! ;@$!(,&!0(#;5%#?!/;%;*(-1!(A$#!(-!;@$!#%*,:%?!,*-$C!!

]@%;!5-*0%)*-%;*A$!<(00*;;$$!(#! *-&*A*&5%,!&$<*&$&!;(!,(<%;$!%!E,%<$!(B!/5<@!/?0>(,*<!*0E(#;%-<$!*-!;@*/!/@%>>?!,*;;,$!E%#;!(B!;@$!<*;?a!N-&!:@*,$!%EE,*<%;*(-/!B(#!>*#;@!%-&!&$%;@!<$#;*B*<%;$/!%#$!0(/;,?!&(-$!>?!0%*,1!0%##*%)$/!<%--(;!>$!&*/E%;<@$&!Z5*;$!/(! *0E$#/(-%,,?C!U(5E,$/!%##*A$! #$)5,%#,?! ;(!@%A$! ;@$*#!#$,%;*(-/@*E/! ,$)%,,?!%<=-(:,$&)$&1! #*/*-)! ;(! ;@$! $A$-;! *-! ;@$*#!:@*;$! B#(<=/! %-&! @*#$&! /5*;/1! ,*=$! ;@$!<(5E,$!>$*-)!0%##*$&!:@$-!"!:%/!;@$#$C!h5/;!(-<$!%!?$%#1!;@$!#$)*/;#?!%&(E;/!%!B$/;*A$!%/E$<;1!&*/E,%?*-)!#$&!@$%#;X/@%E$&!>%,,((-/!%-&!/<%;;$#*-)!#*<$! B(#! ;@$!:$&&*-)/!;@%;!;%=$!E,%<$!(-!i%,$-;*-$./!W%?1!*;/!0(/;!E(E5,%#!&%?!B(#!>5/*-$//C!Q;@$#:*/$1!;@$!>(5Z5$;/! %-&! A$*,/! %-&! E@(;()#%E@$#/! %-&! :*;-$//$/! %-&! &#$//$&X5E! B%0*,?!0$0>$#/! %#$! %,,! *-<(-)#5(5/! %)%*-/;! ;@*/! >%<=&#(EC! NB;$#! $I;#%<;*-)! 0?! >*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$1!"!B$,;!,*=$!"!:%/!,$%A*-)!/(0$!B(#0!(B!*-<%#<$#%;*(-C!]@%;!05/;!;@$!-$:,?!0%##*$&!B$$,!:@$-!;@$?!/;$E!(5;!*-;(!;@*/!>%##$-!$-&!(B!3$)$-;!P;#$$;a!N-&!:@$#$!&(!;@$?!)(! ;(! <$,$>#%;$a!D@$!0*-*X/5E$#0%#=$;!-$%#>?a!F*<@$,./!S%;*//$#*$1! E$#@%E/1!>%<=!%;!3%*,:%?!PZ5%#$a!

+5;!0(#$!:(##?*-)1!%/!"!,$B;1!:%/!;@$!B$$,*-)!"!@%&!\5/;!<(-/E*#$&!*-!%!B#%5&C!"-!;@$!E%/;1! "!@%&!/E$-;! ;*0$!,((=*-)!5E!(BB*<*%,!#$<(#&/!(B!&$%&!%5;@(#/1!A$#*B?*-)!B%<;/C!]@%;!0*)@;!/(0$(-$!H!/%?!%!)#%-&<@*,&1!(#!(;@$#!&$/<$-&%-;!H!0%=$!(B!;@$!<,$%#!%-(0%,?!(-!0?!-$:!>*#;@! <$#;*B*<%;$1!:@*<@!:%/! ;@%;!0?! B%0*,?!-%0$1!0?!(:-!/5#-%0$1!:%/!-(;! ;@$! /%0$!%/! $*;@$#! (B!0?!E%#$-;/.a!]@%;!E5#E(/$!:(5,&! ;@$?!%/<#*>$!;(!;@*/a!!

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


-(;@*-)C!";!:%/!%-!*,,5/*(-1!%!<@*0$#%C!S%E$#!<@%/*-)!E%E$#1!(#!B,(%;*-)!%:%?!*-!;@$!:*-&C!"!0*)@;!@%A$!>$$-!*-!%!W*<=$-/!-(A$,C!N!E,%*-;*BB!*-!h%#-&?<$!A/!h%#-&?<$C!

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

+$B(#$!B*,*-)!%,,!;@$!&(<50$-;/!%:%?1!"!$I%0*-$&!;@$!(,&!>*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$!%)%*-1!;@$!(-$!;@%;!/%*&!"!:%/!-50>$#!jLM!*-!;@$!#$)*/;$#1!:@%;$A$#!;@%;!0$%-;C!D@$!(-$!E#(&5<$&! 5/*-)! %! /;%-&%#&! ;?E$:#*;$#! 2-(:! =-(:-! %/! ;@$! B(-;! N0$#*<%-!D?E$:#*;$#91! :*;@! *;/! 5EE$#<%/$! P! /;5<=! @%,B:%?! 5E! ;@$! ,*-$! %-&! B5,,! /;(E/! ,*=$!>*,,*%#&!>%,,/C!D@$!(-$!;@%;!<(-B*#0$&!0?!>*#;@!:%/!#$<(#&$&!%!E#(0E;!;$-!&%?/!%B;$#!;@$! $A$-;C! D@$! (-$! :@$#$! 0?! E%#$-;/.! %&&#$//! */! /;%;$&! %/! 0?! )#%-&E%#$-;/.!%&&#$//1!-$I;!&((#!;(!;@$!@(5/$!:@$#$!"!)#$:!5Ek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b! NE#*,! KLR71! 0$%-*-)! 0?! E%#$-;/! &*&-.;! %EE,?! B(#! %! <(E?! (B! 0?! >*#;@!<$#;*B*<%;$!5-;*,!;@$!?$%#!:$!B*#/;!;#%A$,,$&!(A$#/$%/!%/!%!B%0*,?C!D@$!(-$!;@%;!"!@%A$!)%d$&! %;! %,,!0?! %&5,;! ,*B$1!:*/@*-)!0?! B%;@$#1! ;@$! V"-B(#0%-;.1! @%&! #$<(#&$&!0?!-%0$!%/!W$>(#%@1!;@$!E#(E$#!/E$,,*-)!(B!0?!-%0$C!!

D@$! (-$1! *-! (;@$#! :(#&/1! ;@%;! <(-;%*-/! Z5$/;*(-/1! E%#;*%,! ;#5;@/1! ,*;;,$! /;(#*$/1!-%##%;*A$!E(//*>*,*;*$/C!GQD!JQ3!QJJ"U"NY!`PTC!F%?>$!-(;1!>5;!B(#!(;@$#!5/$/1!(B!;@$!*0%)*-%;*(-C!!

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

Debra Adelaide (‘the full name of the registered person was previously recorded as Debra Kim Walker’) teaches creative writing at the University of Technology, Sydney. Her latest novel, The Household Guide to Dying (Picador, 2008), has been published worldwide.

72 GriffithREVIEW33

ESSAY

Beyond stigma Musings on the sadness of privacy

Frank Moorhouse

!"#$%&'()&*)+*),-.#/0$&#'+,1)+*)2+'3#0,45)6 7#8-,$)9-*'#*):;,-'2%)*0,,-+/&*$)<,#=)$%-)>?@A*B)

I THINK)C-)C#0/3) +(,--) 6) &') *#=-) %+D1)C+1) 6) $%+$) E,&.+21) +*) +) .+/0-F) +'3)8-%+.&#0,)*0,,#0'3&'()$%-)&3-+)#<)E,&.+21F)+,-)2#'*&3-,-3)<0'3+=-'$+/)&')+)(##3)*#2&-$1)+'3)$#)#0,)*-'*-)#<)*-/<4)G0$)$%-)=#,-)H5.-)$%#0(%$)+'3)2#'.-,*-3)+8#0$)$%&*)%+D&'-**) $%-) =#,-) H) %+.-) %+3) ,-+*#') $#) 8-) <-+,<0/) +8#0$) $%-) -'$-,E,&*-) #<) /-(+/)2#3&<&2+$&#')#<)E,&.+21)+'3)%+.-F)0/$&=+$-/1F)2#=-)$#)#EE#*-)&$4)

I#=-)#<)=1)$%&'J&'()&*)+/*#)H)*0*E-2$)C&*%<0/)$%&'J&'()*E,&'(&'()<,#=)=1)#C')0'#,$%#3#K).+/0-*)+8#0$)2+'3#0,F)80$)-.-')C&*%<0/)$%&'J&'()&*)E+,$)#<)$%-)-$%#*L=+J&'() E,#2-**4) M%-)C#,3) !E,&.+215) &*) +) 2#'2-E$0+/) +'3) *-=+'$&2) /+81,&'$%) +'3)C%&/-F) &')*#=-),-/+$&.-/1),+,-)*&$0+$&#'*F) &$) 2+')8-)0*-3)E,-2&*-/1) &$*)0*-)(-'-,+//1),-N0&,-*)=02%)3&*2#0,*-)$#)-*$+8/&*%)$%+$)E,-2&*&#'4)

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

FRANK MOORHOUSE: Beyond stigma 73

M%-,-)%+.-)8--')#$%-,),-E#,$*)#.-,)$%-)1-+,*4)M%-)'-C)PQ7R),-E#,$)&*)=+**&.-/1)8&((-,)$%+')$%-)>?W[)Q+C)7-<#,=)R#==&**&#'5*)$C#L.#/0=-),-E#,$)#')$%-)&**0-*)6)&//0*$,+$&'()%#C)*E,+C/&'()$%-)&**0-*)#<)E,&.+21)%+.-)8-2#=-4)H')<+2$F)&$)&//0*$,+$-*)%#C) $%-) *08\-2$) #<) E,&.+21) '#C) &*) -.-,) =#,-) /+81,&'$%&'-) +'3) </##3-3) C&$%)$%-#/#(&2+/)&'$,&2+214))

M%-)&'$-//-2$0+/)E,#\-2$)#<)$%-),-E#,$)/#*-*)2#'$,#/)8-2+0*-)&$)&*)3-+/&'()C&$%)+)2#,-)-K&*$-'$&+/)&**0-O)%#C)=02%)#<)$%-)&'$,&2+$-F)=1,&+3)3-$+&/)+8#0$)#0,*-/.-*)$%+$)'#C)*C&,/*) $%,#0(%)+/=#*$) &'<&'&$-)2%+''-/*)#<)2#==0'&2+$&#')C-)2+')-.-,)2#'$,#/)#,)2#3&<1F)+'3)C%-$%-,)C-)*%#0/3)-.-')+$$-=E$)$%&*)2#'$,#/)+'3)2#3&<&2+$&#'4)

]'/-**) 1#0) +,-) +) ,-2/0*-F) C-) 3+&/1) -K2%+'(-) +'3) 2#==0'&2+$-) 3-$+&/*) #<)#0,*-/.-*) $#)#$%-,*^)C-)*E-'3)=#*$)#<)#0,)3+1) &') !"#$%&'#!(")6)*E#J-'F)C,&$$-')#,)#8*-,.-34)H'$-,+2$&#'),-N0&,-*)$%-)$,+'*<-,)#<)&'<#,=+$&#'F)C&$$&'(/1)#,)0'C&$$&'(/14)

_-)$,1)$#)2#'$,#/)$%&*)*0,<)#<)E-,*#'+/)&'<#,=+$&#')81)3+&/1)'-(#$&+$&#'4)_-)E/+2-)&'\0'2$&#'*)6)!$%&*)&*)8-$C--')1#0)+'3)=-)+'3)$%-)(+$-E#*$5^)!H)C&//)$-//)1#0)+)*-2,-$)80$)1#0)=0*$'5$)$-//)+'1#'-)-/*-5^)#,)T+$%)+'3)T&=5*)!=&'3)1#0,)#C')8--*C+K54)_-)$,1)$#)-'2/#*-)&$)&')E,&.+$-)$,-+$&-*)6)C-)E/-+3)$%+$)E08/&2+$&#')'#$)%+EE-'F)C-)8,&8-F)C-) 0*-) *E&'L3#2$#,*F) +(-'$*F) E08/&2&*$*) +'3) *0-) &<) C-) 2+'4) _-) 80,') /-$$-,*) +'3)3&+,&-*4):`'-)#<)$%-)*+3)2+*-*)#<)3-*$,02$&#')#<)+)E-,*#'+/)+,2%&.-)C+*)$%-)80,'&'()#<)a+=-*) R##J5*) /-$$-,*) 81) %&*) C&<-4) H) ) <--/) $%+$) $%-,-) *%#0/3) 8-) +) /+C) +(+&'*$) $%-)3-*$,02$&#')#<)E,&.+$-)E+E-,*)#<)E-#E/-)C%#)%+.-)E/+1-3)+)E+,$) &')E08/&2) /&<-F)#,)+'1#'-5*)E-,*#'+/)E+E-,*F)<#,)$%+$)=+$$-,^)$#)3-*$,#1)E-,*#'+/)E+E-,*)*--=*)$#)=-)$#)8-)+)2,&=-)+(+&'*$)$%-)%0=+')*E&,&$)+'3)+')+$$-=E$)$#)<,0*$,+$-)#0,)0'3-,*$+'3&'()#<)$%-)%0=+')2#'3&$&#'4B)

M%-*-) &'<#,=+/)+3)%#2) $,-+$&-*F) +*)C&$%) &'$-,'+$&#'+/) $,-+$&-*F)3&**#/.-)C&$%) $%-)E+**&'()#<)$&=-)#,)$%-)2%+'(&'()#<)2&,20=*$+'2-*)+'3)+,-)8,-+2%-3)+*)$%-)&'$&=+21)#,) $,0*$) 0E#')C%&2%) $%-1) +,-) 8+*-3) 6) *+1F) <,&-'3*%&E) #,) +') -=E/#1--6-=E/#1-,),-/+$&#'*%&EF)#,)/#.-)6)2#//+E*-*4)G0$)C-)=+J-)$%-=)6)+*)3#)'+$&#')*$+$-*)6)8-2+0*-)$%-1)*#=-$&=-*)C#,JF)+$)/-+*$)<#,)+)$&=-4)

M%-)8+*&2F)E-,%+E*)0'2#=<#,$+8/-)-K&*$-'$&+/)<+2$)&*)$%+$)C-)3#)'#$F)&')+'1)*-20,-)*-'*-F) #C')#0,) /&.-*O)C%+$) &*) *+&3) +'3)3#'-)8-$C--') $C#)E-#E/-F) #,) +) (,#0E)#<)E-#E/-F)&'-*2+E+8/1)!8-/#'(*5)$#)+//)$%#*-)C%#)C-,-)E+,$)#<)$%-)&'$-,+2$&#')#,)C%#)#8*-,.-3)&$)#,)C%#)2+=-)$#)J'#C)+8#0$)&$4)

P'1)E-,=+'-'$)E,&.+21)6)&')&$*)%+,3L,#2J),-+/&$1)6)-K&*$*)#'/1)&')$%+$)C%&2%)C-)3#)+/#'-F)#,)*+1)$#)#0,*-/.-*):+'3)3#)'#$)C,&$-)3#C')#,)#$%-,C&*-),-2#,3BF)C%&2%)<#,)=#*$)#<)0*)&*)+).-,1)*=+//)E+,$)#<)#0,)/&<-4)M%&*)&*)C%1)+<$-,)+//)$%-*-)1-+,*)#<)&'N0&,&-*)+'3)2#=E/+&'$)+'3)*#2&+/)<,&2$&#'F)+//)$%&*)*$,0((/&'()C&$%)$%-)&**0-F)E,&.+21)&*)&')S+0/)T-+$&'(5*)C#,3*)!*$&//)'#$)*&=E/&<&-3)#,)*$,-+=/&'-3)+'3)b$%-),0/-*)(#.-,'&'()&$c)+,-)(-'-,+//1) *--') $#)8-)3+$-3F) 2#=E/-KF) 2#'<0*&'(F) <,+(=-'$-3)+'3) <0//)#<)(+E*)+'3)&'2#'*&*$-'2&-*45) `0,) 3&*20**&#') #<) E,&.+21) 2+''#$) 8-) !*&=E/&<&-3) #,) *$,-+=/&'-35)8-2+0*-)&$)&*)81)&$*)'+$0,-)!2#=E/-KF)<,+(=-'$-35)+'3)&'2#'*&*$-'$4)

74 GriffithREVIEW33

M%-) Q+C) 7-<#,=) R#==&**&#') ,-E#,$) &*) *#) C&3-) &$) &*F) &') +) *-'*-F) 8-1#'3)2#'.-,*+$&#')&')+'1)3&*2&E/&'-3)#,)2#'$,#//-3)C+1)6)&$)8-((+,*)E08/&2)3&*20**&#')+'3)H)$%&'J)$%&*)&*)C%1)$%-)=+**)=-3&+)%+*)%+3)$,#08/-)%+'3/&'()&$4)H)+=)%+.&'()$,#08/-)%+'3/&'()&$)&')$%&*)-**+1)6)C%&2%)&*)'#$)+')+$$-=E$)+$)+)2#==-'$+,1)#')$%-),-E#,$^)$%+$)&*)&=E#**&8/-4)

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d)H)*0EE#*-)&'*0,+'2-)2#=E+'&-*)2#0/3) *2+/-) $%-&,) ,&*J) +'3) 2%+,(-*) 81) J'#C&'() $%-=4) H<)C-) $%&'J) &$) &=E#,$+'$) $#),-*$,&2$)+22-**)$#)#0,)%-+/$%),-2#,3*)C%+$)3-2-E$&#')#,)<,+03)3#-*)$%&*)&'.#/.-)0*)&'d)_%+$)&*)$%-)E0,E#*-)#<)2#'2-+/&'()#0,)%-+/$%)*$+$0*d)`,)C%+$)*$&(=+)#,)*%+=-)&*)8-&'()&=E#*-3)#')0*)$#)=+J-)0*)<--/)$%+$)C-)*%#0/3)'-.-,)-KE#*-)$%&*)&'<#,=+$&#'d)M%-)PQ7R)+/*#)&'2/03-*)$%-)<#//#C&'()+*)*-'*&$&.-O),+2&+/)#,)-$%'&2)#,&(&'^)E#/&$&2+/)#E&'&#'F) *+1)%#C)C-).#$-3^)=-=8-,*%&E)#<)E#/&$&2+/)+**#2&+$&#'*^)=-=8-,*%&E)#<)$,+3-)0'&#'*^),-/&(&#0*)8-/&-<*^)E%&/#*#E%&2+/)8-/&-<*^)=-=8-,*%&E)#<)E,#<-**&#'+/)#,)$,+3-)+**#2&+$&#'*^)*-K0+/)#,&-'$+$&#')+'3)E,+2$&2-*^)+'3)2,&=&'+/),-2#,3*4)S%-C)6)+)/#$)#<)*-2,-$*)<#,)0*)$#)J--E4))

M#) (&.-) +) *&=E/&<&-3) #.-,.&-C) #<)C%+$) E-#E/-) #$%-,) $%+') $%-)PQ7R) 2#'*&3-,)E,&.+21)=+$$-,*)H)%+.-)*-/-2$-3)*#=-)-K+=E/-*)<,#=)$%-),-2#,3*)#<)$%-)"I_)S,&.+21)R#==&**&#') C%-') &$) <0'2$&#'-3) +*) +') &'3-E-'3-'$) +(-'21O) $%-) E#**&8&/&$1) #<)*$,+'(-,*)*--&'()eL,+1)E%#$#(,+E%*):$%-)C,&$-,)7#(-,)f29#'+/3F)#')$%-)#$%-,)%+'3F)&'2/03-3)%&*)=-3&2+/),-2#,3*)+'3)eL,+1*)&')%&*)+,2%&.+/)3-E#*&$)+$)$%-)]'&.-,*&$1)#<)g0--'*/+'35*) ;,1-,) Q&8,+,1B^) +) 2#=E/+&'$) +8#0$) 3#2$#,*) %+.&'() $#) ,-.-+/) $%-&,)&'2#=-*^) $%-)E08/&2+$&#')#<) $%-)E%#$#(,+E%)#<)+)2%&/3)#<)+)=0,3-,-3)C#=+'^) $%-),&(%$)$#)J--E)E,&.+$-)$%-)+33,-**)#<)+)%#/&3+1)%#=-4)P'3)#')+'3)#'4)

G0$)$%-,-)+,-)+//)*#,$*)#<)#$%-,)+'K&-$&-*)C%&2%)<--3)/&J-).0/$0,-*)#')$%-)#.-,L*$0<<-3)C#,3) 6) *%+=-F) *-2,-21F) .#1-0,&*=F) 3-2-'21F) 3-2#,0=F) E,#E-,) ,-*-,.-F)


+EE,#E,&+$-'-**F) E,#E,&-$1F) $%-) (%#0/&*%F) $%-) E,0,&-'$F) ,-*E-2$) <#,) ,-/&(&#'F)-K%&8&$&#'&*=F)&3/-)(#**&EF)0'*--=/1)(#**&EF)-<<,#'$-,1F)9#'5$)P*JO)9#'5$)M-//4)

h#C)$#)-KE/+&')$%+$)20,&#*&$1)+8#0$)$+8##)=+$-,&+/)#,)*$&(=+$&*-3)8-%+.&#0,)&*)*#)*$,#'() $%+$) &$) !*-//*) '-C*E+E-,*5d) S08/&2) &'$-,-*$) &') &'<#,=+$&#')C%&2%) $%-) +8#.-)C#,3*)3-*2,&8-) &*)E#C-,<0//1) &//0*$,+$-3)3+&/14)H$)*--=*)$#)2#'$,+3&2$)2/+&=*)+8#0$)E08/&2) 2#'2-,') C&$%) E,&.+214) `,) &*) &$) $%+$) C-) =+1) 8-) 2#'2-,'-3) C&$%) #0,) #C')'#$&#'*)#<)E,&.+21F)80$)'#$)2#'2-,'-3)C&$%)$%-)E,&.+21)#<)#$%-,*d)H<)*#F)C%+$)$#)3#)+8#0$)$%&*)2#'$,+3&2$&#'d)

H)C#0/3)/&J-)$#)+/*#)-K+=&'-)$C#),-2-'$)#E&'&#'*)#')E,&.+21)<,#=)$C#)/-+3-,*)#<)E08/&2)3&*2#0,*-)H)+3=&,-)80$)C&$%)C%#=F)#')$%&*)=+$$-,F)3&*+(,--4)

)THE FIRST COMES)<,#=)$%-)<#,=-,)\0*$&2-)#<)$%-)h&(%)R#0,$F)f&2%+-/)T&,81F)#'-)#<)=1)%-,#-*)<#,)%&*)/&8-,$+,&+')*$+'3*)#')*#2&+/)&**0-*)+'3)8-2+0*-)%-)C+*)#0,)<&,*$)#E-'/1)(+1)h&(%)R#0,$)\0*$&2-F)C%&2%)%+*)$+'(/-3)%&=)&')E,&.+21)&**0-*4))

H')UA>A)a0*$&2-)T&,81)(+.-)$%-)i&2$#,&+')S,&.+21)R#==&**&#'5*)S,&.+21)`,+$&#')&')f-/8#0,'-4) h-) $&$/-3) %&*) $%-=-L*-$$&'(F) &'$,#302$#,1) +'-23#$-) !R+0(%$) &') +)h0,,&2+'-54)

Q+*$)C--J)H) $,+.-//-3)$#)h+/&<+K) &')R+'+3+)$#)*E-+J)+$)+)2#'<-,-'2-)#');+=&/1)Q+C4)H)+,,&.-3)+$)"-C)j#,J5*)+&,E#,$)#')$&=-)+'3)C+&$-3)E+$&-'$/1)<#,)$%-)E/+'-)$#) h+/&<+K4) ]'<#,$0'+$-/1F) h0,,&2+'-) G&//) %+3) 3&*,0E$-3) E/+'-) $&=-$+8/-*4) f1)</&(%$)C+*)2+'2-//-34)_#'3-,&'()%#C)H)C#0/3)(-$)&')+'3)#0$)#<)h+/&<+KkH)/#((-3)#')$#)$%-)<,--)&'$-,'-$)+.+&/+8/-)&')$%-)+&,E#,$)/#0'(-kH)$%#0(%$)H)C#0/3)*--)C%+$)$%-)E,#<&/-)#<)=1)E+,$'-,F)a#%+').+')i/#$-')C+*4)I#)H)(##(/-3)%&*)'+=-4)h+/<C+1)+2,#**) $%-) C#,/3F) 0E) &$) 2+=-) C&$%) +) *$#,1) &') +') P0*$,+/&+') '-C*E+E-,4) M%-)2#.-,+(-F)&')+)(#**&E)2#/0='k+$$,&80$-3)$#)+')0''+=-3)/+C1-,)$%-),-=+,J+8/-)&'<#,=+$&#')$%+$F)$C-'$1)1-+,*)+(#F)C%-')a#%+')#C'-3)+)'-C*+(-'21)80*&'-**)#')$%-)"#,$%)I%#,-)#<)I13'-1F)*#=-#'-)&')f#*=+')%+3k,-2#('&*-3)=-)$#)8-)$%-)!3-/&.-,1)8#15)b#')$%-)=#,'&'()'-C*E+E-,),#0'3ck)bM%-)(#**&E)2#/0='&*$5*)+*$#'&*%=-'$)C+*c)$%+$F)HF)$%-)$%-')S,-*&3-'$)#<)$%-)"I_)R#0,$)#<)PEE-+/F)C+*)2+0(%$)!=##'/&(%$&'(5)$#)%-/E)%&*)3#=-*$&2)E+,$'-,)#0$F)+'3)&$)C+*),-2#,3-3)&')+//)#<)&$*)*+/+2&#0*)3-$+&/4))

`.-,)$%-)E+*$)3-2+3-)#,)*#F)b=1)E+,$'-,)+'3)Hc)%+.-)*--')$%&*)*$#,1),-E-+$-3)8#$%)&')$%-)E#E0/+,)+'3)$%-)(+1)E,-**4)H$)C#0/3)2-,$+&'/1)8-)+)$,&</-)&,,-(0/+,)<#,)+)*-'&#,)\03(-)$#)8-)3-/&.-,&'()'-C*E+E-,*)&')$%-)-+,/1)%#0,*)#<)$%-)=#,'&'(F)-.-')$#)%-/E)+)3#=-*$&2)E+,$'-,k)S-#E/-)%+.-)2#=-)0E)$#)0*)+'3)$#/3)0*)$%+$)$%-1)<#0'3)$%-)$+/-)-'3-+,&'(4)H$)C+*)+)J&'3)#<)-+,/1)=#,'&'()+<<&,=+$&#')#<)/#.-)$%+$)#'-)*--*)&')$-/-.&*&#')*#+E)#E-,+*4)M%-)#'/1)E,#8/-=)C&$%)$%&*)*$#,1)&*)$%+$)&$)%+*)'#$)+)*J-,,&2J)#<)$,0$%)$#)&$O)-'3-+,&'()#,)'#$F)$%-)*$#,1)&*)\0*$)<+/*-4)G0$)/&J-)#$%-,)*$#,&-*F) &$)%+*)(#$) &'$#) $%-)=-3&+)+'3) &$) &*) &=E#**&8/-) $#)3&() &$)#0$4)S-#E/-)C&//)

76 GriffithREVIEW33

2%02J/-)#,)$0$L$0$F)+*)$%-1)+,-)&'2/&'-34)G0$)$%-,-)&*)'#$%&'()C-)2+')3#)$#)2#,,-2$)$%-),-2#,3k)`<)2#0,*-F)&$)C+*)&'$-'3-3)+*)+)E0$L3#C'k&')$%+$),-*E-2$F)&$)&*)/&J-)$%-) <+/*-) +220*+$&#'*) =+3-) +(+&'*$) =-) 81) +) <-3-,+/) *-'+$#,) &') $%-) '+$&#'+/)E+,/&+=-'$4) 9-*E&$-) $%-&,) 3-=#'*$,+8/-) <+/*&$1F) b$%-) *-'+$#,5*c) C&$%3,+C+/F) %&*)+E#/#(1k=1)'+=-)C&//)+/C+1*)8-)/&'J-3)C&$%)$%#*-)<+/*-)2/+&=*4)R+'5$)(-$)+C+1)<,#=) $%-=4)9+=+(-)3#'-4)P)'+*$1) +**#2&+$&#'4)G0$) *%#0/3) H) 2+,-d) I%#0/3)=1)E+,$'-,) +'3) =1) <+=&/1) 2+,-d) _-//F) $%-1) 3#4) j#0) *--F) E-#E/-) *$&//) .+/0-) $%-&,)E,&.+21F)$%-&,),-E0$+$&#')+'3)$%-)C+1)#$%-,)E-#E/-)E-,2-&.-)$%-=4)H')$%-)+(-)#<)$%-)&'$-,'-$F)*$#,&-*)$%+$)#'2-)C#0/3)%+.-)8--')C,+EE&'()$%-)<&*%)+'3)2%&E*)+'3)8--') <#,(#$$-') +) <-C) C--J*) #,) =#'$%*) #,) 1-+,*) /+$-,F) +,-) E,-*-,.-3) <#,-.-,4)P'1#'-)C+'$&'()$#),-+3)$%-=)2+')\0*$)(##(/-)+)'+=-)+$)a;T)P&,E#,$F)+'3)$%-,-)&*)&$F) #'2-) +(+&'4) H==#,$+/F) &'.&*&8/-F) +) '-C) Y#3) $#) E,#\-2$) E-,*#'+/) 3-$+&/*)C#,/3C&3-4)

)a0*$&2-)T&,81)$%-')2&$-3)+'#$%-,)-K+=E/-)&'.#/.&'()+)=-=8-,)#<)$%-)]I)I0E,-=-)

R#0,$)*%#C&'()%#C)=02%)E-,*#'+/)3+$+)2+')8-)2#//-2$-3)<,#=)$%-)&'$-,'-$O)!H) \0*$)%#E-)$%+$)b$%-)3#**&-,c)3&3)'#$)2#'$+&')3-=-+'&'()+'3)<+/*-)3+$+)+//-(&'()$%+$)$%-)\03(-)C+*)=##'/&(%$&'() &') *#=-) 0'0*0+/)C+1) 6) E-,%+E*) 3-/&.-,&'() E&DD+) <#,) +)<+=&/1)80*&'-**45)

M#)=-F)$%&*)=0/$&LE#&'$-3)+'-23#$-),-.-+/*)$%-)&=E#**&8/-)*2#E-)C-)(&.-)$#)$%-)C#,3) !E,&.+215) +'3) $%-) '-+,) &=E#**&8&/&$1) #<) (-'-,+/&*&'() +8#0$) 2+$-(#,&-*) +'3)0'3-,/1&'()E,&'2&E/-*4)H$)&*)+')-K+=E/-)#<)%#C)C&3-)$%-)$-,=)%+*)8--')*$,-$2%-3)&')#0,)3&*2#0,*-)6)*$,-$2%-3)$#)$%-)E#&'$)C%-,-)$%-)=-+'&'()*%+$$-,*4)_%-')H),+&*-3)f&2%+-/)T&,815*)*$+$-=-'$*)C&$%)*#=-)#<)=1)<,&-'3*)6)*#=-)/-(+/F)*#=-)(+1)6)C-)<#0'3)&$)3&<<&20/$)$#)&3-'$&<1)$%-)%+,=)#,)-.-')-=8+,,+**=-'$)$%+$)C#0/3)</#C)<,#=)$%-)2#'$-'$)#<)$%-)+'-23#$-4))

H)$%&'J)$%+$)a0*$&2-)T&,81)&*)$##)E-**&=&*$&2)+8#0$)$%-)*&$0+$&#'4)P*)&$)%+EE-'*)$%-)<+/*-)*$#,1)3#-*)(-$)2#,,-2$-3)6)&<) &$)'--3*)2#,,-2$&#')6)&$) &*)2#,,-2$-3)C%-')C-)(#)#'/&'-)$#),-+3)C%+$)%-)%+3)$#)*+1)#')E,&.+214)H$)&*)2#,,-2$-3)81)=1),-E-+$&'()$%+$)2#,,-2$&#')+'3)%&*)2#'2-,'*)%-,-4)

H) *0*E-2$) $%+$) $%-) 2#,,-2$&#') C&//) 0/$&=+$-/1) #.-,C%-/=) $%-) -,,#,) &<) &$) %+*'5$)+/,-+31)+'3)$%+$)$%-)&'$-,'-$)C&//)0/$&=+$-/1)E/+1)$%-)=+\#,)E+,$) &')$%-)2#,,-2$&#'4)M%-,-) +,-) -'$-,$+&'&'() C-8*&$-*) 3-.#$-3) $#) 3-80'J&'() <+//+2&#0*) /-(-'3*) +'3),0=#0,*F)-*E-2&+//1)$%#*-)*0,,#0'3&'()E08/&2)<&(0,-*4)j-$)f&2%+-/)T&,81)<-/$)$%+$)<#,)%&=F)+*)+)\03(-F)$#)3#)$%&*)*#,$)#<)C#,J)C#0/3)8-)3-=-+'&'()6)C+*)+)*$&(=+4)

P'3) <&'+//1F)%#C)=02%)2#'*&3-,+$&#')*%#0/3)C-)3-=+'3) 6)+'3)C%+$) /-(+/)#,)#$%-,)=-2%+'&*=*)3#)C-)C&*%) $#) 2#'*$,02$) 6) $#) E,#$-2$) E-#E/-)C%#) !.+/0-) $%-&,)E,&.+21F) $%-&,) ,-E0$+$&#') +'3) $%-) C+1) #$%-,) E-#E/-) E-,2-&.-) $%-=5d) ;#,) =-F) &$)8-2#=-*)+')-K+=E/-)#<)%#C)#'2-)C-)/-(+//1)2#3&<1)C%+$)+)2&$&D-')E-,2-&.-*)$#)8-)+')#<<-'2-) +(+&'*$) %&*) #,) %-,) E,&.+21)C-) *#=-$&=-*)0'&'$-'$&#'+//1) '(*!+,) #-$) .#!/0&)


2#'$+&'-3)&')f&2%+-/)T&,815*)0*-)#<)$%-)C#,3)!3-=-+'&'(51)H)#<$-')$+J-)$%-)+3.&2-)#<)=1)<+.#0,&$-)l'(/&*%)'#.-/&*$)<,#=)$%-)'&'-$--'$%)2-'$0,1F)Y-#,(-)l/&#$F)C%#)*+&3)&')+)/-$$-,)&')>VX[F)!Q&<-)&*)$##)E,-2&#0*)$#)8-)*E-'$)&')$%&*)C-+.&'()+'3)0'C-+.&'()#<)<+/*-) &=E,-**&#'*F) +'3) &$) &*) 8-$$-,) $#) /&.-) N0&-$/1) 0'3-,) *#=-) 3-(,--) #<)=&*,-E,-*-'$+$&#') $%+') $#)+$$-=E$) $#),-=#.-) &$)81) $%-)0'2-,$+&')E,#2-**)#<) /-$$-,LC,&$&'(45)

)I QUOTE NOW)<,#=)$%-)#E-'&'()+'-23#$-)#<)S+0/)T-+$&'(5*)+33,-**)#')E,&.+21)(&.-')+$)$%-)R-'$,-)<#,)P3.+'2-3)a#0,'+/&*=)+$)$%-)]'&.-,*&$1)#<)f-/8#0,'-)&')UA>A4)h-)&*)+/*#)+)%-,#)#<)=&'-)<#,)%&*)+,$*)E#/&2&-*)C%&/-)E,&=-)=&'&*$-,4)h-)*+&3O)

M%-)E,-**)&*)#.-,*$-EE&'()&')-.-,1)3&,-2$&#')$%-)#8.&#0*)8#0'3*)#<)E,#E,&-$1)+'3)#<)3-2-'214)Y#**&E)&*)'#)/#'(-,)$%-),-*#0,2-)#<)$%-)&3/-)+'3)#<)$%-).&2&#0*F)80$)%+*)8-2#=-)+)$,+3-F)C%&2%)&*)E0,*0-3)C&$%)&'30*$,1)+*)C-//)+*)-<<,#'$-,14)M#)*+$&*<1)+)E,0,&-'$)$+*$-F)$%-)3-$+&/*)#<)*-K0+/),-/+$&#'*)+,-)*E,-+3)8,#+32+*$)&')$%-)2#/0='*)#<)$%-)3+&/1)E+E-,*4)M#)#220E1)$%-)&'3#/-'$F)2#/0=')0E#')2#/0=')&*)<&//-3)C&$%)&3/-)(#**&EF)C%&2%)2+')#'/1)8-)E,#20,-3)81)&'$,0*&#')0E#')$%-)3#=-*$&2)2&,2/-k)

H')$%&*F)+*)&')#$%-,)8,+'2%-*)#<)2#==-,2-F)$%-)*0EE/1)2,-+$-*)$%-)3-=+'34)l+2%)2,#E)#<)0'*--=/1)(#**&EF)$%0*)%+,.-*$-3F)8-2#=-*)$%-)*--3)#<)=#,-F)+'3F)&')3&,-2$)E,#E#,$&#') $#) &$*) 2&,20/+$&#'F) ,-*0/$*) &') $%-) /#C-,&'()#<) *#2&+/) *$+'3+,3*) +'3)#<)=#,+/&$14) l.-') (#**&E) +EE+,-'$/1) %+,=/-**F) C%-') C&3-/1) +'3) E-,*&*$-'$/1)2&,20/+$-3F)&*)E#$-'$)<#,)-.&/4)H$)8#$%)8-/&$$/-*)+'3)E-,.-,$*4)H$)8-/&$$/-*)81)&'.-,$&'()$%-),-/+$&.-)&=E#,$+'2-)#<)$%&'(*F)$%0*)3C+,<&'()$%-)$%#0(%$*)+'3)+*E&,+$&#'*)#<)+)E-#E/-4))

_%-') E-,*#'+/) (#**&E) +$$+&'*) $%-) 3&('&$1) #<) E,&'$F) +'3) 2,#C3*) $%-) *E+2-)+.+&/+8/-) <#,)=+$$-,*) #<) ,-+/) &'$-,-*$) $#) $%-) 2#==0'&$1F)C%+$)C#'3-,) $%+$) $%-)&('#,+'$)+'3)$%#0(%$/-**)=&*$+J-)&$*),-/+$&.-)&=E#,$+'2-4)

I#=-)#<)=1)/+'(0+(-)&*)+)(&.-+C+14)bM%-*-)C#,3*)C-,-)'#$c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

)H)C&*%)$#)=+J-)*#=-)*0EE/-=-'$+,1)#8*-,.+$&#'*)$#)$%#*-)#<)S+0/)T-+$&'()+'3)

+8#0$)$%&*)N0#$+$&#')<,#=)>V?A4)f02%)#<)C%+$)&*)2#=E/+&'-3)+8#0$)#,)2#,,+//-3)&'$#)+)E,&.+21)#<<-'2-)&')$%&*)N0#$-)%+*)8--')+,#0'3)<#,)+)/#'()$&=-)8-<#,-)=+**L=-3&+)$-2%'#/#(1) 6) &$) C+*) 2+//-3) .&//+(-) (#**&EF) (#**&E) +8#0$) $%-) ,#1+/) <+=&/1F) +8#0$)

78 GriffithREVIEW33

E,&-*$*F) +8#0$)E-#E/-) &') +0$%#,&$14) ;#,)E-,%+E*) 2-'$0,&-*F) E-#E/-) &')E08/&2) E/+2-*)%+.-)%+3)$#)E0$)0E)C&$%)&$)+/$%#0(%)*#=-)%+.-)$+J-')-K$,-=-)=-+*0,-*)$#)*$#E)&$F)&'2/03&'()$%-)20$$&'()#0$)#<)$#'(0-*4))

P'3)+(+&'F)=02%)#<)$%-)2#=E/+&'$)81)G,+'3-&*)+'3)_+,,-')&*)+8#0$)=+$$-,*)6)*-K0+/F) <#,) -K+=E/-) 6) C%&2%) 2#'$+&') *$&(=+*F) *+1) #<) +30/$-,1) #,) *-K) #0$*&3-)=+,,&+(-F)*$&(=+*)C%&2%)E,&.+21)2#3&<&2+$&#')C#0/3)-'3#,*-4)

H)C#0/3) /&J-) $#) &'$,#302-)#'-)#,) $C#) ,-/+$&.-/1)'-C)2/+&=*) <#,)E,&.+21) &')#0,)*#2&-$1) 6) +'#$%-,)#33&$1) &') $%-) +'$*)'-*$) #<) -.-,)(,#C&'()E,&.+21) 2#'2-,'*)6) $%-)2/+&=*)<#,)E,&.+21)+8#0$)&'2#=-*)+'3)+8#0$)E+1=-'$)#<)$+K+$&#'4)I#=-)2#0'$,&-*F)*02%) +*) IC-3-'F) 0'3-,) <,--3#=) #<) &'<#,=+$&#') ,0/-*) +'3) +*) +) *$,+$-(1) +(+&'*$)2#,,0E$&#')E0$)-.-,1#'-5*)$+K),-$0,'*)&')$%-)E08/&2)3#=+&'4)IC-3-')&*),+'J-3)-N0+/)<&,*$) :C&$%) 9-'=+,J) +'3) "-C) m-+/+'3B) #0$) #<) >VA) 2#0'$,&-*) &') M,+'*E+,-'21)H'$-,'+$&#'+/5*)+''0+/)*0,.-1)#<)2#,,0E$&#'4)

H')*#=-)2#0'$,&-*F)$%-,-)&*)E08/&2)3&*2/#*0,-)#<)&'<#,=+$&#')+8#0$)$+K)-.+3-,*4);#,)-K+=E/-F)0'3-,)Y,--J)/+C)$%-)E,-*-'$+$&#')#<)+)'-C)803(-$)&*)+22#=E+'&-3)81)$%-)'+=-*)#<)$+K)-.+3-,*)&')$%-)E,-.&#0*)1-+,)2#=E&/-3)81)$%-)<&'+'2-)=&'&*$,14)H')$%-)PRM)+//)E08/&2)*-,.+'$*5)&'2#=-*)+,-)+.+&/+8/-)$#)$%-)E08/&2)+'3)E08/&*%-3)#'/&'-4)

_%+$)&*)&$)C-)<-+,d)

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

f#*$)#<)0*)#8-1)2-,$+&')2#'.-'$&#'*)+'3) $,-+$&-*)+8#0$) $%-*-)2#==0'&2+$&#'*F)$%+$)&*F)0'$&/)C-)*--)$%+$)#$%-,)#.-,,&3&'().+/0-*)C#0/3)8-)*-,.-3)81)8,-+J&'()$%-=4)H<)1#0)8-/&-.-)&')+)=#,-)#E-'F)2+'3&3)*#2&-$1)1#0)=&(%$)+,(0-)$%+$)$%-,-)&*)'#),-+*#')C%1)C-)*%#0/3)8-)*$&</-3F)*0EE,-**-3F)#,)8-%#/3-')$#)$%-).+/0-*)#<)$%#*-)C%#)+,-)'#$)8-/&-.-,*) &')+)=#,-)2+'3&3)*#2&-$14)_-)2+''#$) /&.-)#0,) /&.-*)81) $%-)*%+=-)#<)#$%-,*F)81)$%-&,)$&=&3&$1)#,)$%-&,)&'%&8&$&#'*4))

)WHAT INTERESTS ME)&*)$%-)=+J&'()#<)$%-)-$%#*)+,#0'3)$%-)C#,3)!E,&.+215)+*)*-E+,+$-) <,#=) $%-)=+J&'() #<) /+C*) +'3) ,-(0/+$&#'*) 6) $%-) 2%+,+2$-,&*$&2) *E&,&$) #<) +)20/$0,-F)-,+F)#,)2#==0'&$1)+*)=+'&<-*$-3)&')&$*)+$$&$03-*)+'3)+*E&,+$&#'*)6)$%-)*E&,&$)C%&2%) =#$&.+$-*) $%-) &3-+*) +'3) 20*$#=*) #<) +) 2#==0'&$1F) *#=-$&=-*) 2+//-3)!*$+'3+,3*)#<)8-%+.&#0,54))

M%-)-$%#*)&*)/+,(-,)$%+')$%-)E#/&$&2+/)#,)/-(+/)E,#2-**F)+/$%#0(%)$%-*-)2+')8-)8#$%)+')-KE,-**&#')#<)&$)+'3)+)C+1)#<),-&'<#,2&'()&$F)80$)$%-1)2+')+/*#)8-)&')2#'</&2$)C&$%)&$4)M%-)-$%#*)2+')8-),-.-+/-3F)&')+),#0(%)+'3),-+31)C+1F)81)#E&'&#')*0,.-1*)+'3)E#//*F)


+'3)2+')H)*0*E-2$)+/*#)8-)2%+'(-3)81)E#//&'()6)<#,)-K+=E/-F)E-#E/-),-+/&*&'()$%+$)$%-)C#,/3) %+*) 2%+'(-3) +,#0'3) $%-=) =+1) ,-2#&/) <,#=) $%-*-) 2%+'(-*) +'3) 8-2#=-)-'-,(&*-3) $#) #EE#*-) +'3) ,-.-,*-) $%-) 2%+'(-*) *%#C') 81) $%-) E#//*4) H) *#=-$&=-*)*E-20/+$-) $%+$)E#//*F)#'2-)E08/&*%-3F) &==-3&+$-/1)3&*$0,8)+'3)<,+2$0,-)$%-)E&2$0,-)$%-1)E,-*-'$4)

l$%#*)=+1)2%+'(-)&'),-*E#'*-)$#)'-C)&3-+*)#,)<#,2-*)+'3)&*)+')-.#/.&'()$%&'(F)-*E-2&+//1)&')*#2&-$&-*)C%&2%)%#/3)$#)<,--)E08/&2)+'3)E,&.+$-)3&*20**&#')+'3)C%-,-)/-(&*/+$&#')&*)3-=#2,+$&2+//1)-'+2$-3)+'3),-.&*-34)_-)+,-)+//F)&')-.-,13+1)8-%+.&#0,)+'3) -KE,-**&#'F) 8#$%) 3-=#'*$,+$&'() +'3) +2$&'() #0$) $%-) -$%#*) +'3F) &') +) 31'+=&2)*#2&-$1F),-<&'&'()$%-)-$%#*F)-.-'),-.-,*&'()&$4)M%-)-$%#*)&*)'#$)*#/&3)#,)E-,=+'-'$4)

M#)&'<#,=)&$*),-E#,$F)$%-)PQ7R)C-'$)&')*-+,2%)#<)E08/&2)*$+'3+,3*)+'3)+$$&$03-*4)P$)$%-)*+=-)$&=-)$%-),-E#,$)&*)E+,$)#<)$%-)=+J&'()#<)$%-)-$%#*)80$)&$)&*)'#$)$%-)-'3)#<)$%-) +,(0=-'$) '#,) &*) &$) $%-) +,8&$-,) #<) #0,) -$%#*) 6) +*) $%-) ,-\-2$&#') #<) =+'1) #<) &$*),-2#==-'3+$&#'*)81)$%-)(#.-,'=-'$)*%#C*4)

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

f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

h-)E#&'$*)#0$)$%+$)$%-)'-K$)(-'-,+$&#')#<)*=+,$)E%#'-*)C&//)$&-)&'$#)$%-)'-$C#,J)$#)8-2#=-) !#0,)E#&'$*)#<)E,-*-'2-)C&$%&')+)n2/#03o)#<) &'<#,=+$&#')+8#0$)#0,*-/.-*F)2,-+$-3)81)#0,*-/.-*54)S-,%+E*)C%+$)%-)&*)<#,-2+*$&'()&*)+)<#,=)#<)!2#=&'()#0$5)+8#0$)#0,*-/.-*)+*)+)*E-2&-*d)

M%-)PQ7R)$,&-3)$#)3&*2#.-,)$%-)+$$&$03-*)#<)$%-)1#0'(-,)&'$-,'-$)(-'-,+$&#'*)+'3),-+/&*$&2+//1) 3-2&3-3) $%+$) &$) 2#0/3) '#$) 8-) *0,-) C%-$%-,) $%-) +EE+,-'$) &'2,-+*-) &')#E-''-**)+'3)2+'3#0,)+=#'()$%-)1#0'()#')$%-)&'$-,'-$)&*)-.&3-'2-)#<)$%-)-$-,'+/),-2J/-**'-**)#<)1#0$%)#,)-.&3-'2-)#<)<0,$%-,)*&('&<&2+'$)/##*-'&'()#<)+$$&$03-*)$#F)+'3)'#$&#'*)#<F)E,&.+214)M%-) 2#==&**&#') 2#'2/03-3F) ,-+*#'+8/1F) $%+$) &$) &*) $##) *##') $#)3,+C)+)2#'2/0*&#')+8#0$)$%&*4)

80 GriffithREVIEW33

A STIGMA IS)C%-,-)*&('&<&2+'$)E+,$*)#<)$%-)E08/&2)#E&'&#')+'3)$%-)=-3&+)$,-+$)2-,$+&')8-%+.&#0,)+*)*#2&+//1)0'+22-E$+8/-)+'3)&')*#=-)2+*-*)+*)2,&=&'+/F)+'3)*--J)$#)E0'&*%) $%&*) 8-%+.&#0,) $%,#0(%) -KE#*0,-) +'3) $%-') ,&3&20/-) +'3) 2#'$-=E$F) 81)#*$,+2&*&'(F)81)+80*-F)81)-KE,-**-3)3&*(0*$4)

`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

I#=-)-K&*$&'() *$&(=+*)+,-)0'\0*$) +'3) &'%0=+'-O)hHi) *$+$0*F).-'-,-+/)3&*-+*-F)E,#=&*20&$1F) 2,#**L3,-**&'(F) $%-) E,+2$&*-) #<) E,#*$&$0$&#') 8#$%) 81) 2/&-'$) +'3) *-K)C#,J-,F)E,&*#')%&*$#,1F)3-8$):+/$%#0(%)&')*#=-)*0820/$0,-*)&$)2+')8-)+)8#+*$)6)!&<)H)#C-)$%-)8+'J)+)$%#0*+'3)3#//+,*)&$5*)=1)E,#8/-=^)&<)H)#C-)$%-=)+)=&//&#')&$5*)$%-&,)E,#8/-=5BF)-K2-**&.-)3,&'J&'(F)$%-)$+J&'()#<)=-3&2+$&#')<#,)=-'$+/)%-+/$%)E,#8/-=*)$#)+/$-,)E-,*#'+/&$1F)#,)C#,J)C%&2%)&*)*--')+*)*#2&+//1)3-=-+'&'()#,)#<) /#C)*#2&+/)*$+$0*):$%-)f&2%+-/)T&,81)-K+=E/-B4))

I#=-)*$&(=+*)+,-)0'3-,*$+'3+8/-)C%&/-)%+.&'()+)3-(,--)#<)&'%0=+'&$1)C&$%&')$%-=O)/0'()2+'2-,)<,#=)*=#J&'(F)2&,,%#*&*)$%,#0(%)-K2-**&.-)3,&'J&'(F)#8-*&$1)<,#=)(/0$$#'1F)3#=-*$&2).&#/-'2-F)E%1*&2+/)+'3)*-K0+/)+80*-)#<)2%&/3,-'F)+'3)$+K)-.+*&#'):+/$%#0(%)H)%+.-)%-+,3)E-#E/-)8#+*$&'()+8#0$)$%&*B4))

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h-&',&2%) ]/,&2%*) &'$,#302-3) $%-) &3-+) #<) *-/<L3&*2/#*0,-) +*) +) =-+'*) #<)-=+'2&E+$&#'B4))

H$) *%#C*) 20,&#0*) +'3) .+/0+8/-) $%&'(*) +8#0$) $%-) '+$0,-) #<) -$%#*) 6) +'3) $%-)N0-*$&#'*)#<)E,&.+214)M%&*)*#2&+/)+2$&#')C+*)'#$)$%-),-*0/$)#<)/-(&*/+$&#'F)+/$%#0(%)&$)/-3)$#)2%+'(-*)&')/-(&*/+$&#')&')C-*$-,')2#0'$,&-*^)&$)C+*)'#$)$%-),-*0/$)#<)+)2%+'(-)&')E08/&2) #E&'&#') 6) +$) $%-) $&=-F) &') =#*$) C-*$-,') 2#0'$,&-*F) #EE#*-3) $#) 3-2,&=&'+/L


&*+$&#')#<)%#=#*-K0+/&$1)#,)+EE,#.+/)#<)&$4)P0*$,+/&+)/-3)$%-)C+1)#')(+1),&(%$*)6)C&$%)9-''&*)P/$=+'5*)(,#0'38,-+J&'()>?W>)8##J)2(0(.$;:&8<)=>>%$..!(")&"*)4!7$%&#!("4))

M%-)<&,*$)f+,3&)Y,+*)6)#,)Y+1)S,&3-)=+,2%)6)C+*)%-/3)&')I13'-1)#')UZ)a0'-)>?WV)+$)>A)E=)+*)+)2-/-8,+$&#')#<)(+1)&3-'$&$14)H$)<#//#C-3)+)=#,'&'()E,#$-*$)=+,2%)+'3)2#==-=#,+$&#')#<)$%-)I$#'-C+//)7&#$*4)M%-)#,(+'&*-,*)%+3)#8$+&'-3)E-,=&**&#')80$)$%&*)C+*),-.#J-3F)+'3)$%-)E#/&2-)8,#J-)0E)$%-)=+,2%)+'3)<&<$1L$%,--)E-#E/-)C-,-)+,,-*$-34) P/$%#0(%) =#*$) 2%+,(-*) C-,-) -.-'$0+//1) 3,#EE-3F) $%-) ?,*"$,) @(%"!"/)2$%&8*)E08/&*%-3)$%-)'+=-*)+'3)+33,-**-*)#<)$%#*-)+,,-*$-3)&')<0//F)/-+3&'()$#)*#=-)E-#E/-)8-&'()#0$-3)+'3)*#=-)/#*&'()$%-&,)\#8*4)h#=#*-K0+/&$1)C+*)+)2,&=-)&')"-C)I#0$%)_+/-*)0'$&/)>?VZ4)

H$)&*)+')-K+=E/-)#<)E0'&$&.-)\#0,'+/&*=)+&=-3)+$),-&'<#,2&'()+)*$&(=+^)*-/<L#0$&'()$0,'-3)$%-)*$&(=+)&'*&3-L#0$4)

"#C)&')E#/&$&2+/F)2+*0+/)#,)-.-')%0=#,#0*)2#'$-K$*F)2#=&'()#0$)2+')=-+'F)81)-K$-'*&#'F) $%-) *-/<L3&*2/#*0,-) #<) +) E-,*#'5*) *-2,-$) 8-%+.&#0,*F) 8-/&-<*F) +<<&/&+$&#'*F)$+*$-*)+'3)&'$-,-*$*)C%&2%)=+1)%+.-)E,-.&#0*/1)8--')+)2+0*-)#<)*%+=-)#,)=+1)%+.-)2+0*-3) 3&*+EE,#.+/) +=#'() <,&-'3*4) I#=-) -K+=E/-*) &'2/03-) 2#=&'() #0$) +*) +')+/2#%#/&2F)2#=&'()#0$)+*)+)2#'*-,.+$&.-F)2#=&'()#0$)+*)+')+$%-&*$F)2#=&'()#0$)+8#0$)2#*=-$&2)*0,(-,1)+'3)*#)#'4)

M%-,-) &*) $%-) N0-*$&#') #<) 8-&'() #0$-3F) $%+$) &*F) '#$) .#/0'$+,&/1) +8+'3#'&'() $%-)<#,=-,/1)E,&.+$-)'+$0,-)#<)+)E+,$)#<)#'-5*)/&<-)80$F)&'*$-+3F)%+.&'()&$),-.-+/-3)81)$%-)=-3&+4) 7-2-'$/1F) $%-) I-.-') "-$C#,J) #0$-3) $%-) "I_) M,+'*E#,$) f&'&*$-,F) 9+.&3)R+=E8-//F) 81) 8,#+32+*$&'() <##$+(-F) <&/=-3) <,#=) $%-) *$,--$F) #<) R+=E8-//) /-+.&'()T-'5*) #<) T-'*&'($#') 6) +) %#=#*-K0+/) =--$&'() E/+2-4) M%-) 2%+''-/) 3-<-'3-3) $%-)#0$&'()+*)8-&'()&')$%-)E08/&2)&'$-,-*$)8-2+0*-)R+=E8-//)%+3)0*-3)+)(#.-,'=-'$)2+,)$#)3,&.-)$#)$%-)2/084)M%&*)C+*)N0&2J/1)3,#EE-3)C%-')&$)$0,'-3)#0$)$%-,-)%+3)8--')'#)8,-+2%)#<)+'1),-(0/+$&#'*)#,)(0&3-/&'-*)<#,)0*-)#<)(#.-,'=-'$).-%&2/-*4))

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

_-) +,-) (,+30+//1) ,-.-+/&'() =+'1) =#,-) $%&'(*) +8#0$) #0,*-/.-*) &') *$,02$0,-3)C+1*) $%+') 2#=E+,+8/-) E+*$) (-'-,+$&#'*4) _-) -KE#*-) #0,*-/.-*) '#C) $#) 3#2$#,*F)E*12%&+$,&*$*F) E*12%#/#(&*$*F) /&8,+,&+'*F) &') (,#0E) $%-,+E1) +'3) *0EE#,$) (,#0E*F) $#)2#0'*-//#,*F) /+C1-,*F) \#0,'+/&*$*F)C,&$-,*F) <&/==+J-,*F) $%-) E#/&2-F) '+$&#'+/) *-20,&$1)+(-'2&-*F) $%-) 2#0,$*F) #'/&'-) 2%+$) *&$-*F) ;+2-8##JF) 2,-3&$) 2+,3) 2#=E+'&-*) +'3)$-/-.&*&#')E,#(,+=*)*02%)+*)A%)B-!84)_-)!#0$5)#0,*-/.-*4)

82 GriffithREVIEW33

WHAT THEN AM) H)*+1&'()+8#0$)E,&.+21d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

M%-)<0,$%-,)-'$+'(/-=-'$)+'3)-'=-*%&'()#<)$%-)E,+2$&2-*)#<)3+1L$#L3+1)/&<-)&'$#)/-(+/) /&+8&/&$1) C&$%) $%-) ,&*J) #<) E#$-'$&+/) /&$&(+$&#') C&//) /-+3) $#) #.-,L2+0$&#0*F)-K2-**&.-/1)*-'*&$&.-F)2,+=E-3)+'3)&'%&8&$-3)*#2&+/),-/+$&#'*%&E*4)

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

H')$0,')$%-*-)/&$-,+,1)=#.-=-'$*)/##*-'-3)\#0,'+/&*=)C&$%)$%-)-=-,(-'2-)#<)$%-)<,+'J) =+**L=-3&+) E,#<&/-) +'3) /#'() &'$-,.&-C4) P'3) $%-') <&/=) +'3) $-/-.&*&#') 6)3#20=-'$+,1) +'3) '+,,+$&.-) :+'3) E-,%+E*) !,-+/&$15) $-/-.&*&#'B) 6) %+.-) &'2,-+*&'(/1)0'3-,=&'-3)*#=-)*$&(=+*)$%,#0(%)2+'3#0,4)_-)*$&//)%+.-)+)C+1)$#)(#4))

H)*$&//)$%&'J)$%+$)$%-)0*-)#<)$%-)+(-L#/3)&'$-,E-,*#'+/)$,-+$&-*F)%#C-.-,)*%+J1)$%-1)+,-)+$) $&=-*F)+,-) $%-)8-*$)C+1) <#,)0*) $#)=+'+(-) &'<#,=+$&#')+8#0$)#0,*-/.-*4)f1)+'+,2%&*$)*-/<)%+*)(,-+$)-=E+$%1)C&$%)h-,=+')f-/.&//-5*)C&/<0//1)E,&.+$-)G+,$/-81F)C%#) (+.-) '#) ,-+*#') #,) -KE/+'+$&#') <#,) %&*) 8-%+.&#0,) 80$) C%#) *+&3) *&=E/1) %-)!E,-<-,,-3)'#$)$#54)H')$%-)8,#+3-*$)*-'*-F)E,&.+21)<#,)=-)3&.&3-*)&'$#)$%#*-)$%&'(*)C-)+,-) <,&(%$-'-3) #0,) <,&-'3*) C&//) <&'3) #0$) +'3) $%#*-) $%&'(*) C-) 3#'5$) C+'$) $%-)(#.-,'=-'$) $#) J'#CF)C%+$) H)C#0/3) 2+//) %#,&D#'$+/) E,&.+21) +'3) .-,$&2+/) E,&.+214)G+,$/-81)C+*)=+J&'() %&*) #C') $,-+$1) 6) $%-) #EE#*&$-) $#) 2#=&'() #0$4) M%+$) *%#0/3)+/C+1*)8-)+')#E$&#')<#,)0*4)M%-),&(%$)$#)8-)*%14)h&*)E#*&$&#')&*)*$&//)+)*#0'3)3-<+0/$)*-$$&'() <#,) 0*) &') +) 2#=E/-K) +'3) 2-'$,+/&*-3)C#,/3)C&$%) &'2,-+*&'() (#.-,'=-'$) 6).-,$&2+/)6)(+$%-,&'()#<)E-,*#'+/)&'<#,=+$&#'4)G0$)%&*)E#*&$&#')*%#0/3)'#$)8-)C%-,-)


C-)&3-+//1)C#0/3)C&*%)$#)8-4)_-)*%#0/3)&3-+//1)$,1)$#)2,-+$-)+)2#==0'&$1)C%-,-)<-C-,)$%&'(*)+,-)*%+=-<0/F)-=8+,,+**&'(F)2#'2-+/-3)6)C%-,-)$%-,-)&*)/-**)'--3)<#,)<0,$&.-'-**4)M%-,-)&*)+)'&2-)/&'-)&')$%-)<&/=)C-$)D&"*)B8&,$*)="F)C%&2%)&*)+8#0$)$%-)-=-,(-'21) #<) hHi4) 7&2%+,3) Y-,-) E/+1*) +') hHiL&'<-2$-3) 2-/-8,&$1) C%#) C%-')3-*2,&8&'() %&*) *-K0+/) 8-%+.&#0,) $#) +)=-3&2+/) ,-*-+,2%-,) *+1*F) !H) 3#'5$)=&'3) 1#0)J'#C&'()+//)$%&*)+8#0$)=-)6)80$)H5=)'#$)*0,-)H)C+'$)$#)J'#C45)

Q+C),-<#,=)#')$%-)N0-*$&#')#<)E,&.+21)*%#0/3)'#$)(,+'$)+)E-,=+'-'$)*$&(=+)$#)2#'</&2$*)#<)*-'*&8&/&$1)+'3)$+*$-)+'3)$-=E-,+=-'$)+'3)*%#0/3)-,,)#')$%-)*&3-)#<)$%-)<,--C%--/&'() +'3) /&8-,+$&'(4) P) $,0/1) E/0,+/&*$&2) +'3) <,--) *#2&-$1) E-,=&$*) $%-)=+'&<-*$+$&#')#<)3&<<-,-'2-4)

)I SEE MUCH)#<)$%-)E,&.+21)+'K&-$1)+*)+)%033/&'()$#C+,3*)+')&//0*&#'+,1)2#'2-E$)#<)!'#,=+/5)6)+)*%+=-<0/)*0EE,-**&#')#<)3&<<-,-'2-F)$%-)<-+,)#<)E,-*-'$&'()$%-)-=#$&#'+/)*-/<) $#) &'*E-2$&#') #<) #$%-,*F) <-+,) #<) 8-&'() *--') +*) 0'3&('&<&-3) #,) *%#C') &') +')!0'</+$$-,&'(5)C+14))

R&.&/) /&8-,$1) #,(+'&*+$&#'*) +'3) 2&$&D-'*) *%#0/3) -'2#0,+(-) +') #E-') +'3) 2+'3&3)*#2&-$1)+*)+)C+1)#<),-302&'()$%-)E#$-'21)#<)(#.-,'=-'$*)+'3)=#,+/&*$&2)=-3&+)+'3).&(&/+'$-)E,&=+,1)(,#0E*)$#)&'$&=&3+$-)+'3)2#'$,#/)8-%+.&#0,)$%,#0(%)$%-)$%,-+$)#<)*$&(=+4) _-) C&//) 8-) <,--) C%-') C-) +,-) '#$) +<,+&3) #<) C%+$) '-&(%8#0,*F) <,&-'3*F)C#,J=+$-*F)$%-)=-3&+)#,)$%-)(#.-,'=-'$)J'#C)+8#0$)0*4)

H)*$,-**)$%+$)H)+=)'#$)<#,)2#=E0/*#,1),-.-/+$&#')#<)*-/<F)#<)+),-2J/-**)+8+'3#'=-'$)#<)E,&.+21F) 80$) H) /-+') $#C+,3*) +) (,+30+/) *%-33&'()#<) $%-) (-'$--/F) E-$$1)E,&.+2&-*)3,&.-')81)<+/*-)*%+=-)+'3)<-+,)#<)-KE#*-3)<,+&/$14))

S08/&0*)M-,-'$&0*):>?Xp>VX6>X?)GRBF)8-$$-,)J'#C')&')l'(/&*%)+*)M-,-'2-F)C+*)+)E/+1C,&(%$)#<)$%-)7#=+')7-E08/&24)H)0*-)#'-)#<)%&*)<+=#0*)N0#$+$&#'*)+*)+)(0&3-O)!H)+=)+)%0=+')8-&'()+'3)+//)$%&'(*)C%&2%)2#'2-,')%0=+')8-&'(*)2#'2-,')=-45)"#)#'-)#C'*)$%-),-2#,3)#<)$%-&,)/&<-O)C-)+//)#C')-+2%)#$%-,5*)/&<-)&')*#)<+,)+*)&$)%+*)$#02%-3)0*)6)$%+$)&*F)$%-)/&.-*)#<)$%#*-)C%#)%+.-)8--')&'.#/.-3)C&$%)0*)&')#0,)/&<-4)M%-1)+,-)#0,)/&<-^)C-)+,-)$%-&,)/&<-4)

25 May 2011

Frank Moorhouse’s new novel, Cold Light, will be published in November by Random House. His Griffith REVIEW essay ‘The writer in a time of terror’ won a Victorian Premier’s Literary Award, the PEN-Keneally Prize and a Walkley Award.

84 GriffithREVIEW33

ESSAY

The living subject Warts and all

AJ Brown

‘BUT!"#$%&!'#$!&#!()!*+,)-!+.&!+%%/0!123.! (.! 4554!6("2+3%! 7(,8'! 9,33)3&!:'! ;,#;#-+%! <#,! +! 8(#9,+;2'!*()2! )2(-!

,3-;#.-3!=!(.!*,()(.9>!?3,'!23%;<$%!<#,!%+*'3,-!+.&!2(-)#,(+.-!=!@!*+-!&#$8%'!-$,3!)2(-!*+-!)23!:+A(.9-!#<!+!9,3+)!%(<3!-)#,'B!

C-!-#:3!"#%%3+9$3-!-+(&!+)!)23!)(:3>!2(-!*+-!+!%(<3!-)(%%!$.<#%&(.9B!D$)!3?3.!*()2!-(E! '3+,-! %3<)! )#! ,$.! (.! )23!F(92!G#$,)! #<!C$-),+%(+>! 7(,8'!*+-!C$-),+%(+0-!:#-)!<+:#$-! +.&! "#.),#?3,-(+%! H$&93>! +.&! +! *#,%&I,3.#*.3&! <(9$,3! <#,! 2(-! *#,A! (.!;,#:#)(.9! $.(?3,-+%! 2$:+.! ,(92)->! 8(#3)2("-! +.&! 3<<3")(?3! ;#%("'! ,3-;#.-3-! )#!"2+%%3.93-!-$"2!+-!F@JKC@LMB! @!A.3*!)2+)! -##.3,!#,! %+)3,! -#:3#.3!*+-!9#(.9! )#!*,()3!+!8##A!+8#$)!2(-!%(<3!+.&!"+,33,B!!

N2,33!'3+,-!83<#,3>!+)!+!&(..3,!)#!"3%38,+)3!)23!,3)(,3:3.)!#<!#.3!#<!:'!+"+&3:("!:3.)#,->! @! <(,-)!23+,&!7(,8'! -+'! )2+)! +!.$:83,!#<! H#$,.+%(-)-!*+.)3&! )#!*,()3!2(-!8(#9,+;2'>!8$)!23!&(&.0)! )2(.A! )23! )(:(.9!*+-!,(92)B!D3-(&3->! )#!83!+! ),$3! H$&("(+%!8(#9,+;2'!()!.33&3&!)#!83!*,())3.!8'!+!%+*'3,B!

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

N23,3!*+-!+%-#!+!8(993,!-)#,'!(.!)23!%(<3!+.&!"+,33,!#<!6("2+3%!7(,8'B!F(-!<+:3!2+&! #,(9(.+%%'! 833.! *#.>! (.! )23! RSO5-! +.&! RST5->! +-! #.3! #<! )23! *#,%&0-! :#-)!3<<3")(?3!%39+%!+.&!H$&("(+%!"#::$.("+)#,->!83<#,3!23!83"+:3!+!Q,3+%0!H$&93B!N2(-!(.!()-3%<!*+-!<$%%!#<!;+,+&#E3-B!F#*!"#$%&!+!'#$.9!:+.!*(.!<+:3!+-!+!9,3+)>!-#"(+%%'!(:;#,)+.)!H$&93>!*23.!:#-)!#<!)23!%39+%!+.&!H$&("(+%!;,#<3--(#.!&(&!.#)!-33!2(:!+-!

AJ BROWN: The living subject 85

+!H$&93!+)!+%%/!N23!"#.?3.)(#.-!#<!)23!H$&("(+,'!-;#A3!#<!,3)("3."3!)#!93)!(.?#%?3&!;$8%("%'!(.!-#"(+%!+.&!;#%()("+%!(--$3->!-#!2#*!2+&!7(,8'!:+.+93&!)#!&#!()!#.!-$"2!+!9,+.&!-"+%3/!12+)!&(&!2(-! "3%38,()'!-)+)$-!-+'!+8#$)!*2+)! -#"(3)'!*+.)-! <,#:!!()-!H$&93-/!

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

@!+--$:3&!)23!*+-23&I#$)!,#'+%!;2#)#!*+-!H$-)!+.!+93(.9!;+,)!#<!)23!"#$,)!&3"#,B!D$)! )23!:(&&%3I+93&!7(,8'!<(E3&!:3!*()2!+!"2(%%(.9!-)+,3B! @! %+)3,! %3+,.3&!)2(-!"+:3!<,#:!+!-)3,.>!,#'+%(-)!X%-)3,IM"#)-!9,+.&<+)23,B!F(-!)#.3!%3<)!+8-#%$)3%'!.#!,##:!<#,!&#$8)! #,! "2+%%3.93B! QN23! U$33.>0! 23! -+(&! -%#*%'! +.&! ;#(.)3&%'>! Q(-! +! *#.&3,<$%!*#:+.B0!

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

D$)! )#!+!-)$&3.)>!6("2+3%!7(,8'!-33:3&! %(A3!+!:+.!<,#:!+.#)23,!;%+.3)B!^.%'!%+)3,! &(&! @! ,3+%(-3! ()! *+-! )2(-! ;%+.3)>! 8$)! +.#)23,! 3;#"2B!F3! 3:8#&(3&! +! .3-)! #<!;+,+&#E3-!@! )23.!<#$.&!;3,;%3E(.9!+.&!<+(,%'!$.(.-;(,(.9!=!8$)!+!_$+,)3,I"3.)$,'!%+)3,!"#.-(&3,3&!<+-"(.+)(.9B!

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

86 GriffithREVIEW33

7(,8'0-!,3;%'!)2+)!+.'!8(#9,+;2'!-2#$%&!83!Q*+,)-!+.&!+%%0!*+-!)23!"%(."23,B!F(-!9,3+)3-)! (:;+")! "+:3! <,#:! 83(.9! +! ?#("3! <#,! ),+.-;+,3."'! (.! )23! 8'W+.)(.3! %39+%!;,#<3--(#.B!F(-!9,3+)3-)!#;;#.3.)-!*3,3!)2#-3!*2#!&(&!.#)!)2(.A!)23!93.3,+%!;$8%("!"#$%&!3?3,!;,#;3,%'!$.&3,-)+.&!H$&("(+%!&3"(-(#.I:+A(.9>!+.&!)23,3<#,3!-2#$%&!.#)!83!3&$"+)3&!(.!()B!D$)!*23)23,!2#;3%3--%'!"#.-3,?+)(?3!#,!&+.93,#$-%'!;,#9,3--(?3!`#,>!(.!,3+%()'>!8#)2a>!7(,8'!2+&!+!;$8%("!,3-#.+."3!8$(%)!#.!(&3.)(<'(.9!)23!-#"(+%!+.&!;#%()("+%!;,(."(;%3-!+)!)23!23+,)!#<!(:;#,)+.)!%39+%!_$3-)(#.-B!F(-!"+,33,!*+-!8$(%)!#.!2(-!)+%3.)!<#,!%+'(.9!8+,3!)23!(..3,!*#,%&-!#<!%+*'3,->!H$&93-!+.&!%39(-%+)#,-B!@!-:(%3&!*23.!)23!"##$#%&!'()*+,-.,%0-!,3?(3*!#<!/.01,#-!2.+345!6,+,&78#)!9!6+.%0.:-#)!*+-!)()%3&!QC!%(<3!%+(&!8+,30B!@)!*+-!)23!#.%'!*+'!+!8(#9,+;2'!#<!7(,8'!"#$%&!83!-3.-(8%'!+;;,#+"23&B!

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b#2+.!?+.!J%#)3.B!

^.! )23! #)23,! 2+.&>! .#! #.3! 2+&! :+&3! -#! :+.'! ;$8%("! "#::():3.)-! )#! )23!(:;#,)+."3!#<!2$:+.()'!+.&!),+.-;+,3."'!+-!3%3:3.)-!#<!H$&("(+%!%(<3B!c,#:!2(-!,##)-!(.!:(&I*3-)3,.!M'&.3'!+.&!c#,)!M),33)!F(92!M"2##%>!(.),("+)3%'!(.)3,*#?3.!*()2!2(-!#*.! 8,+.&! #<! 3%()(-:>! "+:3! +! %(83,+%! 39+%()+,(+.(-:! )2+)! -+(&! 3?3,'! "()(W3.>! )23!%#*%(3,!)23!83))3,>!2+&!)23!,(92)!)#!_$3-)(#.!+8-#%$)3%'!+.')2(.9B!c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

V?3.!*23.!.#)!8#$.&!8'!3E;,3--!#,!(:;%(3&!"#.&()(#.-!<#,!"#I#;3,+)(#.>!H$&("(+%!8(#9,+;23,-!<+"3!+!-;3"(+%!;,#8%3:B!C-!V&*+,&!12()3!#<!)23!J(,9(.(+!P+*!M"2##%!*,#)3!(.!455d>!)23,3!(-!+%*+'-!)23!<3+,!)2+)!)23!8(#9,+;23,!:+'!Q(<!.#)!-+.()(-3!)23!


-$8H3")>! +)! %3+-)! .#)! %(.93,! #?3,! ;3,-#.+%! (--$3-! )2+)! :(92)! 83! )2#$92)! )#! 83!(."#.-(-)3.)!*()2!)23!(:+93!#<eH$&93-!+-!<(9$,3-!#<!(.)39,()'>!;,#8()'>!+.&!+!"3,)+(.!23,#("!+$-)3,()'0B!L(-"$--(.9!"2+%%3.93-!;#-3&!8'!+!.3?3,I"#:;%3)3&!8(#9,+;2'!#<!)23!<+:#$-!C:3,("+.!H$&93!^%(?3,!13.&3%%!F#%:3->!b,>!12()3!*,#)3\!QD$)!*2#!(-!)#!-+'!)2+)!)23!+--3--:3.)!#<!F#%:3-0-!%(<3!+.&!"+,33,!*#$%&!83!+&?3,-3%'!+<<3")3&!8'!A.#*(.9!)2+)!23!*+->!<#,!+!)(:3>!(.!%#?3!*()2!+!*#:+.!#)23,!)2+.!2(-!*(<3/!C.&!*2#!(-!)#!-+'!)2+)!+!H$&93!+.&!2(-!"%#-3!<#%%#*3,-!-2#$%&!-33A!)#!"#.),#%!)23!;#,),+()!#<!)23!H$&93!#<<3,3&!)#!;#-)3,()'/0!

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

Z+,)!#<!)23!-)#,'0-!;#*3,!*#$%&!83!(.!)3%%(.9!()!+-!-##.!+-!;#--(8%3!+<)3,!23!,3)(,3&!<,#:!)23!F(92!G#$,)>!*23.!.#!+")$+%!%()(9+)(#.!"#$%&!83!+<<3")3&!8$)!;3#;%3!-)(%%!2+&!+!%(?3!:3:#,'!#<!)23!3?3.)-!+.&!(.)3,3-)! (.!)23-3!_$3-)(#.-B!C<)3,!+%%>!*2+)!&7#)!+!:#&3,.!-#"(3)'!*+.)!+.&!3E;3")!<,#:!()-!-3.(#,!H$&93-/!F#*!*3%%!(-!()!&3+%(.9!*()2!"#."3;)(#.-!#<!()-!#*.!(&3.)()'!+.&!"2+%%3.93-!#<!"2+.93/!

D$)!)2(-!:3+.)!)23!"%#"A!*+-!)("A(.9B!N23,3!*+-!+.!+8-$,&!+:#$.)!#<!:+)3,(+%!(.!7(,8'0-! +,"2(?3-B!C.&! +.! (:;#--(8%3! ,+.93! #<! )#;("-! +.&!.$:83,! #<! ;3#;%3!*2#!),+?3,-3&!2(-!:$%)(;%3!;,#<3--(#.+%!%(?3-B!F#*!)#!*,()3!(.!-(E!#,!-3?3.!'3+,-!)23!)';3!#<!8##A!)2+)!),+&()(#.+%%'!)##A!8(#9,+;23,-!)2,33!&3"+&3-!)#!"#:;%3)3>!%#.9!+<)3,!)23!-$8H3")!&(3&/!C.&!&#!-#!*()2!)23!-)#,'!-)(%%!$.<#%&(.9!3?3,'!&+'/!

C;+,)!<,#:!)(:3!+.&!,3-#$,"3->!)23!+.-*3,!%+'!(.!:+A(.9!)23!:#-)!#<!7(,8'0-!"#I#;3,+)(#.>!*2(%3!,3)+(.(.9!3.#$92!&3)+"2:3.)!)#!&#!+!;,#;3,!H#8B!C!"2+%%3.93B!D$)!"#I#;3,+)(#.!(-!?()+%B!1()2#$)!()>!'#$!"+.!;,#&$"3!+!-3,(#$-!%(<3!,3?(3*!#,!",()(_$3!=!-$"2!+-!G2,(-!6+-)3,-0!;7%#)*7<%!`C%%3.!f!X.*(.>!455Oa>!+8#$)!C%+.!b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

88 GriffithREVIEW33

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

M$,3! 3.#$92>! ()! )$,.3&!#$)! )2+)!6("2+3%!7(,8'>! +-!2$:+.!+-! +.'#.3! 3%-3>!2+&!+(,8,$-23&!2(-!#*.!;+-)B!X-$+%%'!(.!(..#"3.)!*+'-B!C!,3"#%%3")(#.!#<!+!A3'!:#:3.)!#<!,3<%3")(#.!$.&3,!+!",'-)+%!-)+,,'!-A'>!*2(%3!"+:;(.9!83-(&3!)23!D%+"A!M3+!(.!RSO5>!+-!)#%&!(.!#.3!%+)3,!-;33"2>!"#$%&!.#)!2+?3!2+;;3.3&!)2+)!*+'!=!(.!<+")>!()!2+&!833.!-)#,:'! +.&! ,+(.(.9B! M#:3)(:3-! (.! %3--! (..#"3.)! *+'->! *2("2! ;,("A3&! :'! #*.!3E;3,(3."3B!D3%(3?3!-#:3!-;33"23->!*#,&!<#,!*#,&>!+.&!'#$!:(92)!)2(.A!)2+)!7(,8'!2+&! Q;+,)("(;+)3&0! &(,3")%'! (.! )23! %(83,+)(#.! #<>! #,! 3?3.! ;3,-#.+%%'! Q%(83,+)3&0>! )23!1+%93))!"(.3:+!<,#:!+;+,)23(&I-)'%3!&(-",(:(.+)(#.>!&$,(.9!)23!Y3*!M#$)2!1+%3-!c,33&#:!g(&3-!#<!RShi=hjB!D$)!$.%(A3!G2+,%3-!Z3,A(.-!#,!b(:!M;(93%:+.>!)23!'#$.9!6("2+3%! 7(,8'>! (.! 2(-! &#$8%3I8,3+-)3&! -$()->! &(&! .#)! +")$+%%'! $.&3,)+A3! Q&(,3")!+")(#.0>! +))3.&!;#%()("+%! ;,#)3-)->! <%#$)! )##!:+.'! %+*-! #,! 93)! 2(:-3%<! +,,3-)3&B!F3!;,#?(&3&! %39+%! ,3;,3-3.)+)(#.! <#,! )2#-3! *2#! &(&! =! +<)3,! )23! 3?3.)B! @)! *+-! +.!(:;#,)+.)!,#%3>!.#)!)#!83!83%())%3&>!8$)!.#)!)23!,#%3!-#:3!%+)3,!-;33"23-!(:;%(3&B!

F3,3!*+-!+!-%(?3,!#<!)23!7(,8'!;+,+&#E!=!2+;;'!)#!;,3-3.)!2(:-3%<>!(.!2(.&-(92)>!+-!+!%())%3!8()!:#,3!&+,(.9!+.&!,+&("+%!)2+.!23!+")$+%%'!*+-B!N2(-!(-!-;%())(.9!2+(,->!7(,8'!&3<3.&3,-!:(92)!-+'B!P3)!)23:!-+'!()B!7(,8'!(-!+!%(?(.9!-$8H3")>!-#!23!"+.!+%-#!&3<3.&!2(:-3%<>!3?3.!)2#$92!)23!8##A!(-! <#,!;#-)3,()'>!+.&!:$-)!83!8+%+."3&!+.&!-"2#%+,%'B!

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

!


WHEN THE PROJECT!-)+,)3&!@!&(&!.#)!"#.)3:;%+)3!-2#*(.9!7(,8'!)23!)3E)!83<#,3!)23!8##A!*+-!;$8%(-23&B!Y#,!&(&!23!3?3,!-$993-)!()B!D$)!)23.!"+:3!+!;(3"3!#<!+&?("3!<,#:!+!9,3+)!-"2#%+,!+.&!"#%%3+9$3>!Z+),("A!13%%3,\!QM2#*!2(:!&,+<)-e&#.0)!;,#:(-3!+.')2(.9>!8$)!()0-!)23!<+-)3-)!*+'!)#!"23"A!<+")->!93)!+!,3+")(#.!+.&!"$)!)#!)23!"2+-3B0!C!;,#;3,! H#$,.+%(-)0-! (.-)(.")>!:+,,(3&! )#! )23!6+,E(+.!&(+%3")("\!&#.0)!83+)!+,#$.&! )23!8$-2B!@<!'#$!+,3!"#.<(&3.)!+.&!*+.)!)#!83!",()("+%>!2#*!83))3,!)#!)3-)!+.&!-2#,3!$;!'#$,!;#-()(#.!)2+.!8'!3E;#-(.9!()!)#!)23!;3,-#.!:#-)!%(A3%'!)#!,3+")!+9+(.-)!()/!

D$)!(<!23!&(&.0)!%(A3!()>!*#$%&!23!A33;!"#I#;3,+)(.9/!N2(-!*+-!6("2+3%!7(,8'>!+!:+.!,(92)%'!,3.#*.3&!<#,!2(-!93.3,#-()'>!-#!)23!+.-*3,!*+-!;,#8+8%'!'3-B!D$)!3?3.!7(,8'! (-! 2$:+.B!C)! )23! ?3,'! %3+-)>! )23,3!*3,3! 3%3:3.)-! #<! <+:(%'! 2(-)#,'!*2#-3!+""$,+"'!#.%'!23!+.&!#)23,!<+:(%'!:3:83,-!"#$%&!;,#;3,%'!"23"AB!M#!@!&3"(&3&!)#!-)+,)!*()2! )2#-3! -3")(#.->! +! <3*!:#.)2-! +<)3,! 23! ,3)(,3&! <,#:! )23! F(92! G#$,)! (.!c38,$+,'!455SB!!

F3!;,#:(-3&!#.%'!<+")$+%!"#,,3")(#.-k!8$)!@!.3?3,!&3%$&3&!:'-3%<!)2+)!)2(-!*+-!+%%!@!*#$%&!93)B!C-!)23!8##A!&3?3%#;3&>!+""#:;+.(3&!8'!"#,,3")(#.-!+.&!_$3,(3->!)23!*,()(.9!)##A!#.!3%3:3.)-!#<!+!&(+%#9$3B!@!,3?3+%3&!)23!<(,-)>!)##I%#.9!&,+<)-!"2+;)3,!8'!"2+;)3,B!Z,+")("+%()(3-!&(")+)3&!)2(-!*+-!)23!*+'!)#!&#!()>!8$)!(.!#)23,!;,#H3")-!()!*#$%&!;,#8+8%'!+%-#!83!*(-3B!C<)3,!+%%>!+!-$8H3")0-!)##I.39+)(?3!,3+")(#.!(-!.#)!%(A3%'!)#!:+A3!)23!+$)2#,!?7+#!93.3,#$-!(.!-$8-3_$3.)!"2+;)3,-B!6("2+3%!83"+:3!A33.!)#!,3"3(?3!3+"2!.3E)!(.-)+%:3.)>!Q-#!@!"+.!-33!*2+)!83"+:3!#<!:30B!

N2$-! "+:3! jS4! -$993-)(#.-! <#,! "#,,3")(#.-! #,! "2+.93-B!6#-)!*3,3!:(.#,! +.&!<+")$+%B!c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

D$)! )2(,)33.! #<! )23! j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

90 GriffithREVIEW33

!

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

!WHAT WOULD OTHERS!&3"(&3/!C-!)23!8##A!:+&3!()-!*+'!(.)#!)23!*#,%&>!(.!3+,%'!45RR>!3,,#.3#$-!+--$:;)(#.-! )2+)! )2(-!*+-!6("2+3%!7(,8'0-! -)#,'>!+!:3:#(,!+.&!.#)!+!8(#9,+;2'!+)!+%%>!83"+:3!:'!9,3+)3-)!<3+,B!M#:3!8##A-2#;-!;,3-3.)3&!()!)2(-!*+'>!9,+-;(.9!)23!%(?(.9!-$8H3")0-!<+:3!+-!:#-)!(:;#,)+.)!)#!-3%%(.9!8##A-B!Q^2>!()0-!)23!"#I+$)2#,>0!#.3!+&:(,3,!9,33)3&!:3!(..#"3.)%'B!@!-*+%%#*3&!<$,'!+.&!;,(&3!83<#,3!3E;%+(.(.9!)23!),$)2!=!*2("2!;3,-$+&3&!23,!)#!8$'!)23!8##AB!

@! "#$%&! %(?3! *()2! )2(->! ;,#?(&3&! )23! 8##A! -)(%%! 2+&! ()-! (.)3.&3&! 3<<3")B! g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

N23!+&?+.)+93!#<!)2(-!%(?(.9!-$8H3")!=!+%:#-)!%+,93,!)2+.!%(<3!=!*+-!)#!;,#&$"3!+!8(#9,+;2'!)2+)!*+-!.#)!-(:;%'!2(-)#,("+%>!)#!9(?3!:3+.(.9!)#!&+'-!9#.3!8'>!8$)!)#!&3:#.-),+)3!)2+)!2(-)#,'!(-!+%(?3!.#*>!)2+)!*3!+,3!+%%!:+A(.9!()!.#*>!+.&!)#!$-3!)23!"$,,3."'!#<!()-!)23:3-!)#!23%;!#)23,-!,3<%3")!+.&!<(.&!)23(,!#*.!%#.93,I)3,:!?(3*!#<!*2+)!(-!2+;;3.(.9!.#*>!+-!*3!-),$99%3!)#!+"2(3?3!#$,!#<)I-)+)3&!+(:!#<!83"#:(.9!+!:#,3!&3:#",+)("!+.&!:#,3!+""#$.)+8%3>!#;3.!+.&!)#%3,+.)>!<+(,3,!-#"(3)'B!

b#2.!g()"2(3>!+!<#,:3,!93.3,+%!3&()#,!#<!)23!'()*+,-.,%[email protected]*.7%,+4!7>!A.7B+,:14>!#."3!&3-",(83&!)23!8(#9,+;23,!+-!Q%(A3!+.!+,"2+3#%#9(-)>!(.<3,,(.9!<,#:!<,+9:3.)-BBB!N2+)!-2#$%&!.#)!&3)3,!$-B!L#.0)!-3+,"2!<#,![,+.&!N23#,(3-!#<!F$:+.!D32+?(#$,B![3)!#.!*()2! )3%%(.9! )23!-)#,'B!Z,+")(-3!8(#9,+;2'!,+)23,! )2+.!;,3+"2(.9!#,!;2(%#-#;2(-(.9!+8#$)!()B!D'!,3-#%$)3!+.&!&#993&!-)3;-!+*+,3.3--!"+.!83!*#.B0!

D$)!)23!8(#9,+;23,!#<!)23!%(?(.9!-$8H3")!+%-#!2+-!-;3"(+%!+&?+.)+93-\!23!(-!.#)!H$-)!+.!+,"2+3#%#9(-)>!8$)!+.!+.)2,#;#%#9(-)>!+! -#"(#%#9(-)>!+!;#%()("+%! -"(3.)(-)!+.&>! H$-)!%(A3! -#:3! H$&93-! )23:-3%?3->! +.! +")(?(-)B! 12(%3! &3;%#'(.9! +%%! )23! 83-)! -"2#%+,%'!:3)2#&->!23!"+.!*#,A!*()2!:#,3!)2+.!<,+9:3.)->!+.&!;,3-3.)!+!%(<3!-)#,'!)2+)!(-!8#)2!!


;+-)!+.&!;,3-3.)>!)#!"#%%(&3!*()2!)23!-#"(3)'!+,#$.&!()B!C!-3,?+.)!#<!2(-)#,'!+.&!)23!,3+&3,>!8$)!+%-#!+.!+,"2()3")B!@<!23!"2##-3-!)#!-33!()>!23!(-!2(-!#*.!*+,,(#,!#<!(&3+->!&3?(-(.9!*2("2!;(3"3-!#<!-2,+;.3%!:(92)!8#$."3!#<<!)23!-)#,'!(.)#!"$,,3.)!+.&!<$)$,3!&38+)3->! )23! ;#(.)! -#:3)(:3-! :+&3! #8?(#$-! )2,#$92! )23! 3'3-! #<! )23! "2+,+")3,->!-#:3)(:3-!(.!+%:#-)!$.&3)3")+8%3!-%(?3,-B!

c#,)$.+)3%'>! )23! ,3-$%)!*#,A3&>!#,!+)! %3+-)! -#! ()! +;;3+,-B!V?3.!+-!7(,8'!23%;3&!%+$."2!)23!8##A>!(.!)*#!&(<<3,3.)!"()(3->!8#)2!#<<("(+%!%+$."23,-!=!6+%"#%:!N$,.8$%%!+.&!6("2+3%!P+?+,"2!=!-33:3&!93.$(.3%'!(.),(9$3&!+8#$)!2#*!@!9#)!+*+'!*()2!()B!@.!)23! C,%3#++,! D.?#)! +! %#.9I)3,:!*+)"23,! #<! ;#%()("-! +.&! )23! %+*>! b+"A!1+)3,<#,&>!"#::3.)3&! #.! )23! $.$-$+%! -(92)! #<! +! %(?(.9! -$8H3")! (.&$%9(.9! &33;%'! (.! )23!;,#:#)(#.!#<!+!8(#9,+;2'!#?3,!*2("2!23!2+&!.#!"#.),#%\!Q7(,8'!H#(.3&!)23!;$8%("()'!,#+&-2#*e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

D$)!<#,!)23!-)#,'!)#!+"2(3?3!+.'!#<!()-!+(:->!()!+8#?3!+%%!2+&!)#!,3?3+%!+!+#,-!%(<3B!@!*+()3&!<#,!)23!:+9("!*#,&->!+.&!)23.!)23'!"+:3\!g("2+,&!C"A%+.&>!(.!)23!E4&%#4!/7+%.%B! F#+,-&>! &3-",(83&! )23! 8(#9,+;2'! 93.3,#$-%'>! +.&! <(.+%%'>! +.&! :#,3!(:;#,)+.)%'>!+-!Q*+,)-!+.&!+%%0B!

AJ Brown is John F Kearney Professor of Public Law at Griffith University. His most recent book is Michael Kirby: Paradoxes & Principles (Federation Press, 2011), but he also works on other more cost-effective projects. His previous Griffith REVIEW articles are ‘When the whistle is blown’ and ‘The states we’re in’.

92 GriffithREVIEW33

POEM

Heart’s dream Sandra Goldbloom Zurbo

!"#$%&'('")#$%*+*%+)%,((-&%),%.'%)/0)%1/'%.+2/)%/03'%*&'0.)%0%*+44'&'")%#+4'5%0%(&'0)+3+)$%",)%6,-"*%6$%0##%)/'%.0))'&%,4%7,.'"81%*,.'1)+(+)$9%:,%;%01<'*%/'&9%=/'%04)'&",,"%701%1-""$%>%.0)(/+"2%/'&%*+1?,1+)+,"9%!3'&%(,44''%+"%)/'%(/+(%(04@%;%10$%AB0.05%7/0)%701%$,-&%/'0&)81%*&'0.C8%:/'%6#+"<1%>%,"('%>%?'&/0?1%),%2+3'%/'&1'#4%)+.'%),%)/+"<%)/'"%6-")1%)/'%D-'1)+,"%60(<%),%.'%)/'%D-'1)+,"%.0&<%0%2&0??#+"2%/,,<%0)%)/'%'"*%,4%0%1'")'"('9%

E%?+0"+1)5%+1%)/'%&'?#$%;%'F?'()9%B$%.+"*81%'0&%)-"'*%),%(/+#*/,,*5%;%/'0&%G/,?+"%:(/-6'&)%B,H0&)%I'&1/7+"9%J,%.'0"%)0#'")5%1/'9%AJ,)/+"258%1/'%&'?#+'15%A",)%&'0##$98%;%1#-.?%+"%*+10??,+").'")%-")+#5%/03+"2%(,.?#')'*%)/'%)01<%,4%6&-1/+"2%+.02+"0&$%(&-.61%4&,.%/'&%0.?#'%6,1,.5%1/'%0**1K%ALF('?)%0%1+"2'&9%J,)%,?'&09%M,-%<",75%0%1+"2'&98%

G0&''"+"2%N+2107O?-HH#'%?+'('1%,4%.'.,&$%#,(<%),2')/'&5%4&02.'")1%0&'%.0*'%7/,#'9%AP0HH85%;%'F(#0+.5%0"*%1/'%1.+#'19%AM'19%L##0%Q+)H2'&0#*98%A!"#$%)/0)58%1/'%10$19%AJ,)/+"2%&'0##$98%

P-1)%0%*&'0.9%

%

Sandra Goldbloom Zurbo is a Melbourne author, freelance editor and proofreader. Her novel, The Book of Rachel, was published by Allen & Unwin in 1998; her short stories have been published in various literary magazines.

SANDRA GOLDBLOOM ZURBO: Heart’s dream 93

MEMOIR

The cigar box Opening the treasure trove of memory

Marion Halligan

CIGAR! "#$%&! '(%! %)%*'+,! '+-!.(%,,/)0!1'-%! &1'))! #"2%3,&4!1#(%! 3#11#+!#+3%!,5'+!,5%0!'(%!+#67!85%0!'(%!1'-%!#9!,5/+!&)/3%&!#9!6##-4!'+-!,5%/(!)'"%)&!1'0!&5#6!'! 3%(,'/+! (#&%! '+-! */),! "'(#:;%! &.)%+-#;(7! 85%0! 5'<%! '! -%)/3/#;&! &3%+,! ,5',! 5'&!+#,5/+*! ,#!-#!6/,5! 3/*'(%,,%&! '+-! ,5%! &1#=/+*! ,5%(%#97!>5%+!#+%!-'0! ?! 9#;+-!'!3/*'(! "#$! ,;3=%-! /+! ,5%! "##=3'&%4! ?! ,5#;*5,! /,! 6'&! 2;&,! ,5%! ,5/+*! ,#! =%%.! &1'))!,(%'&;(%&!/+7!>5%+!?!)##=%-!/+!/,4!?!-/&3#<%(%-!,5',!&#1%#+%!%)&%!5'-!5'-!,5%!&'1%!,5#;*5,@!/,!6'&!')(%'-0!9;))!#9!&1'))!,(%'&;(%&7!

85%0! '(%! 10! 1#,5%(A&4! '+-! ,#*%,5%(! ,5%0! '(%! ,5%! "#+%&4! /+3#1.)%,%! '+-!-/&#(-%(%-4!#9!'!+'((',/<%7!B&!,5#;*5!'!&=%)%,#+!5'&!"%%+!-/&,;("%-!"0!&1'))!#(!)'(*%!.(%-',#(&4!'+-!"/,&!&3',,%(%-!#(!%<%+!&,#)%+7!85%0!+%%-!,#!"%!(%3#1.#&%-7!B!)#,!#9!,5%1!'(%!&1'))!3)/../+*&!9(#1!+%6&.'.%(&4!,5/+!'+-!9('/)!+#64!";,!&,/))!3)%'(7!C(#1!,5%!!"#$%&'(")*+,-.-/)0",%(1)%-1)*.-",&2)314+$%'"4!'&! /,!6'&!,5%+4!'!-/&,/+*;/&5%-!"(#'-&5%%,! ,5',! ,5%! )#3')&! (%'-! )/=%! '! +#<%)! #9! ,5%/(! -'/)0!-#/+*&D! #(! ,5%! %<%+/+*!,'")#/-!56-4!65/35!&%%1%-!,#!"%!1#&,)0!('3/+*!'+-!&.#(,4!'+-!6'&!(%'-!"0!.%#.)%!#+!,5%!";&!'9,%(!6#(=7!!

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

?!#9,%+!6#+-%(%-!'"#;,!B;+,0!I/+A&!2#"7!E5%!6'&+A,!'!+'++04!#(!'!1'/-&%(<'+,4!'+-!&5%!6'&!<%(0!&5'(.!'"#;,!,5%!,5/+*&!&5%!-/-+A,!-#D!.%(5'.&!&5%!.#;(%-!,5%!,%'4!35'+*%-! ,5%! )/"('(0! "##=&4! .#&&/")0! '! )/,,)%! )/*5,! -;&,/+*7! ?! &;..#&%! &5%! 9%,35%-!

94 GriffithREVIEW33

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

B;+,0!F#;!+%<%(!1'((/%-!%/,5%(D! ?!')6'0&!&;..#&%-!,5',! /,!6'&!"%3';&%!#9!,5%!K(%',!>'(!L!,5',!5%(!9/'+3Q4!65%,5%(!#(!+#,!&5%!5'-!0%,!1%,!5/14!6'&!=/))%-!"0!/,7!E5%!6'&!,5%!(/*5,!'*%7!?!5'<%!6(/,,%+!&,#(/%&!'"#;,!,5/&4!9/3,/#+&4!&/+3%!?!-#+A,!=+#6!'+0!9'3,&7!?!3'+A,!,5/+=!+#6!650!?!-/-!+#,!'&=!10!1#,5%(!,5%&%!,5/+*&4!65/)%!?!3#;)-7!

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

85/&!&#3/')!.'*%&!&,;99!/&!'!&#(,!#9!+%6&7!T#;!-#+A,!.'0!9#(!/,4!65%(%'&!,5%!-%',5!+#,/3%&!0#;!-#7!G+*'*%1%+,&!1'0!"%!*#&&/.!'+-!&#!9(%%4!#(!0#;!1/*5,!.'07!

I0!9',5%(A&!-%',5!*%,&!%)%<%+!+#,/3%&@!,5%!9'1/)0!'++#;+3%1%+,!#9!5/&!-%',54!'+-!#9!,5%!9;+%(')D!'))!,5%!(%&,!'(%!(%:;%&,&!9(#1!5/&!)#-*%&!9#(!,5%/(!"(%,5(%+!,#!',,%+-7!85%0!'(%!5%)-!,#*%,5%(!6/,5!'!./+4!6#(+!";,!+#,!(;&,07!

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

MARION HALLIGAN: The cigar box 95

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

B+#,5%(4!#9!,5%!0%'(!"%9#(%4!/&!'--(%&&%-@!!I0!-%'(!F/,,)%!I/))04!E#!0#;!-/-!+#,!9#(*%,!1%!65/)%!?!6'&!'6'07!T#;!'(%!'!<%(0!=/+-!)/,,)%!*/()!,#!&%+-!1%!,5',!.(%,,0!.#&,!3'(-7!?!6#+-%(!/9!0#;!6/))!,5/+=!,5/&!)%,,%(!"%,,%(!,5'+!'!.#&,!3'(-7!!

85',!&%%1&!:;/,%!'!5/+,!,#!1%7!I/&&!J'1%(#+!*#%&!#+!'!"/,!'+-!%+-&!;.!&%+-/+*!5%(!'!=/&&!^_`!'+-!&'0/+*!*##-"0%7!

85%!,5/(-!)%,,%(!/&!9(#1!B;*;&,![\[]7!I/&&!J'1%(#+!/&!&#((0!,5',!I/))0!5'&!"%%+!&/3=4! '+-! 5#.%&! &5%!6/))! )/=%! ,#! (%'-! ,5%! 3#.0! #9! 5("">.-/) ?"%6'@! &5%! /&! &%+-/+*4!%&.%3/'))0!,5%!./3,;(%&7!U%'()0!'))!,5%!&/3=!35/)-(%+!'(%!"'3=!'*'/+7!

!>/))!0#;!*/<%!10!)#<%!,#!0#;(!1#,5%(!'+-!,%))!5%(!?A))!"%!*)'-!65%+!&5%!1'=%&!0#;!"%,,%(7!>%!'))!&%+-!0#;!'!=/&&7!T#;(!)#</+*!,%'35%(!I7!J'1%(#+7!!!

?!,5/+=!)/,,)%!I/))0!6#;)-!5'<%!"%%+!,5(/))%-!6/,5!,5/&!)%,,%(7!>/,5!"#,5!5%(!)%,,%(&7!?!6#+-%(!65%+!&5%!6#;)-!5'<%!&%%+!,5%!.('/&%!)%,,%(7!85%0!'(%!'!"/,!9(#1!#+!5/*5!";,!<%(0!&6%%,7!C#(1')4!'+-!0%,!)#</+*7!?!3'+A,!/1'*/+%!'!,%'35%(!,5%&%!-'0&!6(/,/+*!)/=%!,5/&7!B+-!5%(%!,5%0!'(%4!9#$%-!'+-!9'-%-4!+%'()0!'!5;+-(%-!0%'(&!#+4!=%.,!&'9%)0!/+!,5%!3/*'(!"#$7!>5/)%!,5%!.%#.)%!65#!6(#,%!,5%1!'+-!(%'-!,5%1!'(%!)#+*!'*#!'&5%&4!#(!-;&,7!

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

96 GriffithREVIEW33

6%4!9/(&,!I/))0A&!-';*5,%(&4!,5/+=!/&!6#+-%(9;)7!G&.%3/'))0!'&!+%6!I/))/%A&!1#,5%(!/+!Z;")/+!35#&%!,5%!+'1%!6/,5#;,!(%')/&/+*!/,&!.(#<%+'+3%7!E5%!&'/-!,#!5%(!5;&"'+-@!>5',!-#!0#;!,5/+=!#9!I/))/%a!B+-!5%!&'/-@!K(%',D!,5',A&!10!*('++0A&!+'1%7!85%(%!'(%! ,6%+,0!0%'(&!"%,6%%+! ,5%! 35/)-A&! "/(,5! '+-! ,5%!*('++0A&!-%',54! ";,!6%!-#+A,!9#(*%,!5%(7!E#1%,/1%&!10!&/&,%(&!'+-!?!,')=!'"#;,!I/))04!65/35!/&!65',!6%!3'))%-!#;(!1#,5%(!/+!)',%(!0%'(&4!+#,!(%')/&/+*!/,!1/*5,!+#,!"%!3)%'(!65/35!#+%!6%!1%'+7!

!THERE ARE NO!.5#,#*('.5&!/+!,5/&!3/*'(!"#$4!";,!?!5'<%!&#1%7!O+3%!?!9#;+-!,5',!10!1#,5%(!5'-!3;,!#99!'!65#)%!3#))%3,/#+!#9!./3,;(%&!',!"#&#1!)%<%)7!>50!-/-!0#;!-#!,5',a!?!&5(/%=%-7!?!)##=%-!)/=%!,5%!&/-%!#9!'!5#;&%4!&5%!&'/-7!85/&!/&!+#,!,(;%7!?!=+#6!"%3';&%!&5%!1/&&%-!&#1%7!E5%! /&!6%'(/+*!'! 9/)10!-(%&&4!6/,5! )'3%!(;99)%&4! &,('/*5,![\bc&d&,0)%4!,5%!=/+-!,5',!+%%-%-!0#;!,#!"/+-!0#;(!"(%'&,&!/+!'!"'+-'*%!,#!=%%.!,5%!)/+%7!E5%!-#%&!+#,! )##=!&#!,5/+!'+-!&5'.%)0!'&! /+!.5#,#&! 9(#1!,5%![\]c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

?+!&#1%!.5#,#&!,5%(%!/&!'!1'+!6%!3'))%-!Y+3)%!e/34!65#!6'&!3#;(,/+*!10!9',5%(A&!&/&,%(!e/#)%,D!&5%!-/-+A,!1'((0!5/14!";,!/+&,%'-!'!&1##,5d,#+*;%-!?(/&51'+4!8#14!65#!&.%+,!5/&!)/9%!&5;,!;.!/+!'!(##1!6(/,/+*!"'-!.#%,(04!)#+*!0'6./+*!<%(&%!9#(1&!)/=%!>'),!>5/,1'+!*#+%!6(#+*7!P%!6'&!'!=%%+!3#11;+/&,7!P%!6#(=%-!'&!'!&5;+,%(!/+!,5%!('/)6'0&7!I0!9',5%(!,5#;*5,!1'((0/+*!,5/&!1'+!6'&!'!,%((/")0!"'-!/-%'4!'+-!.#&&/")0!/,!6'&7!?!-#+A,!=+#6!,5',!e/#)%,4!65#!6'&!3'))%-!X;%%+/%4!,5#;*5,!&#4!";,!,5%+! /,!6#;)-+A,! 5'<%!"%%+! /+!5%(! /+,%(%&,&7!I0! 9',5%(!5'-! ,#!*/<%!#+%!#9!8#1A&!-';*5,%(&!'6'0!',!5%(!6%--/+*D!5%(! 9',5%(!6#;)-+A,!*#7!P%!5'-!'!5'"/,!#9! )0/+*!'"#;,! /+! 5/&! "'3=! *'(-%+! /+! "'**0! &5#(,&4! ,'++/+*! 5/&! )%'+! '+-!1;&3;)'(! "#-07!>5%+! ?! .;,! 5/1! /+! '! +#<%)! #+3%! ?! 1'-%! 5/1! <%(0! &%$07! 85%! (%')! #+%4! 5%! 6'&!35'(1/+*4! '+-! 5'+-&#1%4! 6/,5! '! 6/3=%-! ?(/&5! &+%%(/+*! &1/)%! '+-! &)0! %0%&7! P%!.)'0%-! '! =/))%(! *'1%! #9! E3('"")%! 9;))! #9!1'-! %(;-/,%!6#(-&4! '+-! 5'-! '! 5'"/,! #9!,;(+/+*!,('0&!#9!9##-!;.&/-%!-#6+7!85%!6#1%+!#9!,5%!9'1/)0!"(#;*5,!5/1!1%')&!,#!,5%!(##1!65%(%!5%!&5;,!5/1&%)9!,#!6(/,%!5/&!"'-!.#%,(04!'+-!65%+!5%!-/-+A,!)/=%!,5%!)##=!#9!,5%1!5%!,/..%-!,5%!,('0&!#<%(7!

e/3!6'&! (#1'+,/34! 5%! ;&%-! ,#! */<%!e/#)%,! "##=&! #9! #,5%(! .%#.)%A&! .#%1&4! (%')!#+%&7!P%!1'((/%-!'!.)%'&'+,)0!.)'/+!6#1'+!3'))%-!I#))0!C(#*)%04!+#!"%';,0! )/=%!e/#)%,!/+!#)-!.5#,#*('.5&7!85%(%!/&!#+%!#9!*('+-1'4!10!9',5%(!'+-!5/&!,5(%%!&/&,%(&!&/,,/+*! /+! '! &3(;990! *'(-%+!6/,5! '! )/,,)%! 9#$0!-#*7!O+%! &/&,%(! /&! <%(0! .)'/+D! #+%! /&!5'+-&#1%D!,5%!,5/(-4!e/#)%,4!,5%!0#;+*%&,4!/&!"%';,/9;)7!K('+-1'!)##=&!,5%!6'0!?!9%'(!?!)##=!+#67!85%0!'(%!'))!<%(0!')/=%7!


O+3%!65%+!?!6'&!6')=/+*!5#1%!9(#1!&35##)!10!5',!")%6!#99!'+-!/+,#!'!-('/+!(;++/+*!')#+*!"%5/+-!,5%!-(03)%'+%(&7!?!6'&!&%3(%,)0!.)%'&%-!"%3';&%!?!5',%-!,5',!5',7!Y+3)%!e/3!6'&!</&/,/+*7!J#1%!#+4!5%!&'/-4!'+-!*#,!1%!,#!&/,!#+!,5%!"'3=!#9!5/&!1#,#("/=%4!6%!(#'(%-!#994!5%!3)/1"%-!#<%(!,5%!"(/-*%!/+,#!,5%!-('/+4!'!=/+-!#9!3(%%=4!'+-!(%,(/%<%-!,5%!5',7!?!6'&!+#,!5'..04!?!6'&!,%((/9/%-!#9!,5%!"/=%4!'+-!?!5'-!,#!*#!#+!6%'(/+*!,5%!5',7!?!6'&!'"#;,!9/<%4!'+-!/,!6'&!'!"/*!+#/&0!"/=%4!%<%+!9#(!,5%!,/1%7!

I0!5',!6'&! 9)#..0! )%1#+d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

?A1!9'&3/+',%-!,#!)##=!',!,5%!.5#,#*('.5&!#9!,5%!,6#!*/()&4!F#;!'+-!I/))07!85%0!'(%! &)%+-%(4!6/,5! )#+*!+%3=&! '+-! &5'(.)0! 3;(<%-!5'/(4! /+! ,5%!"#""%-! &,0)%! #9! ,5%![\bc&7!85%/(!3)#,5%&!5'+*!"%';,/9;))0!#+!,5%17!?!'1!/1'*/+/+*!,5%1!',!5#1%!/+!,5%!#)-! 9'1/)0! 5#;&%4! )##=/+*! ',!1'*'M/+%&4! .#(/+*! #<%(! .',,%(+&4! &%6/+*! '1"/,/#;&!3)#,5%&4!&5'./+*!,5%1!,#!#+%!'+#,5%(A&!"#-/%&7!H0!,5%!,/1%!#9!,5%!A]c&!,5%!3)#,5%&!9/,4!+#,!,/*5,)0!";,!%)%*'+,)04!)/=%!*)#<%&4!,5%0!'(%!&;.%(")0!&3;).,;(%-!6/,5!'!"'+-!#(!'!&,(/.%!%1.5'&/&/+*!,5%!)/+%4!,5%/(!5',&!3#1.)%1%+,!,5%1!'+-!&#!-#!,5%/(!&5#%&4!,5%/(!)%*&!'(%!3)'-!/+!&/)=0!&,#3=/+*&7!?+!,5%!Abc&!,5%0!5'<%!+%3=)'3%&4!'+-!,/+0!5'+-"'*&4!'+-!*)#<%&7!?!5'<%!#+)0!2;&,!"%*;+!,#!,5/+=!65',!9;+!,5%0!6#;)-!5'<%!5'-4!6#(=/+*!#;,!'+-!3)#,5/+*!,5%1&%)<%&!/+!,5%!)',%&,!9'&5/#+&4!'+-!'))!#+!&5#%&,(/+*&4!65',%<%(!,5%0!'(%7!

>5%+!?!6'&!'!&1'))!35/)-!,5%!#--!);$;(/#;&!,5/+*&!/+!10!1#,5%(A&!)/9%!3'1%!9(#1!F#;7!C/+%!&,#3=/+*&7!E3%+,%-!&#'.&7!B+-!I/))0!1'-%!'))!#;(!3)#,5%&7!I0!&/&,%(&4!/+!,5%/(!,%%+&!̂ ,5%0!6%(%!'1#+*!,5%!9/(&,!,%%+&!%<%( 4̀!5'-!"/*!9/*5,&!#<%(!,5%!,/*5,+%&&!#9!,5/+*&7!I0!1#,5%(!)/=%-!,5%1!,#!9/,!%'&/)04!,5%0!6'+,%-!&=/+d,/*5,4!%&.%3/'))0!(#;+-!,5%!6'/&,7!

85%(%!5'-!"%%+!<'(/#;&!.(%,,0!+%3=)'3%&4!?!(%1%1"%(!9(#1!10!35/)-5##-@!3'(<%-!3#(')!"%'-&! )/=%! (#&%&4! /<#(0d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

98 GriffithREVIEW33

,5%!*(#;+-!'+-!9#;+-!&#1%!1#(%4!";,!+#,!'))D!?!=+%6!%+#;*5!'"#;,!+;1"%(&!,#!&%%!,5',!?!-/-!+#,!5'<%!+%'()0!%+#;*5!,#!1'=%!;.!,5%!)%+*,5!#9!,5%!+%3=)'3%7!?!*#,!5#,!'+-!"#,5%(%-!'+-!6#((/%-7!?!-/-+A,!5'<%!'+0,5/+*!,#!.;,!,5%1!/+7!?!3);,35%-!,5%1!/+!10! 5'+-! '+-! 65%+! ?! *#,! ,#! ,5%! .'(,0! 5'+-%-! ,5%1! ,#! 10! 5#&,%&&! 6/,5! &#1%!/+3#5%(%+,!&,#(07!?!-/-+A,!%+2#0!10&%)9!',!'))7!

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f;&,!,5%!&'1%4!?!)##=!"'3=!;.#+!10&%)9!'&!'!1#+&,%(!35/)-7!

!THE PHOTOS OF!10!1#,5%(!6/,5!10!9',5%(!'+-!e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

I0! 9',5%(! /&! 3#;(,/+*!10!1#,5%(! /+! ,5/&! ./3,;(%7! 85',! &6%%,4! (',5%(! 3#+&3/#;&!&1/)%!&5%!5'&D!5/&!35%%(9;)!5'../+%&&!L!,5/+*&!&%%1!,#!"%!*#/+*!6%))7!?+!9'3,4!,5%0!6%(%+A,7!P%!'&=%-!5%(!,#!1'((0!5/1D!&5%!(%9;&%-7!E5%!,#)-!1%!&5%!,5#;*5,!5%!6'&!,##! 5/*5d,#+%-! '+-! '((#*'+,4! '+-! ,5',! 5/&! 9'1/)0! 5'-! /-%'&! '"#<%! ,5%/(! &,',/#+7!85%0A-!1%,!"%3';&%!5/&!&/&,%(!?<0!'+-!5%(!&/&,%(!F#;!6%(%!9(/%+-&4!F#;!,5%!1/))/+%(!'+-! ?<0! ,5%!+;(&%4! ,5%!5'+-&#1%! &/&,%(4!65#! )',%(! 35'+*%-! ,#!5%(!1/--)%!+'1%4!I'(07!I/))0!1;&,!5'<%!"%%+!9/(1!'"#;,!/,!"%3';&%!f'1/%!6%+,!'6'0!'+-!%<%+,;'))0!1'((/%-!&#1%#+%!%)&%7!

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


&5%! 5'-! -/%-! #9! ,;"%(3;)#&/&7!I/))0! .(#-;3%-! 85%)1'A&! -/'(0! '+-! &'/-@! 8%))!1%4!&5#;)-!?!";(+!,5/&a!O9!3#;(&%!6%!'))!&5(/%=%-!+#4!5'</+*!'!*(%',!(%&.%3,!9#(!6#(-&!#+!.'.%(4!%<%+!"%9#(%!6%!=+%6!65',!,5%0!6%(%7!!

?,!/&!,5%!&'--%&,!)/,,)%!&,#(07!85%)1'!&#!)#<%&!5%(!f/1104!5%(!H(#6+dG0%&4!&5%!3'))&!5/1D! &5%! /&! &;(%! &5%!6/))! "%!6%))4! &5%! /&! ,(0/+*! &#! 5'(-7!I/))0! &'/-@! f'1/%! (%'))0!"%)/%<%-!5%!3#;)-!&'<%!5%(D!5%A-!(%'-!'!65#)%!)#,!#9!"##=&!'+-!,5#;*5,!,5',!,5%0!3#;)-!"%',!,5%!-/&%'&%7!

85%)1'!6(#,%!/+!5%(!-/'(0!,5',!,5%!-#3,#(!&'0&!&5%!3'+!*%,!1'((/%-!.(#</-%-!,5%0!.('3,/&%!RHJA7!B+-!1'((0!,5%0!-#7!E5%!,%))&!5%(!-/'(0!5#6!&5%!)#<%&!,5%!&1%))!#9!5/17!P#6!5'..0!&5%! /&7!E#!1;35!"%,,%(7!E/$!1#+,5&! )',%(!&5%! /&!-%'-7!O;(! 9',5%(!6'&!-%<'&,',%-4!('+!'6'0!;.!+#(,54!5'-!'!1/&%('")%!,/1%7!?,!6'&![\]c!,5',!&5%!-/%-!'+-!,5%!Z%.(%&&/#+!-/-+A,!5%).7!?!,5/+=!5%!&,'(,%-!6(/,/+*!'*'/+!,#!I/))0!'9,%(!'!65/)%4!'+-!%<%+,;'))0!5%!3'1%!5#1%!'+-!'&=%-!5%(!,#!1'((0!5/1!'+-!,5/&!,/1%!&5%!&'/-!0%&7!?!%$.%3,!5%!6'&+A,!&#!5/*5d,#+%-!'+-!'((#*'+,!'9,%(!'))!,5',!5'-!5'..%+%-4!'+-!')&#! ?! ,5/+=! ,5',!10!1#,5%(!1/*5,!6%))!5'<%! ,5#;*5,! ,5',!&/+3%!&5%!6'&!=%%./+*!5#;&%! 9#(! 5%(! #6+! .'(%+,&4! 5%(! 1#,5%(! &.%+-/+*! 5%(! ,/1%! '&! '! )'-0! -#/+*!+%%-)%6#(=4!1'0"%!/,!6#;)-!"%!.)%'&'+,%(!,#!=%%.!5%(!#6+!5#;&%!/+&,%'-7!!

?+! [\]g! ,5%0! 6%(%! 1'((/%-D! &5%! 6'&! ,5/(,0d,6#7! E5%! 6'&! <%(0! #)-! +#,! ,#! "%!1'((/%-D!?!,5/+=!0#;+*!.%#.)%!,5%&%!-'0&!.#&&/")0!-#+A,!=+#6!5#6!/+</-/#;&!6'&!,5%!&/,;',/#+!#9!&/+*)%!6#1%+D!/,!6'&!+%<%(!3#+&/-%(%-!'!35#/3%!'+0#+%!1/*5,!5'<%!6'+,%-!,#!1'=%7!I0!.'(%+,&!5'-!'!)/,,)%!*%+%(')!&,#(%!',!B-'1&,#6+!,5',!&,(;**)%-!')#+*4!";,!65%+!?!6'&!,6#!,5%0!*'<%!,5',!;.!'+-!9',5%(!6%+,!,#!,5%!&,',%!-#3=0'(-!'&!'+!'33#;+,&!3)%(=7!P%!;&%-!,#!&'0!,5',!/9!,5%0!5'-!&,'0%-!,5(#;*5!,5%![\hc&!/+!,5%!&5#.!,5%0A-!5'<%!1'-%!'!9#(,;+%4!";,!/,!6'&!+#!)/9%!9#(!'!9'1/)07!

8;3=%-!/+!85%)1'A&!-/'(0!,5%(%!/&!'!.5#,#*('.54!&%./'4!#(!.#&&/")0!2;&,!0%))#6/+*!6/,5!,/1%7!?,!&5#6&!'!*('<%!/+!E'+-*',%!J%1%,%(04!'!6/-%!*('<%4!6/,5!'!1'(")%!"##=!9#(!'!5%'-&,#+%7!O+!,5%!)%9,d5'+-!.'*%!/&!6(/,,%+!78"(A%)*%@B)C"(+4"1)#.;")+;)3,'86,)D%A"&7!85%!(/*5,!&/-%!/&!")'+=7!>'/,/+*!9#(!5%(!f/110!,#!"%!";(/%-!,5%(%7!H;,!"0!,5/&!,/1%!5%!/&!#;(!f'1/%7!85%!+%$,!-'0!6%!3(%1',%!5/1D!5/&!'&5%&!'(%!";(/%-!"%+%',5!'!0%))#6!(#&%!";&54!'+-!'!-%3'-%!#(!&#!)',%(!#;(!1#,5%(A&!2#/+!5/17!!

>%!'(%!+#,!9/)/')4!5'<%!+#,!"%%+!,#!&%%!,5%14!'&!*##-!-';*5,%(&!&5#;)-4!-#!+#,!1'=%!./)*(/1'*%&!65%+! ,5%! (#&%&! '(%! ")##1/+*4! -#! +#,! ,'=%! #;(! 35/)-(%+! ,#! &%%!65%(%!,5%/(!*('+-.'(%+,&!)/%7!?!,5/+=!#9!,5%1!&#1%,/1%&4!65%+!?!,5/+=!#9!,5%!'&5%&!#9!10!5;&"'+-!'+-!10!-';*5,%(4!&,/))!/+!10!5#;&%!6/,5!1%D!10!&#+!f'1%&!&'0&!6%!&5#;)-!&3',,%(!,5%14!'+-!?!&;..#&%!6%!6/))4!#+%!-'07!?!6#;)-!)/=%!,#!*#!'+-!&%%!/9!6%!3#;)-! 9/+-!85%)1'A&! *('<%7! 85/&! ;+);3=0! 0#;+*!6#1'+!65#! )#&,! ,5%! )/9%! &5%! &#!.'&&/#+',%)0!6'+,%-7!

!VIOLET’S FIRST DAUGHTER! *#,! 1'((/%-! &5#(,)0! '9,%(! ?! -/-7! E5%! 6'&!3#+&/-%('")0!#)-%(!,5'+!1%4!&#!/,!6'&!'!)',%!1'((/'*%7!O+%!#9!,5%!3)/../+*&!/+!,5%!3/*'(!"#$! /&! ,5%!'++#;+3%1%+,!#9!5%(!%+*'*%1%+,4!<%(0!.)%'&/+*! 9#(!5%(!"%3';&%!

100 GriffithREVIEW33

%<%(0"#-0!,5#;*5,!/,!6#;)-!+%<%(!5'..%+7!>%!&)#6)0!)#&,!,('3=!#9!5%(!'9,%(!,5',7!?!,5/+=! &5%! -%)/"%(',%)0! -(%6!5%(&%)9! '6'04! '),5#;*5! &5%! 5'-! "%%+! /+! ,5%! 5'"/,! #9!3#1/+*!,#!#;(!.)'3%!2;&,!'"#;,!%<%(0!E',;(-'0!#(!E;+-'0D!&5%A-!&,'0!9#(!,%'!'+-!*#!5#1%!#+!,5%!";&7!E5%!3'((/%-!'!.')%!O()#+!3'(-/*'+!/+!'!.)'&,/3!"'*4!"#,5!#9!,5%&%!,5/+*&!"%/+*!+%6!'+-!%$3/,/+*!',!,5%!,/1%7!E5%!6'&!'!,'))!'+-!&,',;%&:;%!6#1'+4!;&;'))0!&,#;,D!5%(!9',5%(!'+-!5%(!"(#,5%(&!6%(%!"/*d"#+%-4!,'))!.%#.)%7!>%!35/)-(%+!(',5%(! )/=%-! ,5/&! </&/,/+*4! ,5#;*5! 10! 1#,5%(! 6'&! &#1%,/1%&! /((/,',%-! "0! ,5%!3'&;')+%&&!#9!/,@!&5%!+%<%(!=+%6!/9!f;-/,5!6'&!3#1/+*!#(!+#,7!E5%!,';*5,!1%!,#!&%6!#+!,5%!E/+*%(!,(%'-)%!1'35/+%D!&5%!#"&%(<%-!,5',!65',!6'&!*#/+*!6(#+*!6'&!10!9'/);(%!,#!3#d#(-/+',%!,5%!&./++/+*!#9!,5%!65%%)!"0!5'+-!6/,5!,5%!.%--)/+*!#9!,5%!9##,.)',%7!I0!1#,5%(!5'-!-%&.'/(%-!#9!10!%<%(!*%,,/+*!,5%!=+'3=7!

O+%!-'0!f;-/,5!'+-!?!6%(%!9/--)/+*!'"#;,!/+!,5%!)';+-(04!'+-!9#(!&#1%!(%'&#+!6%(%!,')=/+*!'"#;,!1%+!3'((0/+*!6#1%+!#<%(!.;--)%&7!>%))4!I'(/#+4!&5%!&'/-4!0#;!'+-!?!6/))!2;&,!5'<%!,#!*%,!;&%-!,#!,5%!/-%'!,5',!/,!6#+A,!5'..%+!,#!;&7!

?!=+%6!&5%!6'&+A,! 2;&,!1%'+/+*!"%/+*!3'((/%-!#<%(!.;--)%&4! &5%!1%'+,!'))! ,5%!,5/+*&!1%+!-#!6/,5!6#1%+4!'+-!?!6'&!/((/,',%-!"0!,5/&7!?!6'&!,6%+,0d,6#!'+-!6'&!"0!+#!1%'+&!&;..#&/+*!,5',!&;35!,5/+*&!6%(%!.'&&/+*!1%!"07!?!=+%6!&5%!,5#;*5,!,5/&!9#(!5%(&%)94!'+-!6'+,%-!10!3#1.'+0!/+!,5/&!")%'=!.)'3%!&5%!5'-!/+!1/+-7!E#!?!-/-+A,!&'0!'+0,5/+*7!B+-!/+!9'3,!:;/,%!&##+!'9,%(!'!1'+!-/-!3'((0!1%!#<%(!'!.;--)%4!'!1'+!?!5'-!#+)0!2;&,!1%,4!'+-!/+!&/$!1#+,5&!1#(%!?!6'&!1'((/%-!,#!K('5'1!L!+#,!,5%!1'+!#9!,5%!.;--)%4!?!-/-+A,!&%%!5/1!'*'/+!9#(!'+#,5%(!9#(,0!0%'(&7!

>%! ,5(%%! &/&,%(&! *#,! /+! ,#;35! 6/,5! f;-/,5! '! :;'(,%(! #9! '! 3%+,;(0! '9,%(! 5%(!1'((/'*%4! 65%+! #;(! 1#,5%(! -/%-7! E5%! /+</,%-! ;&! 9#(! );+35! '+-! 1'-%! "'3#+!&'+-6/35%&7! E5%!-/-+A,! %',! ,5%14! '&! &5%!6'&!-/%,/+*! &#! &5%! 3#;)-!5'<%! '! 5/.!#.%(',/#+7!H#,5!5;&"'+-!'+-!6/9%!5'-!*#,!<%(0!)'(*%7!85%!5;&"'+-A&!9'<#;(/,%!-/&54!65/35!5%!)/=%-!,#!3##=4!6'&!35/.&!'+-!"',,%(%-!9/&54!-%%.d9(/%-7!85%0!6%(%!<%(0!*##-7!>5%+!6%!</&/,%-!,5%0!5'-!2;&,!5'-!,5%!-##(!#9!,5%!)'<',#(0!(%d5;+*!&#!/,!#.%+%-!#;,6'(-&4!/+!3'&%!#+%!#9!,5%1!3#))'.&%-!65/)%!,5%0!6%(%!/+!,5%(%7!

!THE BIGGEST TREASURE!/+!,5%!3/*'(!"#$!/&!,5(%%!)%,,%(&7!85%0!6%(%!6(/,,%+!"0!10!9',5%(! ,#!10!1#,5%(4! 2;&,!'9,%(!10!-';*5,%(!F;30!6'&!"#(+4!65%+!5%!6#;)-!5'<%!"%%+!&/$,0d,6#!'+-!&5%!&/$,0d#+%7! ?!5'-!(;+*!5/1!;.!'+-!,#)-!5/1!,5',!10!1#,5%(!5'-!,#!3#1%!-#6+!,#!J'+"%(('!'+-!&,'0!6/,5!1%4!,5',!?!3#;)-+A,!3#.%!#+!10!#6+7!

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


,5',!'!6#1'+!6'&!#+!5%(!9',5%(A&!5'+-&!;+,/)!5%!*'<%!5%(!'6'0!,#!5%(!5;&"'+-7!?+!9'3,4!6%!'))!-/-!*%,!1'((/%-!6/,5#;,!,5%!"%+%9/,!#9!5/&!,%)%.5#+%4!";,!6%!5'-!,#!)%'<%!5#1%! 9/(&,7! E#! ?! 5'-! ,#! (/+*!5/1!',!6#(=7! ?!1;&,!5'<%!-#+%! '!*##-! 2#"4! ,5#;*54!"%3';&%!5%!)%,!I/))0!3#1%7!85',A&!5#6!?!')6'0&!&'6!/,4!,5#;*5!65%+!?!&'/-!,5/&!,#!W#&/%!,5%!#,5%(!-'0!&5%!&'/-@!P%!3#;)-+A,!5'<%!&,#..%-!5%(7!E5%!6'&!3#1/+*7!!

U#,!#9,%+!-/-!10!1#,5%(!.;,!5%(!9##,!-#6+4!";,!&5%!-/-!,5%+4!3)%'()07!

?! 5'-! 9#(*#,,%+! ,5%! -%,'/)&! #9! ,5',! 3#1/+*4! ";,! ,5%! )%,,%(&! (%3'))! ,5%! 5;*%!#(*'+/&',/#+! (%:;/(%-4! &#! 10! 9',5%(! 6#;)-! +#,! 9%%)! ,##! =%%+)0! ,5%! )#&&! #9! 5/&!5%).1%%,7!W#&/%!6'&!)/</+*!',!5#1%4!*#/+*!,#!;+/<%(&/,0D!H(%+-'!6'&!1'((/%-!'+-!)/</+*!/+!'!9)',!+#,!9'(!'6'07!>#;)-!W#&/%!*/<%!;.!*%,,/+*!;.!',!1/--'0!'+-!&,'0/+*!#;,!,/))!'))!5#;(&4!/+!#(-%(!,#!*%,!9',5%(!#99!,#!6#(=!'+-!5'<%!5/&!-/++%(!(%'-0a!P%!6'&!9'1#;&!9#(!&'0/+*!5%!)/=%-!/,!6'/,/+*!#+!,5%!,'")%!65%+!5%!6')=%-!/+!,5%!-##(7!

85%!9/(&,!)%,,%(!"%*/+&!RZ%'(!H%';,/9;)A7!f;&,!'!+#,%4!5%!&'0&@!/,!(;+&!,#!#+%!'+-!'!5')9! ,0.%-!.'*%&7!W#&/%!*#,!5/1!,#!6#(=!'))! (/*5,! ,5',!1#(+/+*!'+-!65%+!5%!*#,!5#1%!&5%!5'-!,5%!5#;&%!:;/,%!,/-0!R'+-!5'-!-#+%!,5/+*&A7!B9,%(!'))!&#(,&!#9!+%6&!'+-!(%1'(=&! )/=%! R6%! '(%! "%'(/+*! ;.! "('<%)0! ;+-%(! ,5%! &,('/+! '+-! #;(! &;(</<')! /&!%$.%3,%-4A!5%!%+-&@!R85/&!/&!'))!9#(!+#64!)#<%0d-#<%07A!P/&!+%6!H(;3=+%(!(%3#(-!5'-!'((/<%-!,5',!-'0!'+-!5%!/&!*#/+*!,#!(%)'$!'+-!.)'0!/,7!

85%!&%3#+-!)%,,%(!"%*/+&!RZ%'(!N(%3/#;&4A!'+-!%$.%3,&!,#!"%!&5#(,!,##4!&/+3%!5%!/&!6(/,/+*!/,!',!6#(=4!6/,5!5/&!9#;+,'/+!.%+4!/+!#(-%(!,#!3',35!,5%!.#&,!,5',!-'04!";,!5%!1'+'*%&!1#(%!,5'+!,6#!.'*%&7!E5%A&!')(%'-0!6(/,,%+!"'3=!,#!5/17!F#,&!1#(%!-'/)0!+%6&7!H(%+-'!-(#..%-!/+!,#!&%%!5/14!'+-!9#;+-!5/1!&/,,/+*!#+!5/&!R)#+%)0!#6+A!&/+3%!W#&/%!5'-!*#+%! ,#!;+/7!E5%A&!-#/+*!.(%,,0!6%))7! RI'-%!&#1%!1%',!3#+3#3,/#+! ,5%!+/*5,!"%9#(%!)'&,!'+-!.;,!/+!*'()/34!)%1#+!2;/3%!'+-!&5%((0!L!/,!,'&,%-!:;/,%!*##-4!";,!0#;!=+#6!10!(%'3,/#+!,#!5/*5!9)'<#;(&7A!E5%A&!3##=%-!'!-%3%+,!&,%'=!'+-!,5%!'..)%!./%!/&!5/*5)0!.('/&%-7!

P%A&!&#)<%-!,5%!.(#")%1!#9!*%,,/+*!5%(!;.!/+!,5%!1#(+/+*!L!5%!,'=%&!5%(!'!3;.!#9!,%'!'+-!,5%!.'.%(7!

85/&!)%,,%(!9/+/&5%&!6/,5!)#<%!,#!5/&!&6%%,5%'(,7!

85%!,5/(-!)%,,%(!"%*/+&!RZ%'(!K#(*%#;&A7!W#&/%!/&!'!*(%',!&;33%&&7!O+!C(/-'0!+/*5,!,5%0!*#! ,#! ,5%!./3,;(%&!6/,5!H(%+-'!'+-!C(%-4!'+-!&5%!-#%&!-/++%(! 9/(&,7!O0&,%(&!^&1#=%-4!?!&;..#&%`4!'+!%$3%))%+,!3'&&%(#)%!6/,5!&,;99%-!,#1',#%&4!.%'(&!6/,5!2%))0!'+-!/3%!3(%'14!"/&3;/,&!'+-!35%%&%7!B))!"%9#(%!'+!i!.1!1#</%7!P%!,%))&!5%(!&5%!&5#;)-!,'=%!#<%(!#+!#33'&/#+!'+-!*/<%!5%(!1#,5%(!'! &.%))4! R";,! ?! ,5/+=! ,5',! /&!'!5#(&%!#9!'+#,5%(!3#)#;(7A!

P%!,%))&!I/))0!5#6!5%!-#%&!5/&!6'&5/+*4!'+-!65#!5'&!-/%-4!65#!5'-!'!"'"04!65#!'+!#.%(',/#+7!85%(%!5'<%!"%%+!*(%',!&,#(1&4!'+-!,5%!&,(%%,!',!(/*5,!'+*)%&!,#!,5%/(&4!')#+*!,5%!"%'354!5'&!"%%+!;+-%(!+%'()0!,6#!9%%,!#9!&'+-!'*'/+4!";,!,5%/(&!5'&!2;&,!'!&1%'(7! H(%+-'! *#,! '! .'0! (/&%7!P%A&! /+! ,5%!1/--)%! #9! 5/&! &%3(%,'(/')!6#(=! 9#(! 5/&!


)#-*%&4!&#!6/))!6/+-!;.!+#64!)#<%07!P%!%+-&!6/,5!5/&!)#<%7!B+-!,5%(%!/&!'!NE@!RT#;(!(#&%!.%,')&!&,/))!5'-!:;/,%!'!.%(9;1%7A!?!6#+-%(!65',!,5/&!1%'+&4!,5/&!&1'))4!')1#&,!.#%,/3!&%+,%+3%7!

?!6'&!9;))!#9!,%'(&!65%+!?!(%'-!,5%&%!)%,,%(&7!85%0!'(%!&#!)#</+*4!&#!-'/)04!,5%0!.'0!&#!1;35!',,%+,/#+!,#!,5%!,5(%'-&!,5',!6%'<%!,5%!9'"(/3!#9!,5%/(!)/9%!,#*%,5%(7!B+-!,5%0!(%3'))! ,#!1%!5/&!5;1#;(4!5/&!5%'<0d5'+-%-!/(#+04!5/&!(',5%(!.#+-%(#;&! 2#=%&7!P%!(%1'(=&!,5',!H(%+-'!-(#..%-!/+!'*'/+!L!&5%!6'&!5'</+*!9;+!(;++/+*!(#;+-!/+!,5%/(!3'(4! 65/35!6'&! '+! B;&,/+! P%')%0! ',! ,5',! ,/1%4! ?! ,5/+=4! '! 6#+-%(9;)! #"2%3,4! '+-!H(%+-'4! ,'))! '+-! &)%+-%(! '+-! ,6%+,0d,5(%%4!6/,5! 5%(! &,('/*5,! &5/+/+*! "(#6+! 5'/(!5')96'0!-#6+!5%(! "'3=4!6'&! ,5%! (/*5,! *)'1#(#;&!-(/<%(! #9! /,! L! ,#! "#((#6! &#1%!=+/,,/+*! +%%-)%&D! '..'(%+,)04! 5%! &'0&4! ,5%! 3('M%! /&! #+! '*'/+7! E5%! -/-+A,! &,'04! 2;&,!*)'+3%-!#<%(!5/&! &5#;)-%(! ,#! &%%!65#!5%!6'&!6(/,/+*! ,#7! R>'+,%-! ,#! =+#6!65#!H%';,/9;)!6'&7!Z#!0#;!=+#6aA!

H%';,/9;)7!N(%3/#;&7!K#(*%#;&7!P%!/&!5'</+*!9;+7!H;,!5%!1%'+&!/,7!P%!6'+,&!5%(!,#!=+#6! 5%! )#<%&! 5%(4! 5%!1/&&%&! 5%(4! %<%+! ,5#;*5! 5%! /&! "%/+*! )##=%-! '9,%(! "0! 5/&!-';*5,%(&7!P%!=+#6&!,5',!?!+%%-!5%(!',!,5/&!,/1%4!'+-!,5',!/&!(/*5,4!";,!5%!/&!5#)-/+*!5%(!3)#&%7!

85%(%! '(%+A,! 1'+0! )%,,%(&! "%3';&%! ,5%0! 6%(%! +%<%(! '.'(,7! 85%0! 6%+,! '6'0!,#*%,5%(!'+-!&,'0%-!5#1%!,#*%,5%(7!G<%(0!1#(+/+*!'+-!%<%(0!%<%+/+*4!"%9#(%!'+-!'9,%(!6#(=4!5%!=/&&%-!5%(7!G<%(0!+/*5,!6%!5%'(-!,5%!"%-!&.(/+*&!(',,)%!'&!5%!(#))%-!#<%(!,#!*/<%!5%(!'!3;--)%7!85%0!)/=%-!#+%!'+#,5%(4!)/=%-!,#!,#;354!,#!"%!+%'(7!85%(%!6%(%!#,5%(!)%,,%(&4!?!(%')/&%-D!65%+!?!6'&!'!35/)-!3#))%3,/+*!&,'1.&!10!1#,5%(!,##=!&#1%!%+<%)#.%&!#;,!#9!,5%!"'3=!#9!5%(!6'(-(#"%!'+-!3;,!"%';,/9;)![\]c&!&,'1.&!#99!,5%17!E5%!5'-!,5%1!&'9%!'+-!65#)%!,5%(%4!'+-!1;35!)',%(!?!6#(=%-!#;,!,5',!,5%0!6%(%!,5%!)%,,%(&!f'1/%!5'-!6(/,,%+!"%9#(%!,5%0!6%(%!1'((/%-4!'9,%(!85%)1'A&!-%',54!65%+! 5%!6'+,%-! ,#! (%+%6! 5/&! 3#++%3,/#+!6/,5! 5%(7! E5%!6#;)-+A,! &5#6!1%! ,5%!)%,,%(&4!'+-!?!-/-+A,!*#!'+-!)##=!65%+!&5%!6'&+A,!,5%(%7!E5%!,(;&,%-!1%!+#,!,#!-#!,5',!'+-!?!3#;)-+A,!5'<%!"%,('0%-!5%(7!?!-#+A,!=+#6!65',!5'..%+%-!,#!,5%17!N%(5'.&!&5%!-%&,(#0%-! ,5%14! '&! &5%!5'-! ,5#;*5,! #9!-#/+*!6/,5!85%)1'A&!-/'(04! ,5/&! ,/1%!+#,!'&=/+*!;&!#;(!#./+/#+7!!

E5%!6'&!&504!'+-!.(/<',%7!E5%!6#;)-+A,!)/=%!5%(!-';*5,%(!6(/,/+*!'"#;,!5%(!)/=%!,5/&7!H;,!,5/&!/&!65',!?!-#4!6/,5!&,#(/%&!,5',!?!9/+-4!#(!/+<%+,D!?!6(/,%!,5%1!-#6+!9#(!#,5%(&!,#!(%'-7!85',!3/*'(!"#$4!6/,5!/,&!+'((',/<%&4!&5%!)%9,!/,!9#(!1%!,#!9/+-7!

Marion Halligan AM is an award-winning novelist, essayist and short-story writer. She has been shortlisted for the Dublin IMPAC Prize, the Miles Franklin Award and the Nita B Kibble Award. Her books, published by Allen & Unwin, include Taste of Memory (2004) and Valley of Grace (2009), and her new novel is Shooting the Fox.


MEMOIR

My mother and me A reacquaintance

Anna Dorrington

FOR!"!#$%&!'()*!+!,$-#.!%$'!)"/*!-0!)1!)(%.!23*4*!"%.!23*%!'$!5'"4'!)1!5'$416!7-'!*8*%'-"##1!+!.*,(.*.!'$!7*&(%!(%!'3*!)(..#*9!!

:7$-'!'*%!1*"45!"&$!)1!5(5'*4!'$#.!)*!'3"'!)1!)$'3*4!3".!3".!"%$'3*4!,3(#.6!$%*!2*!/%*2!%$'3(%&!"7$-'9!;*!2*4*!5'"%.(%&!(%!)1!/(',3*%6!'3*!."1!7*<$4*!53*!2"5!.-*!'$!&$!3$)*!'$!=*4)"%19!!

>?-)!2"5!4"0*.!71!'34**!:)*4(,"%!5$#.(*45!53$4'#1!7*<$4*!'3*!*%.!$<!'3*!2"49!@%*!$<!'3*)!2"5!7#",/!"%.!3*!2"5!'3*!$%*!'3"'!)".*!3*4!04*&%"%'9A!!

>B$2!.$!1$-!/%$2CA!+!"5/*.6!(%!53$,/9!>D3*!'$#.!$-4!74$'3*4!"!<*2!)$%'35!7*<$4*!53*!.(*.9A!!E3*!,$%8*45"'($%!2*%'!$%!<$4!"!23(#*F!)1!<",*6!&3$5'G23('*6!5#$2#1!4*&"(%*.!('5!

%$4)"#! 3-*9! H$4! '3*! 4*5'! $<! '3*! *8*%(%&! )1! )$$.5! "%.! '3$-&3'5! 52-%&! <4$)!(%,4*.-#('1!'$!,-4($5('16!<4$)!5".%*55!'$!3"'4*.9!!

?1! 5(5'*4! #*<'! '3*! %*I'! ."19!?1!3-57"%.! '4(*.! '$! &*%'#1! ,$"I!)*! 7",/! '$!%$4)"#('16! 7-'! 5"1(%&! >+'! 2"5! "##! "! #$%&! '()*! "&$A! .(.! %$'! 4*"##1! 3*#0! )1!,$%<-5($%9!!

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

?1!5(5'*4A5!%*25!74$-&3'!'3*!2"4!,#$5*4!"&"(%9!@%*!-%,#*!.(*.!(%!'3*!2"46!>#$5'!(%!K-55("AF! $'3*4! -%,#*5!2*4*! ()04(5$%*.! 71! '3*! 8"4($-5! 8(,'$459! D$)*! ,")*! 3$)*!


L-(,/#1F!$'3*45!'$$/!1*"459!;*!&4*2!-0!2('3!'3(5!/%$2#*.&*6!7-'!'3$-&3'!'3"'!$-4!)$'3*4! "%.! 3*4! <(45'! '2$! ,3(#.4*%6! 23$! 3".! 7**%! >7$)7*.! $-'A! $<! '3*(4! <#"'! (%!?-%(,36!2*"'3*4*.!'3*!4*5'!$<!'3*!2"4!"##!4(&3'6!'-,/*.!"2"1!$%!3*4!(%G#"25A!<"4)9!!

+%!'3*!'()*!'3"'!<$##$2*.!)1!5(5'*4A5!4*8*#"'($%6!)1!5(7#(%&5!4*)(%(5,*.9!D$)*!$<!$-4!)$'3*4A5!5'4"%&*!7*3"8($-45!7*&"%!'$!)"/*!5*%5*9!

;*!3".!%$!2"1!$<! '4",(%&! '3(5!%*2!74$'3*49!;3*4*!2"5!3*C! D3$-#.!2*! *8*%!#$$/C!;$45'!$<!"##M!.(.!3*!/%$2!'3"'!3(5!<"'3*4!4"0*.!3(5!)$'3*4C!N*5'!#*"8*!('!"#$%*6!2*!'3$-&3'9!

N-'!'3*!5**.!2"5!5$2%9!?1!5(5'*4!#$$/*.!$%!'3*!(%'*4%*'9!;*!'"#/*.!'$!$-4!"-%'!23$!3".!7**%!'3*4*!23*%!'3*!4"0*!3"00*%*.9!D3*!3".!4-%!"2"19!+'!2"5!3"4.!'$!'"#/!'$!3*4M!('!"##!3"00*%*.!"!#$%&!'()*!"&$9!D3*!'3$-&3'!'3*!,3-4,3!3".!.*"#'!2('3!('9!!

!TWO YEARS AGO!)1! 5(5'*4! 03$%*.M! >=-*55!23"'! 3"00*%*.C!@-4!:)*4(,"%!74$'3*4A5!5$%!'-4%*.!-0!"'!?-)A5!3$-5*OA!!

B*!3".!7**%!5**/(%&!"!=*4)"%!0"550$4'6!"%.!"<'*4!8(5('(%&!'3*!,$-%,(#!7-(#.(%&!<$4!4*,$4.5!$<!3(5!&4"%.)$'3*4A5!"..4*55!3*!2"#/*.!'$!)1!)$'3*4A5!3$-5*9!B*!4"%&!'3*!7*##!"%.!)1!%(*,*6!23$!%$2!#(8*5!'3*4*6!"%52*4*.!'3*!.$$49!!

>+A)!#$$/(%&!<$4!)1!&4"%.)$'3*4!P!.$*5!53*!#(8*!3*4*CA!3*!"5/*.9!!

?1!%(*,*!'$#.!3()!'3"'!)1!)$'3*4!3".!.(*.!%(%*!1*"45!"&$9!!

B*! 3".! /%$2%! 23*4*! '$! #$$/6! 3*! *I0#"(%*.6! 7*,"-5*! 3(5! <"'3*4! 5'"53*.! '3*!4*#*8"%'!0"0*42$4/!(%!3(5!"''(,9!

E3*!3$#*5!(%!'3*!5'$41!,$-#.!%$2!7*!<(##*.!(%9!?-)!3".!&(8*%!3*4!7#",/!7"71!-0!<$4!".$0'($%!(%!=*4)"%19!B*!#(8*.!(%!"%!$403"%"&*!-%'(#!3*!2"5!<(8*6!23*%!3*!2"5!".$0'*.!71!"%!*#.*4#1!:<4(,"%G:)*4(,"%!,$-0#*!"%.!)$8*.!2('3!'3*)!'$!:)*4(,"9!?1!74$'3*4!#"'*4!)"44(*.!"%.!3".!'34**!5$%59!

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

! !SHE’D HAD ANOTHER!<(8*!,3(#.4*%!"<'*4!)1!3"#<G74$'3*4!2"5!7$4%9!E3*4*!2*4*!'$$!)"%16! *8*%!2('3! "!%"%%1! '$!3*#09!?1! <"'3*4!.(*.!23*%! +!2"5! <$-46! "%.!2*!)$8*.!'$!"!7(&&*4!'$2%9!H$4!)1!)$'3*46!(%!3*4!*"4#1!<$4'(*56!'3*!53$,/!$<!#$5(%&!3*4!3-57"%.!(%!"%!",,(.*%'!2"5!04$<$-%.9!D3*!%*8*4!4*"##1!2"%'*.!'$!'"#/!"7$-'!('6!7-'!*8*41!1*"4!$%!'3*!"%%(8*45"41!53*!2$-#.!5"1M!>+'A5!1$-4!<"'3*4A5!.*"'3!."1!'$."19A!E3(5!2"5!5$!(%&4"(%*.!'3"'!+!5'(##!.$%A'!4*,"##!3(5!7(4'3."16!$%#1!'3*!."1!3*!.(*.9!!

ANNA DORRINGTON: My mother and me 105

D3*! ,$0*.!23(#*!)1! <"'3*4!2"5! "#(8*! 7-'! #*55!2*##! "<'*4! 3*!.(*.9! +%! $-4! *"4#1!,3(#.3$$.!3"#<!$<!-5!2*4*!5*%'!'$!"%!"<<$4."7#*!7$"4.(%&!5,3$$#F!)1!5(5'*4!"%.!+!-5*.!'$!,$)<$4'!*",3!$'3*4!23*%6!.-4(%&!'3*!"-'-)%!3$#(."156!2*!2*4*!%$'!"##$2*.!'$!&$!3$)*!7*,"-5*!53*!,$-#.!%$'!,$0*9!J8*%'-"##1!+!7*,")*!,34$%(,"##1!5(,/!"%.!2"5!"##$2*.!'$!#*"8*!'3*!7$"4.(%&!5,3$$#!<$4!&$$.9!

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

!MY SECOND BROTHER!2"5!'3*!>&$#.*%!7$1A9!;('3$-'!)1!<"'3*4!3*!2"5!'3*!$%*!23$!3*#0*.!)$'3*4!,$0*!71!4*(&%(%&!$8*4!-59!B*!)".*!-5!5-<<*49!B*!.*,(.*.!3$2!)-,3!2**/#1!0$,/*'!)$%*1!3(5! #(''#*!5(5'*45!&$'6!.*0*%.(%&!$%!3$2!2*##!2*!3".!.$%*!$-4!3$-5*3$#.!,3$4*59! >B$2!)-,3!.$!+!&*'! '3(5!2**/C!+! '3(%/!+!.(.!)1!R$7!4*"##1!2*##6A!+!2$-#.!5"19!B*!2$-#.!'3(%/!"!#(''#*!23(#*!"%.!.*,(.*!3$2!)-,3!'3*!2$4/!2"5!2$4'39!+'!'$$/!)*!1*"45!'$!$8*4,$)*!)1!.*<*4*%,*!'$!)*%9!

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

:5!"!,3(#.!+!2"5!%$'!4*"##1!"2"4*!'3"'!2*!3"4.#1!*8*4!3".!8(5('$459!D$)*'()*5!4*#"'(8*5!2$-#.!,$)*6!7-'!%*8*4!$-'5(.*45!$4!<4(*%.59!E3*!3$-5*!2"5!<-##!"%12"19!D3*!%*8*4!)".*!"!,"/*6!,$$/(%&!2"5!"!,3$4*F!53*!.(5#(/*.!7*(%&!"!3$-5*2(<*6!<-##!5'$09! +! "5/! 3*4! $%,*!23*'3*4! 53*!2$-#.!)"441! "&"(%9!:! 53$4'! 53"40!%$!2"5! '3*!"%52*49!+!2"5!5$!'"/*%!"7",/!'3"'!+!.(.!%$'!*%L-(4*!<-4'3*49!

+'!(5!'3(5!)*%'"#!)*55!'3"'!+!<(%.!3"4.!'$!.*"#!2('39!+!2(53!+!3".!7**%!"7#*!'$!'"#/!'$!3*4!"7$-'! ('! '$!<(%.!$-'!"7$-'!3*4!5$44$25F! +!2(53!53*!<*#'!53*!,$-#.!3"8*!'$#.!-5!"7$-'!'3*!4"0*!"%.!3*4!7"71!23*%!2*!2*4*!$#.*4!"%.!)$4*!2$4#.#19!S%$2(%&!3*4!0"(%6!+!2$-#.!3"8*!#(/*.!'$!7*!"7#*!'$!'*##!3*4!'3"'!+!#$8*.!3*4!*8*%!)$4*9!

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

?1!)$'3*4!'*##5!)*!'3"'!53*!2"%'5!)*!'$9!

Anna Dorrington lives in northern New South Wales, and last year completed an honours degree in visual arts at Southern Cross University. For it she created an installation using the tools of print, 3D, assemblage and video to address the emotional highs and lows of getting to know her mother again.

ANNA DORRINGTON: My mother and me 107

ESSAY

Beyond truth and justice The path to healing

Maria Tumarkin

AT !"#$%&'#()*$+%$,"-*#./$0#'#()*$1-'+2"#!3$-'$4#2#56#($78893$:()'2-/2+$,&);();+$1()!/$/!++;$%+($"+&(/$-'$)$<&#&#$+%$=(-#>-'=$5+&('#(/?$@"#'$-!$A)/$"-/$!-5#$!+$/)B$=++;6B#3$"#$A)*C#;$&D$!+$!"#$2+%%-'$)';$/D)!$+'$!"#$=#'#()*./$/*+A*B$;#2+5D+/-'=$%)2#?$E'$A")!$/##5#;$)'$-'/!)'!3$!"#$2(+A;$/#!$&D+'$"-5?$@"+$C'+A/$A")!$A+&*;$")>#$")DD#'#;$-%$!"#$5-*-!)(B$D+*-2#$");$'+!$-'!#(>#'#;3$)';$/A-%!*BF$$

:()'2-/2+$ ,&);();+$ 1()!/3$ -!$ !&('#;$ +&!3$ A)/$ !"#$ =()';/+'$ +%$ 0#'#()*$ ,)(*+/$1()!/3$2+55)';#(G-'G2"-#%$+%$!"#$,"-*#)'$)(5B3$A"+$(#/-='#;$%(+5$"-/$D+/!$-'$HIJK$6&!$ '+!$ 6#%+(#$ "#)(!-*B$ (#2+55#';-'=$ "-/$ %(-#';3$ L&=&/!+$ 1-'+2"#!3$ )/$ )$(#D*)2#5#'!?$L%!#($!"#$5-*-!)(B$2+&D$+%$HH$M#D!#56#($HIJK3$,)(*+/$1()!/$A)/$%+(2#;$-'!+$#N-*#$-'$L(=#'!-')$)';$!"#'$6*+A'$&D$+'$)$O&#'+/$L-(#/$/!(##!$P$!+=#!"#($A-!"$"-/$A-%#3$)/$A)/$!"#$2&/!+5$!"#'$P$+'$!"#$;-(#2!$+(;#(/$+%$"-/$/&22#//+($)';$=++;$%(-#';?$@"#'$-!$")DD#'#;3$*-!!*#$:()'2-/2+$A)/$)6+&!$!+$/!)(!$/2"++*Q$)$%+(5)!->#$)=#3$B+&$5)B$/)B?$

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

U)!#($ -'$ !"#$ %&'#()*$ D(+2##;-'=/3$ -'$ )'$ &'/2"#;&*#;$ )DD#)()'2#$ ;#%B-'=$5-*-!)(B$ (#=&*)!-+'/$ V)$ 2)D!)-'$ -'$ !"#$ ,"-*#)'$ )(5B$ -/$ %+(6-;;#'$ %(+5$ 5)C-'=$D+*-!-2)*$/!)!#5#'!/$A"-*#$-'$&'-%+(5W3$,)D!)-'$L&=&/!+$1-'+2"#!$S+*-')$6&(/!$-'!+$ )$ /D##2"$ ;#%#';-'=$ "-/$ =()';%)!"#(./$ "+'+&($ )';$ *#=)2BQ$ XY#$ A)/$ )$ 5)'$A"+$)!$!"#$"#-="!$+%$!"#$,+*;$@)($;#%#)!#;$!"#$S)(N-/!$5+;#*3$A"-2"!!(-#;$!+$-5D+/#$-!/$!+!)*-!)(-)'$5+;#*$'+!$6B$>+!#3$6&!$5+(#$;-(#2!*B$6B$%+(2#$+%$)(5/?.$$


L!$!"#$%&'#()*$!"#$2(+A;$D)(!#;$%+($1-'+2"#!./$=()';/+'3$6&!$*)!#($!")!$A##C$"#$A)/$#ND#**#;$%(+5$!"#$)(5B?$M"+(!*B$)%!#(3$!"+&/)';/$+%$/2)5$#5)-*/$2*)-5-'=$!+$6#$A(-!!#'$6B$1-'+2"#!./$=()';/+'$A#(#$/#'!$)(+&';$!"#$A+(*;Q$XE$)5$'+A$6#-'=$;-/5-//#;$%(+5$!"#$,"-*#)'$)(5BZ)';$!"#B$A)'!$!+$2+**#2!$+&($%)5-*B$%+(!&'#$%(+5$5#?$E$'##;$B+&($"#*D$!+$!)C#$2)(#$+%$!"-/$5+'#B?.!@")!#>#($B+&$/)B3$!"#/#!=&B/$)(#$+'$!"#$6)**?$

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

4+(%5)'3$A"+$/&(>->#;$!"#$2+&D$V5-()2&*+&/*B3$"#$6#*-#>#/W$)';$%*#;$!+$!"#$_M3$A)-!#;$)$*+'=$!-5#$%+($1-'+2"#!$!+$6#$6(+&="!$!+$\&/!-2#?$R+$"-53$)';$!+$2+&'!*#//$+!"#(/$ -'$,"-*#$)';$)2(+//$ !"#$A+(*;3$1-'+2"#!./$;#)!"$6(+&="!$'+$(#*-#%?$,+5-'=$6#%+(#$1-'+2"#!$A)/$2+'>-2!#;$%+($"&5)'$(-="!/$)6&/#/3$-!$%#*!$)2&!#*B$*-C#$)$;#%#)!3$)$D)-'%&*$ 5-/2)((-)=#$ +%$ \&/!-2#?$ XO+!"$ /&DD+(!#(/$ )';$ +DD+'#'!/$ +%$ 1-'+2"#!$ ");$(#)/+'/$ !+$ A-/"$ "#$ A)/$ /!-**$ )*->#3.$ '+!#;$ `+')!")'$ :()'C*-'$ -'$ "#$! %&'()*'+?$M&DD+(!#(/$ A)'!#;$ 1-'+2"#!$ !+$ 6#$ -55+(!)*?$ ]DD+'#'!/$ A)'!#;$ "-5$ !+$ 6#$ "#*;$)22+&'!)6*#$%+($"-/$2(-5#/3$%+($\&/!-2#$!+$6#)!$5+(!)*-!B$!+$!"#$D&'2"?$$

$A FEW YEARS$)%!#($L&=&/!+$1-'+2"#!$S+*-')$(+/#$!+$"-/$%##!$)!$"-/$=()';%)!"#(./$%&'#()*3$!"#$=()';/+'$+%$)'+!"#($;#);$=#'#()*$P$+%$)$;#);$0#'#()*-//-5&/3$-'$%)2!$P$A)/$/&-'=$%+($;#%)5)!-+'?$a#>=#'B$4b"&=)/">-*-3$M!)*-'./$=()';/+'3$A)/$2*)-5-'=$!")!$!"#$[&//-)'$'#A/D)D#(!,-.'/'!%'0$1'$V%+($A"-2"$!"#$5&(;#(#;$\+&(')*-/!$L'')$1+*-!C+>/CB)$ ");$ A+(C#;W$ /"+&*;$ 6#$ "#*;$ )22+&'!)6*#$ %+($ -!/$ 2*)-5/$ !")!$ "-/$=()';%)!"#($ A)/$ )$ 5)//$ 5&(;#(#(?$ a#>=#'B$ 4b"&=)/">-*-$ !+*;$ \+&(')*-/!/$ "#$ %#*!$2+5D#**#;$ !+$ -'!#(>#'#$ 6#2)&/#$ "-/$ =()';%)!"#($ V'+!$ &'*-C#$ !"#$ =()';%)!"#($ +%$L&=&/!+$ 1-'+2"#!$ S+*-')W$ 2+&*;$ '+!$ X;#%#';$ "-5/#*%$ %(+5$ "-/$ =()>#.?$ E'$ ,)D!)-'$S+*-')./$ /D##2"$ )!$ "-/$ =()';%)!"#(./$ %&'#()*3$ "#$ *)&;#;$ "-/$ =()';%)!"#(./$ >-2!+(B$+>#($ !"#$ S)(N-/!$ !+!)*-!)(-)'-/5$ +%$ !"#$ C-';$ a#>=#'B$ 4b"&=)/">-*-./$ =()';%)!"#($");$ !)C#'$ !+$ -!/$ )D+!"#+/-/3$ B#!$ /+5#"+A3$ !A+$ =#'#()!-+'/$ ;+A'3$ L&=&/!+$ )';$a#>=#'B$%+&';$!"#5/#*>#/$+'$!"#$/)5#$/-;#$+%$!"#$6)((-2);#/?$$

R+;)B$!"#(#$#N-/!/$)$2&(-+&/$D(#D+';#()'2#$+%$(#'#=);#$=()';/+'/$+%$!"#$;#);$;-2!)!+(/$ V=()';;)&="!#(/$ )(#$ )*/+$ !"#(#$ 6&!$ '+!$ <&-!#$ -'$ %+(2#3$ -!$ /##5/W?$ R"#$=()';/+'$+%$!"#$MD)'-/"$;-2!)!+($0#'#()*$:()'2+$A)/$(#2#'!*B$-'$!"#$'#A/3$)22&/#;$+%$D&**-'=$+&!$)$(#>+*>#($)';$%-(-'=$%+&($/"+!/$)!$)'+!"#($;(->#($)!$)$(+&';)6+&!$'#)($S);(-;?$ S&//+*-'-./$ =()';/+'$ -/$ )*/+$ +&!$ !"#(#3$ /!-**$ *++C-'=$ %+($ !"#$ #*&/->#$ !(&!"$)6+&!$!"#$2-(2&5/!)'2#/$+%$"-/$=()';%)!"#(./$;#)!"3$-'$HIcd?$$

MARIA TUMARKIN: Beyond truth and justice 109

e>#'$ !"+&="$ !"#$ !A#'!-#!"G2#'!&(B$ ;-2!)!+(/$ 5)B$ /##5$ *-C#$ ="+/!/$ !+$ &/$ '+A3$%)(2-2)*$5+(#$!")'$;)'=#(+&/3$/");+AB$5+(#$!")'$(#)*3$!"#-($=()';/+'/$D+-'!$!+$)$D#2&*-)($"-/!+(-2)*$2+';-!-+'$+%$+&($!-5#?$]&(/$-/$)$A+(*;$A"#(#$!"#$&'()>#**-'=$+%$!A#'!-#!"G2#'!&(B$!+!)*-!)(-)'$(#=-5#/$-'$e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

$DECEMBER 2010 MARKED$ !"#$#';$+%$5B$!"(##GB#)($(#/#)(2"$%#**+A/"-D$A-!"$!"#$M+2-)*$S#5+(B$'+)$Y-/!+(-2)*$`&/!-2#$D(+\#2!$)!$MA-'6&('#$_'->#(/-!B$V!"#$-!)*-2/$)(#$ 5-'#W?$ @"#'$ E$ %-(/!$ \+-'#;$ !"#$ D(+\#2!3$ )!$ !"#$ #';$ +%$ 788J3$ !")!$ 2+G+(;-')!-'=$2+'\&'2!-+'$ -'$ !"#$D(+\#2!./$ !-!*#$ %#*!$2+5%+(!)6*B$/#*%G#>-;#'!$ !+$5#?$]%$2+&(/#$ !"#$!A+$ P$ S#5+(B$ )';$ `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

E!$)**$/##5#;$D(#!!B$+6>-+&/$!+$5#?$

L';$-%3$)!$!"#$/!)(!$+%$!"-/$D(+\#2!3$E$A)/$*++C-'=$%+($!#'/-+'/$)';$2+5D*-2)!-+'/$-'$ !")!$ /B56-+!-2$ (#*)!-+'/"-D$ 6#!A##'$ S#5+(B$ )';$ `&/!-2#3$ !"#'$ S#5+(B3$ !"#$/+2-)**B$/")(#;$)';$D&6*-2*B$5)'-%#/!$C-';3$/!(&2C$5#$P$)=)-'3$<&-!#$/#*%G#>-;#'!*B3$E$ !"+&="!$ P$ )/$ 6#-'=$ !"#$ A-*;2)(;?$ S#5+(B$ A)/$ !"#$ >+*)!-*#$ )';$ &'D(#;-2!)6*#$D)(!'#(3$!"#$+'#$!")!3$-%$'+!$C#D!$-'$2"#2C3$2+&*;$6#$;-%%-2&*!$)';$;->-/->#?$`&/!-2#$P$6+!"$(#/!+()!->#3$%+2&/#;$+'$!"#$'##;/$+%$>-2!-5/3$)';$(#!(-6&!->#3$%+2&/#;$+'$!"#$D&'-/"5#'!$ +%$ D#(D#!()!+(/$ P$ A)/$ !"#$ 5)!&(#$ +'#3$ "+*;-'=$ !"#$ (#*)!-+'/"-D$!+=#!"#(3$ /!##(-'=$ -!$ !"(+&="$ !"#$ (+&="$ A)!#(/?$ Y+A#>#($ ;-%%-2&*!$ -!$ 5-="!$ 6#$ !+$;#%-'#$)';$#'%+(2#3$#/D#2-)**B$A"#'$;#)*-'=$A-!"$"-/!+(-2)*$-'\&/!-2#/$)';$A(+'=/3$`&/!-2#$*++C#;$*-C#$)'$&')56-=&+&/3$!"#+(-/)6*#$=++;?$E!$A)/$!+$6#$);5-'-/!#(#;$/!#('*B3$*-C#$5#;-2-'#?$R"#$D)!-#'!$5)B$=)=$)!$!"#$/!)(!3$6&!$/++'#($+($*)!#($/"#$A)/$6+&';$!+$=#!$6#!!#(?$


E$");$'+!$B#!$2+5#$)2(+//$4+(%5)'./$(#%*#2!-+'/$+'$1-'+2"#!./$%&'#()*3$)';$/+$;-;$'+!$")>#$-'$5B$5-';$!"#$-5)=#$+%$!A+$=()';/+'/$)!$)$%&'#()*$V/D#2!)2&*)(3$6&!$6B$'+$5#)'/$&'-<&#$!+$,"-*#WT$'+($;-;$E$")>#$)'$-'C*-'=$!")!$!"(##$B#)(/$*)!#($E$A+&*;$2+5#$!+$ /##$ `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

L';$/+3$!"(##$B#)(/$*)!#(3$E$2)5#$!+$/##$!"#$;-/\&'2!-+'$X+(.$)/$)$5+(#$)22&()!#$)';$"+'#/!$ ;#/2(-D!+($ +%$ !"#$ (#*)!-+'/"-D$ 6#!A##'$ S#5+(B$ )';$ `&/!-2#$ V)';3$ -'$ %)2!3$6#!A##'$S#5+(B3$`&/!-2#3$R(&!"$)';$[#2+'2-*-)!-+'W?$E'$!(&!"$2+55-//-+'/$-'$M+&!"$L%(-2)3$ ,"-*#3$ e*$ M)*>);+(3$ L(=#'!-')$ )';$ _=)';)3$ )5'#/!B$ P$ /+5#!-5#/$ *-5-!#;3$/+5#!-5#/$&'*-5-!#;$P$A)/$+%%#(#;$!+$D#(D#!()!+(/$-'$#N2")'=#$%+($!"#-($!#/!-5+'-#/?$R(&!"$ A)/$ !();#;$ %+($ `&/!-2#?$ R"#$ 5+/!$ %)5+&/$ +%$ !"#/#$ 2+55-//-+'/3$ -'$ M+&!"$L%(-2)3$D(+5-/#;$)5'#/!B$!+$-';->-;&)*/$=&-*!B$+%$X=(+//$>-+*)!-+'/$+%$"&5)'$(-="!/.3$A"+$+%%#(#;$%&**$;-/2*+/&(#$+%$!"#-($)2!/$)';$A"+/#$+%%#'2#/$A#(#$;##5#;$D+*-!-2)**B$5+!->)!#;?$$

`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f;#)*-'=$ A-!"$ !"#$ D)/!g$ !")!$ A-**$ /&/!)-'$D+*-!-2)*$ /#!!*#5#'!.?$ R"#$ D)/!$ P$ !"#$ !(&!"/$ -!$ 5)B$ B-#*;3$ !"#$ %+(5/$ +%$)2C'+A*#;=5#'!$)';$(#;(#//$-!$5)B$;#5)';3$!"#$5#5+(-#/$-!$2+&*;$5+6-*-/#$P$-/$5)')=#;3$C#D!$-'$2"#2C3$-'$!"#$')5#$+%$)$D+*-!-2)**B$/&/!)-')6*#$%&!&(#?$$

M!-**3$ !"#$ ;-/\&'2!-+'$ X+(.$ /!();;*-'=$ !"#$ /D)2#$ 6#!A##'$ `&/!-2#3$ R(&!"3$S#5+(B3$ [#2+'2-*-)!-+'$ ;+#/$ '+!$ )*A)B/$ /!)';$ %+($ )'$ #*)6+()!#$ D+*-!-2)*$2+5D(+5-/#T$ \&/!$)/$+%!#'3$ -!$ /D#)C/$+%$ !"#$2+5D*#N-!B$+%$+&($ -';->-;&)*$)';$+&($/+2-#!B./$'##;/$-'$!"#$)%!#(5)!"$+%$>-+*#'2#?$M+5#!-5#/3$%+($-'/!)'2#3$!"#$)2C'+A*#;=5#'!$+%$!(&!"$5)B$6#$A+(!"$5+(#$!+$!"+/#$A"+$/&%%#(#;$!")'$!"#$#'%+(2#5#'!$+%$(#!(-6&!->#$\&/!-2#?$U)A(#'2#$@#/2"*#(./$2!3*('45$6!'!7+*.$(8$9!:$115*+;! 244-&+18! <*1#! "-(1&($(8$ VHII8W$ #N)5-'#/$ !"#$ )%!#(5)!"$ +%$ *)(=#G/2)*#$>-+*#'2#$-'$O()b-*$)';$_(&=&)B?$Y#$%+&';$!")!$-%$)'B!"-'=$!"#$;#/-(#$%+($!(&!"$-/$+%!#'$5+(#$&(=#'!*B$%#*!$6B$!"#$>-2!-5/$+%$!+(!&(#$!")'$!"#$;#/-(#$%+($\&/!-2#?$1#+D*#$ ;+'.!$ '#2#//)(-*B$ -'/-/!$ !")!$ %+(5#($ !+(!&(#(/$ =+$ !+$ \)-*$ P$ !"#(#./$ 6##'$#'+&="$\)-*$P$6&!$!"#B$;+$A)'!$!+$/##$!"#$!(&!"$#/!)6*-/"#;$)';$#ND+/#;?$

L!$!"#$/)5#$!-5#3$D&6*-2$)2C'+A*#;=5#'!$+%$;-(!B$!(&!"/$!")!$&D$!+$!")!$D+-'!$


A#(#$ )'$ X+D#'$ /#2(#!.$ P$ C'+A'$ !+$ #>#(B+'#3$ 6&!$ D&6*-2*B$ &'/)B)6*#$ P$ )';$ !"#$2)/2);-'=$ #%%#2!/$ +%$ !"-/$ )2C'+A*#;=5#'!$ 5)B$ %&'2!-+'$ )/$ )$ %+(5$ +%$ (#/!+()!->#$\&/!-2#?$ @"-*#$ !"#$ /#)(2"$ %+($ %+(5/$ +%$ \&/!-2#$ !")!$ 2+&*;$ D(+>#$ #';&(-'=$ )';$5#)'-'=%&*$)2(+//$=#'#()!-+'/$A-**$2+'!-'&#3$)/$-!$5&/!$V)';$/+$A-**$!"+/#$*-%#G)';G;#)!"$;#6)!#/$)6+&!$!"#$D+*-!-2/$+%$(#=(#!$)';$(#;(#//W3$!"#(#$)(#$!"-'=/$!")!$A#$C'+A$)*(#);B?$ @#$ C'+A$ !")!$ S#5+(B3$ `&/!-2#3$ R(&!"3$ [#2+'2-*-)!-+'$ ;+$ '+!$ )**$ 2+G#N-/!$6*-//%&**B$-'$+'#$/")(#;$5#!)G%-#*;3$D)(!$)';$D)(2#*$+%$!"#$/)5#$'+6*#$D(+\#2!/$)';$#';#)>+&(/?$1#(")D/$-!$-/$!-5#$A#$D)&/#;3$)';$/!+DD#;$A)>-'=$!"#5$)(+&';$*-C#$]*B5D-2$%*)=/?$

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

E'$=-&+1(/!->!3/!:?&55$ V[)';+5$Y+&/#3$HIIhW3$A"-2"$2"(+'-2*#;$M+&!"$L%(-2)./$R(&!"$ )';$ [#2+'2-*-)!-+'$ ,+55-//-+'3$ L'!\-#$i(+=$ %)5+&/*B$ A(+!#3$ XE!$ ;+#/'.!$5)!!#($A")!$A#$;+?$@")!$4#$i*#(C$;+#/?$_'!-*$!"#$!"-(;$)';$!"#$%+&(!"$=#'#()!-+'.$P$-'$+!"#($A+(;/3$&'!-*$!"#$*->-'=$5#5+(B$-/$'+$5+(#?$@#$5)B$)=(##$+($;-/)=(##$A-!"$4+(%5)'$ )';$ i(+=3$ 6&!$ !"#(#$ -/$ )$ D(+%+&';$ D+-'!$ -'$ A")!$ !"#B$ )(#$ /)B-'=$ !")!$/"+&*;$ '+!$ 6#$ 5-//#;?$ R"#$ -((#2+'2-*)6-*-!B$ +%$ 5#5+(-#/$ )';$ #ND#(-#'2#/$ -'$ D+/!G=#'+2-;)*$)';$D+/!G!+!)*-!)(-)'$/+2-#!-#/$2)'3$!"#B$!#**$&/3$+'*B$6#$A)-!#;$+&!?$E%$A#$)(#$"+'#/!$A-!"$+&(/#*>#/3$A#$2)'$+'*B$2+&'!$+'$!-5#?$

2! "*@$! >-(! A&81*4$B! 2! "*@$! >-(! C$4-+4*5*'1*-+?$ @#$ )(#3$ &';#(/!)';)6*B3$ -'$ )$"&((B?$@#$A)'!$\&/!-2#$!+$6#$;+'#$)/$<&-2C*B$)/$"&5)'*B$D+//-6*#?$@#$A)'!$!+$/!(->#$ %+($ (#2+'2-*-)!-+'$ %#>#(-/"*B3$ !-(#*#//*B3$ /-'=*#G5-';#;*B?$ O&!$ )(#$ A#$(&/"-'=$!++$5&2"F$L(#$A#$%+(2-'=$!"#$-//&#$-'$A)B/$!")!$-'%*-2!$'#A$-'\&(-#/$+'$


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

E'$)$D+/!2+*+'-)*$')!-+'$/&2"$)/$L&/!()*-)3$A"#(#$!"#$-'!#(=#'#()!-+')*$/!(&2!&(#/$+%$>-+*#'2#$)';$ -'\&/!-2#$)(#$D)(!-2&*)(*B$D(+'+&'2#;$)';$A"#(#$ !"#(#$ -/$'+$2*#)($X6#%+(#.$)';$X)%!#(.$+%$2+*+'-/)!-+'3$!"#$<&#/!-+'$+%$!-5#$-/$D)(!-2&*)(*B$(#*#>)'!$V!"#$/#2+';G$+($!"-(;G=#'#()!-+'$;#/2#';)'!/$+%$!"#$M!+*#'$0#'#()!-+'3$%+($-'/!)'2#3$2)'$2*)-5$!+$6#$/&(>->+(/$-'$!"#-($+A'$(-="!W?$R"#$D"-*+/+D"#($`)'')$R"+5D/+'$!#**/$&/$!")!$ E';-=#'+&/$ L&/!()*-)'/$ 2)''+!$ /-5D*B$ 6#$ (#=)(;#;$ )/$ )'+!"#($ 2)!#=+(B$ +%$;-/);>)'!)=#;$)';$5)(=-')*-/#;$2-!-b#'/?$R"#$"-/!+(-23$ -'!#(=#'#()!-+')*$')!&(#$+%$!"#$ -'\&/!-2#/$ 2+55-!!#;$ )=)-'/!$ !"#5$ -/$ 2#'!()*$ !+$ -5)=-'-'=$ )';$ D&!!-'=$ -'!+$D()2!-/#$5#)'-'=%&*$%+(5/$+%$(#;(#//?$$

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

L$ =(#)!$ ;#)*$ +%$ 2+'!#5D+()(B$ !"-'C-'=$ )6+&!$ \&/!-2#$ ")/$ %+2&/#;$ #-!"#($ +'$ !"#$-'/!-!&!-+'/$ +%$ !"#$ /!)!#$ V!(&!"$ )';$ (#2+'2-*-)!-+'$ 2+55-//-+'/3$ (#D)()!-+'/3$ 2+&(!/3$5+'&5#'!/$ )';$ )''->#(/)(-#/3$ )D+*+=-#/3$ /2"++*$ !#N!6++C/W$ +($ +'$ >)(-+&/$ =(+&D/$


V>-2!-5/3$D#(D#!()!+(/3$A-!'#//#/W?$a#!3$-%$A#$%+**+A$L(-#*$4+(%5)'3$A#$A-**$/!&56*#$+'$)$/-5D*#$!(&!"Q$%)5-*B$-/$A"#(#$A#$'##;$!+$*++C$-%$A#$)(#$!+$&';#(/!)';$!"#$*+'=G!#(5$*#=)2B$+%$!+!)*-!)(-)'-/5$)';$2+*+'-)*-/53$-%$A#$)(#$!+$!"#+(-/#$D+//-6-*-!-#/$+%$\&/!-2#3$5#5+(B$)';$(#2+'2-*-)!-+'$-'$D+/!G!+!)*-!)(-)'$)';$D+/!2+*+'-)*$/+2-#!-#/?$

R"-/$ -/$ A")!$ ")DD#'#;$ -'$ 0#(5)'B$ )%!#($ @+(*;$ @)($ EE?$ R"#(#3$ +>#($ !-5#3$ !"#$-'!#'/#$ ;#6)!#/$ )6+&!$ -'!#(=#'#()!-+')*$ 2+5D*-2-!B$ )';$ =&-*!$ (#/&*!#;$ -'$ A")!$e*-b)6#!"$Y++C$2)**/$!"#$X(#*+2)!-+'.$+%$<&#/!-+'/$+%$(#/D+'/-6-*-!B$%(+5$X!"#$*)(=#($')!-+')*$)';$D+*-!-2)*$)(#')$!+$!"#$-'!-5)!#$(#*)!-+'/"-D/$6#!A##'$D)(#'!/$)';$!"#-($2"-*;(#'.?$ R"-'C-'=$ +%$ )$ %)5-*B$ )/$ )$ 6)/-2$ -'!#(=#'#()!-+')*$ &'-!$ +%$ /+2-)*3$2+55&'-2)6*#$ 5#5+(B$ 2)'$ )*/+$ (#5-';$ &/$ !")!$ /+2-)*$ 5#5+(B$ -/$ '+!$ /+5#$6*++;*#//3$)6/!()2!$2)!#=+(B?$E!$-/$'+!$)$/#!$+%$2+5D#!-'=$)';$-;#+*+=-2)**B$-'%*#2!#;$')(()!->#/$)6+&!$+&($')!-+'./$D)/!?$S#5+(B$*-C#$!"-/$2+5#/$!+$&/$2")(=#;$A-!"$)'=#($)';$=&-*!3$/!&'=$A-!"$/")5#3$/");+A#;$6B$=(-#%3$/")D#;$6B$*+B)*!B$)';$*+>#?$@#$5&/!$ 5)C#$ (++5$ -'$ +&($ D&6*-2$ /D"#(#3$ )';$ -'$ +&($ ;#6)!#/$ )6+&!$ \&/!-2#3$ %+($#>#(B!"-'=$!"-/$5#5+(B$6(-'=/$A-!"$-!?$

Maria Tumarkin was born in the former Soviet Union and migrated with her Russian-Jewish family to Australia in 1989. She lives in Melbourne with her two children, and is the author of Traumascapes (2005), Courage (2007) and Otherland (2010), all published by MUP. Her previous Griffith REVIEW pieces are ‘Life in translation’ and ‘From an unconscious state’.


MEMOIR

Nine-eleven-itis Crossing the borders of belonging

Shakira Hussein

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

C#'06#9@!.!2,2"G$!$6,"4!+#-!

.!(6#"02!8/,0"2+!5"2!)#**05>&0+@!9#40!$60'!&(!5"2!+5,2@!DJ&/"!#"!$60!$0*0?,+,#"-G!:DI6,)6! )65""0*<G! DH**! #8! $60'PG=!I0! )5*)&*5$02! $60! 25$0! ,"!H'0/,)5@!9#"20/,">!960$60/! ,$! 95+! +,>",8,)5"$-! C0($0'10/! QQ@! QQRS-! B;! )#**05>&0! $/5"+*5$02! ,$! ,"$#!H'0/,)5"!7!SRQQ@!$60!0'0/>0");!"&'10/-!!

H"2!+#!90!)/#++02!$60!1#/20/!,"$#!$60!(#+$ASRQQ!0/5@!5*$6#&>6!,$!$##4!5!96,*0!8#/!$60! (6/5+0! $#! )#'0! ,"$#! ),/)&*5$,#"@! 5"2! *#">0/! +$,**! $#! "5'0! $60! 5((/060"+,?0@!6;(0/A?,>,*5"$!+$5$0!#8!',"2!$65$!65+!)65/5)$0/,+02!$60!(5+$!20)520T!","0A0*0?0"A,$,+-!

!SOMETIME DURING A!8*,>6$!$#!F56#/0!5$!$60!0"2!#8!C0($0'10/!UVVQ@!.!90"$!8/#'!10,">!65*8AW54,+$5",!$#!10,">!65*8A96,$0-!.!80*$!$60!$/5"+,$,#"!5+!.!+*,2!10$900"!+0*?0+@!5!+6,8$! ,"! >05/! '5/402! 1;! $60! )65">0! ,"! $60! (/#"&"),5$,#"! #8! ';! "5'0-! X">*,+6A+(0540/+!$0"2!$#!(*5)0!$60!0'(65+,+!#"!$60!+0)#"2!+;**51*0Y!W54,+$5",+!+$/0++!$60!8,/+$@!%&+$!+*,>6$*;-!C65A400A/5Y!C656A4,/5-!I,$6!5!65*8A)5+$0G+!8*0L,1,*,$;@!.!&+0!1#$6!?0/+,#"+!';+0*8-!!

I0!5/0!"#$!+&((#+02!$#!800*!)#'8#/$51*0!9,$6!+&)6!+*,((0/;!,20"$,$,0+@!1&$!.!65?0!"0?0/!',"202-! .! *,40! $60!2&5*,$;@! $60!"#$AZ&,$0A8,$$,">A,"@!"#!'5$$0/!960/0! .!5'-! .$!60*(+! '0! $#! +00! $6,">+! 8/#'! 5! 2,880/0"$! (0/+(0)$,?0@! 5"2! '540+! '0! )5/08&*-! .$!

SHAKIRA HUSSEIN: Nine-eleven-itis 115

0L)*&20+!'0! 8/#'! )#**0)$,?0! (*&/5*+@! 5"2! 8/#'! )0/$5,"$;-!B;! +4,"! )65">0+! +6520!5))#/2,">!$#!$60!#"*##40/-!H">*#AH&+$/5*,5"!8/,0"2+!5"2!85',*;!>,?0!'0!JA+6,/$+!5"2!2/0++0+! ,"! (5+$0*! +6520+! #8! (5*0! (,"4! #/! 5(/,)#$! $#! +&,$! ';! 25/4! )#'(*0L,#"Y!W54,+$5",+!>,?0!'0!"#$%&$'!($)**+!,"!5!1&/"$!#/5">0!$65$!*##4+!>##2!9,$6!85,/!+4,"-!.!*,40! $60! /5">0! #8!';!95/2/#10! 5"2! .! *,40!';! +4,"@!9,$6! ,$+!'#">/0*! )5(5),$;! $#!*,>6$0"!#/!25/40"!5))#/2,">!$#!$60!)#'(5";!.!400(-!!

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

J60/0! 90/0! '#/0! )#")/0$0! 805/+@! $##T! 20+$/&)$,#"! 8/#'! $60! )#',">! 95/@!5&$6#/,$5/,5"!(#*,$,)+!$65$!8,"2!%&+$,8,)5$,#"!5',2!$60!/&,"+!5"2!$60!>/,08-!."!$60!25;+!108#/0!.!*08$!H&+$/5*,5!8#/!W54,+$5"@!';!',"2!95+!5!%&'1*0!#8!,'5>0+-!J60!>*05',">!1&,*2,">+!(,0/)02!1;!$60!5,/)/58$@!5"!,'5>0!#"!(0/'5"0"$!*##(!,"!$60!)#**0)$,?0! )#"+),#&+"0++@! 1&$! 5*+#! 5!20*,)5$0A1#"02!H8>65"!>,/*! )/;,">! 8#/! 60/!'#$60/!+$,**!$/5((02!,"!H8>65",+$5"@!95,$,">!8#/!5"#$60/!/#&"2!#8!1#'1,">-!

C#!'&)6!5*/052;!*#+$@!+#!'&)6!'#/0!+$,**!$#!*#+0-!

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


_5?02!95+!5! %#&/"5*,+$!#"!#"0!#8!W54,+$5"G+!'5%#/!X">*,+6A*5">&5>0!25,*,0+@!1&$!6,+!+5*5/;!)#&*2"G$!(/#?,20!6,'!9,$6!$60!*,80+$;*0!60!80*$!95+!5((/#(/,5$0!$#!6,+!+#),5*!(#+,$,#"-!C#@!>/,``*,">!*,40!5!+(#,*02!$#22*0/@!60!5**#902!6,'+0*8!$#!10!+)#*202!,"$#!'5$/,'#";-!!

C,")0! $60"@! _5?02! 5"2! .! 652! 5>/002! $#! 400(! #&/! /0*5$,#"+6,(! 8/,0"2*;! 1&$!(/#80++,#"5*-!J6,+!5>/00'0"$!95+!"#$!/#)4A+#*,2!7!';!0'5,*!5""#&"),">!';!"0L$!?,+,$!652!100"!605202!D9/,$,">!5+!5!)#**05>&0!#"*;G@!96,*0!6,+!/0(*;!95+!$,$*02!Da!b!+$,**!';! *,$$*0!(/,")0++G-! .G2!1#&>6$!6,'!5!9022,">!(/0+0"$! 5$! C;2"0;!H,/(#/$@! 5"!5*5/'!)*#)4!)*&$)602!,"!$60!5/'+!#8!5"!5">/;!(*5+$,)!4#5*5-!.!2,2"G$!$6,"4!,$!95+!#(0"!$#!+0"$,'0"$5*!,"$0/(/0$5$,#"@!5"2!5";95;@!,$!95+!#"!+5*0-!!

.$!',>6$! 65?0! 100"!'#/0! (/&20"$! "#$! $#! )#"$5)$! _5?02@! 1&$! .G2! 100"! $#*2! $65$!,")#',">!(5++0">0/+!90/0!65?,">!5!2,88,)&*$!$,'0!9,$6!,'',>/5$,#"@!5"2!*,40!'#+$!',22*0A)*5++! W54,+$5",+! _5?02! 95+! 520($! 5$! $60! $6/05$+@! 1/,10+! 5"2! /5"4A(&**,">!/0Z&,/02!960"!205*,">!9,$6!#88,),5*+-!I,$6!6,'!$#!+'##$6!$60!95;@!.!95+!96,+402!+$/5,>6$!$6/#&>6@!5!(#/$0/!5$!';!+,20!$#!)5/$!';!*&>>5>0!$#!_5?02G+!15$$0/02!*,$$*0!)5/-!

.!65"202!_5?02!$60!>,8$A9/5((02!4#5*5!)*#)4-!!

DI6;!65?0!;#&!1#&>6$!'0!5!(/0+0"$<G!60!20'5"202@!65*8A5">/,*;@!5"2!$#++02!,$!,"$#!$60!15)4!+05$-!!

D.$G+!5!9022,">!(/0+0"$-G!!

DO#&!>,?0!'0!5!(/0+0"$@!1&$!"#$6,">!'#/0-!J#!$0**!;#&!$60!$/&$6@!'525'@!.!652!5!?0/;!$#//,2!$,'0!58$0/!;#&!*08$!*5+$!;05/-!J0"!96#*0!25;+!.!95+!,"!5>#";-G!

DJ0"!25;+<!O#&!'&+$!/05**;!65?0!)5/02!51#&$!'0-G!

DJ9#!9004+@!0?0"-G!

D.G'!+&/0!C5',"5!9,**!'540!;#&!5!'&)6!10$$0/!9,80!$65"!.!0?0/!)#&*2-!M#9!,+!+60<G!

DC5',"5!,+!90**@!.!+&((#+0-!.!65?0!"#$!+00"!60/!8#/!5!*#">!$,'0-!C60!,+!+$,**!*,?,">!9,$6!60/! 85',*;-!I0!9,**!"#$!10! *,?,">! $#>0$60/!&"$,*!"0L$!;05/-! .! 5'!"#$! *##4,">!8#/95/2!$#!,$-!C60!,+!5!>##2!>,/*@!1&$!$#!$0**!;#&!$60!$/&$6!.!65?0!"#!800*,">!8#/!60/-G!!

DJ65$G+!"#$!60/!85&*$-!O#&!+6#&*2"G$!65?0!'5//,02!60/!,8!;#&!90/0"G$!>#,">!$#!)5/0!51#&$!60/-G!!

D.!$#*2!;#&@!'525'-!.!95+!,"!+6#)4@!51+#*&$0*;-!I65$!)6#,)0!2,2!.!65?0<G!!

DO#&!)#&*2!65?0!*08$!6#'0-!O#&!65?0!5!%#1@!58$0/!5**-G!!

D.!)5"G$!*,?0!#"!$65$!'#"0;-!.!$0**!;#&@!';!95>0!(5;+!#"*;!8#/!';!),>5/0$$0+-G!!

H*/052;!#&/!/0*5$,#"+6,(!652!85**0"! ,"$#! ,$+!&+&5*!(5$$0/"! 7! _5?02!)#'(*5,",">@!'0!+)#*2,">-!I0!',>6$!5+!90**!65?0!100"!'5//,02-!!

D.!65?0!1##402!;#&!,"$#!5!?0/;!>##2!6#$0*-!J60!H',/-!J60;!65?0!5>/002!$#!5"!0L)0**0"$!/5$0@!65*8!$60,/!&+&5*!(/,)0-!.$!,+!,"!5!>##2!5/05@!"#$!*,40!$65$!+$&(,2!(*5)0!;#&!+$5;02!,"!*5+$!;05/-G!!


J6,+@! $##@!95+!5"!#*2!Z&5//0*-! .! *,402!#"0!#8! $60!)605(!6#$0*+!5*#">!$60!),"0'5!+$/,(!#"!H11#$$!b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

E&$!20)0"$!>,/*+!90/0"G$!+&((#+02!$#!+$5;!,"!6#$0*+!5*#"0-!_5?02!652!9#/"!#&$!$65$!5/>&'0"$!*5+$!;05/Y!$6,+!;05/!60!652!5!"09!*,"0-!

DO#&! )5"G$! +$5;! $60/0-! J60! (#*,)0! 5/0! )60)4,">! 5**! $6#+0! )605(! 6#$0*+! 8#/!8#/0,>"0/+-G!

D.! )5"G$! ,'5>,"0!96;-! .8! ,$G+! %#&/"5*,+$+! $60;G/0! *##4,">! 8#/@! $60;G**!10!+$5;,">! ,"!0L(0"+,?0!6#$0*+-G!

D.! 5'! $0**,">! ;#&@!'525'-! J6,">+! 5/0! 2,880/0"$! 60/0! "#9-! O#&!'&+$! 10!'#/0!)5/08&*-G!

.!>5?0!,"-!J60!H',/!652!5!85");!*#11;!5"2!*#$+!#8!&",8#/'02!10**1#;+@!1&$!$60!/##'!95+!"#!2,880/0"$! $#! $6#+0! ,"! $60! )605(! %#,"$@! 5"2! ,$! +'0**02!#8! ,"+0)$,),20-! .!2&'(02!';!+&,$)5+0!5"2!)65">02@!$60"!90"$!9,$6!_5?02!$#!6,+!"09+(5(0/!#88,)0-!.$!95+!58$0/!',2",>6$@!1&$!F56#/0!,+!5!"#)$&/"5*!),$;-!.!95+!$,/02@!;0$!.!95+!5*+#!400"!$#!$5*4!$#!(0#(*0@!$#!605/!965$!$60;!90/0!$6,"4,">-!

I0!652!5**!+$0((02!$6/#&>6!$60!*##4,">!>*5++!#"!C0($0'10/!QQ-!."!W54,+$5"@!%&+$!5+!,"!H&+$/5*,5@!(0#(*0!40($!+5;,">!$6,">+!$65$!+#&"202!1,`5//0@!#&$!#8!+;")6-!E5)4!,"!$60!)5/@!_5?02!$#*2!'0@!D38!)#&/+0!.!+&((#/$!3+5'5!1,"!F520"-!X?0/;#"0!60/0!2#0+-G!

.!',+$##4!$60!*&/)6!#8!+&//05*,+'!8#/!%0$*5>-!DC)&+0!'0<G!

DO0+@!96;!"#$<!H!+$/#">!*0520/@!+$5"2,">!&(!$#!H'0/,)5!5"2!5**-G!

.$!95+"G$!965$! .! 0L(0)$02! 8/#'! _5?02@! $60! *5`;@!25"2,8,02!(/,")0*,">!96#!652!25")02! $60! ",>6$! 595;! 5$! $60! W05/*! K#"$,"0"$5*G+!HEEH! $/,1&$0! 5! ;05/! 108#/0-! D.!$6#&>6$!;#&!65$02!$60!J5*,15"-G!

D.!2#!65$0!$60!J5*,15"-G!

DC#!6#9!2#0+!$65$!9#/4<!C&((#/$,">!1,"!F520"@!1&$!"#$!$60!J5*,15"<G!

DJ60!J5*,15"!5/0!H8>65"-G!

B#+$!#8!_5?02G+!)#**05>&0+!90/0!+$,**!,"!$60!#88,)0@!1&$!809!#8!$60'!90/0!5)$&5**;!9#/4,">-! .! 652! $5*402! $#! H&+$/5*,5"! %#&/"5*,+$+! +,")0! C0($0'10/! QQ! 96#! 90/0!(#90/02!1;!+600/!52/0"5*,"0-!I5/!80?0/!652!',>/5$02!8/#'!$60!/&,"02!$#90/+! ,"!N09!O#/4@!$6/#&>6!$60!,"$0/"0$!5"2!#?0/!+5$0**,$0+@! $#!>/,(!02,$#/+! ,"!C;2"0;!5"2!B0*1#&/"0-!.$!5)$02!*,40!+(002@!>,?,">!$60,/!0;0+!5!'5",)!>*05'!5"2!+65/(0",">!$60!5,/!5/#&"2!$60'-!


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

DI0!605/!51#&$!$60+0!$6,">+!60/0@!;#&!4"#9-!J60/0!,+!5!*#$!#8!+$/#">!800*,">!51#&$!,$-!J60/0!95+!5!'#+Z&0!1&/"02!2#9"!,"!H&+$/5*,5-G!!

DO0+@! $65$! 95+! ,"! E/,+15"0@! 960/0! ';! >/5"2'#$60/! *,?0+-! C#'0! B&+*,'!+)6##*)6,*2/0"!652!/&11,+6!$6/#9"!5$!$60'@!$##-!H"2!9#'0"!,"!#/3$4!65?0!100"!51&+02!1;!(0#(*0!#"!$60!+$/00$@!1&$!.!65?0"G$!652!5";!(/#1*0'+@!(0/+#"5**;-G!

DI0**@!.!+&((#+0!;#&!%&+$!905/!;#&/!%05"+!5"2!5**@!5"2!"#1#2;!)5"!$0**!965$!;#&!5/0-G!

D.!65?0"G$!100"!905/,">!%05"+-!.G?0!100"!'54,">!5!(#,"$!#8!905/,">!"#$%&$'!($)**+-!.!2#"G$!95"$!(0#(*0!$#!$6,"4!.G'!5+65'02!#8!';!15)4>/#&"2-G!

D5#$%&$'!($)**+<!."!$60+0!$,'0+<!H/0!;#&!)/5`;<G!

J60! #$60/+! 5>/002-! DB;!1/#$60/! ,+! +$&2;,">! ,"!F#"2#"-!M0! $#*2!&+! 60!2#0+"G$!$/5?0*!#"!$60!a"20/>/#&"2!5";'#/0-!M0!2#0+"G$!800*!+580!$60/0-!W0#(*0!+5,2!/5),+$!$6,">+!$#!6,'-G!

DH"2!,"!H'0/,)5@!$60/0!65?0!100"!+#!'5";!W54,+$5",+!5//0+$02!+,")0!C0($0'10/!QQ@!%&+$!+$&20"$+!5"2!?,+,$#/+@!"#$!$0//#/,+$+-G!

D.$G+!>0$$,">!$##!25">0/#&+!8#/!B&+*,'+!$#! *,?0! ,"! $60!I0+$-! .! $6,"4!;#&!+6#&*2!)#'0! 5"2! *,?0! 60/0-! O#&! )#&*2! 8,"2! 5! %#1! $05)6,">! ,"! 5! >,/*G+! +)6##*-! N#$! +#'0!/&11,+6!>#?0/"'0"$!(*5)0-!H!(#+6!+)6##*-!O#&!9#&*2!10!+580@!*,?,">!60/0-G!

C580$;! "#9! *5;! ,"! $60! 85',*,5/@! ,"! $60! 6#'0*5"2-!B;! 8/,0"2+! ,"!H&+$/5*,5!652!"#$!95"$02!'0!$#!>#!$#!W54,+$5"@!0,$60/-!J0//#/T!,$!/5"!$6/#&>6!$60!8,++&/0+!5"2!/5?,"0+!#8!,20"$,$;@!*05?,">!(0#(*0!)*,">,">!$#!$60,/!#9"!85',*,5/!/#)4+-!

H"2!.!95+!5!65*8A5"2A65*8!,"!W54,+$5"@!%&+$!5+!.!652!100"!,"!H&+$/5*,5-!.!95+!5*+#!5"!&"5))#'(5",02!9#'5"!96#!95"$02!$#!"#$!#"*;!/0?,+,$!$60!85',*,5/!*5"2+)5(0!#8!9#'0"G+!+(5)0!:D5&"$,0+!5"2!5)$,?,+'G@!.!(/,?5$0*;!)5**02!,$=!1&$!5*+#!)#'0!$#!>/,(+!9,$6!$60!6;(0/A'5+)&*,"0!'##2!#8!$60!"09!(#*,$,)5*!0/5-!J60!%#&/"5*,+$+!)#"+,20/02!';!+580$;-!

DC60!2#0+"G$!/05**;!*##4!8#/0,>"-G!!!!

DJ6#+0!85)0+!+60!(&**+!5/0!?0/;!W5"%51,-G!!


DH"2!5*95;+!9,$6!$60!678$11$-!N#!#"0!905/+!5!10$$0/!678$11$!$65"!C654,/5-G!

.! 5+402! 960$60/! $60! W54,+$5",! (/0++! 652! )#'0! &"20/! ,")/05+02! >#?0/"'0"$!(/0++&/0! +,")0! C0($0'10/! QQ-! H*$6#&>6! 5! ',*,$5/;! >#?0/"'0"$@! $60! B&+65//58!/0>,'0! 652! 5**#902! )#"+,20/51*;! '#/0! (/0++! 8/002#'! $65"! 652! ,$+! ),?,*,5"!(/020)0++#/-!!

DI60"!$6,+!>#?0/"'0"$!)5'0!$#!(#90/@!,$!'520!$60!1#&"25/,0+!)*05/!$#!&+!7!965$!90!)#&*2!5"2!)#&*2"G$!+5;-!I0!400(!$#!$6#+0!1#&"25/,0+@!5"2!90!65?0!"#!(/#1*0'!9,$6!$60'-G!

DC#!965$!5/0!$60!1#&"25/,0+<G!

3"0! #8! $60! ;#&">0/! +$588! *5&>602-! DO#&! 2#"G$! )/,$,),+0! $60! .C.PG! ."$0/AC0/?,)0+!."$0**,>0")0T!.C.-!J60!,",$,5*+!)#"%&/0!5!1*0"2!#8!';+$,Z&0!5"2!'0"5)0-!

DJ60/0!5/0!$,'0+!960"!;#&!2#"G$!0?0"!'0"$,#"!.C.PG!

D.C.!4"#9+!0?0/;$6,">-!X?0/;$6,">-!J60;!'540! $60!K.H@!BQc!5"2!5**! *##4! *,40!151,0+-!.8!7!,8!7!1,"!F520"!(*5""02!$6,+@!.C.!4"#9+-!E&$!.!9#&*2!"0?0/!+5;!$65$!$#!%&+$!5";#"0-!.!9#&*2!"0?0/!9/,$0!,$-G!

_5?02!$##4!'0!$6/#&>6!$#!'00$!$60!"09!02,$#/-!.$!95+!5"!0")#&"$0/!/0Z&,/,">!6,+!'#+$!2080/0"$,5*!'5""0/-! DC,/@G!60!(&//02@! D5"!H&+$/5*,5"! %#&/"5*,+$!96#!9,+60+!$#!$5*4!9,$6!;#&-G!

d#**#9,">! 6,+! *052@! .! $9,$)602! ';! 678$11$! ,"$#! (*5)0@! *#90/02! ';! 0;0+! 5"2!'&/'&/02!5!20'&/0!D9""$%$)7!$%$/(7)-G!

J60!02,$#/!>5?0!5!109,*20/02!1*,"4-!DJ6,+!,+!5"!H&+$/5*,5"!%#&/"5*,+$<!C60G+!'#/0!W54,+$5",!$65"!5!W54,+$5",P!C,$!2#9"@!+,$!2#9"-!_5?02@!>0$!$60!1#;!$#!1/,">!'#/0!$05-G!

M0!95+!5"!5',51*0!'5"@!6,+!X">*,+6!+'##$6!9,$6!$60!D0L)0**0"$!5))0"$G!+#!(/,`02!,"!$60!+&1)#"$,"0"$@!6,+!10**;!"0+$*02!#"!6,+!*5(!*,40!5!(0$-!J60!$0*0?,+,#"!,"!$60!)#/"0/!95+!$&"02!"#$!$#!$60!)#"+$5"$!KNN!&(25$0+!#"!D$60!)/,+,+G@!1&$!$#!$60!)/,)40$!10,">!(*5;02!#?0/+05+-!E0$900"!#?0/+@!60!>5?0!6,+!/052,">!#8!$60!(#*,$,)5*!)*,'5$0-!!

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

.$!95+!*,40!8,"2,">!$60!0;0!#8!$60!+$#/'-!.!*0$!';+0*8!10!+##$602!1;!$60!+)5*2,">!+900$! $05@!1;! $60!'0**#9!/,((*0!#8! $60! )/,)40$! )#''0"$5/;!5"2! $60!02,$#/G+! 05+;@!+#"#/#&+! )#"?0/+5$,#"-! XL65&+$,#"! 10>5"! $#! 8*##2! $6/#&>6!'0-! .! /0$&/"02! $#! $60!6#$0*@!5"2!+5"4!,"$#!102!5"2!+*00(-!J60!8*,$!#8!,"+0)$!*0>+!5)/#++!';!85)0!*,$!#"0!*5+$!+(5/4!#8!,//,$5$,#"!5$!_5?02-!J60!#$60/!6#$0*!652!100"!1&>A8/00-!


!I HAD NOT!5"$,),(5$02!8,"2,">!(*05+&/0!#"!$6,+!%#&/"0;-!.!652!100"!$##!2/,?0"!1;!$60!)#'(&*+,#"!+,'(*;!$#!10!$60/0@!$#!#1+0/?0!5"2!$#!9/,$0-!.!652!8#/>#$$0"!6#9!'&)6!.!*,402!F56#/0-!F##4,">!5$! $60! ),$;! 8/#'! $60!15)4!#8!5! /,)4+659! $60!"0L$!'#/",">@! .!/0'0'10/02-!.$!95+!5!%#;!$#!+00!$60!F56#/0!+$/00$+)5(0@!$60!/0*,)+!#8!$60!E/,$,+6!5"2!B&>65*! 0'(,/0+-!I0!(5++02! $60! )5""#"! $65$!e,(*,">!652!'520! 85'#&+!5+! De,'G+!>&"G!:&#*'*!#*!"$1:!/2!6*./$2;*!-.!)72/;/8$%!-'6*'":!$"1'/6*!1#*!<72!=$)!=$))$#=@!5"2!5!*,$$*0!8&/$60/!2#9"!$60!B5**!$60!'&+0&'!960/0!e,(*,">G+!85$60/!652!100"!)&/5$#/!:>-26*'!?-7"*:!$"!1#*!2$1/0*"!;$%%!1#*!@$#-'*!A7"*7)=-!J60!*59"'#90/!+(*&$$0/!#8!$60!/,)4+659G+!0">,"0!95+!*,40!5!+;'(6#";!$#!';!/,+,">!+(,/,$+-!.!652!$60!2/,?0/!+$#(!,"!5!+,20!+$/00$!*,"02!9,$6!8##2!+$5"2+!+#!.!)#&*2!)/5'!';!1#2;!9,$6!8*5?#&/-!B,")0!5"2!/#$,@!8/0+6*;!8/,02! <7%$4! 3$)72"! ,"! /#+0! +;/&(! 5"2! $60! +(0),5*! F56#/,! 8/&,$! +5*52@! 605?;! 9,$6!(#'0>/5"5$0!+002+!5"2!95*"&$+@!>*,$$0/,">!*,40!$/05+&/0-!

W54,+$5"!95+! 595+6!9,$6! $0+$#+$0/#"0! 5"2! )#"+(,/5);! $60#/,0+-! .$!95+!65/2! $#!8,"2!(0#(*0!96#!90/0!(/0(5/02! $#!10*,0?0! $65$! 1,"!F520"!#/! 5";!#$60/!B&+*,'+!90/0! /0+(#"+,1*0! 8#/! $60! 5$$5)4+! #"!N09!O#/4! 5"2!I5+6,">$#"-! .$!95+! $60!K.H-!K#*#'1,5"! 2/&>! *#/2+-! B#++52! 7! $60! +$#/;! #8! $60! 8#&/! $6#&+5"2! _09+! 96#!+&((#+02*;! 4"09! 10$$0/! $65"! $#! $&/"! &(! 8#/!9#/4! 5$! $60!IJK! 1&,*2,">+! #"! $60!85$08&*!25;!95+!9,20*;!/0(05$02-!3/!7!';!(0/+#"5*!85?#&/,$0!7!,$!95+![0#/>0!E&+6-!DJ60!85$60/-!M0!95"$02!$#!$0+$!$60!'0$$*0!#8!6,+!+#"-G!

B5";!#8!$6#+0!96#!90/0!"#$!$6,"4,">!)#"+(,/5);!90/0!$6,"4,">!1*#915)4-!D38!)#&/+0@!.!2#"G$!+&((#/$!$0//#/,+'-!E&$!/05**;@!$60!H'0/,)5"+!90/0!5+4,">!8#/!,$-G!!

.!&"20/+$##2!$60!+02&)$,?0!(#90/!#8!$60!)#"+(,/5);!$60#/,0+-!.!95+!(/0(5/02!$#!10*,0?0! $65$! 1,"! F520"! 95+! $60! (/,'0! +&+(0)$@! 1&$! .! 652! +0,`02! #"! $60! 96,$0A+&(/0'5),+$!6;(#$60+,+!5+!5!'#/0!(5*5$51*0!0L(*5"5$,#"-!H"2!96,*0!.!2,2!"#$!$6,"4!$65$! $60!H'0/,)5"+! 7! 5"2!H&+$/5*,5"+@! 5"2! E/,$#"+@! 5"2!H/51+@! 5"2! .+/50*,+@! 5"2!W54,+$5",+!7!96#!652!2,02!90/0!D5+4,">!8#/!,$G@!.!652!10>&"!$#!>/#9!5">/;!5$!$60!95;!$60!)5/"5>0!,"!H'0/,)5!#?0/+652#902!/#&$,"0@!"0?0/A0"2,">!?,#*0")0!0*+0960/0-!!

X"$0/,">!,"$#!5!+$/5$0>,)!(5)$!9,$6!$60!H'0/,)5"+!95+!5*95;+!>#,">!$#!10!5!65/2!+0**-!J60!5**,5")0!)5'0!9,$6!8,"5"),5*!+900$0"0/+@!5+![0"0/5*!B&+65//58!/0,$0/5$02!5$!6,+!(/0++!)#"80/0")0+!7!1,**,#"+!#8!2#**5/+!9#/$6!#8!20?0*#('0"$!(5)45>0+-!DI,**!5**!$60!'#"0;!>#!$#!5!809!>0"0/5*+@!*,40!$60!*5+$!$,'0<G!#"0!#8!$60!%#&/"5*,+$+!5+402-!

F,40! $60! *5+$! $,'0-! J60! *5+$! $,'0@! 960"! $60! C#?,0$! a",#"! 652! #))&(,02!H8>65",+$5"@!960"! $60!a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


652!+5,2!$60!",>6$!108#/0@!DW0#(*0!5/0!9#//,02!$65$!$60!H'0/,)5"+!9,**!%&+$!&+0!W54,+$5"! 5"2! 2,+)5/2! &+@! 5+! $60;! 2,2! 58$0/! $60! C#?,0$! #))&(5$,#"! #8!H8>65",+$5"-G! M0! 652! /08/5,"02! 8/#'! &+,">! $60! +,',*0! )#''#"*;! &+02! $#!20+)/,10!W54,+$5"G+! 85$0! 7! D2,+)5/202! *,40! 5!&+02! )#"2#'G!7!1&$! $60! +0"+0!#8!65?,">!100"!208,*02!/0'5,"02-!!

N#9! $60! 80)4*0++! +02&)0/! 652! /0$&/"02! 8#/! 5"#$60/! );)*0! #8! ,"$,'5);! 5"2!0L(*#,$5$,#"@! 105/,">! 5,2! (5)45>0+! /5$60/! $65"! 8*#90/+! 5"2! )6#)#*5$0+-! W54,+$5",+!90/0!&"20/+$5"251*;!);",)5*-!

!OVER IN PESHAWAR@!3+5'5!1,"!F520"G+!,'5>0!95+!0?0/;960/0!7!(5,"$02!#"!$60!15)4+!#8!/,)4+659+@!(6#$#+6#((02!5>5,"+$!+&,$51*0!*5"2+)5(0+!5"2!(/#(+!,"!$60!(#+$0/+! $65$! 90/0! +(/052! #&$! 5*#">! $60! (5?0'0"$+! #8! $60! 15`55/@! 5"2! &+02! 5+!15""0/+!,"!20'#"+$/5$,#"+-!3+5'5!5+!5!20+0/$!95//,#/!>5**#(,">!5)/#++!$60!20+0/$@!+&1'5)6,"0! >&"! #?0/! 6,+! +6#&*20/-! 3+5'5! 5+! 5! 4,"2! >/5"285$60/*;! 8,>&/0!#?0/+00,">!5!;#&">!1#;!5+!60!/052!$60!f&/G5"-!3+5'5!905/,">!5!96,$0!/#10!5"2!5!105$,8,)!0L(/0++,#"!5+!5!(*5"0!+*5''02!,"$#!$60!+,20!#8!5!>*05',">!+,*?0/!1&,*2,">!,"!$60!15)4>/#&"2-!

J60! ;#&$6+! 5$! $60! /0)/&,$,">! 1##$6! (/#&2*;! 2,+(*5;02! 5! 1##4! 8,**02! 9,$6! $60!"5'0+! #8! $6#+0! 96#! 652! +,>"02! &(! $#! %#,"! $60! 15$$*0-! J60;! *##402! +#! ;#&">! 7!)6,*2/0"-!.!5+402!960$60/!$60/0!90/0!5";!5>0!/0+$/,)$,#"+!#"!/0)/&,$+-!J60;!+5,2!$65$!$60;!2,2"G$! $540!5";#"0!#?0/! $60!5>0!#8! 8,8$;-!J60;!2,+',++02!';!+&>>0+$,#"!$65$!+#'0!',>6$!10!$##!;#&">-!D.8!$60;!95"$!$#!>#@!96;!"#$<!.$G+!5!)65")0!8#/!$60'!$#!8,>6$!8#/!.+*5'-G!!

H$! +0?0"$00"@!H"95/!95+!5*/052;!5! +05+#"02! 8,>6$0/-!M,+!1/#$60/!652!5*/052;!10)#'0!5!"#$#**6!7!5!'5/$;/!7!8,>6$,">!."2,5"!$/##(+!,"!e5+6',/-!H$!8,8$00"@!H"95/!$##!652!%#,"02!$60!15$$*0!5"2!)/#++02!$60!1#/20/!,"$#!e5+6',/!$#!8,>6$!9,$6!$60!M,`1A&*AB&%565200"-!I60"!.!'0$!6,'!5$!5"!.+*5',+$!20'#"+$/5$,#"@!60!95+!(/0(5/,">!$#!*05?0!8#/!H8>65",+$5"-!M0!95+!5!>##2A*##4,">!1#;@!9,$6!>#*2A/,''02!>*5++0+!10*#9!6,+! H/51,)A+*#>5"02! 605215"2! 5"2! +$/#">! '&+)*0+! 5((5/0"$! 10"05$6! 6,+!5((/#(/,5$0*;!'#20+$!)#'15$!85$,>&0+-!^0+(,$0!$60!'&+)*0+!5"2!)*#$60+@!60!+00'02!'#/0!*,40!5!+$&20"$-!M0!+6#902!"#!2,+)#'8#/$!$5*4,">!9,$6!5!9#'5"!5"2!+6##02!595;!5!>/#&(!#8!;#&$6+!96#G2!100"!65/5++,">!'0-!

.$! 95+! d/,25;! 5"2! $60! )/#92! +90**02! 5+! $60! 9#/+6,((0/+! 0'0/>02! 8/#'! $60!'#+Z&0+!58$0/!',225;!(/5;0/+@!105/,">!_5'55$A0A.+*5',!:_.=!8*5>+@!1,"!F520"!(#+$0/+@!5"2! 15""0/+! ,"!a/2&! 5"2!X">*,+6-! EHCJHb^-!aN[3^FO-! CHJHN-!MaBEa[-!HBXb.KH!.C!JbO.N[!J3!XbXCC!WaCMJaN!W.WWFXC-!:D.!2#!800*!*,40!60*(,">!$60'!#&$!9,$6!$60,/!+(0**,">@G!5!E/,$,+6!%#&/"#!)#''0"$02!*5$0/-=!3CHBH!.C!JMX!MXb3!3d!JMX!BaCF.BCY!J3NO!EaCM!IHNJX^!HF.gX!3b!^XH^-!

J60! )/#92! 95+! 95/',">! &(! 9,$6! )65"$+! #8! 9%%$#7! 9(4$'@! B"$)$! 4/2! @$6*2!+/26$4$6C!:F#">!*,?0!3+5'5!1,"!F520"=!5"2!9)'/($!)7'6$4$6C!:^05$6!$#!H'0/,)5=-!


H"95/!+$5/$02!5!"09!)65"$!,"!';!6#"#&/!7!97"1'$%/$!)7'6$4$6C!7!5"2!+',*02!5$!'0-!D3"*;!%#4,">-G!M0!2,/0)$02!'0!&(!#"$#!$60!+$5>0@!#&$!#8!$60!)/#92@!960/0!.!9#&*2!10!+580-!J60!105/202!'&**56!5*#">+,20!'0!2,2!"#$! *##4!,'(/0++02-! .!95+!"#$!65((;!0,$60/-!H((05/,">! #"! 5! (&1*,)! (*5$8#/'! 5*#">+,20! *052,">! .+*5',+$+! 5+! $60! )/#92!10**#902! 8#/! %,652! 95+! 5! +)0"5/,#! $65$! )#&*2! 05+,*;! 10! ',+&"20/+$##2-!B,+&"20/+$##2!1;!HC.3@!8#/!0L5'(*0-!

J60! 1#;+! ,"! )#'15$! >05/! 90"$! ,"$#! 5! 8/0"`;! 960"! f5`,! M&++0,"! 5//,?02@!+&//#&"2,">!6,'!(/#$0)$,?0*;!5"2!)*05/,">!6,+!(5$6! $#! $60!(*5$8#/'-!M0! +(#40! ,"!8,0/;!*5">&5>0!5"2!5$!K5+$/#0+Z&0!*0">$6!51#&$![#2!5"2!M,+!0"0',0+!5"2!6#9!$60!H8>65"!(0#(*0!9#&*2!20805$! $60!H'0/,)5"+! %&+$! 5+! $60;!652!20805$02! $60! C#?,0$!a",#"@!5'0"-! _.!"0?0/!(#**02!'#/0!5! $0"$6!#8! $60!"5$,#"5*!?#$0@!1&$!95$)6,">!$60!(5/$;G+!*0520/!522/0++!$60!(5)402!)/#92@!$60!+0"+0!#8!,"$#L,)5$,#"@!$60!)0/$5,"$;!$65$!$6,+!95+! $60! 8&$&/0@!95+! (5*(51*0-! .$! 80*$! *,40! 5! +)0"0! 8/#'! C5'&0*!M&"$,">$#"G+!9#/+$!",>6$'5/0-!!

!PESHAWAR’S GOOD HOTELS!90/0!1##402!+#*,2!1;! ,"$0/"5$,#"5*! %#&/"5*,+$+@!1&$!$60!b#+0!M#$0*!95+!"#$!5!>##2!6#$0*@!5"2!5!109,*20/02A*##4,">!H'0/,)5"!95+!5"!5$$0"$,#"A>/511,">!+,>6$!$60/0-!e0?,"!*##402!#&$!#8!(*5)0!5$!$60!)60)4A,"!20+4!7!60!)*05/*;!95+"G$!5!%#&/"5*,+$@!5,2!9#/40/!#/!$6/,**A+0040/-!M0!95+!5!;#>5!$05)60/!8/#'!N09! O#/4! 96#! 652! 100"! 6,/02! 1;! I5**! C$/00$! )#'(5",0+! 8#/! $60,/! 0L0)&$,?0+@!,")*&2,">!$6#+0!15+02!,"!$60!I#/*2!J/520!K0"$0/-!e0?,"!652!95$)602!$60!$#90/+!)/&'1*0!$6/#&>6!$60!9,"2#9!#8!6,+!5(5/$'0"$-!D.!2,2"G$!95"$!$#!+00@!1&$!.!)#&*2"G$!*##4!595;-G!

D^,2!;#&!*#+0!+#'0#"0<G!B;!Z&0+$,#"!80*$!$5)$*0++!5+!,$!)5'0!#&$!#8!';!'#&$6@!5"2!e0?,"G+!+,*0")0!5"2!90**,">!$05/+!90/0!5"+90/!0"#&>6-!

M0! )#&*2"G$! 1/,">! 6,'+0*8! $#! +$5;! ,"! N09! O#/4! 58$0/! $60! 5$$5)4+@! 5"2! 6,+!5(5/$'0"$!652!100"!200'02!&"*,?051*0!2&/,">!$60!,",$,5*!)*05"A&(-!C#!60!652!)#'0!$#!W0+6595/@!5+!"05/!5+!(#++,1*0!$#!H8>65",+$5"-![0#/>0!I!E&+6!652!5"+90/02!$60!Z&0+$,#"! DI6;! 2#! $60;! 65$0! &+<G! 1&$! e0?,"! 8#&"2! $65$! 5"+90/! 7! $60;! 65$0! #&/!8/002#'+!7!&"+5$,+85)$#/;-!M0!652!)#'0!,"!+05/)6!#8!6,+!#9"!0L(*5"5$,#"@!9,$6#&$!$0**,">!5";#"0!960/0!60!95+!>#,">-!

W0+6595/!95+! (5)402!9,$6! $/5&'5$,+02! /08&>00+!96#! *5)402! 15+,)! 0++0"$,5*+-!e0?,"!652!5!6#$0*!/##'@!5"!H'0/,)5"!(5++(#/$@!5!$,)40$!#&$-!."!W0+6595/@!$60+0!90/0!(/,?,*0>0+-!H"2!;0$!.!)#&*2"G$!2,+',++!e0?,"G+!"002!5+!,//0*0?5"$!+,'(*;!10)5&+0!,$!95+!*0++!5)&$0-!M,+!20+,/0!$#!&"20/+$5"2!5"2!10!&"20/+$##2!95+!6#"#&/51*0@!1&$!60!95+!$##!8/5>,*0!$#!10!$&/"02!*##+0!,"!$60!9,*2+!#8!W0+6595/-!J60!+,>6$!#8!5!W54,+$5",A*##4,">!9#'5"!,"!$60!)#'(5";!#8!5!90+$0/"!'5*0!$0"2+!$#!5$$/5)$!6#+$,*0!+)/&$,";!5$!$60!10+$!#8!$,'0+@!5"2!$60+0!90/0!"#$!$60!10+$!#8!$,'0+-!C#!.!$#*2!e0?,"!$#!400(!'0!,"!?,09@!1&$!5$!5!2,+$5")0@!5+!90!'520!#&/!95;!$6/#&>6!$60!+$/00$+!$#!'00$!(0#(*0!96#!.!6#(02!9#&*2!>,?0!5!+;'(5$60$,)!/0)0($,#"!$#!5"!0',++5/;!8/#'!N09!O#/4-!


H8$0/! ;05/+! #8! $/05$,">! H8>65"! /08&>00+@! ^/! b56,'!95+! &+02! $#! $5*4,">! 9,$6!$/5&'5$,+02!(5$,0"$+-!DJ60;!85**!,"$#!$9#!)5$0>#/,0+-!J60!',22*0A)*5++!(5$,0"$+!+&880/!8/#'!(+;)6,5$/,)!,**"0++0+!7!20(/0++,#"@!+&,),25*!$0"20"),0+-!J60"!$60/0!5/0!$60!(##/!(0#(*0@!$60!'5%#/,$;-!W0#(*0!96#+0!*0?0*!#8!0L,+$0")0!,+!65/2*;!6&'5"-!J60;!5/0!+#!#))&(,02!9,$6!+600/!+&/?,?5*!$65$!$60;!2#"G$!+&880/!8/#'!'0"$5*!,**"0++-G!

^/!b56,'!5))0($02!#&/! ,"?,$5$,#"! $#!2,""0/@! *,+$0"02! $#!e0?,"G+!5))#&"$!#8!6,+!%#&/"0;! 5"2! $5*402! 51#&$! 6,+! '#+$! /0)0"$! (5$,0"$+! 7! $60! )5+&5*$,0+! #8! 3(0/5$,#"!X"2&/,">!d/002#'-!M0!2,2!"#$!+00!$60!*5$0+$!)#"8*,)$!5+!2,880/0"$!$#!$65$!96,)6!652!(/0)0202!,$-!DJ60!/08&>00+!5/0!+$,**!)#',">@!5/0"G$!$60;<!I0!5/0!#"!$60!'5,"!/#52!$#!_5*5*5152!60/0!7!,$!,+!#"*;!$9#!5"2!65*8!6#&/+!595;-!C#!*#">!5+!$60/0!,+!95/@!$60;!9,**!)#'0!60/0-!I0!5/0!(/0(5/02!8#/!$60'-G!

e0?,"G+!1/,2>0A1&,*2,">!088#/$+!90/0!'#+$*;!+;'(5$60$,)5**;!/0)0,?02-!M0!$#*2!5!8,/0!)/09!60!+59!#"!$60!+$/00$!51#&$!$60!60/#,+'!#8!$60,/!N09!O#/4!)#**05>&0+Y!60!*,+$0"02!5+!/08&>00+!$#*2!6,'!#8!*#+$!85',*,0+!5"2!6#'0+-!3))5+,#"5**;!6,+!5$$0'($+!$#!2/59!(5/5**0*+!10$900"!6,+!#9"!*,80!5"2!$60,/+!90/0!(#*,$0*;!)#//0)$02-!!

DB;!"0,>61#&/6##2!*##4+!*,40!e51&*!"#9-G!

DN#!7!"#-!N09!O#/4!,+!"#$!*,40!e51&*-!I65$!65((0"02!95+!$0//,1*0@!1&$!,$!95+!#"*;!#"0!25;-!."!e51&*!$6,+!65+!65((0"02!#?0/!5"2!#?0/!5>5,"-!d#/!;05/+-G!

!IT WAS TIME!$#!/0$&/"!$#!H&+$/5*,5@!$#!10!/0&",$02!9,$6!';!25&>6$0/@!$#!9#/4!#&$!6#9!$#!*,?0!5!6;1/,2!*,80!5)/#++!15//,)520+!$65$!.!10*,0?02!$#!10!,'5>,"5/;@!1&$!$65$!#$60/+!'5,"$5,"02!90/0! 51+#*&$0! 5"2! ,''&$51*0-! .!95+! +$,**! &"+&/0!960$60/!90!'#">/0*+!90/0!51#&$!$#!10!)/&+602!10$900"!)#**,2,">!),?,*,+5$,#"+@!#/!/,((02!,"!$9#!5+!$60;!2/,8$02!8&/$60/!5(5/$-!!

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

DH! (+;)6,5$/,)! )#"2,$,#"! $65$! +$#(+! ;#&! 8/#'! &$%(/2<<G! ';! 8/,0"2+! 5+402!,")/02&*#&+*;-! E&$! .! /0'0'10/02! ^/! b56,'G+! 9#/2+T! DJ60! ',22*0A)*5++! (5$,0"$+!+&880/! 8/#'!(+;)6,5$/,)! ,**"0++0+! 7!20(/0++,#"@! +&,),25*! $0"20"),0+-G! .!95+!+580*;! ,"!K5"10//5!7!,8!5";#"0!)#&*2!588#/2!$60!*&L&/;!#8!5!(+;)6,5$/,)!,**"0++@!.!)#&*2-!!

E;!$60!$,'0!5"#$60/!"0&/#*#>,+$!/080//02!'0!8#/!5!Bb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

.!+$/&>>*02!$#!0L(/0++!$6,+!$#!$60!"0&/#*#>,+$!960"!.!/0$&/"02!8#/!';!Bb.!/0+&*$+@!5"2!)#")*&202T!D.G'!9#/4,">!#&$!+#'0!)#'(*,)5$02!,++&0+-G!!

J60!"0&/#*#>,+$!(5&+02!108#/0!/0+(#"2,">-!DJ60!+)5"!95+!51"#/'5*-G!

36-!N#$!","0A0*0?0"A,$,+-!B&*$,(*0!+)*0/#+,+-!!

H*$6#&>6! "#! '02,)5*! 2#)$#/! 9#&*2! $0**! '0! $6,+@! ',"0! 95+! 5! )5+0! #8! D)#A'#/1,2,$;G@! 5++5,*02! 1;! 1#$6! ","0A0*0?0"A,$,+! 5"2!'&*$,(*0! +)*0/#+,+-! J60!'&*$,(*0!+)*0/#+,+!,+!/0',$$,">A/0*5(+,">@!8*5/,">!#")0!5!;05/!#/!+#!$#!1*&/!';!?,+,#"@!2/,?0!/02A6#$!"5,*+!,"$#!';!85)0!#/!2,+)#""0)$!*,'1+!8/#'!';!)0"$/5*!"0/?#&+!+;+$0'@!108#/0!+&1+,2,">-!!

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f5025!*0520/G+!8,"5*!;05/+@!$60!5**0>5$,#"+! #8! .C.! ,"?#*?0'0"$! :D.C.! 4"#9+! 0?0/;$6,">G=@! $60! +&//05*! /,$&5*! #8! 6,+!)#"+,>"'0"$!$#!$60!#)05"-!!


J60!)#"+0"+&+!$65$!+00'+!$#!10!0'0/>,">!,+!$65$!96,*0!,$!,+!$##!+##"!$#!20)*5/0!?,)$#/;@!$60!(#+$ASRQQ!0/5!65+!2/59"!$#!5!)*#+0@!5!20)520!58$0/!,$!10>5"-!

J60!"0&/#*#>,+$!,+!&(105$!960"!.!/0$&/"!8#/!';!/0?,09!#"0!'#"$6!,"$#!$60!"09!$/05$'0"$-!J60!*5$0+$!2/&>+!5/0!?0/;!0880)$,?0-!J60!*#">A$0/'!0880)$!,+!"#$!;0$!)*05/@!5"2!+,")0!$60!'02,)5$,#"!'5;!+&((/0++!';!,''&"0!+;+$0'@!.!+6#&*2!65?0!/0>&*5/!(5(!+'05/+!5"2!1/05+$!)60)4+-!E&$!,8!5**!>#0+!90**@!.!+6#&*2!65?0!8090/!8*5/0+@!5"2!.!+6#&*2!10!51*0!$#!6#*2!#88!$60!D+0/,#&+!2,+51,*,$;G!+60!65+!95/"02!'0!,+!#$60/9,+0!*,40*;-!D2"#$%%$#@!.!522!+,*0"$*;!$#!';+0*8-!

H+!8#/!","0A0*0?0"A,$,+@!.!+&+(0)$!$65$!$6,+!,'(/#?0'0"$!,"!+;'($#'+!'5;!$&/"!#&$!$#!10!5!(*5)01#!0880)$-!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Shakira Hussein is undertaking a postdoctoral fellowship on Muslim women, gendered violence and racialised political discourse at the Asia Institute, University of Melbourne.


REPORTAGE

The blind side Deciding what to tell

Matthew Ricketson

WHEN!"#$%&#!'!()*+!,#&-.!/$$01.&!2$%!-!%)..1.&!3-4#!2$%!+1*!5#6),/17-.!8-%49!4170#4! ,#2$%#! 4+#! :;;;! #/#741$.<! +#! 7+$*#! =170! >+#.#9! 4$! +#-?! 4+#! *#/#741$.!7$33144##@! >+#.#9<! -! 2$%3#%! A#7%#4-%9! $2! =#2#.*#! 1.! "#$%&#! B'! ()*+C*!-?31.1*4%-41$.<! -.?! -4! 4+-4! *4-&#! 7+-1%! -.?! 7+1#2! #D#7)41E#! $2! 4+#! B-//1,)%4$.! $1/!*#%E17#*!7$36-.9<!-66%$-7+#?!+-/2!-!?$F#.!*#.1$%!5#6),/17-.*! 1.!G-9!:;;;!-.?!6#%*)-?#?!4+#3!4$!.$31.-4#@!

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

G$%#!4+-.!4+-4<!4+#!E#441.&!2$%3*!%#I)1%#?!-66/17-.4*!4$!-)4+$%1*#!>+#.#9!R$%!-.9!6#%*$.! ?#*1&.-4#?! ,9! +13C! 4$! $,4-1.! 4+#1%! 3#?17-/<! /#&-/<! 1.*)%-.7#<! 7%#?14! -.?!4-D-41$.!%#7$%?*<!-.?<!L+#%#!14!#D1*4#?<!M(Q!21/#@!N+#9!L#%#!%#I)1%#?!4$!&1E#!>+#.#9!-.?!+1*!4+%##J6#%*$.!4#-3<!$.#!$2!L+$3!L-*!+1*!?-)&+4#%!S1F<!-!,/-.0#4!L-1E#%!$2!R-.9! /1-,1/149! L14+! %#&-%?! 4$! *##01.&<! 2)%.1*+1.&! $%! )*#! $2C! 4+#! 7$.21?#.41-/!1.2$%3-41$.!T!L14+!.$!#.?!?-4#@!

U$.#!L-*!#E#%!1.4#%E1#L#?!2$%3-//9!,9!()*+!-,$)4!4+#!%$/#!$2!V17#!8%#*1?#.4<!L+17+! L-*! 4-0#.! ,9! >+#.#9! +13*#/2@! 5#-?1.&! (-%4$.! "#//3-.C*! 1.E#*41&-41E#!,1$&%-6+9!*+$L*!4+-4!1.!-//!/10#/1+$$?!>+#.#9!13-&1.#?!+13*#/2!-*!V17#!8%#*1?#.4!#E#.!L+#.!+#!-77#64#?!()*+C*!%#I)#*4!4$!+#-?!4+#!*#/#741$.!7$33144##@!!

Q!*-9!1.!-//!/10#/1+$$?!,#7-)*#!>+#.#9!?#7/1.#?!4$!,#!1.4#%E1#L#?!,9!"#//3-.<!-!H$)%.-/1*4!L14+!4+#!!"#$%&'()&*+)#(!L+$*#!L$%0!,&'-./0*1$.*2$.&.3!4%5.*+/.#%6.&53*W8#.&)1.<!:;;XY!L-*!6),/1*+#?!1.!4+#!21.-/!3$.4+*!$2!4+#!()*+!-?31.1*4%-41$.@!'+-4!

MATTHEW RICKETSON: The blind side 127

>+#.#9!4$/?!+1*!-)4+$%1*#?!,1$&%-6+#%<!A4#6+#.!B-9#*<!L-*!4+-4!14!L-*!$./9!$.!Z![)/9!:;;;!4+-4!+#!-&%##?!4$!()*+C*!%#I)#*4!4$!,#!+1*!%)..1.&!3-4#@!!

\E#.!12!L#!4-0#!>+#.#9!-4!+1*!L$%?<!L+-4!?$!L#!3-0#!$2!+1*!%#2)*-/!4$!*),H#74!+13*#/2!4$!4+#!*-3#!E#441.&!6%$7#**!-*!4+#!$4+#%!-66/17-.4*]!N+#!2$%3!3-9!+-E#!,##.!1.4%)*1E#!,)4!-!7-.?1?-4#C*!&#.#%-/!+#-/4+!1*!7#%4-1./9!%#/#E-.4<!-*!,#7-3#!7/#-%!#E#.!,#2$%#!()*+!L-*!1.-)&)%-4#?!1.!#-%/9!:;;^<!L+#.!>+#.#9!*)22#%#?!+1*!2$)%4+!+#-%4!-44-70!*1.7#!4+#!-&#!$2!4+1%49J*#E#.@!

'+-4!?$!L#!3-0#<!-/*$<!$2!4+#!/#-01.&!$2!?-3-&1.&!1.2$%3-41$.!2%$3!4+#!21/#!$2!$.#!$2!4+#!$4+#%!6%$*6#741E#!V17#!8%#*1?#.4*<!M%-.0!_#-41.&<!L+$C?!+-?!4+#!4#3#%149!4$!H$0#!6),/17/9!-,$)4!4+#!7+-1%!$2!4+#!*#/#741$.!7$33144##!&#441.&!4+#!H$,]!N+#!21/#!+-?!,##.!*##.!,9!-!*3-//!.)3,#%!$2!6#$6/#P!12!14!L-*!.$4!>+#.#9!L+$!/#-0#?!4+#!1.2$%3-41$.<!14!L-*!$.#!$2!+1*!4#-3@!

N+1*!+-?!-!?$),/9!7+1//1.&!#22#74@!U$4!$./9!?1?!>+#.#9!6$**#**!+1&+/9!6#%*$.-/!1.2$%3-41$.!-,$)4!+-/2!-!?$F#.!6#$6/#!L+$!L$)/?!&$!$.!4$!+$/?!*#.1$%!6$*4*!1.!4+#!()*+! -?31.1*4%-41$.! ,)4<! "#//3-.! L%$4#<! 4+#! %#*6$.*#! 4$! _#-41.&C*! %#3-%0!R6%$6-&-4#?!4+#!3#**-&#<!#?)7-41$.-/!-.?!H)*4!?#.1-,/#!#.$)&+ !̀=$.C4!7%$**!>+#.#9C@!

Q!L-*!&$,*3-70#?!%#-?1.&!4+1*!,1$&%-6+9<!.$4!/#-*4!,9!"#//3-.C*!-77$).4!$2!+$L!>+#.#9!,#7-3#!V17#!8%#*1?#.4<!L+17+!2$%3*!14*!$6#.1.&!7+-64#%@!Q!L-*!2-31/1-%!L14+!4+#!6174)%#!$2!>+#.#9!-*!#14+#%!4+#!*4$.#J2-7#?!6)66#4!3-*4#%!$2!-!?$/41*+!6%#*1?#.4!$%!4+#!*4##/9J#9#?!?#6)49!7$33-.?#%J1.J7+1#2!$2!4+#!RL-%!$.!4#%%$%C<!?#6#.?1.&!$.!4+#!3#?1-!$)4/#4@!

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

!ANGLER IS AN!#D4%#3#!#D-36/#!$2!4+#!E-/)#!$2!,1$&%-6+9@!K.!-)4$,1$&%-6+9<!,9!?#21.141$.<! 1*! -! 6#%*$.C*! 6#%*6#741E#! $.! 4+#1%! $L.! /12#P! -! ,1$&%-6+9! 1*! L%144#.! ,9!*$3#$.#!#/*#!-.?!.#7#**-%1/9!6%#*#.4*!-!%-.&#!$2!6#%*6#741E#*@!K)4$,1$&%-6+9!+-*!-!/$.&!+1*4$%9<!,#&1..1.&!L14+!A-1.4!K)&)*41.#C*!2)&?.##%)&#<!2%$3!Zab!K=@!Q4*!6$L#%!/1#*!1.!&1E1.&!%#-?#%*!-77#**!4$!4+#!*),H#74C*!1..#%3$*4!4+$)&+4*!-.?!2##/1.&*@!Q2!4+#!6#%*$.! 1*! 2-3$)*<! 4+#! %#-?#%! 7-.! 2##/! 6%1E9! 4$! 136$%4-.4! #E#.4*! 2%$3! 4+#! 7#.4%#@!K.9$.#! L%141.&! -.! -)4$,1$&%-6+9! 7-.! 7+$$*#! L+-4! 4$! 1.7/)?#<! L+$! 4$! 6%-1*#<!?#.1&%-4#!$%!1&.$%#P!4+#!-)4+$%!+-*!4+#!21%*4!-.?!4+#!/-*4!L$%?<!4+#!6$L#%!4$!*+-6#!4+#!*4$%9!$2!4+#1%!/12#!-*!4+#9!/10#@!!


N+1*! 3-9! *##3! #/#3#.4-%9<! ,)4! 14! +#/6*! #D6/-1.! 4+#! &#.#%-//9! +1&+#%! *-/#*! $2!-)4$,1$&%-6+1#*<!#E#.!4+$)&+!2#L!-%#!-*!-%42)//9!L%144#.!-*!K)&)*41.#C*!2)&?.##%)&#!$%!-*!$6#.!4$!#D-31.1.&!31**4#6*<! 2$1,/#*!-.?!2/-L*@!U1#/*#.!($$0A7-.C*! 4$6!21249!,#*4*#//1.&! .$.J21741$.! ,$$0*! 6),/1*+#?! 1.! K)*4%-/1-! 1.! :;;a! 1.7/)?#?! 4L#/E#!-)4$,1$&%-6+1#*!-.?!H)*4!4L$!,1$&%-6+1#*@!

N+#! 6$*4J7-%##%! -)4$,1$&%-6+9! *##3*! 4$! +-E#! ,#7$3#! -.! #**#.41-/! 4$$/! 1.!#.+-.71.&<!$%! %#*4$%1.&<! 4+#!%#6)4-41$.!$2! 2$%3#%!6$/1417-/! /#-?#%*!T!-.!-)4+$%1*#?!&)1?#! 2$%! 2)4)%#! +1*4$%1-.*@! "#$%&#! '! ()*+<! N$.9! (/-1%! -.?! [$+.! B$L-%?! -//!%#/#-*#?! 4+#1%! -)4$,1$&%-6+1#*! 1.! :;^;<! -.?!#-7+! *$/?!L#//`!()*+C*!7.5%#%)&*+)%&(#!%-7#?! 4$! 4L$! 31//1$.! *-/#*<! (/-1%C*! ,* @)=/&.3! *$/?! a:<;;;! 7$61#*! 1.! 4+#! O.14#?!_1.&?$3! 1.! ).?#%! -! L##0! T! 4+#! ,#*4! $6#.1.&! L##0! 2$%! -.! -)4$,1$&%-6+9! *1.7#!U1#/*#.! ($$0A7-.! ,#&-.! 0##61.&! %#7$%?*! 4+#%#<! 1.! ^aaX! T! -.?! B$L-%?C*!A"B"/=#*C%#%&'!L-*! 4+#!9#-%C*! *1D4+!,#*4*#//1.&!.$.J21741$.!,$$0* 1.!K)*4%-/1-<!L14+!7/$*#! 4$!b;<;;;!7$61#*!*$/?@!

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

K.?! 9#4! 4+#! 4+%##! /#-?#%*C! -)4$,1$&%-6+1#*! +-E#! %#-7+#?! /-%&#! -)?1#.7#*! -.?!L#%#! -77$36-.1#?! ,9! #D4#.*1E#! 6),/17149! 4$)%*! 4+-4! &-E#! 6%1?#! $2! 6/-7#! 4$! 4+#1%!6#%*6#741E#!-.?!-//$L#?!4+#3!4$!%#*4-4#!-*!2-74*!4+1.&*!4+-4!+-E#!,##.!7$.4%-?174#?<!L14+!#E1?#.7#<!,9!$4+#%*@!N+1*!1*!.$4!4$!*)&&#*4!4+-4!4+#!L-%!1.!Q%-I!-.?!14*!-24#%3-4+!1*!7/$*#?!2$%!?#,-4#`!6$/1417-/!1**)#*!7-.!,#!0##./9!7$.4#*4#?!,9!6#$6/#!$2!&$$?!2-14+!+$/?1.&!?122#%1.&!1?#$/$&17-/!6$*141$.*<!-*!L#//!-*!,9!6#$6/#!&)(!$2!&$$?!2-14+!L+$!6#??/#!6%$6-&-.?-!%-4+#%!4+-.!#.&-&#!1.!?#,-4#@!

'+#4+#%!9$)!4+1.0!4+#!,$$0*!-%#!6%$6-&-.?-!$%!-!?#2#.7#!$2!4+#!4+%##!/#-?#%*C!%#7$%?*<! 4+#%#! 1*! -!.##?! 4$! %#-?!$4+#%!E1#L6$1.4*! -.?! #D-31.#!$4+#%! #E1?#.7#! 4$!3-0#!H)?&#3#.4*!-,$)4!4+#!?#71*1$.*!4+#*#!3#.!4$$0@!N+#!*4-0#*!7$)/?!+-%?/9!,#!+1&+#%`! 3$%#! 4+-.! ^;;<;;;! 71E1/1-.*! +-E#! ,##.! 01//#?! 1.! Q%-I! -.?! 3-.9! 3$%#!K3#%17-.!4%$$6*!+-E#!?1#?!4+#%#!4+-.!?1#?!$.!ac^^@!

N+#!E-/)#!$2!-.!-)4$,1$&%-6+9!1*!/#-E#.#?!,9!).?#%*4-.?1.&!4+-4!#E#.!4+#!3$*4!1.*1&+42)/<!*#/2J-L-%#!6#$6/#!*4%)&&/#!4$!*##!4+#3*#/E#*!-*!$4+#%*!?$@!G$*4!*+9!-L-9!2%$3!#D6$*1.&!4+#1%!31*4-0#*<!7%)#/41#*!$%!4+#!4+1.&*!4+#9!-%#!-*+-3#?!$2@!Q!-3!.$4!4+1.01.&!+#%#!$2! 4+#! *$J7-//#?!31*#%9!3#3$1%*<! 4+#!6$1.4!$2!L+17+! *##3*! 4$!,#!-!6/#-*1.&! -%7! 2%$3! -,)*#?! 7+1/?+$$?! -.?! ?%)&J+-F#?! -?$/#*7#.7#! 4$! *61%14)-/!


-L-0#.1.&!-.?!%#?#3641$.!,9!6),/17-41$.@!N+#*#<!4$$<!-%#!6%$.#!4$!6%$6-&-.?-<!-*!4+#!%#E#/-41$.*!1.!:;;d!,9!4+#!9D)8%&'*E=&!L#,*14#!-,$)4!4+#!3-.9!2-,%17-41$.*!1.![-3#*!M%#9C*!3#3$1%!,*F%--%)&*A%((-.*+%.5.#!-36/9!?#3$.*4%-4#@!

5-4+#%<! Q! -3! 4+1.01.&! -,$)4! 4+#! %17+<! 7$36/#D! -.?<! 6$4#.41-//9<! 3$%#! 4%)4+2)/!6$%4%-14! $2! -! 6#%*$.! 4+-4! #3#%&#*! 1.! ,1$&%-6+9@! B1*4$%17-//9<! ,1$&%-6+1#*! L#%#!3$*4/9! L%144#.! -,$)4! 6#$6/#! -/%#-?9! $%! /$.&! ?#-?P! ,1$&%-6+1#*! $2! /1E1.&! 6#$6/#!,#&-.!4$!,#!L%144#.!,9!H$)%.-/1*4*!1.!4+#!âb;*<!-77$%?1.&!4$!A4#E#!'#1.,#%&!1.!+1*!âa:!,$$0!1.--%&'*($.*G&()-6*9()/30*H)I*>&J.#(%'"(%J.*C.:)/(./#*,/.*2$"&'%&'*($.*2/"?(*)?*;%)'/":$3K*N$?-9!4+#9!-%#!7$33$.6/-7#@!

'+-4!%#-?#%*!&#4!L14+!,1$&%-6+1#*!$2!/1E1.&!6#$6/#!T!L+#.!4+#9!-%#!?$.#!L#//!T!1*!-!L$%0!+)331.&!L14+!4+#!)%&#.79!$2!4+#!H$)%.-/1*417!#.&-&#3#.4<!-!L1//1.&.#**!4$!-*0!?12217)/4!I)#*41$.*<!2$%-&#!2-%!-.?!L1?#!2$%!-.*L#%*<!-.?!-!7$33143#.4!4$!4#//1.&!-! /12#! *4$%9! 4+-4! -66#-/*! 4$! 4+#! ,%$-?#*4! 6$**1,/#! -)?1#.7#@! (1$&%-6+1#*! $2! /1E1.&!6#$6/#!-%#!).-E$1?-,/9!*+-6#?!,9!4+#!?9.-317!,#4L##.!-)4+$%!-.?!*),H#74<!L+17+!3-9!,#!7$J$6#%-41E#!$%!+$*41/#<!$%!,$4+@!"#//3-.C*!,&'-./!-.?!G17+-#/!>%170C*!âae!,1$&%-6+9!9(/"&'./*($"&*L%5(%)&*T!L+17+!%#E#-/#?!4+-4![#22%#9!K%7+#%C*!,#*4!L$%0!$2!21741$.!3-9!,#!+1*!$L.!/12#!*4$%9!T!L#%#!L%144#.!L14+$)4!4+#1%!*),H#74*C!7$J$6#%-41$.@!G$%#!$24#.<!,1$&%-6+#%*!$2!/1E1.&!6#$6/#!?-.7#!,#4L##.!4+#1%!?#*1%#!2$%!-77#**!-.?!4+#1%!?#3-.?!2$%!1.?#6#.?#.7#@!

N+#9!%-%#/9!7$J#D1*4!7$32$%4-,/9<!*$!L#!*+$)/?!,#!7-)41$)*!$2!,/14+#!7/-13*!$.!4+#!6),/17149!71%7)14@!K.?!,#!4+-.02)/!L+#.!4+#!,1$&%-6+17-/!*4-%*!-/1&.<!-*!4+#9!?1?!2$%!=-E1?!G-%%<!L+$*#!*),H#74<!8-4%170!'+14#<!&-E#!+13!#D4%-$%?1.-%9!-77#**!-.?!/#44#%*!$2!1.4%$?)741$.<!-.?!?1?!.$4!-44#364!4$!7#.*$%!4+#!%#*)/41.&!3-.)*7%164!#E#.!4+$)&+!-24#%!%#-?1.&!14!+#!*-1?<!RQ!4+1.0!4+1*!,$$0!*+$)/?!,#!7-//#?!1$.*F)&#(./*)?*,--*1%D.@C!

G-%%C*!âa^!,1$&%-6+9!1*!-!*936-4+#417!,)4!.$4!).7%1417-/!6$%4%-14!$2!4+#!U$,#/!8%1F#JL1..1.&! -)4+$%@! G17+-#/! '$/22! &-1.#?! *131/-%/9! %-%#! -77#**! 4$! 4+#! &/$,-/!3#?1-!3$&)/!5)6#%4!G)%?$7+<!+1*! 2-31/9!-.?!-**$71-4#*!,)4!+1*!:;;X!,1$&%-6+9<!1$.* F"&* !$)* <I&#* ($.* M.I#<* 1*! *+-%6! -.?! 7%1417-/<! I)14#! ?122#%#.4! 4$! '1//1-3!A+-L7%$**C*!#-%/1#%!,1$&%-6+9<!L14+!L+17+!G)%?$7+!-/*$!7$J$6#%-4#?@!

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


9("&6"/6<!4+1*!,#7-3#!R4+#!,#*4!7/)#!L#!+-E#!4$!4+#!.)3,#%!$2!6#%*$.*!L+$!L$%0!2$%!4+#!V17#!8%#*1?#.4C<!-77$%?1.&!4$!=-E1?!(%$3L17+!1.!4+#*M.I*N)/8*C.J%.I*)?*;))8#K!!

G$%#! 136$%4-.4/9! 6#%+-6*<! &1E#.! >+#.#9C*! %#1.E#.41$.! $2! 4+#! %$/#! $2! V17#!8%#*1?#.4<!+#!-.?!+1*!$2217#!+-E#!%#2)*#?!4$!+-.?!$E#%!+1*!%#7$%?*!4$!4+#!U-41$.-/!K%7+1E#*! -.?!5#7$%?*!K?31.1*4%-41$.@!N+1*!?#.1#*! 4+#3! 4$! 2)4)%#! %#*#-%7+#%*<! -*!L#//!-*!4$!4+$*#!L+$!-%&)#!+#!*+$)/?!,#!1.?174#?!2$%!+1*!%$/#!1.!L-%!7%13#*!-//#&#?/9!7$33144#?!?)%1.&!4+#!Q%-I!L-%@!!

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

K!7$69!$2!4+#!E#441.&!2$%3!2$%!V17#!8%#*1?#.4*!L-*!$.#!*)7+!.#L*!,%#-0P!-.$4+#%!L-*!-.!1.4#%E1#L!L14+!4+#!B$)*#!3-H$%149!/#-?#%!=170!K%3#9<!L+$!4$/?!"#//3-.!+$L! +#! L-*! 31*/#?! ,9! >+#.#9! -,$)4! 4+#! %#/-41$.*+16! ,#4L##.! -/Jf-#?-! -.?!A-??-3!B)**#1.!,#2$%#!4+#! 1.E-*1$.!$2! Q%-I@!K%3#9<!-! R4-DJ+-41.&!N#D-*!&$$?!$/C!,$9C!5#6),/17-.<! $66$*#?! 4+#!L-%!-.?! 4+%#-4#.#?! 4$!,#7$3#!-! /1&+4.1.&! %$?! 2$%!$4+#%! ).?#71?#?! 5#6),/17-.*! ).41/! >+#.#9! 7-//#?! +13! 1.! 2$%! -! 6%1E-4#! ,%1#21.&@!>+#.#9!4$/?!K%3#9!4+-4!A-??-3!+-?!6#%*$.-/!41#*!4$!g*-3-!,1.!S-?#.C*!4#%%$%1*4!.#4L$%0! -.?! 4+-4! Q%-IC*! -,1/149! 4$! R31.1-4)%1*#! L#-6$.*! $2! 3-**! ?#*4%)741$.<!6-%417)/-%/9!.)7/#-%C!+-?!,##.!R*),*4-.41-//9!%#21.#?!*1.7#!4+#!21%*4!")/2!'-%C@!($4+!7/-13*!L#%#!2-.712)/@!K%3#9!2#/4!,#4%-9#?`!R=1?!=170!>+#.#9<!-!2#//$L!L+$!+-?!,##.!39! 4%)*4#?! 2%1#.?! T! ?1?! +#! 6)%6$*#/9! 4#//! 3#! 4+1.&*! +#! 0.#L! 4$! ,#! ).4%)#]! hQ!*#%1$)*/9!2##/!4+-4!3-9!,#!4+#!7-*#@C!!

"#//3-.! 7%14171*#*! >+#.#9<! ,)4! 14! L$)/?! ,#! L%$.&! 4$! ?#?)7#! 4+-4! ,&'-./* 1*!).%#/#.41.&/9!.#&-41E#!$%!$.#J?13#.*1$.-/@!>+#.#9!394+$/$&9!+-*!14<!2$%!1.*4-.7#<!4+-4! +#! 6%$214#?! 2%$3! +1*! 2$%3#%! 7$36-.9<! B-//1,)%4$.<! -44-1.1.&! 7$.4%-74*! 4$!6%$E1?#! *#%E17#*! 1.! Q%-I! 2$//$L1.&! 4+#! 1.E-*1$.<!,)4!>+#.#9!-.?!+1*!L12#<!S9..#<!&-E#! -L-9! -.! #*413-4#?!OAiX!31//1$.! 1.! *4$70! $641$.*! 2%$3!B-//1,)%4$.! -.?! *1D!$4+#%!7$36-.1#*!L+#.!+#!,#7-3#!V17#!8%#*1?#.4<!-.?!*#4!)6!-!7+-%14-,/#!4%)*4@!

>+#.#9!?1?!.$4!6),/17/9!?1*7)**! 4+1*<! -/4+$)&+!*)7+! 4%-.*6-%#.79!L$)/?!+-E#!+#/6#?! +13@! >+#.#9! 1*! *#7%#41E#<! "#//3-.! 7$.4#.?*<! .$4! ,#7-)*#! +#! 2#-%*!#3,-%%-**3#.4! ,)4! ,#7-)*#! 14! 91#/?*! 6%-7417-/! 6$/1417-/! -?E-.4-&#*@! Q2! 6$4#.41-/!$66$.#.4*! L14+1.! 4+#! '-*+1.&4$.! ,)%#-)7%-79! ?1?! .$4! 0.$L! L+-4! >+#.#9! L-*!?$1.&<!$%!L+#%#!+1*! %#*6$.*1,1/149!,#&-.!-.?!#.?#?<! 4+#9!7$)/?!.$4!7$).4#%!+13@!


K77)*-41$.*!$2!E#.-/149!$E#%!B-//1,)%4$.<!4+$)&+<!L#%#!$.!-!*+$%4/1*4!$2!7+-%&#*!4+-4!7$)/?!6#.#4%-4#!>+#.#9C*!136/-7-,/#!6%#*#.7#@!

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

K//! 4+#*#! 4+1.&*! 1.4%1&)#! 2$%! L+-4! 4+#9! *)&&#*4! -,$)4! >+#.#9C*! 3-0#J)6! -.?!3$41E-41$.@!M$%!-//!+1*!4#.-71$)*!?1&&1.&<!"#//3-.!7-.!$./9!&$!*$!2-%<!-*!>+#.#9!.$4!$./9!?#7/1.#?!4$!,#!1.4#%E1#L#?!,)4<!/10#!+1*!2$%3#%!,$**<!1*!).%#2/#741E#!,9!.-4)%#@!

'14+!*$3#$.#!/10#!>+#.#9!14!3-9!,#!/#**!136$%4-.4!4$!).?#%*4-.?!4+#1%!6*97+#!4+-.!4$!2-4+$3!4+#!6-44#%.!$2!4+#1%!-741$.*@!Q4!-66#-%*!4+-4!4+#!?#21.1.&!3$3#.4!1.!>+#.#9C*!6),/17!7-%##%!L-*!+1*!%#*6$.*#!4$!4+#!7)%4-1/1.&!$2!6%#*1?#.41-/!6$L#%!4+-4!2$//$L#?! 4+#! 2$%7#?! %#*1&.-41$.!$2!517+-%?!U1D$.! 1.!^abj@!5#1.*4-41.&! 4+1*!6$L#%!?%$E#!+1*!6$/1417-/!6)%6$*#!2%$3!4+-4!3$3#.4!$.@!!

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

G$%#!136$%4-.4<!-.?!4+#!%#-*$.!L+9!"#//3-.C*!,&'-./!%#3-1.*!%#I)1%#?!%#-?1.&<!1*!4+-4!4+#!7)%%#.4!8%#*1?#.4!1*!*41//!&%-66/1.&!L14+!4+#!6%$,/#3*!,#I)#-4+#?!+13!,9!4+#! ()*+! -?31.1*4%-41$.@! '+#4+#%! 4+#! 2$%3#%! V17#! 8%#*1?#.4! #.&-&#*! L14+!"#//3-.C*!7%141I)#!L1//!4#//!)*!-!&%#-4!?#-/!-,$)4!4+#!3-.@!

!

!

Matthew Ricketson is a journalist and a professor of journalism at the University of Canberra. His article ‘Born to win, with a little help’ was published in Griffith REVIEW 4: Making Perfect Bodies, and was included in The Best Australian Sports Writing 2004.


MEMOIR

Going to Washington, DC Crying for Oscar Grant III

Melody L Fuller

‘ARE!"#$!%#&'%(!)*!+,!-&'./!01,!-,!%#&'%(2!)3!-0.!453#6,1!7889/!0!:#'3+!6,*#1,!3+,!;1,.&<,'3&0=!,=,53&#'/!",3!:0'"!#*!:"!*1&,'<.!0'<!*0:&="!+0<!6,%$'!0.>&'%!3+&.!?$,.3&#'@!AB1,!"#$!%#&'%!3#!3+,!&'0$%$103&#'!&'!C0.+&'%3#'(2!D+,!?$,.3&#'!6,50:,!:#1,!&:;#130'3!,E,'!3+0'!AB1,!"#$!E#3&'%!*#1!F0105>(2!!

G"!0'.-,1!-0.! A",.2!-&3+! 0'! ,H5=0:03&#'!:01>@! )! 310'.*#1:,<! &'3#! 0!6,05#'/!5+,,1=,0<,1/!1,.#$15,!0'<!:#1,!*#1!0==!3+&'%.!3+03!-#$=<!=,0</!+,=;!0'<!:#3&E03,!:"!I0=&*#1'&0'!*1&,'<.!3#!30>,!3+&.!+&.3#1&5!J#$1',"@!

AK&1=/!3+&.!-&==!6,!.#:,3+&'%!3#!3,==!:"!%10'<>&<./!&'!3-,'3"!",01./2!)!=0$%+!3#!:"!*1&,'<.@!AB'<!I0:,1#'!6,33,1!'#3!:0>,!:,!0!%10'<:#3+,1!6,*#1,!3+,'L!D+&.!-&==!6,!=&>,!%#&'%!3#!3+,!G015+!#'!C0.+&'%3#'/!-&3+!G013&'!M$3+,1!N&'%!O1!<,=&E,1&'%!+&.!P)!Q0E,!B!R1,0:S!.;,,5+L2!!

TE,1"!<0"!3+,!'$:6,1!#*!-#:,'!&'!:"!5&15=,!#*!*1&,'<.!+,0<&'%!3#!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI!%1,-@!B!.+#13!3&:,!0*3,1!3+,!,=,53&#'/!0!=01%,!=&.3!#*!-#:,'!+#;&'%!0'<!;=0''&'%!3#!033,'<!-0.!*#1:,<@!C,!5#E,1,<!0==!3+,!<,30&=.!0'"#',!5#$=<!3+&'>!#*!*#1!033,'<&'%!3+,!*&*3"U.&H3+!;1,.&<,'3&0=!&'0$%$103&#'@!

)!-#1>,<!3#!;,1.$0<,!0!<,01!*1&,'<!3#!J#&'!3+,!*$'@!AC,!5#$=<!<#!0!:&'&:0=!*##<!6$<%,3/!,.;,5&0=="!&*!-,!1,'3!0!+#$.,@!V#$!+0E,!0==!3+,!5=#3+,.!0'<!J,-,==,1"!3+03!"#$!',,<@!Q#-!:$5+!&.!B:310>!*1#:!W0510:,'3#!3#!RI(!)!-#$=<!5#'.&<,1!%#&'%!3+03!1#$3,!-&3+!"#$@2!

AG,=#<"/!:#',"!&.!*$''"!01#$'<!#$1!+#$.,@!Q$66"!30=>&'%!06#$3!-0=>&'%!0-0"!*1#:!3+,!+#:,!.&'5,!3+,!E0=$,!&.!=#-,1!3+0'!-,!;0&<!*#1!&3X30H,.!&.!<$,!Y!&32.!0=-0".!.#:,3+&'%@2!

AO#"5,"/!"#$!+0E,!3#!.051&*&5,!0'<!'#3!6$"!0'"3+&'%!',-!.#!"#$!5#$=<!6$"!0!310&'!3&5>,3!0'<!+0E,!0!3&'"!6&3!#*!.;,'<&'%!:#',"@!C#$=<!"#$!6,!&'3,1,.3,<!&'!30>&'%!3+,!310&'X&3!&.!5+,0;,1!0'</!.&'5,!"#$!+0E,!3&:,!#**!*1#:!-#1>/!3+,!3&:,!3#!30>,!3+,!310&'!*1#:!I0=&*#1'&0!3#!RI!-#$=<!'#3!6,!0!*053#1@2!)!<&<'23!%&E,!+,1!3&:,!3#!1,.;#'<@!AD+&.!&.!0!-#13+-+&=,!.051&*&5,X!C,!5#$=<!.+01,!506.!0'<!3+,!=&:#.!3+03!:"!*1&,'<.!-&==!+0E,X!Z$3!3#%,3+,1!0!601,U6#',.!6$<%,3@!D1"L2!!

MELODY L FULLER: Going to Washington, DC 133

)!-0.!1,=,'3=,../!6,50$.,!O#"5,!0'<!)!+0E,!0!%1,03!3&:,!3#%,3+,1@!)!-0'3,<!+,1!-&3+!:,! &'!C0.+&'%3#'@!W#/!>'#-&'%!+#-!:$5+!.+,!.+#;./! )!0<<,</! A4+/!"#$! !"#$! 3#!&'.3&3$3,!0!.,=*U&:;#.,<!.;,'<&'%!*1,,[,!*#1!\#E,:6,1!0'<!5$3!I+1&.3:0.!.;,'<&'%!6"!3+1,,U?$013,1.X:0>,!3+&.!"#$1!I+1&.3:0.!;1,.,'3@!C,!<#'23!+0E,!3#!<#!6&%U3&:,!0==!3+,!3&:,@2!

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

O#"5,!3##>!605>!+,1!;$15+0.,./!3&%+3,',<!+,1!6,=3!0'<!?$&5>="!%#3!#'!6#01<!0.!-,!&1#',<!#$3!3+,!3&'"!<,30&=.!*#1!#$1!)'0$%$10=!O#$1',"@!G0'"!#3+,1!-#:,'!-,1,!%#&'%!6$3! O#"5,!0'<! )!+0<!<,5&<,<! 3#!6,! 1##::03,./!0'<!-,! 310<,<!'#!*,-,1!3+0'!3-,'3"!,:0&=.!0'<!3+1,,!3,=,;+#',!50==.!0!<0"!*#1!3+,!',H3!.&H!-,,>.@!C,!<,5&<,<!3#!*="/!'#3!+#;!#'!3+,!310&'/!3#!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI@!

!IT WAS 8 JANUARY 2009!-+,'!)!1,0=&.,<!)!+0<!6,,'!51"&'%!#'!0'<!#**!*#1!3+,!;0.3!,&%+3!<0".@!C+&=,!)!-0.!5#U#1<&'03&'%!:"!&'0$%$103&#'!-01<1#6,/!#$3*&3./!+0&1/!:0>,$;/!055,..#1&,./!0'<!*&%$1&'%!#$3!+#-!)!-#$=<!.30"!-01:!*#1!:"!3,'!<0".!&'!RI!-&3+#$3!0!*$1/!)!51&,<@!)!<&<!'#3!51"!*#1!:,/!#1!*#1!0'"!J#"!06#$3!F0105>!460:0!6,5#:&'%!B:,1&502.!*&1.3!6=05>!Z1,.&<,'3@!)!51&,<!<,,;/!=#'%/!;0&'*$=!3,01.!#*!%1&,*!*#1!4.501!K10'3!)))@!!

B3!3+,!3&:,!#*!+&.!:$1<,1/!#'!^!O0'$01"!788_/!+,!-0.!3-,'3"U3-#@!Q,!-0.!3+,!.0:,!0%,!0.!:"!6,0$3&*$=!6=05>!.#'@!D+,!.:&=,!3+03!)!.301,<!03/!&'!3+,!*0:&="!;+#3#!#*!4.501!K10'3/!5#E,1,<!3+,!*1#'3/!605>!0'<!&'.&<,!#*!#$1!',-.;0;,1@!Q&.!*05,!1,;=05,<!3+,!#3+,1!6=05>!:0'2.!*05,/!Z1,.&<,'3UT=,53!F0105>!460:0/!-+#.,!*05,!5#E,1,<!#3+,1!',-.;0;,1.!01#$'<!3+,!5#$'31"@!4.501!K10'32.!.:&=,!1,:&'<,<!:,!#*!3+,!.:&=,.!#*!:"! .#'!0'<!+&.! *1&,'<.@!4.501!K10'3!-0.! =&>,! 3+,!#3+,1!"#$'%!6=05>!:,'! &'!:"!5#::$'&3"/!&'!:"!5&3"/!40>=0'</!I0=&*#1'&0@!Q,!-0.!,H,5$3,</!.+#3!&'!3+,!605>/!6"!0!10&=!5#;/!0!310'.&3!;#=&5,!#**&5,1/!-+&=,!+,!=0"/!*05,!<#-'/!#'!3+,!5#=</!<&13"/!%1&:"!%1,"!5#'51,3,!.=06!#*!3+,!310'.&3!;=03*#1:!#'!\,-!V,012.!TE,@!!

B.!)!:035+,<!$;!0'<!;05>,<!:"!5#=#$1*$=!610./!$'<,1;0'3./!.3#5>&'%./!J,-,==,1"!0'<!.501E,./!)!51&,<@!B.!)!#1%0'&.,<!:"!0..#13,<!*#=<,1.!+#=<&'%!3+,!;1&5,=,..!3&5>,3.!)!+0<! ;$15+0.,<! *#1! 3+,! )==&'#&.! W303,! W#5&,3"! Z1,.&<,'3&0=! F0==! 0'<! K0=0/! 3+,!Z1,.&<,'3&0=!)'0$%$10=!I1$&.,!0'<!R&'',1!01#$'<!3+,!Z#3#:05!`&E,1/!3+,!I0=&*#1'&0!W303,!W#5&,3"!Z1,.&<,'3&0=!)'0$%$10=!M$'5+,#'!0'<!a0.+&#'!W+#-/!0'<!3+,!B:,1&50'!


G$.&5!)'0$%$10=!F0==/!)!51&,<!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!)!+0<!3&5>,3.!3#!3+,!I0=&*#1'&0!F0.+/!Aa="!G,!3#!3+,!G##'2/!6,&'%!+,=<!6"!3+,!I0=&*#1'&0!R,:#5103&5!Z013"!03!3+,!W:&3+.#'&0'!\03&#'0=!B&1!0'<!W;05,!G$.,$:@!)!51&,<!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!B.!)!<#$6=,U5+,5>,<!3+,!3&:,.! 0'<! <03,.! *#1! 3+,! ;1&E03,! &'0$%$10=! 1,5,;3&#'! +#.3,<! 6"! I#'%1,..-#:0'!F016010!M,,/!)!51&,<!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!G"!$'<,1%10<$03,!5#==,%,/!G&==.!I#==,%,/!-0.!+#.3&'%!0!Z1,.&<,'3&0=! )'0$%$103&#'!`,5,;3&#'!0'<! )!-#$=<!6,!033,'<&'%! 3+,! O05>!0'<! O&==! #*!B:,1&50/! )'5@! W#$3+,0.3!`,%&#'! )'0$%$10=!`,5,;3&#'@! )! 51&,<! *#1!4.501!K10'3@! )! 5#'*&1:,<!:"! *&',U<&'&'%! 1,.,1E03&#'.! *#1! 0'!0..#13:,'3!#*!K,#1%,3#-'!1,.30$10'3.!3+03!)!-#$=<!6,!E&.&3&'%!#E,1!3+,!3,'!<0".@!)!51&,<!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!D+,!Z1,.&<,'3&0=!)'0$%$10=!W$::&3!Z10",1!F1,0>*0.3/!3+,!a1,<1&5>!R#$%=0.!TE,'3!03!3+,!\03&#'0=!B15+&E,./!3&5>,3.!*#1!F&==!I#.6"!03!3+,!N,'',<"!I,'3,1/!3+,!.,5$1,<!I0;&3#=!D#$1!-&3+!W,'03,!0'<!Q#$.,!Z0..,.b!3+,.,!<&<!'#3!<1"!:"!3,01.!*#1!4.501!K10'3!#1!+,0=!3+,!-#$'<!&'!:"!+,013!*#1!3+&.!:$1<,1,<!.#'@!

)! -0.! 5#:;=,3&'%! 0! =,'%3+"/! +$:#1#$.! ,:0&=! 3#! 0==! #*! 3+,! -#:,'! &'! #$1!%1#$;!310E,==&'%!3#!3+,!Z1,.&<,'3&0=! )'0$%$103&#'!#'!3+,!<0"!3+03!4.501!K10'3!-0.!6$1&,<@!)!-0.!31"&'%!3#!<1"!:"!3,01.!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!)!1,0=="!-0.@!)'.3,0<!#*! 5,=,6103&'%! 3+,! J#$1',"! #*! 0! =&*,3&:,/! )! -0.! 310;;,<! &'! 0! :$1<,1! #*!$',H;=0&'06=,!;1#;#13&#'.@!G"!+$.60'<!50==,<!3#!:,!*1#:!3+,!=&E&'%!1##:@!

AG,=#<"/!"#$!',,<!3#!5#:,!&'!+,1,!?$&5>="X2!

)!<#'23!1,:,:6,1!:$5+!,=.,!#*!-+03!)!.0-!#'!3+,!3,=,E&.&#'/!,H5,;3!*##30%,!6#=<="!3&3=,<! A61,0>&'%!',-.2@!D+,! 3,01./!+$13/!;0&'!0'<!%1&,*! *#1!4.501!K10'3!+0<!.;&==,<!&'3#!#$1!.31,,3.@!40>=0'<!-0.!6$1'&'%@!)!-0.!#'!*&1,!3##@!

A)!+0E,!3#!%#!<#-'3#-'/2!)!3#=<!:"!+$.60'<!0.!)!%1066,<!:"!;$1;=,!I#'E,1.,/!,H310U=01%,!+##<&,!0'<!0!3,01U.#0>,</!51$:;=,<!-0<!#*!3&..$,@!)!>',-!+,!-#$=<!'#3!055#:;0'"!:,!&'3#!#$1!:&51#U-01[#',@!AF",/2!)!50==,<!0.!)!.=0::,<!3+,!<##1!3#!#$1!=#E,="!+#:,!0'<!+,0<,<!<#-'3#-'@!

)! .,'3! 3+,! *#==#-&'%!,:0&=! &'.3,0<!#*! 5#'3&'$&'%! 3+,!,E,'&'%!$;<03,!06#$3!:"!*=&%+3/!3+,!W$;,1!W+$33=,/!:"!6,<!0'<!61,0>*0.3!&''!1,.,1E03&#'/!0'<!3+,!%1,03!+#$.,!3+03!O#"5,!0'<!)!+0<!*&'0=="!.5#1,<!'#3!3##!*01!*1#:!3+,!I0;&30=@!cC+,'!-,!;0&<!#$3/!&'!0<E0'5,/!0.31#'#:&50=!0:#$'3.!#*!:#',"/!-,!.?$,0=,<!=&>,!+&%+!.5+##=!%&1=./!AC,!50'!-0=>! 3#! )'0$%$103&#'L2d! )'.3,0</!#'!_! O0'$01"!788_/! )!-1#3,! 3#!:"!RIU6#$'<!*1&,'<.b!

!C,==/!-+,'!)!.&%',<!#**!=0.3!'&%+3/!#'!,:0&=/!)!1,0=="!<&<!%#!&'3#!<#-'3#-'!40>=0'</!3#!.,,!-+"!0'<!&*!:"!3#-'!-0.!.3&==!6$1'&'%X&3!-0.@!W#:,!#*!"#$!>'#-! 3+03! )! 1,.&%',<! :"! :0"#10=U0;;#&'3,<! ;#.&3&#'! #*! .,1E&'%!#'! 3+,!I&3&[,'2.!Z#=&5,!`,E&,-!F#01<!*#1!40>=0'<!0'<!:#.3!#*!"#$!>'#-!:"!=#E,!*#1!40>=0'<!0'<!:"!=#E,!*#1!3+,!"#$'%!$160'!*#=>.!&'!:"!3#-'@!C+03!)!.0-!<$1&'%!:"!3-#U;=$.!+#$1./!#'!3+,!.5,',X&'!3+,!:&H/!61#>,!:"!+,013@!G"!+,013!-0.!61#>,'!*#1!:"!:0"#1/!:"!*#1:,1!6#../!-+#!-0.!.#$'<="!6##,<!6"!3+,!"#$3+!0'<!,=<,1.!0.!+,!31&,<!3#!50==!*#1!;,05,!*1#:!3+,!.3,;.!#*!I&3"!


Q0==@!G"!+,01361,0>!&.!01#$'<!0'<!1$'.!#'!<#-'!3#!3+,!10:;0'3!105&.:!3+03!&.!0=&E,!0'<!-,==!-&3+&'!3+,!40>=0'<!Z#=&5,!R,;013:,'3@!4$1!;#=&5,!*#15,!&.!98!;,1!5,'3!'#'U$160'!0'<!3+,"!<#!'#3!=&>,!$.@!Z,1&#<@!cB.!0!.&<,!'#3,/!3+,!310'.&3! ;031#=! &.! '#3! 3+,! 5&3"! ;#=&5,@d! )! #6.,1E,<! 3+,! ;0&'/! 0'%,1/! %1&,*! 0'<!10%,@!C+,'!)!%#3!3#!I&3"!Q0==/!)!31&,<!3#!5#'',53!-&3+!3+,!.30**!0'<!.#U50==,<!5#::$'&3"!=,0<,1./!",3!3+,!*05,!#*!*,01!-0.!3+,!#'="!5#'',53&#'!)!#630&',<@!)!31&,<!3#!<#!-+03!)!<#/!-+&5+!&.!#6.,1E,/!%,3!&'*#1:03&#'/!,E0=$03,!;=0'.!0'<!.,,!&*!)!50'!+,=;!&'!0'"!-0"@!

C+&=,!3+&'%.!-,1,!6$1'&'%!0'<!61,0>&'%!0==!01#$'<!:,!)!-0./!0.!)!0:/!'#3!.501,<!03!0==@!)!#'="!%#3!.501,<!-+,'!0'!#**&5,1!;&5>,<!:,!#$3!#*!#6.5$1&3"!c)!-0.!#'!3+,!#;;#.&3,!.&<,!#*!3+,!.31,,3!*1#:!0!E#=03&=,!,H5+0'%,!6,3-,,'!.#:,!#*!3+,!;1#3,.3#1.!0'<!3+,!;#=&5,@d!Q,!?$&5>="!0'<!0'%1&="!;$==,<!#$3!+&.!6&=="!5=$6/!+,=<!&3!#E,1!:"!+,0<!0'<!3+1,03,',<!:,/!3,==&'%!:,!3#!%,3!:"!A6=0'>2!051#..!3+,!.31,,3!-+,'!)!-0.!'#3!,E,'!&'!3+,!51#-</!&'!3+,!-0"/!&'3,1*,1&'%!#1!&'5&3&'%!Y!'#3+&'%@!)!-0.! .30'<&'%!6"!:".,=*! #6.,1E&'%!,E,1"3+&'%@! )! 31&,<! 3#! .;,0>! 3#!+&:! &'!:"!A<#-'3#-'2!E#&5,!0'<!+,!5#'3&'$,<!3#!;1,..! 3#-01<!:,!-&3+!+&.!Q&3=,1U.3"=,!>',,U+&%+! 6##3./! -+&=,!;$==&'%! 0'<! 3+,'! 10&.&'%!+&.! 30HU<#==01U.$;;=&,<!6&=="!5=$6!+&%+,1!#E,1!:"!*05,@!

X)!-0.!:#13&*&,</!.+#5>,<!0'<!.,1&#$.="!.501,<@!)!-0.!31"&'%!3#!3,==!+&:!#*!:"! <&.6,=&,*! #*! +&:! ,E,'! ,'%0%&'%! 0'<! 6$=="&'%! :,X0==! 3+,! -+&=,! )!-0.!:#E&'%! 605>-01<./! 3#-01<.! I&3"! Q0==! -+,1,! 3+,! #**&5&0=.! +0<! .,0=,<!3+,:.,=E,.!&'.&<,@!)!:#E,<!E,1"!.=#-="/!0-0"!*1#:!+&.!,E&=!0..@!!

4',!#*!#$1!:,<&0U:0=&%',<!$160'!"#$3+!&'J,53,<!+&:.,=*!6,3-,,'!3+,!0'%1"!#**&5,1!0'<!:"!'#-!*1&%+3,',<!.,=*@!Q,!<&<!-+03!$160'!"#$3+!<#X30>,!3+,&1!=&E,.!0'<!*1,,<#:!&'!3+,&1!#-'!+0'<.@!D+,!"#$3+!;$.+,<!:,!0-0"!*1#:!3+,!#**&5,1! &'! 0! ;1#3,53&E,U.#'! .#13! #*! -0"! 0'<! *05,<! #**! -&3+! 3+,! #**&5,1! #'! :"!6,+0=*@!43+,1!$160'!"#$3+!10'!#E,1!0'<!-,1,!;$==&'%!0'<!501,*$=="!;$.+&'%!:,!#$3!#*!+01:2.!-0"!-+&=,!3+&.!"#$'%!:0'!0'<!+&.!;#..,!5$1.,<!0'<!5#'*1#'3,<!3+,!#**&5,1!#'!:"!6,+0=*@!!

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

!


)!<&<!'#3!%,3!3+,!'$:6,1!#*!1,;=&,.!3+03!)!+0<!1,5,&E,<!3#!:"!,:0&=.!3+03!)!+0<!.,'3!3#!3+,.,!=0<&,.!.&'5,!453#6,1!7889@!)!<&<!+0E,!0!.31#'%!%1#$;!#*!-#:,'!-+#!-,1,!%=0<!*#1!:"!.0*,3"/!0;;=0$<,<!:"!A*##=&.+2!610E,1"!0'<!.#:,!-+#!?$,.3&#',<!-+"!)!-#$=<!%#!#$3!&'3#!3+,!A:,..2!#*!3+,!'&%+3!J$.3!0!*,-!<0".!0-0"!*1#:!3+,!,E,'3!#*!0!=&*,3&:,@%%

4.501! K10'32.! :$1<,1,1! -0.! 011,.3,<! #'! ^e! O0'$01"! 788_@! )! =,*3! 40>=0'<! *#1!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI! 3+03!'&%+3/!03!^8@f8!;:/!#'!0!E,1"! *$==! *=&%+3/!-+&=,!:"!5&3"!-0.!0%0&'!6$1'&'%!*#1!4.501!K10'3@!C,/!&'!#$1!310%,<"/!-,1,!0!=#'%!-0"!*1#:!3+,!J#".!#*!F0105>! 460:0/! 3+,! *$'! 0'<! *,.3&E&3&,.! #*! &'0$%$103&#'! Y! .#:,! *#$1! 3+#$.0'<!>&=#:,31,.!0-0"!*1#:!3+,!;031&#3&5!-0E&'%!#*!1,</!-+&3,!0'<!6=$,@!C+&=,!-0&3&'%!3#!6#01<!:"!1,<U,",!*=&%+3/!)!*&,=<,<!J#E&0=!?$,.3&#'.!06#$3!3+,!1,<!0'<!6=$,!;#=&3&50=!;013"!1&66#'.!<,5#103&'%!:"!5011"U#'!60%@!V,./!)!-0'3,<!3#!.$;;#13!F0105>!460:02.!;=,0! *#1/! &'E&303&#'! 3#!0'<!6,=&,*! &'!6&;013&.0'!;#=&3&5.@!C,!<#!'#3!+0E,!6&;013&.0'!;#=&3&5./! '#1! <#! -,! +0E,! 0! +&.3#1"! #*! &'E&3&'%! 3+,! 1,<! 0'<! 3+,! 6=$,! *#=>.! Y! 3+,!`,;$6=&50'!Z013"!0'<!3+,!R,:#5103&5!Z013"!Y!&'!#$1!5#$'31"!3#!5#:,!3#%,3+,1@!C,!<#! '#3! +0E,! 0! +&.3#1"! #*! 6,=&,E&'%! 3+&.! 5#$=<! +0;;,'@! G0"6,! 460:0! -#$=<! %,3!51,<&3!*#1!5+0'%&'%!3+,!-0"!-,!3+&'>/!-#1>!0'<!;=0"!&'!;#=&3&5.!&'!B:,1&50@!

B3!3+,!40>=0'<!B&1;#13!)!0=.#!1,0=&.,<!3+03!;,#;=,!<&<!'#3!-0'3!3#!30=>!06#$3!<#-'3#-'!40>=0'<!6$1'&'%!*&E,!:&'$3,.!0-0"!*1#:!$.@!C,!-,1,!%#&'%!3#!RI@!Z,#;=,!+0<!.;,'3!0!=#3!#*!:#',"!0'<!-,1,!$.&'%!3+,&1!E0503&#'!#1!.&5>!<0".!3#!310E,=!*1#:!#',!.&<,!#*!3+,!]'&3,<!W303,.!3#!3+,!#3+,1!3#!-&3',..!3+,!.-,01&'%U&'!#*!#$1!*&1.3!6=05>!Z1,.&<,'3@!

AC,!1,0=="!<#'23!>'#-!-+03!+0;;,',<!$;!3+,1,!#'!3+03!10;&<!310'.&3!;=03*#1:!#'!\,-! V,012.! TE,! -&3+! 3+03! #**&5,1! 0'<! 4.501! K10'3X2! D+,.,! 50$3&#$.! 5#::,'3.!:0<,!:"!J0-!.3&**,'!0'<!:"!,",.!-03,1@!Q::/!4.501!K10'3!&.!<,0<@!R#!"#$!>'#-!06#$3!3+03(!!

)!<#!'#3!501,!-+03!+0;;,',<!6,*#1,!4.501!K10'3!-0.!:$1<,1,<@!Z,#;=,!.0-!-+03!+0;;,',<@!)!.0-!3+,!E&<,#.!30>,'@!)!.0-!3+,!3,=,E&.&#'!;=0"!3+,!,H,5$3&#'!#E,1!0'<!#E,1!0'<!#E,1!0%0&'@!)!.0-!&3@!V,3!:"!,",./!+,013!0'<!+,0<!50''#3!055,;3!3+03!0!"#$'%!:0'/!=&>,!.#!:0'"!)!>'#-/!-0.!,H,5$3,<!-+&=,!$'01:,</!-&3+!0!>',,!;1,..,<!3#!+&.!',5>/!+&.!6,0$3&*$=!*05,!*#15,<!&'3#!3+,!;0E,:,'3/!-+&=,!+,!;=,0<,<!*#1!3+,!#**&5,1!'#3!3#!30>,!+&.!=&*,@!)!<#!'#3!',,<!3#!>'#-!0'"3+&'%!,=.,@!F$1'/!40>=0'</!6$1'X!

!AS I FOUND!:"! 1#-! 0'<! .,03! #'! 3+,! 0&1;=0',/! )! &:0%&',<!4.5012.! *0:&="!-0.!;1#606="!'#3!;=0''&'%!3#!-&3',..!3+,!&'0$%$103&#'@!)!&:0%&',<!4.501!K10'3!)))/!=&>,!.#!:0'"!#3+,1./!-0'3,<!3#!%#!6$3!1,0.#',<!3+03!3+,!51#-<./!5#.3/!-,03+,1!0'<!.#!#'!-#$=<! :0>,! <#&'%! .#! &:;#..&6=,@! )! &:0%&',<X! C&3+! ,E,1"! :&'$3,! :#E&'%! :,!*$13+,1! *1#:!:"!6,=#E,<!5&3"/! )!5#$=<!'#3! =,0E,!40>=0'</!-&3+!0==!+,1!+$13/! 3,01./!;0&'!0'<!&'J$.3&5,/!6,+&'<@!

D+,!*&E,U+#$1!*=&%+3!-0.!0!:&H!#*!1,.3=,..',../!3,01.!0'<!,H5&3,:,'3@!C0>&'%!*1#:!0!'0;/!)!-&;,<!:"!,",.@!AB==,1%&,./2!)!.0&<!#**U+0'<,<="!3#!3+,!;,1.#'!',H3!3#!:,@!W+,!


-0'3,<!:,!3#!*#5$.!#'!3+,!%##<!3+&'%./!3+,!;#.&3&E,!3+&'%.@!)'!#3+,1!-#1<./!;=,0.,!.+$3!$;!06#$3!4.501!K10'3@!

AM,0E,!40>=0'<!6,+&'<!*#1!0!*,-!<0"./2!.+,!5#$'.,==,<!0.!.+,!.+01,<!+,1!;013"!;=0'.!0'<!,H5&3,:,'3!03!%#&'%!3#!.,,!3+,!460:0.@!W+,!:0<,!3+,!460:0.!.#$'<!=&>,!#=<!*1&,'<.@!)!*#15,<!;=,0.0'3!.:&=,.!0.!.+,!51,03,<!0!:#03!6,3-,,'!:,!0'<!:"!%1&,*/!*&==&'%! &3! -&3+! <,.51&;3&#'.! #*! *#13+5#:&'%! .-0'>"! 5#5>30&=! ;013&,./! 61,0>*0.3!5,=,6103&#'.!0'<!+,1!-01<1#6,!<,30&=.@!!

D+,! ;=0',! '#-! 1,.3,<! 03! 3+,! 011&E0=! %03,! 03! R$==,.! B&1;#13@! C+#! -0.! )!>&<<&'%(! D1"&'%! 3#! =,0E,! 40>=0'<! 6,+&'<! -0.! 0'! 06.$1<! .$%%,.3&#'@! )3! -0.!1&%+3! $;! 3+,1,! -&3+! AC,! <#'23! 1,0=="! >'#-! -+03! +0;;,',<! #'! 3+03! 310'.&3!;=03*#1:X2!)!5#$=<!',E,1!=,0E,!40>=0'<!6,+&'<@!40>=0'<!&.!3+,!5&3"!3+03!.3&1.!:"!.#$=/!61&'%.!:,!;0&'!0'<!61&'%.!:,!J#"@!40>=0'<!&.!3+,!5&3"!-+,1,!)!=,01',<!06#$3!3+,!Q0==.!#*!I#'%1,../!3+,!;#-,1.!#*!3+,!W,'03,/!0'<!-+,1,!)!=,01',<!3+03!)!-#$=<!.,,!0!6=05>!:0'!6,5#:,!Z1,.&<,'3@!40>=0'<!&.!-+,1,!)!-0.!6#1'@!)3!&.!-+,1,!%1,-!$;/!-,'3!3#!.5+##=!0'<!%#3!:"!*&1.3!J#6!#$3!#*!5#==,%,@!)!-#1>,<!03!I&3"!Q0==/!&'!3+,!5&3"!:0'0%,12.!#**&5,@!40>=0'<!&.!-+,1,!:"!.#'/!'#-!3-,'3"U3-#/!-0.!6#1'@!40>=0'<! &.!-+,1,! 3+,!.#'!#*!0'#3+,1!:#3+,1!<&,<!0! *,-!<0".!0%#/!0%,<!3-,'3"U3-#/!0'<!50$.,<!:"!5&3"!3#!5#:,!0=&E,@!

`,31&,E&'%! :"! 60%! -&3+! 3+,! =01%,! 1,<! 0'<! 6=$,! <,5#103&E,! 1&66#'.! *1#:! 3+,!#E,1+,0<!6&'/!)!*#5$.,<!#'!3+,!%103&3$<,!)!+0<!*#1!6,&'%!&'!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI/!-+&5+!&.!0'#3+,1!+#:,!#*!.#13.!*#1!:,@!C+,'!)!-0.!-#1>&'%!#'!:"!:0.3,12.!<,%1,,!&'!;$6=&5!0<:&'&.3103&#'!)!=&E,<!&'!K,#1%,3#-'@!)!-0.!0!5#'%1,..&#'0=!&'3,1'!#'!3+,!+&==!0'<!)!0=.#!-#1>,<!&'!3+,!=#66"&.3!#**&5,!*#1!3+,!I&3"!#*!M#.!B'%,=,.@!)!1,:,:6,1!+#-!$;.,3!)!-0.!-+,'!)!=,01',<!3+03!40>=0'<!+0<!'#3!0==#503,<!1,.#$15,.!3#!.,5$1,!0!*,<,10=!=#66"&.3!=&>,!M#.!B'%,=,.@!C+03!)!<&<!'#3!>'#-!-0.!3+03!40>=0'<2.!I#'%1,..:0'/!`#'0=<!g!R,==$:./!-+#!)!&'3,1',<!*#1/!-0.!.$5+!0!<,,;="!1,.;,53,<!0'<!,**,53&E,!*#15,!3+03!0'"!=#66"&.3!#1!3,0:!-#$=<!;0=,!&'!5#:;01&.#'@!40>=0'<!<&<!'#3!',,<!0!=#66"&.3!&'!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI!605>!&'!^_9fb!&3!+0<!R,==$:.@!

C+,'!3+,!.+$33=,!<1#;;,<!:,!03!:"!&''!)!31&,<!3#!*#1%,3!06#$3!4.501!K10'3!0'<!5#::&33,<! 3#! >,,;&'%! :"! 3+#$%+3.! #'! F0105>! 460:0@! )! 50==,<! +#:,! 3#! =,3! :"!*0:&="!>'#-!)!+0<!011&E,<!.0*,="@!G"!+$.60'<!-0.!+0;;"! 3#!+,01! *1#:!:,!0'<!0.>,<!0!6033,1"!#*!?$,.3&#'.!06#$3!+#-!,H5&3&'%!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI!:$.3!6,@!)!%0E,!+&:! #',U-#1<! &'055$103,! 0'.-,1.b! AV,./2! AW$1,/2! 0'<! AB++X2! D+,'! )! 0.>,<! 3+,!6$1'&'%!?$,.3&#'.!)!-0'3,<!0'.-,1.!3#b!AC+03!+0;;,',<(!C+03!+0;;,',<!=0.3!'&%+3!0*3,1!)!=,*3(2!

Q,!;0$.,<@! )! >'#-!-+,'!+,!;0$.,.! &3! &.! '#3! %##<@! AC,==/2! +,! .3013,<@! A)!-,'3!<#-'3#-'!0*3,1!)!<1#;;,<!"#$!#**!03!3+,!0&1;#13!0'<!3+&'%.!+0<!%#33,'!-#1.,@!D+,!-&'<#-.!#*!:0'"!#*!3+,!6$.&',..,.!-,1,!61#>,'/!:#1,!*&1,.!-,1,!.,3/!;,#;=,!1,0=="!*#$%+3!-&3+! 3+,!;#=&5,! 0'<! 3+,!#**&5,1.! .3013,<!6=#5>&'%!#**!:0'"!#*! 3+,! .31,,3.@! )!0=:#.3!%#3!310;;,<!&'.&<,!3+,![#',!3+,"!+0<!.,3!$;@!)3!-0.!60</!G,=#<"@2!


A4>0"@!R0E,/!>,,;!:,!;#.3,<!0'<!;=,0.,!<#!'#3!3+1#-!0-0"!0'"!',-.;0;,1.@!)!-0'3!3#!1,0<!,E,1"3+&'%!-1&33,'!06#$3!4.501!K10'3!0'<!)!-0'3!3#!>'#-!-+03!;,#;=,!03!+#:,!+0E,!3#!.0"!06#$3!F0105>/!G&5+,==,/!G0=&0!0'<!W0.+0@2!

AQ,"/!+0E,!0!%##<!3&:,@!D0>,!=#3.!#*!;&53$1,.!Y!0'<!G,=#<"/!3+&'%.!-&==!6,!*&',!&'!40>=0'<@2!

A)!-&==X0'<!R0E&</!"#$!:0>,!.$1,!"#$!30>,!501,!#*!:"!5&3"@!F",@2!!

WHEN I HUNG!$;!)!-#'<,1,<!+#-!)!-#$=<!6,!06=,!3#!,'J#"!3+,!\03&#'0=!Z#1310&3!K0==,1"! &'! 0! 5#$;=,! #*! +#$1.@! )! -0.! <#&'%! ,E,1"3+&'%! )! 5#$=<! 3#! >,,;! :"!5#::&3:,'3!3#!+0E&'%!0!%##<!3&:,@!!

B'!$'#**&5&0=!",3!?$&3,!;#;$=01!;#1310&3!#*!Z1,.&<,'3UT=,53!460:0!-0.!0=1,0<"!3+,!5,'31,!#*! 5#'31#E,1."@!W,,:,<! =&>,! .#:,!;,#;=,!-,1,!'#3!+0;;"! 3+03! 3+,!%0==,1"/!-+,1,!3+,!#**&5&0=!;#1310&3!#*!,E,1"!Z1,.&<,'3!#*!3+,!]'&3,<!W303,.!#*!B:,1&50!+0'%./!+0<!;=05,<!0!=01%,!;#1310&3!#*!3+,!Z1,.&<,'3UT=,53!$'<,1',03+!#1!6,+&'<!0!.30&150.,@!!

D+03! &.!0=.#!-+03!+0;;,'.! 3#!6##>.!-1&33,'!6"!B*1&50'UB:,1&50'!0$3+#1.b!#$1!6##>.!01,!.+,=E,<!$'<,1',03+!3+,!,.50=03#1/!#'!3+,!-0==!*05&'%!3+,!605>!#*!3+,!.3#1,/!#1!3$5>,<!#'!.+,=E,.!5=#.,!3#!3+,!605>!<##1!-+,1,!3+,!5#**,,!&.!.,1E,<@!C+03!-0.!%#&'%!#'!<#-'!03!3+,!\03&#'0=!Z#1310&3!K0==,1"(!)3!-0.!3&:,!3#!.,,!*#1!:".,=*!-+03!;#..&6=,!&'J$.3&5,!-0.!6#&=&'%!#E,1!+,1,@!

D+,! C0.+&'%3#'! ',-.;0;,1! .0&<! 3+03! '#! #3+,1! ;1,.&<,'3&0=! ;#1310&3! +0<!50$.,<!.$5+!<&E&.&#'@!B!%,',1#$.!;,1.;,53&E,!'#3,<!3+03!'#!#3+,1!;1,.&<,'3U,=,53!+0<!0!;#1310&3!<&.;=0",<!03!3+,!%0==,1"/!.#!;,#;=,!',,<,<!3#!.3#;!=##>&'%!03!&3!0.!0!105&0=! &'5&<,'3@!Q&.!;#1310&3!6,&'%!1,:#E,<!*1#:!3+,!\03&#'0=!Z#1310&3!K0==,1"2.!;,1:0','3!;1,.&<,'3&0=!,H+&6&3!-0.!0!:033,1!#*!;1#3#5#=/!'#3+&'%!:#1,@!

AC+03(2!)!51&,<!#$3!&'!:"!?$0&'3!&'0$%$103&#'U3+,:,U<,5#103,<!1##:/!0.!)!1,0<!3+,! 013&5=,@! AD+,"! 1,:#E,<! +&.! ;#1310&3! 0=1,0<"(2! D+,! 013&5=,! 5#'3&'$,<! 3+03! 3+,!;#1310&3!6,&'%!<&.;=0",<!-&3+!3+,!#3+,1!;1,.&<,'3.!-0.!0!6&%!:&.30>,!0'<!5#'5=$<,<!3+03!F0105>!460:0!+0<!",3!3#!6,!.-#1'!&'3#!#**&5,!Y!+,!-0.!'#3!",3!Z1,.&<,'3/!0'<!+&.!;#1310&3!+0<!3#!6,!1,:#E,<!&::,<&03,="@!!

G0'"!-,1,!#$310%,<!0'<!-1#3,! 3#! 3+,!',-.;0;,1! 3+03! 3+,"!6,=&,E,<!B:,1&50!-0.! 0=1,0<"! .+#-&'%! &3.! 1,.&.30'5,! 3#! ,=,53&'%! 0! 6=05>! :0'! 0.! Z1,.&<,'3@! 43+,1.!-1#3,!3+03!&3!-0.!305>"!0'<!+$13*$=!*#1!3+,!0$3+#1!&'3,1;1,3&'%!;1#3#5#=!3#!+&'3!3+03!F0105>!460:0!:0"!6,!0..0..&'03,<!6,*#1,!+,!3##>!3+,!#03+!#*!#**&5,@!B3!3+03!;#&'3!)!*#=<,<!3+,!',-.;0;,1!0'<!.0&<!",3!0'#3+,1!;10",1!*#1!F0105>!460:0!0'<!*#1! 3+,!.#$=!#*!4.501!K10'3!)))@!!

B.!)!$';05>,</!)!3$1',<!#'!-+03!=##>,<!=&>,!0!',-!3,=,E&.&#'!.,3!&'!:"!1##:@!B!3,=,E&.&#'!&'!0!1##:!03!0!6,<!0'<!61,0>*0.3!&''!&.!101,@!D+,!;1#;1&,3#1!,H;=0&',<!3+03!.&'5,!&3!-0.!3+,!&'0$%$103&#'!.+,!:0<,!.$1,!;,#;=,!5#$=<!.,,!,E,1"3+&'%!-+&=,!3+,"!-,1,!03!+,1!&''@!B3!3+,!;1&5,.!.+,!-0.!5+01%&'%/!3+03!.,,:,<!*0&1!,'#$%+@!)!-#$=<!#'="!.30"!+,1,! *#1! *#$1!'&%+3./!6,*#1,! )!:#E,<! &'3#!0!+#$.,!)!-#$=<!.+01,!-&3+!0!


*1&,'<! *1#:! W0510:,'3#@! B==! 055#::#<03&#'! &'! C0.+&'%3#'! -0.! 6##>,<! #$3! 03!31&;=,!#1!?$0<1$;=,!3+,!1,%$=01!103,@!)!-0.!3#=<!.,E,10=!3&:,.!3+03!1##:.!+0<!6,,'!6##>,<!*#1!#E,1!0!",01@!

G0"#1!B<1&0'!a,'3"/!#*!C0.+&'%3#'/!RI/!&.!0!.310'%,!*,==#-@!Q,!-0.!#'!Dg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

!SUCH TELEVISED DIRECTIONS/! ;=,0.! 0'<! ,E,'3$0=="! 3+1,03.! #*! 011,.3!;,1:,03,<! 3+,! 0&1-0E,.! #*! 6#3+! 5&3&,.! #E,1! 3+,! ',H3! 5#$;=,! #*! ",01.@! D+,! 3&:,!6,3-,,'!O0'$01"!788_!0'<!'#-!+0.!6,,'!3#$%+@!4$1!5#$'31"2.!3,;&<!3#!+03,U=05,<!1,.;#'.,!3#!3+,!=,0<,1.+&;!#*!Z1,.&<,'3!F0105>!460:0/!&'!30'<,:!-&3+!3+,!E01&#$.!5#:;#','3.!#*!3+,!+&%+="!,:#3&#'0=!31&0=!*#1!3+,!:$1<,1!#*!4.501!K10'3/!+0E,!=,*3!:0'"!$',0."@!

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

)!0:!;$[[=,<!3+03!:#3+,1.!#*!0==!105,.!01,!'#3!,'10%,<!06#$3!3+,!:$1<,1!#*!3+,!"#$'%! :0'/! 0'<! #*! 3+,! :0'"! "#$'%! :,'! #*! 5#=#$1! ,H,5$3,<! ,E,1"! <0"@! )! 0:!%$01<,</! 0=,13! 0'<! ,'%0%,<! &'!<&.5$..&#'.! 06#$3! 3+,!-#1.,',<! 5#'<&3&#'.! #*! 3+,!6=05>!:&<<=,!5=0../!0'<!)!0:!5=,01!3+03!3+,.,!5#'<&3&#'.!01,!'#3!6,50$.,!-,!+0E,!0!6=05>!Z1,.&<,'3@!!

)!+0E,!3#!6,=&,E,!3+03!3+&'%.!-&==!%,3!6,33,1!*#1!,E,1"6#<"/!.#!)!;10"@!)!;10"!*#1!0!5#$'31"!3+03!50'!#',!<0"!,10<&503,!3+,!+$13/!3+,!;0&'/!0'<!<1"!3+,!3,01.!3+03!*0==!*1#:!3+,!*05,!#*!#3+,1.@!)!;10"!*#1!3+,!.501,</!3+,!3+1,03,',</!0'<!*#1!3+#.,!-+#!+0E,!'#!5#:;0..&#'!*#1!3+,!#3+,1!:0'/!+&.!*,==#-!:0'/!3+,!:0'!&'!3+,!C+&3,!Q#$.,!0'<!3+,!:0'!-+#!<&,<!#'!3+,!310'.&3!;=03*#1:@!)!;10"!*#1!*#1%&E,',..!0'<!J$.3&5,!.#!-,!:0"!+0E,!;,05,/!;1#.;,1&3"!0'<!3+,!;$1.$&3!#*!+0;;&',..@!!

!

Melody L Fuller is a master of fine arts student at Stonecoast, in Maine. She is working on a memoir entitled ‘One Suitcase Now: A Woman’s Travel Confessions and Recollections’.


MEMOIR

The true history of the Circus Bluff, lies and feats of skill

David Carlin

IF!"!#$!%&!'()%*!%+*!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+*!0)(1,-2!"!$,-%!-%#(%!3.!%*44)56!.&,!+&'!$.!6)(4/()*57! (#5! &//! ')%+! %+*! -)4*5%! 14&'58! 9:#(;&<=! '*! 1#44*7! &,%! %&! +)$! #1(&--! %+*!3&(7*(!/(&$!>&,%+!?,-%(#4)#2!$.!4&.#4!/()*57-!5,(-)56!$.!*6&8!!

@+*! 7(#$#! +#7! ,5/&47*7! )5! >.75*.2! 1)%.! &/! #7A*5%,(*2! (&$#51*! #57! %(#6*7.2!'+*(*! %+*! -,$$*(! (#)5! ;*4%-! 7&'5! &5! %+*! B&(*%&5! C#.! /)6-! #57! %+*! -,4%(.! #)(!3(**7-!*$&%)&58!D*!4#.!)5!#!3*7(&&$!)5!E*'%&'5!F!5&%!%+*!%+(**!&/!,-2!3,%!)%!$#.!#-!'*44!+#A*!3**58!"!+#7!1&$*!&A*(!/(&$!?7*4#)7*!%&!A)-)%!+*(2!$.!5*'4.!%&,()56!1)(1,-!6)(42!3,%!&5!&,(!/)(-%!5)6+%!#-!'*!4#.!%+*(*! )5!%+*!7#(G5*--! )%!'#-!14*#(! %+#%!-&$*%+)562!#-!%+*.!-#.!)5!%+*!$&A)*-2!+#7!1+#56*7!/&(*A*(8!!

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

>+*!7)75=%!4#-%!4&56!)5!%+*!0)(1,-2!3.!1)(1,-!-%#57#(7-8!>+*!'#-!#!34&'H)5!/(&$!%+*#%(*2!#5!#1%&(!(&$#51)56!%+*!1#(5)*-8!>+*!'#-!/,55.!#57!%#4*5%*72!1&,47!(,5!/(&$!#!1&$*7.!(&,%)5*!%&!;4#.)56!#5!)5-%(,$*5%!)5!%+*!3#57!%&!#,6$*5%)56!%+*!5,$3*(-!)5!#5!#1(&3#%)1!6(&,;!#1%8!C,%!-+*!/&,57!%+*!4#1G!&/!-%(,1%,(*7!(*+*#(-#4-!/(,-%(#%)562!%+*! -%(#56*! 1(*#%)A*! ;(&1*--! &;#K,*! #57! 1+#&%)18! @+*! -)4*5%! 14&'52! 3.! 1&5%(#-%2!-%#.*7!/&(!.*#(-2!#!$#L&(!/)6,(*!&5-%#6*!#57!&//8!C,%!%+*)(!4)A*-2!*A*5!#/%*(!%+*.!+#7!4*/%!*#1+!&%+*(!#57!%+*!1)(1,-2!(*$#)5*7!*5%')5*7!')%+!)%8!:*!$#(()*7!#57!7)A&(1*7!%+*! 6)(4! /(&$! ?43,(.! '+&! -%#(%*7! &//! '&(G)56! 3#1G-%#6*! #57! *57*7! ,;! ')7*4.!(*6#(7*7!#-!&5*!&/!%+*!/,55)*-%!;*(/&($*(-!)5!%+*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+*!%(&,;*8!@+*!?1%&(!$&A*7!)5!')%+!&5*!&/!%+*!4&56*-%H-*(A)56!/&,57*(-8!

D+.!#$!"!6&--);)562!'+*5!"!;(&$)-*7!+)-%&(.I!

DAVID CARLIN: The true history of the Circus 141

THE TRUE HISTORY!&/!%+)-!1)(1,-2!'+)1+!#%!)%-!)51*;%)&5!'#-!6)A*5!%+*!-,)%#34.!#$3)%)&,-!5#$*!0)(1,-!?,-%(#4)#!F!&(2!$&(*!/#$&,-4.2!0)(1,-!MN!/&(!-+&(%!F!-+&,47!#4-&!1&5%#)5!#!-1*5*!/(&$!>&,%+!?$*()1#8!"5!/#1%2!%+*(*!-+&,47!3*!$#5.8!M5*!%+#%!%+*!0)(1,-!)%-*4/!4&A*-!%&!(*$*$3*(2!/&(!)%-!$#6)1#4!(*#4)-%!1&55&%#%)&5-!#-!$,1+!#-!#5.!&%+*(! (*#-&52! )5A&4A*-! ;*(/&($)56! #%! %+*! 4*6*57#(.! 64#--! &;*(#! +&,-*! )5! %+*!C(#N)4)#5!L,564*!#%!0,()%)3#8!?5&%+*(!)-!#!-1*5*!#%!#!0&4&$3)#5!#)(;&(%2!)5!'+)1+!#!1*(%#)5!0)(1,-!MN!;*(/&($*(!$#5#6*7!%&!;*(-,#7*!%+*!#)(4)5*!14*(G!%&!4*%!+)$!1+*1G!)5!,;'#(7-!&/! /)/%.!3#6-!&/! 4,66#6*!F! %+*! %&%#4!3*4&56)56-!&/!+)-!5*'!0&4&$3)#5!/)#51O*!F!')%+&,%!;#.)56!#5!*J1*--!3#66#6*!/**8!@+)-!4#%%*(!%#4*!$#.2!"!-,-;*1%2!+#A*!3*1&$*!*J#66*(#%*7!)5!%+*!%*44)562!3,%!)5!#!1)(1,-!.&,!1#5!5*A*(!%*442!#/%*(!#442!'+)1+!%()1G-!#(*!/*#%-!&/!-G)44!%+#%!%#G*!.*#(-!%&!$#-%*(!#57!'+)1+!#(*!34,//!#57!4)*-8!

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

"!'#-!-$)%%*58!>+*!-#)7W!9"=44!7()A*!.&,!+&$*8!D+*(*!7&!.&,!'#5%!$*!%&!%#G*!.&,I=!!"!-#)7W!9B.!3(&%+*(=-8=!!C,%!%+*!7)(*1%)&5-!"!6#A*!3*1#$*!$&(*!#57!$&(*!&3-1,(*2!#-!'*!'&,57!3#1G!#57!

/&(%+!7&'5!C(,5-')1G!-)7*!-%(**%-2!,5%)4!"!-#)72!9X&,!1#5!L,-%!;,44!&A*(!+*(*8=!"%!'#-!)5! $.! 3(&%+*(=-! -%(**%! 3,%! /,(%+*(! 7&'52! '+*(*! %+*(*! #(*! 5&! +&,-*-! &5! &5*! -)7*2!)5-%*#7!#!')7*!A*(6*!,57*(!-&$*!3)6!&47!%(**-8!"%!'#-!#!3)%!4)G*!6&)56!%&!#!7()A*H)5!')%+&,%!#!-1(**58!D*!-%#.*7!%+*(*!)5!%+*!1#(!#'+)4*2!,5%)4!'*!/*4%!4)G*!$&A)562!&54.!3.!5&'!)%!'#-5=%!%&!$.!3(&%+*(=-!#5.$&(*8!!


>&!'*!1#,6+%!%+*!;4#5*!%&!C&6&%#!%&6*%+*(2!4)6+%4.2!#4%+&,6+!)5!%+*!*57!"!#(()A*7!&5!$.!&'52!3*1#,-*!-+*!+#7!%&!'#)%!3*+)57!)5!B)#$)!%&!+*4;!&5*!&/!%+*!%*1+5)1)#5-!'+&-*! -&,57! 6*#(! +#7! $)--*7! #! 1&55*1%)56! /4)6+%8! @+*! 1#3)5! &/! %+*! /4)6+%! /(&$!B)#$)!-&,%+!"!(*$*$3*(!#-!3*)56!/,44!&/!'+)%*6&&7-2!'*#4%+.!-+&;;*(-!(*%,(5)56!+&$*!')%+!%+*)(!3&&%.8!

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

C&6&%#! $#7*! -*5-*! &/! [#(1\#! B](K,*N8! ?! +&(-*$#5! ')%+! #! ;.%+&5! '(#;;*7!#(&,57!+)-!5*1G!(&7*!;#-%!&5*!7#.!)5!%+*!1*5%(#4!3,-)5*--!7)-%()1%8!C#(3*1,*7!-'**%!1&(5!-)NN4*7!)5!%+*!-%(**%!3*4&'!%+*!3,44()568!E)6+%14,3-!'*(*!/(**!%&!*5%*(2!3,%!%&!4*#A*!.&,!+#7!%&!3,.!#!3&%%4*!&/!-;)()%-!&(!*K,)A#4*5%!F!'+)1+!.&,!'*(*!#44&'*7!%&!7()5G!3,%!5&%!%#G*!')%+!.&,8!@&!14*#(!-%(#664*(-!4#%*!#%!5)6+%!%+*.!4*%!&//!%*#(!6#-8!!

@+*!5)6+%4)/*!#(*#!'#-!1#44*7!^#!_&5#!U&--#!F!%+*!(*7!N&5*8!"5!#!-)7*!-%(**%!+*(*!%+*!1)(1,-!%*5%!'#-!;)%1+*72!&5!#!3#(*!;#%1+!&/!4#57!3*+)57!+)6+!'#44-8!

@+*!0)(1,-!#(()A*7!)5!%&'52!#-!,-,#42!-*A*(#4!7#.-!3*/&(*!%+*!/)(-%!;*(/&($#51*2!%&!/)%! %+*!-+&'!)5%&! %+*!5*'!A*5,*!#57!1&$;4*%*! %+*!5*1*--#(.! %*1+5)1#4!#57!-#/*%.!1+*1G-8!@+*.!1&,47!5*A*(!3*!-,(*!#/%*('#(7-!'+*%+*(2!)5!%+)-!1#-*2!#(()A)56!*#(4)*(!'&,47! +#A*! $#7*! #5.! 7)//*(*51*! %&! +&'! %+)56-! %,(5*7! &,%2! &(! '+*%+*(2! #-! ')%+!>.75*.!/&(!$*2!C&6&%#!-)$;4.!(*K,)(*7!*#1+!A)-)%&(!%&!*J;*1%!#!1*(%#)5!#$&,5%!&/!7(#$#!%&!,5/&47!F!#!%#J!4*A)*7!3.!%+*!(#(*/)*7!$&,5%#)5!#)(8!

"5!C&6&%#!#%!%+)-!%)$*2!%+*!*4*1%()1)%.!%*57*7!%&!6&!&//!*#1+!#/%*(5&&5!/&(!-*A*(#4!+&,(-8! "%! $)6+%! &(! )%! $)6+%! 5&%`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


0*(%#)5!)$;&(%#5%!4&1#44.!-&,(1*7!)%*$-2!-,1+!#-!-%#6)56!$#%*()#4-!S%+*!1)(1,-!()56!)%-*4/<T!'*(*!1&5-;)1,&,-!3.!%+*)(!#3-*51*2!#57!:#(;&!%+*!14&'52!5&'!%+*-*!.*#(-!4#%*(! 7)(*1%)56! %+*! -+&'! F! 5&%! ')%+&,%! -;*#G)562! )5! 1#-*! .&,! #(*! '&57*()562! #-!'&,47! +#A*! 3**5! 7*4)6+%/,4! 3,%! #3-,(7! F! +#7! 7)-;#%1+*7! +)$-*4/! +*(&)1#44.! ')%+!U&$*(&! )5! #! %#J)! %&! #! 7)-%#5%! ;#(%! &/! %+*! 1)%.! '+*(*2! )%! '#-! (,$&,(*72! -,)%#34*!+#(7'#(*!$)6+%!3*!/&,578!!

@+*-*! 7*4#.-! #57! &%+*(! /#1%&(-2! 5&'! 4&-%! )5! %)$*2! 1&5-;)(*7! %&! 3()56! ,-! %&! %+*!-1*5*!)5!K,*-%)&52!&5!%+*!#/%*(5&&5!#57!*A*5)56!&/!%+*!&;*5)56!5)6+%8!!

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̀5&!%)$*!/&(!%+*$!%&!/#$)4)#()-*!%+*$-*4A*-!')%+!%+*! -+&'! %+#%! %+*.! '*(*! +&;)56! %&! )44,$)5#%* !̀ 5&! %)$*! /&(! $.! /()*57! %&! /#$)4)#()-*!+*(-*4/!')%+!%+*!'&(7-!-+*!'#-!+&;)56!%&!;(&5&,51*8!E&'2!#%!%+*!4#-%!$&$*5%2!#!/)(-%!#57! /)5#4! (*+*#(-#4! +#7! 3**5! -1+*7,4*7! )5! 7*-;*(#%)&5! )$$*7)#%*4.! 3*/&(*! %+*! /)(-%!-+&'2!%+*!;&'*(!'#-!&,%!#57!5&%+)56!1&,47!3*!7&5*8!

U&$*(&!-#)7!%+#%!%+*!/*-%)A#4!7)(*1%&(!'&,47!;,%!)5!#!1#44!%&!%+*!a(*-)7*5%!#3&,%!%+*! 34#1G&,%8! "5! %+*! $*#5%)$*2! #-! %+*! #7A*(%)-*7! -+&'! %)$*! -4);;*7! /,(%+*(! #57!/,(%+*(!3*+)57!,-2!#-!%+*!-+#7&'-!&/!%+*!$&,5%#)5-!4*56%+*5*7!#57!%+*!%+&,-#57-!$#--*7!&,%-)7*!%+*!'#44!6(*'!$&(*!A&1#4!#57!)$;#%)*5%2!%+*!5*(A&,-!%*5-)&5!%+#%!#11&$;#5)*-!#5.!&;*5)56!5)6+%!3*6#5!%&!()-*!#57!;&;!#57!34)-%*(!4)G*!#!.*#-%!7&,6+8!!

"!+#;;*5*7!%&!3*!-)%%)56!,-*4*--4.!)5!%+*!*$;%.!34*#1+*(-8!"%!'#-!#%!%+)-!$&$*5%!%+#%!$.!/()*57!%,(5*7!%&!$*8!"!'#-!#3&,%!%&!;*(/&($!$.!1)(1,-!7*3,%2!&5!/&44&'H-;&%2! )5!Z564)-+8!?5&%+*(!1)(1,-!+#56*(H&5!#57!"!'*(*!K,)1G4.!#--)65*7!%&'*(-!&/!()1G*%.!-1#//&47)56`!'*!#-1*57*7! %&!&,(!;&-)%)&5-!#57!'*(*!-+&'5! )5!7)$!%+*&(.!+&'!%+*!4)6+%-!'&,47!&;*(#%*2!)/!#57!'+*5!%+*!;&'*(!1#$*!3#1G!&58!!

@+*! 34#1G&,%! *57*7! ')%+&,%! /#5/#(*2! #-! 34#1G&,%-! 7&2! 6#4A#5)-)56! #! /4,((.! &/!#1%)A)%.!)5-)7*!%+*!3)6!%&;2!#-!#44!1&51*(5*7!+#-%*5*7!%&!3*!(*#7.!/&(!%+*!3(*#G)56!&/!%+*! -)*6*8! "%! '#-! -&$*'+*(*! 3*%'**5! %'&! #57! /&,(! +&,(-! F! %&! #7&;%! #! ^#%)5!


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

?%!%+*!*57!%+*.!-%&&7!,;!#57!-+&,%*7!!"#$%&'(&)*!"#$%&'(&)!@+*.!'*(*!(*#7.!%&!L&)5!,-!&5!%+*!3*#1+*-!&/![#44);&4)2!#%%#1G)56!%+*!@,(G-!')%+!/*#%+*(!7,-%*(-8!U&$*(&! 6()55*72! %+*! ;*(/&($*(-! 3&'*72! :#(;&! 6()55*7! #57! 3&'*78! ?/%*(!%+#%2!C&6&%#!&;*5*7!)%-*4/!/&(!7#51)568!

D+#%!)-!#!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+*!0)(1,-I!0&,47!-,1+!#!%+)56!*A*(!3*!#6(**7!,;&5I!D+&!'&,47!3*!%+*!&5*!%&!'()%*!)%I!M(!'&,47!)%!5&%!3*!&5*!3,%!$#5.2!/&(!-+&,475=%!%+*!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+)-!&3-%)5#%*4.!7*$&1(#%)1!1)(1,-!3*!#!1#(5)A#4!&/!)$;(*--)&5-2!#!;+#5%#-$#6&()#!&/!1+*#;!7*%#)4-!#57!*5%)1)56!4)*-I!"/!-&2!+&'!%&!7&!)%I!!

"!1&5/*--2!#44!&/!%+)-!"!1&$*!%&!$*5%)&5!&54.!3*1#,-*!&/!%+*!3&J*-2!(*#44.8!C&J*-!)5!%+*!3#1G!(&&$!&/! %+*!0)(1,-=-!+&$*!)5!a&(%!B*43&,(5*2!'+)1+!,-*7!%&!3*!#!;&-%!&//)1*!5*J%!7&&(!%&!%+*!E#A.!V()44!:#448!@+*!3&J*-!F!&(2!'+*(*!#!-*$34#51*!&/!&(7*(!+#-!3**5!#1+)*A*72!%+*!-+*4A*-!F!1&5%#)5!%+*!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+)-!1)(1,-!)5!A)7*&!/&($8!?!4&56!4)5*!&/!1+,5G)4.!/#$)4)#(!b:>!%#;*-2!'+)1+!5&%!-&!4&56!#6&!/)44*7! %+*! 4&1#4! A)7*&! -%&(*! 3,%! 5&'! -**$! 34#1G! #57! +*#A.2! #57! (#%%4*!,51&5A)51)564.2! 4*#7! 3#1G! 4)G*! 7&$)5&*-! %&! %+*)(! *A&4,%)&5#(.! /&(*3*#(-! /(&$!%+*!PQcR-!#57!=d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


-;)5*!&/!&5*!-,1+!#51*-%&(8!@+*!/)(-%!%)$*!"!*A*(!-#'!%+*!1)(1,-!'#-!#%!%+*!a#()-!@+*#%(*2! $.! /()*57! %&47! $*! &51*8! "! '#-! 5)5*%**5! .*#(-! &47! #57! )5! %+#%! A*(.!#,7)*51*!&5!%+#%!A*(.!5)6+%!"!$#7*!,;!$.!$)57!"!'#5%*7!%&!L&)5!%+*$8!!

D+#%!'#-!)%!*J#1%4.!-+*!/*4%!#57!-#'!%+#%!5)6+%!)5!>.75*.I!?57!)/!"!1&,47!/)57!%+*!(#(*!#57!;(*1)&,-!A)7*&!;4#.*(2!4&A)564.!$#)5%#)5*72!%+#%!&51*!,;&5!#!%)$*!'&,47!+#A*!3**5!#!3&6H-%#57#(7!;)*1*!&/!/,%,()-%)1!'&57*(2!4)G*!#5!)a#7!)-!%&7#.2!%+*!A)7*&!;4#.*(! )5A*5%*7! /&(! %+*! /4**%)56!A&6,*!&/! %+)-!;#(%)1,4#(! %#;*! /&($#%2! %+*!5#$*!&/!'+)1+! #44! 3,%! #! A*(.! /*'! /#5#%)1-! +#A*! 5&'! /&(6&%%*52! #57! )/! "! 1&,47! ;(*--! %+*!5*1*--#(.!3,%%&5-2!*56#6*! %+*!$.-%*()&,-!$&%&(-!#57! %+*(*3.!7)-;4#.! %+*!A)-)&5-!/(&$!%+)-!%#;*!,;&5!#!-1(**52!#57!4&&G!#%!%+*$!')%+!+*(I!0&,47!-+*!/)57!)%!%+*(*2!%+*!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+#%!5)6+%2!#%!4*#-%I!!

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e#5*H-%.4*2! %+*! /)J*7! 1#$*(#! -%*#7/#-%4.! (*/,-)56! )5%)$#1.I! C,%! )-! %+*(*! #!U&-*3,7!+*(*!%&&I!?5!&//H%+*H1,//!K,);!%&!%+*!#,7)*51*2!#5!)7)&-.51(#%)1!6*-%,(*2!#!1+&(*&6(#;+*7!$&A*$*5%!&/!-+**(!34)--/,4!*5*(6.2!#!K,)5%*--*5%)#4!;)*1*!&/!-,34)$*!7#66)5*--!S#(6,#34.!?,-%(#4)#=-!%(,*-%!1,4%,(#4!5&%*TI!!

"2! %+*! 1,()&,-! &54&&G*(2! $)6+%! /)57! -&$*%+)56! %&! #$,-*! &(! 7*4)6+%! $*2! #57! "!$)6+%!3*6)5!%&!1&55*1%!%+*!;)1%,(*-!3*/&(*!$*!')%+!&%+*(!$*$&()*-W!%+*!/)(-%!%)$*!"!-#'!0)(1,-!MN2!*#(4)*(!%+#%!-#$*!.*#(!&/!PQdR2!)5!#!-$#44!%*5%!;)%1+*7!&5!#5!)-4#57!)5!%+*!>'#5!U)A*(!*-%,#(.!&/!a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

C,%!'+#%!'&,47!$.!/()*572!')%5*--! %&! %+*!0)(1,-!MN!;*(/&($#51*!#%! %+*!a#()-!@+*#%(*2!$#G*!&/!'+#%!-+*!-**-!#57!+*#(-!,5(&44*7!/(&$!%+#%!&47!-;&&4I!D&,47!%+*!


'#%1+)56!&/! )%! 1&5L,(*!&(!*(#-*! %+*!$*$&()*-!-+*!1#(()*-! )5!+*(!3&7.I!D&,47! %+*!A)7*&! ;)1%,(*-! #57! -&,57-2! 4)G*! #! -;#(G4.! 4,(*2! #%%(#1%! #44! $#55*(! &/! /&(6&%%*5!)$;(*--)&5-! /(&$! %+*! 7*;%+-! &/! +*(! ,51&5-1)&,-I! M(! '&,47! %+*.2! 3.! 1&5%(#-%2! 3*!-%(#56*4.!,5(*1&65)-#34*2!;,-+)56!%+*!*A*5%!#'#.!/(&$!+*(2!#-! )/! )5%&!%+*!G)57!&/!$,-%.!7)-;4#.!1#3)5*%!.&,!$)6+%!1&$*!#1(&--!&5!#!6(*.!#/%*(5&&5!)5!%+*!3#1G!(&&$!&/!#!6(#57!Z,(&;*#5!$,-*,$I!

>)51*!"!#$!#!(*-*#(1+*(2!"!')44!1&57,1%!*J;*()$*5%-!)5%&!%+)-!K,*-%)&52!#57!(*;&(%!3#1G!%&!.&,!$.!/)57)56-8!"!-+#44!-)%!$.!/()*57!7&'5!#57!4)-%*5!%&!+*(!-%&()*-!&/!%+*!a#()-!@+*#%(*2!#/%*('#(7-!-+&'!+*(!%+*!A)7*&!#57!(*1&(7!+*(!(*-;&5-*-8!"!1&51*7*!%+#%!%+*(*!#(*!+,57(*7-!&/!%+*-*!%#;*-2!#57!%+&,-#57-!&/!*.*')%5*--*-!F!;*(/&($*(-2!#,7)*51*2!%+&-*!)5H3*%'**5!-,1+!#-!$.-*4/!&5!%+*!4)6+%)56!%&'*(!)5!C&6&%#8!C,%!)/!"!1&,47! (*;*#%! %+*! ;(&;&-*7! *J;*()$*5%! ')%+! #44! &/! %+*-*! ;*&;4*2! '&,47! "! 5&%! 3*!*76)56!14&-*(!%&!%+*!%(,*!+)-%&(.!&/!%+)-!1)(1,-I!!

"! 1#5=%! +*4;! 3,%! )$#6)5*! -,1+! #! ;(&1*--! #-! )/! )5! #! -1*5*! /(&$! %+*! /)4$!<%&.('2! #!/#1%&(.!&/!$*$&(.H$#G)568!0&,5%4*--!(&'-!&/!;*&;4*!;4,66*7!*#1+!)5%&!%+*)(!&'5!-1(**52!7#%#!/**7)56!)5!#57!&,%!&/!*A*(.!&5*!&/!%+*$8!Z#1+!;*(-&5!-;*#G)56!&,%!4&,7!)5! #! -%(*#$H&/H1&5-1)&,-5*--! 5#((#%)&52! #77)562! 7(&;! 3.! 7(&;2! %&! #! (#)5! &/! 5&)-*!'+)1+!#!6)#5%!*#(H-+#;*7!$#1+)5*!#3&A*!$)(#1,4&,-4.!$#G*-!-*5-*!&/8!!

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

"!')44!(*;&(%!3#1G8!!!!!!

David Carlin teaches creative writing at RMIT University and is the author of Our Father Who Wasn’t There (Scribe, 2010).


MEMOIR

The veiled bride From Nazi Germany to Bondi, via Shanghai

Carolijn Visser Translated by David Colmer

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

<.)!@.)-!A',".)!"#$%&'&()!*%"!3(,-+!3#!B)*"!*.'!6-)5!C("",%!,$!DEDF8!%6+)/!+.)!G'-".)>,4"!"),9)5!2'*)/;!H"!"''$!%"!+.)#!1'(-5!%66'/5!,+8!+.)#!='>)5!'(+!+'!='/)!)I2)$",>)!$),&.3'(/.''5"8!-)%>,$&!+.)!@.)-!A',".)!+'!,+"!6%+);!J$!+.)!-%+)!DEKL"!B)*"!*.'!.%5!3))$!5/,>)$!'(+!'6!M(/'2)!3#!+.)!?%9,"!%//,>)5!+'!/)$'>%+)!%$5!/)>,+%-,")!+.)!3(,-5,$&8!=%4,$&!,+!+.)!6'1%-!2',$+!'6!+.),/!-,>)";!!

A'/)!+.%$!.%-6!%!1)$+(/#!.%5!2%"")5!",$1)!+.%+!)/%!%"!*)--;!?'*!+.)!"#$%&'&()!")/>)5!%"!%!=(")(=8!*,+.!+.)!)-5)/-#!A/!N%$&!&,>,$&!+'(/"!+./'(&.!/)O/)$'>%+)5!/''=";!P.'+'"!.($&!'$! +.)!*%--";! <.)!.'-#! %+='"2.)/)! '6!2/%#)/! %$5! "'$&!.%5!)>%2'/%+)5Q!+.)!5/#!2%/R()+!",&.)5!($5)/!'(/!6))+;!SH+!'$)!"+%&)!+.)/)!*)/)!='/)!+.%$!6,6+))$!+.'("%$5!B)*"!*.'!*)/)!-,>,$&!,$!+.,"!$),&.3'(/.''58!T'$&4)*8U!A/!N%$&!%$$'($1)5!,$!>)/#!2/'2)/!M$&-,".;!!

T)!.%5!"))$!+.)!".,2"!1%//#,$&!/)6(&))"!=''/!%+! +.)!$)%/3#!5'14;!<.)!2.'+'"!".'*)5!'2)$!+/(14"!6)//#,$&!2)'2-)!+'!/)1)2+,'$!1)$+/)"!*.)/)!"'(2!4,+1.)$"!%$5!/'*"!'6!3($4!3)5"!%*%,+)5!+.)=;!<.)!"%=)!3'IO".%2)5!:.,$)")!.'(")"!-,$)5!+.)!"+/))+"8!3(+!5%/48!%++/%1+,>)!M(/'2)%$"!*)/)!"+/'--,$&!+.)!2%>)=)$+"!V!"-,=O-''4,$&!=)$!,$!*)--O1(+! W%14)+"!%$5!)-)&%$+!*'=)$!,$!1%-6O-)$&+.!1'%+"!%$5!5/)"")"8!*,+.!6-%=3'#%$+!.%+"!'$!+.),/!.)%5";!S<.)#!*)/)!.%/5!*'/4)/"8U!A/!N%$&!1'==)$+)5!%22/'>,$&-#;!!


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

N)!"+'22)5!,$!6/'$+!'6!%!*)55,$&!2.'+';!H-+.'(&.!".)!*%"$U+!*)%/,$&!%!*.,+)!5/)""8!+.)!3/,5)!*%"!.'-5,$&!%!-%/&)!3($1.!'6!*.,+)!6-'*)/"!,$!.)/!%/=";!H!-,&.+!>),-!.,5!.)/! 6%1);! S<.%+!*)55,$&! +''4!2-%1)! ,$! +.,"! "#$%&'&()8U!A/!N%$&!5)+)/=,$)5!6/'=!+.)!3%14&/'($58!3)1%(")!.)!.%5$U+!3))$!2/)")$+!%+!+.)!)>)$+;!J$!+.'")!5%#"!.)!$)>)/!>,",+)5!+.)!"#$%&'&()!,+")-68!.)!)I2-%,$)5!%2'-'&)+,1%--#;!SJ!5,5!4$'*!.,=!3#!",&.+8!+.'(&.8U!.)!"%,58!2',$+,$&!+'!+.)!&/''=;!ST)!*%"!%!5'1+'/;U!

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

J!4)2+!")%/1.,$&!6'/!+/%1)"!'6!+.)!B)*"!'6!7.%$&.%,!%$5!)>)$+(%--#!'3+%,$)5!+.)!$%=)!'6!%![,)$$)")!*'=%$!*.'!"2)$+!+.)!*%/!#)%/"!+.)/)0!M5,+.!X,$5)$;!7.)!.%5!")++-)5!,$!7#5$)#!.%-6!%!1)$+(/#!%&'8!%$5!J!.%5!/)1)$+-#!+)-)2.'$)5!.)/;!T)/!>',1)!*%"!6/%,-!%$5!.%/5!+'!($5)/"+%$5;!C)-(1+%$+-#8!".)!%&/))5!+'!=))+!=);!

CAROLIJN VISSER: The veiled bride 149

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

H1/'""! 6/'=! +.)!T'-'1%("+! )I.,3,+,'$! %! "=%--!*'=%$! "%+! '$! %! 3)$1.!*,+.! %$!)I2%$",>)! 2(/2-)! ".%*-! */%22)5! %/'($5! .)/! ".'(-5)/"8! *%,+,$&! +'! %$"*)/!R()"+,'$"!%3'(+!+.)!&/()"'=)!2.'+'"!'$!+.)!*%--";[email protected]!.%>)!#'(!3))$!+'!+.)!@.)-!A',".)! "#$%&'&()]U! G)++,$%! /)"2'$5)5! .%22,-#;! S<.)$! #'(! =("+! .%>)! "))$! +.)!*)55,$&!2.'+'&/%2.;U!!

S<.)!'$)!*.)/)!+.)!3/,5)U"!*)%/,$&!%!>),-]U!

7.)!"=,-)5;!S^)"8!+.%+!'$);!<.%+U"!=);!J$!%!5%/4!5/)""0!J!.%5!$'+.,$&!)-")!+'!*)%/;U!_'/!%!='=)$+!".)!*%"!-'"+!,$!.)/!=)='/,)";!SH.8U!".)!",&.)5;!SN.)$!J!=%//,)5!`/!7+/),=)/!J!*%"!W("+!",I+))$;!T)!*%"!=(1.!'-5)/;!<.,/+#O")>)$;U!!

J$!+.)!2.'+'!G)++,$%U"!6%1)!.%5!3))$!.,55)$!3).,$5!+.)!>),-8!3(+!3).,$5!.)/!&'-5O6/%=)5!&-%"")"!J!$'*!"%*!.)/!='+.)/U"!-,>)-#!)#)";!J!"%+!5'*$!$)I+!+'!.)/!%$5!%"4)5!.'*!".)!.%5!=)+!.)/!.("3%$5;!

SJ!*,--! +)--! #'(! %3'(+!`/! 7+/),=)/8U! G)++,$%! "%,5! "'6+-#8! S3(+! 6,/"+! J!*%$+! #'(! +'!($5)/"+%$5! W("+!.'*!Z)/=%$!=#! 6%=,-#!*%"8! .'*! +.)! )>)$+"! +''4!("! +'+%--#!3#!"(/2/,");U!!

7.)!5)"1/,3)5!+.)!1'($+/#!'6!.)/!1.,-5.''50!G)")-,1.8!%!>,--%&)!$)%/!_/%$46(/+8!%$5!+.)!6%/=!".)!&/)*!(2!'$;! S<.)!!"#$%&'&&"(*%"!'*$)5!3#!+.)!6%=,-#8!3(+!=#!6%+.)/!%5=,$,"+)/)5! +.)!)"+%+)! 6'/!.,"!3/'+.)/"!%$5! ","+)/";!T)!.%5! 6'(&.+! ,$! +.)!Z)/=%$!%/=#!,$!N'/-5!N%/!J!%$5!.%5!3))$!%*%/5)5!+.)!J/'$!:/'""!6'/!3/%>)/#;U!7.)!&-%$1)5!%+! =)! +'! =%4)! "(/)! J! /)%-,")5! *.%+! %! .,&.! 5)1'/%+,'$! +.%+! *%";! SM>)/#! 7($5%#!%6+)/$''$!.)!%$5!.,"!'-5!1'=/%5)"!,$!%/="!*'(-5!&)+!+'&)+.)/!%+!%!3%/!,$!'(/!>,--%&);!<.)#!*'(-5!",+!,$!6/'$+!'6!+.)!6,/)8!-,4)!3/'+.)/"8!%+!+.)!)&*$$&#%+,;U!G)++,$%!2/'$'($1)5!+.)!Z)/=%$!$%=)"!%$5!*'/5"!2)/6)1+-#8!=%4,$&!,+!)%"#!6'/!=)!+'!,=%&,$)!.)/!%"!%!-'."/!*,+.!,==%1(-%+)!2-%,+"8!'66!+'!3(#!1%4)"!%+!+.)!-'1%-!012.#&13"#;!

SG)")-,1.!*%"!%!:%+.'-,1!2-%1)!'6!2,-&/,=%&)8U!".)!1'$+,$()5;!SH+!M%"+)/!%!-'+!'6!2)'2-)!*'(-5!1'=)!+'!'(/!>,--%&)!'$!6''+8!-,&.+,$&!1%$5-)"!,$!1.%2)-"!%-'$&!+.)!*%#;!<.)/)!*%"!%!-%/&)!1'$>)$+!$)%/!'(/!.'(");!N.)$!J!*%"!-,++-)!J!*)$+!+'!"1.''-!+.)/);!A#!='+.)/!(")5!+'!6,--!3%"4)+"!*,+.!6''5!6'/!$))5#!6%=,-,)"8!%$5!J!*'(-5!+%4)!+.)=!+'!+.)!$($"!%$5!+.)#!*'(-5!5,"+/,3(+)!+.)=;U!!

7.)!"))=)5!+'!3)!1'=3,$&!.)/!=)='/#!6'/!='/)!1'$>,$1,$&!5)+%,-";! SG'+.!'(/!1''4!%$5!=%,5!*)/)!:%+.'-,18U!".)!"%,5;!S<.)#!*)/)!2%/+!'6!+.)!6%=,-#!%$5!+%(&.+!=)!%--!%3'(+!+.)!T'-#![,/&,$;U!!


J!,=%&,$)5!%!Z)/=%$!6%/=!4,+1.)$!*,+.!2)'2-)!1.%++,$&!%/'($5!%!+%3-);!@$)!'6!G)++,$%U"!($1-)"!.%5!1'=)!+'!"+%#;!<.)!1''4!.%5!3%4)5!6/)".!3/)%5!%$5!%!&''")!*%"!/'%"+,$&!,$!+.)!'>)$;!H!5)-,1,'("!04+,"2(*%"!"+)%=,$&!'$!+.)!",5)3'%/5;!G)++,$%U"!6%+.)/8!+.)!=%$!*,+.!+.)!J/'$!:/'""8!+.)!=%$!*.'!"%+!%/'($5!+.)!)&*$$&#%+,!)>)/#!*))4!*,+.!.,"!6)--'*!>)+)/%$"8!*%"!1%--)5!7+/%("";!J+!*%"!.%/5!+'!,=%&,$)!%!='/)!Z)/=%$!6%=,-#;!

J+! $)>)/! '11(//)5! +'! G)++,$%U"! 6%+.)/! +.%+! T,+-)/U"! /,")! +'! 2'*)/8! ,$! DEKK8!*'(-5!=)%$!+.)!)$5!'6! +.),/!2)%1)6(-! -,6);!7.)!*%"!+)$!%+! +.)! +,=);! SH$!'-5)/!1'(",$!*%"!+.)!'$-#!'$)!+'!6'/)"))!+.)!5,"%"+)/!%+!+.%+!"+%&);!T)!3)&%$!2-%$$,$&!.,"! )=,&/%+,'$! +'! H=)/,1%8! 3(+! +.%+! *%"! "'=)+.,$&! =#! 6%+.)/! /)6(")5! +'!1'$",5)/;!a<.)!Z)/=%$"!*'$U+!&'!%-'$&!*,+.!T,+-)/0! ,$!%! 6)*!='$+."!.)!*,--!/)",&$!%$5!)>)/#+.,$&!*,--!&'!3%14!+'!$'/=%-b!V!+.%+!*%"!,#%!2/)5,1+,'$;U!

G(+!T,+-)/!/)+%,$)5!2'*)/;!<.)/)!*)/)!'$-#!+)$!B)*,".!6%=,-,)"!,$!+.)!%/)%!%$5!%!6)*! "''$! ='>)5! +'! 7'(+.! H6/,1%;! M>)$+(%--#8! '$-#! +.)! 7+/%("")"! %$5! '$)! '+.)/!6%=,-#!*)/)!-)6+;!H+!"1.''-!G)++,$%!*%"!.%>,$&!%!.%/5!+,=)!'6!,+;!7.)!*%"!)I1-(5)5!6/'=! %--! "2'/+";! 7.)! *%"! $'! -'$&)/! %--'*)5! +'! "2)%4! ,$! 1-%"";! T)/! 3)"+! 6/,)$58!5%(&.+)/!'6!+.)!-'1%-!.)%5!'6!+.)!%/=)5!3/%$1.!'6!+.)!?%9,!P%/+#8!*%$+)5!$'+.,$&!='/)! +'! 5'! *,+.! .)/;! c$%3-)! +'! 3)%/! ,+8! G)++,$%! *)$+! +'! "+%#! *,+.! %$! %($+! ,$!_/%$46(/+8! *.)/)! ".)! 1'(-5! 1'=2-)+)! .)/! )5(1%+,'$! %+! +.)! B)*,".! "1.''-8! +.)!P.,-%$+./'2,$;!J$!_/%$46(/+!".)!3)1%=)!6/,)$5"!*,+.!+.)!5%(&.+)/!'6!+.)!H=)/,1%$!1'$"(-8!*.'!2/'>,5)5!.)/!*,+.!R('+%!$(=3)/"!+'!%22-#!6'/!c7!>,"%";!N.)$!G)++,$%!".'*)5!+.)!5'1(=)$+"!+'!.)/!6%+.)/8!.)!+'/)!+.)=!(2;!SN)U/)!$'+!&',$&!%$#*.)/)8U!.)! ,$","+)5;! S<.,"! ,"! '(/! 1'($+/#;!N.)/)! +.)#! "2)%4!'(/! -%$&(%&);U!<.)/)!*%"!$'!/)1/,=,$%+,'$! ,$!G)++,$%U"!>',1)8! )>)$! +.'(&.!.)/! 6%+.)/U"! %1+,'$"! 1'(-5!.%>)!.%5!1%+%"+/'2.,1!1'$")R()$1)"8!3)1%(")!"''$!$'+!%!",$&-)!1'($+/#!*%"!%5=,++,$&!B)*";!SA#!6%+.)/!*%"!-,4)!+.%+8U!".)!"%,58!/%,",$&!.)/!.%$5"!,$!+.)!%,/;!SZ)/=%$#!=)%$+!&,*&!=(1.!+'!.,=;U!

<.)!5%#!3)6'/)!d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

G)++,$%U"! 6%+.)/! .%5! %-"'! 3))$! %//)"+)5! 3#! +.)! 77;! S<.)#U--! -)+! .,=! &'! "''$8U!)>)/#'$)!+/,)5!+'!/)%""(/)!.)/;!G)++,$%!*)$+!+'!+.)!_/%$46(/+!+/%,$!"+%+,'$!+'!*%,+!6'/!.,=;!<.)/)!".)!=)+!+.)!5)"2%,/,$&!/)-%+,>)"!'6!'+.)/"!*.'!*)/)!=,"",$&;!<.)#!+'-5!.)/!+.%+!+.)/)!*%"!'$)!-%"+!1.%$1)!'6!)"1%2)0!7.%$&.%,!"+,--!%11)2+)5!B)*";!


G)++,$%!%$5!%$!%($+!/(".)5!+'!+.)!_/%$46(/+!'66,1)"!'6!X-'#5!</,)"+,$'8!%!".,22,$&!1'=2%$#!+.%+!"%,-)5!+'!H",%$!2'/+"!6/'=!J+%-#;!T($5/)5"!'6!5)"2)/%+)!2)'2-)!*)/)!%-/)%5#!&%+.)/)5!,$!6/'$+!'6!+.)!5''/";!G)++,$%!%$5!.)/!%($+!W',$)5!+.)=;!<.)#!*%,+)5!+.)/)!6'/!5%#";!_/,)$5"!3/'(&.+!6''5!+'!+.)!R()()!"'!+.)#!*'(-5$U+!-'")!+.),/!2-%1);!M>)$+(%--#! %! /)2/)")$+%+,>)! '6! +.)! ".,22,$&! 1'=2%$#! %22)%/)5! '$! +.)! "+)2"! +'!,=2-'/)!+.)!1/'*58!SP-)%")8!"+'2!*%,+,$&;!N)!5'$U+!.%>)!%$#!3)/+."!-)6+!+'!")--;!H--!'(/!".,2"!%/)!6(--;!JU=!"'//#8!3(+!*)!1%$U+!.)-2!#'(;U!!

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

H&%,$!G)++,$%!"2)$+!*.'-)!5%#"!*%,+,$&!%+!+.)!+/%,$!"+%+,'$;!H!+/%,$!"+'22)5;!H!5''/!'2)$)5!%$5!%$!'-5!=%$!&'+!'668!5/)"")5!,$!+%++)/";!J+!*%"!.)/!6%+.)/8!*.'!%!6)*!*))4"!)%/-,)/!.%5!-''4)5!#'($&8!.%$5"'=)!%$5!%+.-)+,1;!_,>)!*))4"!,$!G(1.)$*%-5!.%5!=%5)!.,=!($/)1'&$,"%3-);!T)!1'(-5!"+,--! 1'($+!.,=")-6! -(14#Q! +.)!?%9,"!.%5!/)-)%")5! .,=! 3)1%(")! '6! .,"! J/'$! :/'"";! ?'+! '$)! '6! .,"! 6)--'*! 2/,"'$)/"! *'(-5!"(/>,>)!+.)!*%/;!`)"2,+)!%--!.)!.%5!3))$!+./'(&.8!.)!*%"!6%/!6/'=!.%22#!%3'(+!+.)!+/,2!+'!7.%$&.%,;!SJ+U"!2-%&()O/,55)$8U!.)!"%,5;!SP)'2-)!+.)/)!5,)!-,4)!6-,)";U!!

G(+!+.)/)!*%"!$'!%-+)/$%+,>);!J$!+.)!)$5!+.)!7+/%(""!6%=,-#!*%"!%3-)8!*,+.!+.)!.)-2!'6!+.),/!6/,)$5!+.)!=%#'/8!+'!*,+.5/%*!)$'(&.!='$)#!6/'=!+.)!3%$4!+'!2%#!6'/!+.)!>'#%&);!M>)/#+.,$&!+.)#!'*$)5!.%5!3))$!1'$6,"1%+)5;!N,+.!.)%>#!.)%/+"8!%$5!W("+!+)$!=%/4"!)%1.8!+.)#!3'%/5)5!+.)!A($,1.!+/%,$;!SN)!.%5!%-='"+!$'!3%&&%&)8!3(+!=#!6%+.)/!*%"!-(&&,$&!%!2%14%&)!*/%22)5!,$!1-'+.!*,+.!.,=;!T)!/)6(")5!+'!+)--!%$#'$)!*.%+!,+!*%";U!!

<.)!$)I+!+/%,$!+''4!+.)=!+'!+.)!G/)$$)/!P%""8!%!5%$&)/'("!2-%1)!*.)/)!"=(&&-)/"!%$5!3%$5,+"!'2)/%+)5;!H+!+.)!3'/5)/!G)++,$%!.)%/5!2)'2-)!3),$&!3)%+)$Q!+.)/)!*)/)!".'+"!%$5!"1/)%="8!3(+!".)!%$5!.)/!2%/)$+"!*)/)! -)6+!%-'$);!<.)#!/)%1.)5!Z)$'%!($.%/=)58!3(+!.%5!+'!*%,+!")>)/%-!5%#"8!3)1%(")!+.),/!".,2!*%"!-%+);!7'=)!J+%-,%$"!+''4!2,+#!'$!+.)=8!6))5,$&!+.)=!%$5!2/'>,5,$&!+.)=!*,+.!%!2-%1)!+'!"-))2;!

N.)$! +.)!512&"( 6#*2+1(-*21(=''/)58! "'=)! 6,6+))$! .($5/)5! 2%"")$&)/"! *)$+!%3'%/58! %--! '6! +.)=! B)*,".! /)6(&))";! SJ+! *%"! %! .'//,6,1! >'#%&)8U! G)++,$%! /)1%--)5;!S<.)/)!*%"!%! +)//,3-)! "+)$1.!'$!3'%/5!%$5!$'+! )$'(&.! +'! )%+;U!<.)!.,&.-,&.+!*%"!H5)$8!*.)/)!+.)!2%"")$&)/"!*)/)!%--'*)5!3/,)6-#!'$!-%$5;!S7,='$!H/9+8!+.)!'*$)/!'6!+.)!1,+#U"!-%/&)"+!".'28!&%>)!("!%--!%$!'/%$&)!%$5!"'=)+.,$&!+'!5/,$4;U!!

J$! 7.%$&.%,! +.)#! *)/)! &/))+)5! 3#! /)2/)")$+%+,>)"! '6! %$! H=)/,1%$! %,5!'/&%$,"%+,'$8!*.'!&%>)! +.)=!*%+)/! %$5!%!3%$%$%!3)6'/)!5,/)1+,$&! +.)=! ,$+'! +.)!3%14!'6!+.)!+/(14";!


<.)!6,/"+!,=2/)"",'$!'6!T'$&4)*!*%"!$'+!)$1'(/%&,$&;!S<.)!$),&.3'(/.''5!.%5!3))$!.)%>,-#!3'=3)5!3#! +.)! B%2%$)")!%$5!*)!5/'>)!2%"+! /(,$"! +.%+! +.)! /)6(&))"!*'(-5!&/%5(%--#!/)"+'/)!'>)/!+.)!#)%/";U!G)++,$%!*%"!+''!'-5!+'!3)!%--'*)5!+'!-,>)!*,+.!.)/!2%/)$+"! ,$! +.)! S6%=,-#!.'=)U!%$5!*%"!%--'1%+)5!%!2-%1)! ,$! +.)! S*'=)$U"!.'=)U;!H"!'$)!'6!+.)!#'($&)"+!+.)/)8!".)!"-)2+!'$!+'2!'6!'$)!'6!+.)!+/,2-)!3($4";!7.)!*%"!6,6+))$!%$5!%-'$)!,$!7.%$&.%,;!

!BETTINA AND I! -''4)5! (2;! H! *'=%$! ,$! .)/! -%+)! ),&.+,)"8! %$'+.)/! >'-($+))/8!+/(5&)5!2%"+!+.)!T'-'1%("+!)I.,3,+,'$;!SN)!%/)!+%-4,$&!%3'(+!7.%$&.%,8U!G)++,$%!"%,5;!!

SJ! +.'(&.+! %"! =(1.8U! +.)! *'=%$! %$"*)/)5;! 7.)! .%5! %22%/)$+-#! "(/>,>)5! +.)!.'//'/"!'6!N'/-5!N%/!JJ!"'=)*.)/)!)-");!!

SN)U>)!/($!'(+!'6!+,=)8U!G)++,$%!"%,58!+%22,$&!.)/!*%+1.;!!

<.)!'+.)/!*'=%$!$'55)5;!SJU=!&',$&!.'=);U!!

SN)!1%$!+%-4!"'=)!='/)!5'*$"+%,/"8U!G)++,$%!"(&&)"+)5!+'!=)8!S'>)/!%!1(2!'6!+)%;U!

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`,+%!G)/%$8!*%"!%!6/,)$5!'6!=,$);U!

<.,"! *%"! +.)! 1%6\! *.'")! -'1%+,'$! J! .%5! +/,)5! +'! 6,$50! %$! H("+/,%$OB)*,".!)"+%3-,".=)$+! ,$! 7.%$&.%,;! J! +/,)5! +'! ,=%&,$)!*.%+! ,+! .%5!3))$! -,4);!A)$! ,$!.%+"!1%=)! ,$! %$5! "+%/+)5! %! 1%/5! &%=)! %+! %! +%3-)! ,$! +.)! 1'/$)/;! C,14".%*"! 2(--)5! 3#!:.,$)")!1''-,)"!&-,5)5!2%"+!'(+",5);!H$!J$5,%$!2'-,1)=%$!,$!%!7,4.!+(/3%$!2))/)5!,$!+./'(&.!+.)!'2)$!5''/;!!

S@.!#)"8!`,+%!G)/%$8U! "%,5!G)++,$%8!*.'!*%"!5))2! ,$! +.'(&.+;! SN)!*)$+! +'! +.)!d%5''/,)!"1.''-!+'&)+.)/;U!

J!.%5!/)%5!%! -,++-)!%3'(+! +.)!d%5''/,)! 6%=,-#;!<.)#!*)/)!'$)!'6!")>)/%-! B)*,".!6%=,-,)"!6/'=!G%&.5%5!+.%+!.%5!6'--'*)5!+.)!G/,+,".!+'!7.%$&.%,!%$5!")++-)5!+.)/)!%6+)/!+.)!@2,(=!N%/";!G#!+.)!+,=)!G)++,$%!%//,>)5!,$!+.)!1,+#8!+.)#!.%5!3(,-+!(2!%!3(",$)""! )=2,/);! <.)! d%5''/,)"! .%5! &)$)/'("-#! =%5)! 6($5"! %>%,-%3-)! 6'/! +.)!/)1)2+,'$! '6! +.)! M(/'2)%$! B)*";! S<.)/)! *)/)! "'! =%$#! "+(5)$+"! %+! +.)! d%5''/,)!"1.''-!+.%+!*)!*)/)!'$-#!%3-)!+'!&'!.%-6O5%#";!`,+%!%$5!J!*)/)!,$!+.)!='/$,$&!&/'(2;!N)! "+%/+)5! )%/-#! ,$! +.)! ='/$,$&! %$5! 6,$,".)5! %/'($5! $''$;! J$! +.)! %6+)/$''$"! J!*'/4)5!%+!+.)!.'"2,+%-;U!


X,4)! )>)/#'$)! )-")8! G)++,$%! .%5! +'! 6,$5! %! *%#! +'! =%4)! %! -,>,$&;! _'/=)/!3(+1.)/"! "+%/+)5! =)%+! "+%--"! '$! +.)! "+/))+8! 5'1+'/"! /)1),>)5! 2%+,)$+"8! +)%1.)/"!,$"+/(1+)5;! 7=%--! 6%1+'/,)"! "2/($&! (2! %/'($5! +.)! B)*,".! .'=)";! _'/=)/!/)",5)$+"! '6![,)$$%! '/!G)/-,$!*.'! 1'(-5!=%4)! ".')"8! 1%$5-)"! '/! "'%2! +%(&.+!+.),/!"4,--"!+'!:.,$)")!6/,)$5";!<.)!M(/'2)%$!B)*"!+.)$!>)$+(/)5!,$+'!+.)!G/,+,".!%$5!_/)$1.!2%/+"!'6!+.)!1,+#!+'!")--!+.)!2/'5(1+"!+'!/,1.!-'1%-";!

T'$&4)*!.%5!%-*%#"!3))$!%!>)/#!2''/!$),&.3'(/.''5;!S?'!/($$,$&!*%+)/!'/!+',-)+"8! '$-#!($.#&,)$,1! -%+/,$)";U! G)++,$%! ".''4!.)/! .)%5;! S?'!*'$5)/!*)! %--! &'+!5#")$+)/#!,$!+.)!"(==)/+,=);!<.)$!+.)/)!*%"!%$!'(+3/)%4!'6!1.'-)/%8!+.)$!+#2.("8!+.)$!"=%--2'I;U!T)/!6%+.)/!*%"!/,&.+;!7.%$&.%,!*%"!($.)%-+.#;!S^'(!5,5$U+!5%/)!+'!5/,$4! +.)! "-,&.+)"+! ='(+.6(-! '6! ($3',-)5! *%+)/Q! #'(! *)/)! $'+! %--'*)5! +'! )%+!%$#+.,$&!/%*;U!!

G(+!+.)!+.'("%$5"!'6!:.,$)")!/)",5)$+"!'6!T'$&4)*!*)/)!*)--!5,"2'")5!+'*%/5"!+.)!B)*"!+.%+!.%5!")++-)5!%='$&!+.)=;!S<.)!:.,$)")!-,4)5!5',$&!3(",$)""!*,+.!("8U!G)++,$%!)I2-%,$)5;!S<.)#!5,5$U+!.%+)!("!+.)!*%#!+.)!Z)/=%$"!.%5;!<.)#!5,5$U+!"))!%$#! 5,66)/)$1)! 3)+*))$! ("! %$5! +.)! G/,+,".;! H$+,O7)=,+,"=! *%"! $'+! %! 2/'3-)=;! J+!5,5$U+!)>)$!'11(/!+'!+.)!:.,$)");U!

J!-''4)5!'>)/!=#!".'(-5)/!%+!+.)!X,++-)![,)$$%!*%,+)/!*,+.!.,"!3-%14!3'*+,);!J$!+.)!=)%$+,=)!+.)!1%6\!.%5!6,--)5;!<.)/)!*)/)!.)%+)5!5,"1("",'$"!,$!Z)/=%$!%3'(+!+.)!1'(/")!'6!+.)!*%/;!@(+",5)!%!:.,$)")!*'$+'$!>)$5'/!*%"!2/%,",$&!.,"!*%/)";!J+!*%"!%!=,"+#!5%#;!_'&.'/$"!"'($5)5!'$!+.)!T(%$&2(!C,>)/;!!

SJU5!-'>)!+'!3)!%3-)!+'!*%-4!,$+'!+.)!X,++-)![,)$$%!/,&.+!$'*8U!J!+'-5!G)++,$%;!!

7.)!1%"+!%!1''-!&-%$1)!%+!+.)!,=='3,-)!*%,+)/;!S<.%+!3,+!'6!2%2)/!"+(14!+'!,+!,"!%$!'-5!=)$(8U!".)!"%,5;! S^'(!1%$!"))!*.%+!#'(!(")5!+'!3)!%3-)! +'!'/5)/! ,$! +.)!X,++-)![,)$$%;! N,)$)/! "1.$,+9)-8! '6! 1'(/")8! "'(2! *,+.! 5(=2-,$&"8! &'(-%".e'.! #)"U! V!G)++,$%!,$+)//(2+)5!.)/!"(==%/#!V!S,6!#'(!.%5!+.)!='$)#!#'(!1'(-5!&)+!%--!+.'")!+.,$&"8!3(+!$'+!=%$#!2)'2-)!1'(-5!%66'/5!,+;U!7.)!.%5!$)>)/!)>)$!.%5!%!5/,$4!+.)/);!T)/!3,&&)"+! )I+/%>%&%$1)!*%"!%$!'11%",'$%-!3/)%5! /'--! 6/'=! +.)! B)*,".!3%4)/!'$!N%/5!C'%5;!S_/)".O3%4)5;!<.)!='"+!5)-,1,'("!+.,$&!JU>)!.%5!,$!=#!-,6);U!

G)++,$%!&'+!&''5!/)"(-+"!%+!+.)!d%5''/,)!"1.''-!%$58!%6+)/!6,$,".,$&!.,&.!"1.''-8!*%"!%5=,++)5!6'/!+/%,$,$&!%"!%!-%3!%"","+%$+!%+!+.)!C)5!:/'""!.'"2,+%-8!-'1%+)5!,$!+.)!6%".,'$%3-)! _/)$1.! 2%/+! '6! +'*$;! 7.)! &'+! .)/! 2/%1+,1%-! )I2)/,)$1)! %+! $,&.+8! %"! %--!)R(,2=)$+!*%"!(")5!+*)$+#O6'(/!.'(/"!%!5%#!+'!2/'1)""!+.)!+.'("%$5"!'6!2%+,)$+";!SJ!=)+!=#!.("3%$5!,$!+.%+!.'"2,+%-;U!7.)!"=,-)5;!`/!7+/),=)/!*%"!%!&/%5(%+)!'6! +.)!2/)"+,&,'("!=)5,1%-!6%1(-+#!'6![,)$$%;!J$!%$"*)/!+'!=#!R()"+,'$!%"4,$&!*.%+!*%"!"'!1.%/=,$&!%3'(+!.,=8!G)++,$%!",&.)50!SM>)/#+.,$&;U!_'/!+.)!6,/"+!+,=)8!".)!*%"!-'"+!6'/!*'/5";! ST,"! %++,+(5)! +'! -,6);!T)!.%5! +*'!&/)%+!2%"",'$"0!=)5,1,$)! %$5!=(",1;!T)!2%"")5!+.)=!'$!+'!=);!J!-)%/$)5!%!-'+!6/'=!.,=;!J!%5=,/)5!.,=;U!!

SN%"!,+!-'>)!%+!6,/"+!",&.+]U!


S`)6,$,+)-#;!J!*%"!%!#'($&!&,/-Q!.)!*%"!%!.%$5"'=)8!=%+(/)!5'1+'/;!N.%+!5'!#'(!+.,$4]U!

H6+)/!+.)!*)55,$&8!G)++,$%!='>)5!+'!.)/!.("3%$5U"!6-%+!'$!B)""6,)-5!C'%58!,$!+.)!G/,+,".!2%/+!'6!+.)!1,+#;!<.)!$)*-#*)5"!-,>)5!%!='/)!'/!-)""!$'/=%-!-,6)!%$5!G)++,$%!5,-,&)$+-#!2(/"()5!.)/!"+(5,)";!`/!7+/),=)/!.%5!3))$!,$!7.%$&.%,!6'/!%!6)*!#)%/"!%$5!%-"'!*'/4)5!,$!%!2/,>%+)!1-,$,1!+.%+!*%"!%++)$5)5!3#!+.)!G/,+,".!)=2-'#))"!'6!G/,+,".!1'=2%$,)";!G)++,$%!*%"!$'+!"'!4))$!'$!+.)!G/,+,".!,$!7.%$&.%,;!S<.)#!.%5!3,&!+)I+,-)!%$5!1,&%/)++)!6%1+'/,)"!*.)/)!+.)!:.,$)")!*'/4)5!($5)/!+)//,3-)!1'$5,+,'$";!<.),/!='$+.-#!"%-%/#!*%"!$'!='/)!+.%$!%!3%&!'6!/,1);U!

T)/!.("3%$5U"!'+.)/!2%+,)$+"!,$1-(5)5!C("",%$!B)*";! SP)'2-)!*,+.!='$)#!*.'!.%5! 3))$! -,>,$&! ,$! 7.%$&.%,! 6'/! %! -'$&! +,=);U! _/'=! G)++,$%U"! 2)/"2)1+,>)! +.)!C("",%$"8!-,4)!+.)!G/,+,".8!*)/)!1'=2-)+)-#!-%14,$&!,$!"'-,5%/,+#;!S<.)#!'$-#!-''4)5!%6+)/!+.)=")->)"!%$5!5,5$U+!5'!%!+.,$&!6'/!+.)!B)*,".!/)6(&))"!6/'=!M(/'2);!?'8!*)!&'+!%!-'+!='/)!.)-2!6/'=!+.)!G%&.5%5,!B)*";U!

_/'=! +.)! 1'//,5'/! *)! .)%/5! +.)! 1-,$4,$&! '6! 4)#";! S@.! 5)%/8U! "%,5! G)++,$%;!SM>)/#'$)U"!%-/)%5#!-)6+!V!,6!*)U/)!$'+!1%/)6(-!*)U--!3)!-'14)5!,$;U!N)!.(//,)5!+'!+.)!)I,+!%6+)/!JU5!1%"+!'$)!-%"+!&-%$1)!%+!+.)!,$+)/,'/!'6!+.)!X,++-)![,)$$%;!

!WHEN I GOT!'66!+.)!6)//#!,$!`'(3-)!G%#8!#%1.+"!*)/)!3'33,$&!'$!+.)!*,$+/#!*%+)/!%$5!+.)!"4#!*%"!3/,&.+!3-();!H+!+.)!"%,-,$&!1-(3!-($1.!*%"!3),$&!")/>)5!%+!+%3-)"!$)I+! +'! +.)! W)++#;!N.,+)!*,$)!"2%/4-)5! ,$!1/#"+%-!&-%"")";!_(/+.)/!%-'$&8!)I(3)/%$+!1.,-5/)$!,$!3-()!%$5!*.,+)!"1.''-!($,6'/="!*)/)!2-%#,$&!'$!+.)!&/%"";!J!*%"!%!-,++-)!)%/-#!6'/!%$!%22',$+=)$+!*,+.!G)++,$%;!J!-''4)5!%+!".'2!*,$5'*"!6(--!'6!J+%-,%$!.%(+)!1'(+(/)! %$5! +.)! =)$("! '6! _/)$1.! /)"+%(/%$+"8! %$5! 5/%$4! %$! )"2/)""'! ,$! %!5)-,1%+)"")$!*.)/)!.%="!.($&!6/'=!+.)!1),-,$&!%$5!1.))")!*%"!5,"2-%#)5!3).,$5!&-%"";! J+!*%"!%"! ,6! J!.%5!"%,-)5! ,$+'!%!M(/'2)%$!.%/3'(/!'$! +.)!3%//)$!H("+/%-,%$!1'$+,$)$+;!N.,-)!$,33-,$&!%!3,"1'++'8!J!/)1'$"+/(1+)5!G)++,$%U"!-%"+!#)%/"!,$!7.%$&.%,;!

J$!DEYK8!+*'!#)%/"!%6+)/!'11(2#,$&!+.)!)$+,/)!1,+#8!+.)!B%2%$)")!3)&%$!+,&.+)$,$&!+.)!"1/)*"!'$!+.)!,$.%3,+%$+";!G/,+,".!%$5!_/)$1.!/)",5)$+"!*)/)!,$+)/$)5!,$!1%=2"!%$5!B)*"!*)/)!$'!-'$&)/!%--'*)5!+'!-,>)!'(+",5)!'6!T'$&4)*8!*.,1.!*%"!+'!3)1'=)!%!B)*,".!&.)++';!G)++,$%!%$5!`/!7+/),=)/!.%5!+'! -)%>)!+.),/! 6-%+!'$!B)""6,)-5!C'%5;!T'(",$&! ,$! T'$&4)*! *%"! 2/,=,+,>)! %$5! .%/5! +'! &)+;! <.)#! 1'($+)5! +.)=")->)"!-(14#!+'!6,$5!%!5%/4!/''=!*,+.'(+!%!+',-)+!'/!/($$,$&!*%+)/;!!

<.)!B%2%$)")!+/)%+)5!+.)!B)*,".!,$.%3,+%$+"!'6!T'$&4)*!%"!2/,"'$)/"Q!+.)#!*)/)$U+!%--'*)5! +'! -)%>)! +.)! $),&.3'(/.''5! *,+.'(+! %$! '66,1,%-! 2%"";! @$! +.)! 3/,5&)! '>)/!7(9.'(! :/))4! +.),/! 2%2)/"! *)/)! ,$"2)1+)5! 3#! %! =(1.O.%+)5! B%2%$)")! =%$! 1%--)5!Z'#%!*.'!=%5)!)>)/#'$)!3'*!+'!.,=;!H+!+.)!"-,&.+)"+!2/'>'1%+,'$!.)!3(/"+!,$+'!6(/#!%$5! -%".)5! '(+;! G)++,$%! .%5! +'-5! =)! +.%+! +.)/)! *%"! '$)! =%$8! %! A/! d%,")/8! *.'!"(66)/)5!+)//,3-)!3-'*"!)>)/#!+,=)!.)!1/'"")5!+.)!3/,5&);!S<.)/)!,"!'$-#!'$)!d%,")/8U!Z'#%!*'(-5!"%#8!S+.)!B%2%$)")!)=2)/'/;U!


J$!DEYf8!%6+)/!+.)!%+'=,1!3'=3"!.%5!3))$!5/'22)5!'$!T,/'".,=%!%$5!?%&%"%4,8!+.)!B%2%$)")!'11(2%+,'$!1%=)!+'!%$!)$5;!7,I+#!+.'("%$5!H=)/,1%$!"'-5,)/"!)$+)/)5!+.)!1,+#! ,$!%!",$&-)!$,&.+;!H$+,1,2%+,$&!%! -,4)-#!1'==($,"+! +%4)'>)/8!%$!H=)/,1%$!&)$)/%-!&%>)!`/!7+/),=)/!+.)!+%"4!'6!+/%$"6)//,$&!%-='"+!+./))!.($5/)5!1.,-5/)$!%$5!")/,'("-#!,--!2%+,)$+"!+'!"%6)+#;!H"!%!/)"(-+8!G)++,$%!%$5!.)/!.("3%$5!*)/)!2%/+!'6!+.)!6,/"+!&/'(2!'6!/)6(&))"!+'!-)%>)!7.%$&.%,;!

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

H! 5)-,1,'("! "=)--! *%"! *%6+,$&! +./'(&.! 6/'=! +.)! 4,+1.)$;! SJ! =%5)! "'=)!7"&&84+,"28U! G)++,$%! "%,58! 2(++,$&! %! 5,".! *,+.! 3(++)/6-#O-,4)! 2%"+/,)"! 5'*$! '$! +.)!+%3-)8!S6/'=!%$!'-5!Z)/=%$!/)1,2);U!

S^'(!*)/)!'$!#'(/!*%#!+'!H("+/%-,%8U!J!"%,58!/)=,$5,$&!.)/!*.)/)!.)/!"+'/#!.%5!6,$,".)5;!G)++,$%!2'(/)5!+.)!1'66));!

SH!6)*!'6!+.)!2%+,)$+"!+.%+!.%5!3))$!)$+/("+)5!+'!=#!.("3%$5U"!1%/)!*)/)!,$!%!>)/#! 3%5! "+%+);! M"2)1,%--#! A/! G)/&=%$$8! *.'! .%5! %! ")/,'("! .)%/+! 1'$5,+,'$;! J$!T'$&!d'$&!*)!*)/)!&',$&!+'! +/%$"6)/! +'!%$!H("+/%-,%$!".,28!3(+! ,+! +(/$)5!'(+! +'!.%>)!3))$!/)R(,",+,'$)5!3#!+.)!$%>#;U!_,/"+! +.)#!.%5!+'!1%=2!,$!+.)!.%/3'(/;!<.)!G/,+,".!%(+.'/,+,)"!,$!T'$&!d'$&!/)6(")5!+'!,""()!+/%$",+!>,"%"!+'!+.)!7+/),=)/"!%$5!+.),/!2%+,)$+";!<.)#!*)/)!"+(14!'$!+.)!*/'$&!",5)!'6!1("+'=";!!

S<.)$!%$'+.)/!=)=3)/!'6!+.)!d%5''/,)!6%=,-#!1%=)!+'!'(/!%,5;!<.,"!'$)!*%"!%!1'(",$!'6!+.)!d%5''/,)!*.'!.%5!6'($5)5!+.)!B)*,".!"1.''-!,$!7.%$&.%,;!H$'+.)/!=(-+,=,--,'$%,/);!T)!+%-4)5!+.)!G/,+"!,$+'!%5=,++,$&!("!%$5!1-)%/)5!%!*.'-)!6-''/!'6!+.)! P)$,$"(-%! T'+)-8! +.)! ='"+! 3)%(+,6(-! .'+)-! ,$! T'$&! d'$&8! *.,1.! .)! '*$)5;U!G)++,$%!"=,-)5;!SN)!*)/)!&,>)$!+.)!(")!'6!+*'!3%--/''="!+'!")+!1%=2!3)5"!(2!,$;!<.)!=)$!"-)2+!,$!'$)!%$5!+.)!*'=)$!,$!+.)!'+.)/;U!

`/!7+/),=)/!>,",+)5!)>)/#!".,22,$&!1'=2%$#!,$!T'$&!d'$&!,$!")%/1.!'6!%!".,2!+'!+%4)!+.)=!+'!H("+/%-,%;! SG(+!%! -'+!'6!3,&!".,2"!.%5!3))$!"($4!5(/,$&!+.)!*%/;!<.)/)!*)/)!=,$)"!)>)/#*.)/)!%$5!#'(!1'(-5!'$-#!"%,-!,$!5%#-,&.+;!7=%--!1'%"+)/"!*)/)!"+,--!'2)/%+,$&8!3(+!+.)#!1'(-5!'$-#!+%4)!+*'!'/!+./))!2)'2-)!,$!'$)!&';U!<.)#!.%5!$'!1.',1)!3(+!+'!"))!'66!%!6)*!2%+,)$+"!%+!%!+,=)8!"'!+.%+!+.)!&/'(2!&/%5(%--#!&/)*! "=%--)/;! G)++,$%! %$5! `/! 7+/),=)/! .%5! +'! "+%#! *,+.! +.)! 5)%+.-#! ,--! A/!


G)/&=%$$;!?'!".,2U"!1%2+%,$"!*)/)!2/)2%/)5!+'!+%4)!.,=!'$!3'%/5!%$5!+.)!G/,+,".!%(+.'/,+,)"!%3"'-(+)-#!/)6(")5!+'!%--'*!.,=!+'!"+%#;!<.)#!.%5!3))$!%+!+.)!P)$,$"(-%!6'/!='/)! +.%$!%!#)%/!*.)$!`/!7+/),=)/!=)+! +.)! 1%2+%,$!'6! +.)!9*#:#2;;!T)!*%"!*,--,$&!+'!/,"4!,+8!'$!+.)!1'$5,+,'$!+.%+!`/!7+/),=)/!%11)2+)5!%--!/)"2'$",3,-,+#!6'/!.,"!2%+,)$+;!

S@$!+.)!*%#!*)!&'+!1%(&.+!,$!%!+#2.''$;!_'/!),&.+!5%#"8!*)!*)/)!+'"")5!+'!%$5!6/'!'$!+.)!*%>)";!M>)/#3'5#!*%"!%"!",14!%"!%!5'&;U!G(+!A/!G)/&=%$$!"(/>,>)5!+.)!>'#%&);! <.)! 9*#:#2;! /)%1.)5! +.)! 1'%"+! '6! H("+/%-,%! "%6)-#Q! "%,-,$&! ,$+'! 7#5$)#!.%/3'(/8!G)++,$%!1/,)5!.)/!)#)"!'(+;!SJ!.%5!"%,5!&''53#)!+'!=#!2%/)$+"!%$5!%($+";!<.)#!.%5!&'$)!+'!H=)/,1%;!<.)#!1'(-5$U+!&)+!2)/=,"",'$!+'!1'=)!+'!H("+/%-,%8!%$5!=#!.("3%$5!%$5!.,"!2%/)$+"!1'(-5$U+!&)+!%!>,"%!6'/!+.)!c7;!J!*%"!%$!'$-#!1.,-5Q!=#!6%=,-#! =)%$+! +.)! *'/-5! +'! =);! ?'*! J! 6)-+! %--! %-'$)! ,$! %! 1'=2-)+)-#! 6'/),&$!1'($+/#;U!

`/! 7+/),=)/8! *.'! *%"! "'! "(11)""6(-! ,$! 7.%$&.%,8! *%"! %+! %! 1'=2-)+)! -'""! ,$!7#5$)#;!T,"![,)$$)")!R(%-,6,1%+,'$"!*)/)!$'+!%11)2+)5;!<'!&%,$!%11/)5,+%+,'$!.)!.%5!+'!5'!%$!%55,+,'$%-! +./))O#)%/! 1'(/")!%+! +.)!c$,>)/",+#!'6!7#5$)#;!<.)! 6))"!*)/)!)$'/='(";! N.%+U"! ='/)8! +.)#! $))5)5! +'! "(22'/+! `/! 7+/),=)/U"! ),&.+#O#)%/O'-5!2%/)$+";! G)++,$%! *'/4)5! 5%#! %$5! $,&.+! $(/",$&! +'! =%4)! )$5"! =))+;! S<.)#! *)/)!+)//,3-)!#)%/"8U!".)!"%,58!".%4,$&!.)/!.)%58!3)6'/)!%55,$&8!SG(+!+.)/)!*)/)!'+.)/"!*.'!*)/)!=(1.!*'/")!'66;U!

@$)!'6!+.)=!*%"!`/!7'$$%3)$58!%!1'$1)$+/%+,'$!1%=2!"(/>,>'/!*.'!.%5!"+(5,)5!*,+.!.)/!.("3%$5;!T)!-,>)5!,$!%$!%++,1!*,+.!.,"!1.,-5!%$5!*,6)8!*.'!"2)$+!%--!5%#!5',$&!2,)1)*'/4!'$!%!/%++-,$&!")*,$&!=%1.,$);!S<.)/)!*%"!$'!R(,)+!1'/$)/!6'/!.,=!+'!",+Q! +.)!=%$!1'(-5!$'+!"+(5#!%+!%--;U!H! -%/&)!2/'2'/+,'$!'6! +.)!&/'(2!'6! B)*,".!5'1+'/"!5/'22)5!'(+!,$!+.)!>)/#!6,/"+!#)%/;!S<%-)$+)58!.,&.-#!)5(1%+)5!2)'2-)!-,4)!`/!7'$$%3)$5!.%5!+'!&'!%$5!*'/4!,$!%!6%1+'/#8!*.,-)!,$-%$5!H("+/%-,%!*%"!"(66)/,$&!%!+/)=)$5'("! ".'/+%&)! '6! 5'1+'/";U! M>)$! %6+)/! 2%"",$&! *,+.! .'$'(/"8! `/! 7+/),=)/!1'(-5$U+! *'/48! 3)1%(")! '$-#! +)$! 6'/),&$! 5'1+'/"! *)/)! &,>)$! %! *'/4! 2)/=,+! )%1.!#)%/;! S<.)#! 2(+! %--! +.)! $%=)"! ,$! %! .%+! %$5! 2(--)5! '(+! +)$8U! G)++,$%! /)1%--)5;! `/!7+/),=)/!*%"$U+!'$)!'6!+.)!-(14#!'$)";!

SN)! .%5! +'! ",+! +./'(&.! %$'+.)/! +*)->)! ='$+."! '6! -''4,$&! %6+)/! =#! .("3%$5U"!2%/)$+";!J!*%"!'>)/-'%5)5!*,+.!*'//,)";!N.)$!J!.)%/5!+.)!3%5!$)*"!J!*%"!2/)&$%$+;!J!-'"+!=#!3%3#!"''$!%6+)/;U!H!#)%/!-%+)/!+.)!2%2)/"!*)/)!6,$%--#!,$!'/5)/;!<.)!7+/),=)/"!3'(&.+!%!.'(")!,$!G'$5,8!*.)/)!='"+!'6!+.)!2)'2-)!6/'=!7.%$&.%,!.%5!")++-)58!%$5!'2)$)5! %! 2/%1+,1);! G)++,$%! 5,5! +.)! 3,'2",)"! %$5! 3-''5! +)"+"8! .%>,$&! R(%-,6,)5! %"! %!=)5,1%-!-%3!%"","+%$+!,$!+.)!=)%$+,=);!SN)!3'//'*)5!)>)/#!2)$$#;!N)!5,5$U+!.%>)!%!5'--%/!'6!'(/!'*$!%$5!+.)!,$+)/)"+!%+!+.)!+,=)!*%"!+)$!2)/!1)$+;!N)!.%5!+'!*'/4!5%#!%$5!$,&.+!+'!2%#!,+!3%14;U!!

H6+)/!%!#)%/!%!"'$!*%"!3'/$;!ST)!2-%#)5!,$!'(/!3%14!#%/5!*,+.!+.)!4,5"!'6!+.)!'+.)/!2)'2-)! *)! 4$)*! 6/'=! 7.%$&.%,;! <.)! &/%$5='+.)/"! -''4)5! %6+)/! +.)=! V! '(/!


&)$)/%+,'$!.%5!$'!+,=)!6'/!%$#!'6!+.%+Q!*)!.%5!+'!*'/4;U!G)++,$%U"!6/,)$5"!=%5)!='5)-!&%/=)$+"!'$!%!")1'$5O.%$5!")*,$&!=%1.,$);!<.),/!.("3%$5"!+''4!+.)=!+'!".'2"!6'/!'/5)/";!7'=)!'6!+.)!1'(2-)"!"+%/+)5!%!5)-,!'/!=,-4!3%/;!X,6)!*%"!1'$"+%$+!*'/4;!!

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aZ)+!A/!N),""!%!1.%,/g!`'!#'(!4$'*!*.'!+.%+!,"]b!J!6)-+!+)//,3-)!%3'(+!)>)/#+.,$&!+.%+!.%5!3))$!-'"+;U!!

G)++,$%!-''4)5!'(+!%+!.)/!&%/5)$;!SH.8U!".)!"%,5!.%"+,-#8!%$I,'("!+'!2(+!.)/!&-''=#!*'/5"!,$!2)/"2)1+,>);!S`)%5!+/))"!%-*%#"!&)+!%!$)*!".''+;!_'/+($%+)-#;!<.)!*'/-5!&')"!'$;U!

T)/!"'$!B)66/)#!.%5!3)1'=)!%!2"#1.,%+/,"+!%$5!+%(&.+!%+!+.)!c$,>)/",+#!'6!7#5$)#;!X,4)!.,"!2%/)$+"8! .)!*%"!'$! +.)!&'!5%#! %$5!$,&.+8! 1'=3,$,$&! "+(5,)"8!*'/4! %$5!6%=,-#;!T,"!5%(&.+)/"!*)/)!+.)!6,/"+!&)$)/%+,'$!'6!7+/),=)/"!*.'!*)/)!%3-)!+'!+%4)!+.,$&"! )%",)/;! SH! =)5,1%-! 1%/))/! ,"! W("+! +''! .%/58U! G)++,$%! 1'$1-(5)5;! S@$)! '6! =#!&/%$55%(&.+)/"!5,5!-%*8!+.)!'+.)/!%/+!.,"+'/#;!<.)!#'($&)"+!2-%#"!3)%(+,6(-!>,'-,$;U!`/!7+/),=)/U"!-'>)!'6!=(",1!.%5!1'=)!+'!6/(,+,'$8!+*'!&)$)/%+,'$"!-%+)/;!

!IN MANY WAYS! G)++,$%!=%$%&)5! +'! 1/)%+)! '/5)/! ,$!.)/! 1/()--#!5,"/(2+)5! -,6);!N.)$!.)/!='+.)/!%$5!%($+"!&/)*!'-5! ,$!H=)/,1%8! ".)!3/'(&.+! +.)=! +'!7#5$)#;!T)/)8! ,$! .)/! 1%/)8! +.)#! "2)$+! +.),/! -%"+! #)%/";! SA#! 6%+.)/!5,)5! ,$! 7%$!_/%$1,"1'Q! J!*%"$U+!%3-)!+'!5'!%$#+.,$&!6'/!.,=8!3(+!.)!"+,--!.%5!=#!='+.)/!%$5!.,"!","+)/";U!7.)!5,5$U+!$))5!+'!/)2/'%1.!.)/")-6!'$!.,"!%11'($+;!7.)!.%5!/)>,",+)5!%--!'6!+.)!Z)/=%$!%$5!:.,$)")!.'(")"!".)!.%5!-,>)5!,$8!"'!+.%+!".)!1'(-5!"))!+.)=!%"!='/)!+.%$!W("+!2-%1)"! ".)!.%5! 6-)5;!T)/! "'$! %11'=2%$,)5!.)/! +'! 7.%$&.%,;! 7.)!>,",+)5! +.)!@.)-!


A',".)! "#$%&'&()8! 3(+! +.),/! 6-%+! '$! B)""6,)-5! C'%5! .%5! 3))$! 1-)%/)5! 6'/! %!/'($5%3'(+;!SH$5!T'$&4)*!"+,--!.%"$U+!&'+!%!")*)/%&)!"#"+)=;U!!

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

G)++,$%!.%5!)>)$!>,",+)5! +.)! 6%/=!*.)/)! ".)!*%"!3'/$;! J+!*%"! ,$!'+.)/!.%$5";!7.'/+-#!3)6'/)!-)%>,$&8!%$5!($5)/!&/)%+!2/)""(/)8!.)/!6%+.)/!.%5!"'-5!+.)!.'(")!%$5!-%$5!6'/!%!2%-+/#!"(=;!<.)!1'$+/%1+!.%5!2/'>)5!3,$5,$&;!S<.%+!5')"$U+!=%++)/8U!".)!"%,58!3/(".,$&!+.)!,$W("+,1)!%",5);!7.)!.%5!>,",+)5!+.)!$),&.3'(/"!%$5!&'+!+'!4$'*!+.)! $)*! &)$)/%+,'$;! 7.)! .%5! =%$%&)5! +'! +/%14! 5'*$! +.)! %55/)""! '6! +.)! &/)%+!&/%$55%(&.+)/! '6! +.)! 1''4!*.'!.%5! ")/>)5! +.)! 7+/%(""! 6%=,-#! "'! 6%,+.6(--#;! <.)!:%+.'-,1!$($"!*)/)!$'!-'$&)/!+.)/)Q!+.)!1'$>)$+!.%5!3))$!+(/$)5!,$+'!%$!'-5!6'-4"U!.'=)Q!+.,$&"!1.%$&)8!G)++,$%!%11)2+)5!+.%+;!!

@6! +.)! +)$! B)*,".! 6%=,-,)"! +.%+! .%5! -,>)5! ,$! +.)! %/)%8! '$-#! +*'! 3/'+.)/"! .%5!/)+(/$)5;! 7.)!.%5! "2'4)$! +'! +.)=;! 7.)!.%5!=%5)! %//%$&)=)$+"!*,+.! %!Z)/=%$!'66,1,%-! 6'/! +.)! /)$'>%+,'$!'6! +.)! B)*,".! 1)=)+)/#! %$5! 1'(-5!$'*! -)%>)! +.)!5)%5!3).,$5!*,+.!%$!)%"#!.)%/+;!H$5!+.)!"%=)!=%$!.%5!%-"'!($5)/+%4)$!+'!/)"+'/)!+.)!"#$%&'&()8!*.,1.!.%5!3))$!5)"+/'#)5!'$!d/,"+%--$%1.+;!<.)!"#$%&'&()!.)/!6%+.)/!.%5!/)"1()5!+.)!_,>)!G''4"!'6!A'")"!6/'=8!%+!+.)!-%"+!='=)$+;!

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

SH/"'$]U!J!%"4)5;!!

7.)!/%,")5!.)/!.%$5";!SH!".'/+!1,/1(,+8!%22%/)$+-#;U!!

J!1'(-5!+)--!6/'=!.)/!6%1)!+.%+!".)!5,5$U+!3)-,)>)!,+;!S<)//,3-);U!!

G)++,$%!$'55)5;!SJ+!1%$U+!3)!.)-2)5;U!

!I IMAGINED BETTINA’S!-,6)!%"!%!3,&8!1'=2-,1%+)5!2,)1)!'6!)=3/',5)/#!*,+.!%--!'6!+.)!+./)%5"!6,$,".)5!'66!$)%+-#8!%$5!#)+!*,+.!%$!)$'/='("!.'-)!,$!+.)!=,55-)0!+.)!-'""!'6!+.)!<'/%.;!7.)!*)$+!,$+'!+.)!4,+1.)$!+'!=%4)!"'=)!6/)".!1'66))8!%$5!J!"+''5!


(2!+'!-''4!%+!+.)!2%,$+,$&"!'$!+.)!*%--";!J!.%5$U+!3))$!%3-)!+'!"))!+.)=!2/'2)/-#!6/'=!+.)! 5,$,$&! +%3-)! 3(+! +.)! &'-5)$! 6/%=)"! .%5! /%,")5! )I2)1+%+,'$"! '6! "'=)+.,$&!/'=%$+,1;!_-'*)/"8!%!1%"+-)!'$!+.)!C.,$)8!2%,$+,$&"!,$!4))2,$&!*,+.!%!2,$4!%$5!1/)%=![,)$$)")!+)%.'(");!J!*%"!*/'$&;!<.)#!*)/)!"=%--!.(=%$!6,&(/)"!,$!>%"+!H("+/%-,%$!-%$5"1%2)"!*.)/)!+.)!'$-#!".%5)!*%"!2/'>,5)5!3#!"2%/")!&(=!+/))";!!

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

@>)/!),&.+#8!%$5!*,+.!%!3%5! -)&!V!*%"$U+! ,+! +,=)8! J!*'$5)/)58! +.%+!".)!"+%/+)5!+%4,$&!+.,$&"!%!-,++-)!)%",)/]!!

G)++,$%!-''4)5!%+!=)!/)2/'%1.6(--#;! SP)'2-)!=("+!=%4)!+.)=")->)"!(")6(-8U!".)!"%,5;!S@+.)/*,")!+.)/)U"!$'!2',$+!-,>,$&;U!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Bettina Streimer died on August 2010.

Carolijn Visser originally wrote this in Dutch, in Miss Concordia: Women Around the World (Amsterdam, 2006). Her memoir ‘Food and prayer’ was published in Griffith REVIEW 27: Food Chain.

David Colmer is an Australian writer and translator based in Amsterdam. He won the 2009 NSW Premier’s Translation Prize for his body of work and in 2010 his translation of Gerbrand Bakker’s The Twin won the prestigious IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.

This translation was supported by the Dutch Foundation for Literature.


MEMOIR

Never stop looking Photographing the dead and dying

Virginia Lloyd

TWO!"#$%&'!()*#+)!",!&-'(.$/0!1#&$0!/2)/!#*!')3#$/.+,!(#$)!3.$3)+0!4!.'5)/!&2"!2*!2%!6#-7/!()!.77!+28&%!2*!4!%##5!.!*)6!923%-+)'!#*!&2"!2$!()/:!4!6.'!$#%!7##52$8!%#!.//!%#!#-+!3#77)3%2#$!#*!9&#%#8+.9&'!#*!-'!.'!.!3#-97):!4!6.$%)/!9)+"2''2#$!%#!9&#%#8+.9&!&2'!9+2".+,!%-"#-+:!4$!&2'!3.7"!6.,!1#&$!3#$')$%)/!%#!",!+);-)'%0!.$/!62%&!6&.%!-99)+!(#/,!'%+)$8%&!+)".2$)/!&)!9+#99)/!&2"')7*!-9!.'!'%+.28&%!2$!()/!.'!&2'!()'2)8)/!'92$)!6#-7/!9)+"2%:!!

<&)$!6)!%&2$5!#*!'#")#$)!()2$8!2$!()/0!6)!%)$/!%#!2".82$)!%&)!9)+'#$!7,2$8!/#6$:!=-%!1#&$>'!9+2".+,!%-"#-+!(-78)/!*+#"!&2'!'.3+-"!725)!.!7#.*!#*!32.(.%%.0!.$/! *#+! "#$%&'! 7,2$8! #$! &2'! (.35! &./! ())$! 2"9#''2(7):! ?-)! %#! %&)! '9+)./! #*!")%.'%.')'!%&+#-8&!&2'!9)7@2'!.$/!*)"-+'0!&)!&./!8+./-.77,!7#'%!%&)!-')!#*!&2'!7)8'!.$/!6.'!$#!7#$8)+!.(7)!%#!6.75:!A2'!+28&%!%&28&0!'6#77)$!#-%!#*!.77!',"")%+,!62%&!&2'!7)*%0!(277#6)/!2$!*+#$%!#*!&2"!725)!.!'.27:!

?)'92%)!.7"#'%!3#$'%.$%!9.2$!*+#"!%&)!%-"#-+!9+)''2$8!#$!%&)!$)+@)'! 2$!&2'!'92$.7!3#+/0!1#&$!'&2*%)/!#$%#!&2'!7)*%!'2/)0!.$/!4!%##5!.!&.$/*-7!#*!923%-+)'!%&.%!3.9%-+)/! %&)!/2'%#+%2#$!#*! &2'! 7#6)+!(.35! .$/! +28&%! 7)8! 2$%#! .$! )B.88)+.%)/! CD'&.9):!4!+)")"()+!()2$8!'%+-35!(,!&#6!'.$8-2$)!&)!6.'!.(#-%!",!/)'2+)!%#!7##5!.%!&2"!%&+#-8&!.!3.")+.!7)$':!A)!'%.+)/!'%+.28&%!.&)./0!.'5)/!$#!;-)'%2#$'!.'!4!37235)/!%&)!'&-%%)+:!!

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

VIRGINIA LLOYD: Never stop looking 161

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

!EMBEDDED WITH AMERICAN!".+2$)'!2$!K*8&.$2'%.$>'!A)7".$/!F+#@2$3)!2$!K-8-'%! LMMN0! %&)!K''#32.%)/!F+)''!9&#%#8+.9&)+! 1-72)! 1.3#('#$! %##5! .!923%-+)! #*!O.$3)!P#+9#+.7!1#'&-.!E!=)+$.+/!'&#+%7,!.*%)+!.!+#35)%D9+#9)77)/!8+)$./)!"#+%.77,!6#-$/)/! &2":! 1.3#('#$0! .99+#B2".%)7,! %6)$%,! ")%+)'! .6.,! *+#"! %&)! 2$J-+)/!".+2$)0!9&#%#8+.9&)/!%&)!"#")$%!6&)$!")"()+'!#*!&2'!-$2%!+.$!%#!&2'!'2/)!%#!&)79!&2":!K7%&#-8&! )@.3-.%)/!62%&2$!"2$-%)'0!=)+$.+/!/2)/!#*!&2'!6#-$/'! %&)! '.")!/.,:!!

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email protected],!#*!%&)!/)./!E.+2$)>'!*."27,:!G&)!9-(723!/)(.%)!6.'!'#!&).%)/!%&.%!2%!7)/!%#!.!%6).52$8!#*!#**232.7!"272%.+,!9#723,!*#+!)"()//)/!")/2.:!

4!'.6!S?).%&!#*!.!E.+2$)>!*#+!%&)!*2+'%!%2")!2$!7.%)!LMTM0!6&)$!4!+)./!%&.%!%&)!9&#%#!&./! 6#$! 1.3#('#$! %&)! LMTM! R.77#6.,! K6.+/! *#+! "272%.+,! +)9#+%2$80! #$)! #*!9&#%#J#-+$.72'">'! &28&)'%! .33#7./)':! G&)! 9&#%#! 2'! (7-++,0! .$/! %.5)$! *+#"! .$!


-$/)+'%.$/.(7)!/2'%.$3)!62%&!.!%)7)9&#%#!7)$'0!(-%!%&)+)>'!$#!"2'%.52$8!=)+$.+/>'!$).+D')@)+)/!7)8!#+!%&)!9+#*-')!(7))/2$8!.'!&2'!*)77#6!".+2$)'!+-'&!%#!&2'!.2/:!G&)!R.77#6.,! K6.+/! J-/8)'! /)'3+2()/! &)+! 9&#%#! '72/)'&#6! .$/! .33#"9.$,2$8!$.++.%2#$!.'!.!S8+2992$8!%.7)!#*!3#"(.%>!%&.%!'&#6)/!*7,2$8!(-77)%'!.$/!%&)!)**#+%'!#*!=)+$.+/>'!3#"+./)'!%#!5))9!&2"!.72@):!

U$!%&)!KF!(7#8!1.3#('#$!6+#%)!#*!&)+!)B9)+2)$3)V!S4!'&#%!2".8)'!%&.%!/.,!6)77!.6.+)!%&.%!%&#')!2".8)'!3#-7/!@)+,!9#''2(7,!$)@)+!'))!%&)!728&%!#*!/.,:!4$!*.3%!4!6.'!'-+)!#*!2%:!=-%!4!'%277!*#-$/!",')7*!+)3#+/2$8!%&)"W4!6.'!+)3#+/2$8!&2'!2"9)$/2$8!/).%&0!J-'%!.'!4!&./!+)3#+/)/!&2'!72*)!"#")$%'!()*#+)!6.752$8!%&)!9#2$%!2$!%&)!(.X..+:!?).%&!2'!.!9.+%!#*!72*)!.$/!"#'%!3)+%.2$7,!.!9.+%!#*!6.+:!4'$>%!%&.%!6&,!6)>+)!&)+)Y!G#!/#3-")$%!*#+!$#6!.$/!*#+!&2'%#+,!%&)!)@)$%'!#*!%&2'!6.+Y>!

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


`)6)+! %&.$!&.7*! .! /#X)$! 8+.9&23! 9&#%#'! #*! /)./!K")+23.$! '#7/2)+'!6)+)!9-(72'&)/!2$!%&)!*2+'%!*2@)!,).+'!#*!%&)!IC!2$@.'2#$!#*!4+.;!"/)'92%)!%&)+)!()2$8!"#+)! %&.$! *#-+! %&#-'.$/! P#.72%2#$! *.%.72%2)'! /-+2$8! %&)! '.")! 9)+2#/:! G&+))!,).+'! 7.%)+0!62%&! %&)!P#.72%2#$!(#/,!3#-$%!.%!"#+)! %&.$!')@)$! %&#-'.$/0! %&)!$-"()+!#*!6#-$/)/!'#7/2)+'!2$!%&)2+!%)$'!#*!%&#-'.$/'0!.$/!.!%.77,!#*!32@272.$!/)./!%&.%!/)*2)'!()72)*0!%&)!923%#+2.7!3)$'#+'&29!#*!#-+!3-++)$%!6.+'!3#$%2$-)':!R.27!=-357.$/0!.!9+#*)''#+!#*!9&#%#8+.9&23!&2'%#+,!.%!P##9)+!I$2#$!2$!a)6!b#+50!%#7/!%&)!!"#$%&'($)*+",!%&.%!#-+!72"2%)/!.33)''!%#!923%-+)'!#*!3#"(.%!2$!4+.;! .$/! K*8&.$2'%.$! ").$'! %&.%! 6)! .+)! S"#+)! 2"9#@)+2'&)/! %#/.,! %&.$!K")+23.$'!6)+)!2$!%&)!$2$)%))$%&!3)$%-+,>0!6&)$!(.%%7)*2)7/!9&#%#8+.9&'!(,!%&)! ).+72)'%! S)"()//)/>! J#-+$.72'%'! '-3&! .'! E.%&)6! =+./,! .$/! G2"#%&,!U>C-772@.$!/#3-")$%)/!%&)!/#")'%23!.%+#32%2)'!#*!%&)!P2@27!<.+:!G&)!c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

G6#!)B."97)'!32%)/!(,!P7.+5!A#,%0!%&)$!F-(723!Z/2%#+!*#+!%&)!!"#$%&'($)*+",0!277-'%+.%)!%&)!."([email protected])$3)!%#6.+/'!9-(72'&)/!9&#%#8+.9&'!#*!%&)!/)./!.$/!/,2$8:!4$!1.$-.+,! LMMd0! %&)! 9&#%#8+.9&)+'! Q#()+%! a235)7'()+8! .$/! ?."2)$! P.@)! 6)+)!)"()//)/! 62%&! .$! .+",! 3#"9.$,! &)792$8! .$! 4+.;2! -$2%! ').+3&! *#+! 6).9#$'! 2$!=.8&/./:!C%.**!C)+8).$%!A)3%#+!O)2J.0!%#!6&#"!%&)!9&#%#8+.9&)+'!&./!())$!%.752$8!%#!"2$-%)'!).+72)+0!6.'!'&#%!2$!%&)!&)./:!G&)!%6#!")$!&)79)/!)@.3-.%)!O)2J.0!.$/!a235)7'()+8! *#77#6)/! %&)! '%+)%3&)+! /#6$'%.2+'! %#! .$! .+"#-+)/! @)&237)0! %.52$8!923%-+)':! O)2J.! /2)/! %&.%! "#+$2$8:! `#-+! /.,'! 7.%)+0! 6&)$! O)2J.>'! *."27,! &./! ())$!$#%2*2)/!#*!&2'!/).%&0!%&)!)*+",!9-(72'&)/!.!9&#%#8+.9&!#*!&2"!#$!%&)!'%+)%3&)+!62%&!.$#%&)+! '#7/2)+>'! &.$/! 3#@)+2$8! %&)! 6#-$/:! O)2J.>'! *."27,! 6.'! /2'%+)'')/! (,! %&)!3#@)+.8)0!.$/!%&)!.+",!%&+).%)$)/!%#!(.$!%&)!9&#%#8+.9&)+'!*+#"!)"()//2$8!62%&!%&)!"272%.+,:!4$!'%.+5!3#$%+.'%0!1#e#!C27@.>'!LMMf!9&#%#8+.9&'!#*!O.$3)!P#+9#+.7!1-.$!c.7/)XDP.'%277#0!.!".+2$)!')+2#-'7,!6#-$/)/!2$!g.+".!]$).+!`.77-J.&_!.$/!+)'3-)/!(,!C)+8).$%!1)'')!Z!O).3&0!7)/!$#%!%#!%&+).%'!.$/!#-%+.8)!(-%!%#!.!")/.7!*#+!O).3&:!!

O)2J.!/2)/0!.$/!c.7/)XDP.'%277#!72@)/:!?#)'!%&)!/2**)+)$%!+)'9#$')!%#!%&)!9-(72'&)/!9&#%#'!(#27!/#6$!%#!%&)!/2**)+)$3)!()%6))$!72*)!.$/!/).%&Y!Q)'3-)!.$/!'-+@[email protected]!2'!.!'%#+,!62%&!.!&)+#0!(-%!/).%&!2'!$#%!"-3&!#*!.!'%#+,!.%!.77:!!

F&#%#J#-+$.72'%'! .$/! &2'%#+2.$'! .725)! +)"2$/! -'! %&.%! 9&#%#8+.9&'! 6277! &)79!9+)@)$%!-'!*+#"!*#+8)%%2$80!(-%!4!6#$/)+!2*!%&.%>'!9.+%7,!J-'%!.!3#$@)$2)$%!/)*)$3)!.8.2$'%! %&)! 2$)@2%.(7)!6.$2$8!#*!9-(723!.%%)$%2#$! %#! %&)!'%#+2)'!#*! 2$/2@2/-.7'!.$/!8+#-9'!6&#!6277!.76.,'!+)".2$!'%+.$8)+'! %#!-':!a#!#$)!6&#!&.'! 7#'%!.! *+2)$/!#+!


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

F)+&.9'!4!)B9)3%!%##!"-3&!*+#"!9&#%#8+.9&'!H!#+!%##!"-3&!*+#"!",')7*!6&)$!4!7##5!.%!%&)":!<&)%&)+!7##52$8!.%!S?).%&!#*!.!E.+2$)>!#+!%&)!9&#%#'!#*!",!&-'(.$/>'!3.$3)[email protected])/!(#/,0!4!*))7!.!+.$8)!#*!-')7)''!)"#%2#$'V!.$8)+!.$/!&)797)''$)''0!92%,!.$/!)$)+@.%2#$:! 4!6#$/)+! 2*! %&+#-8&! %&)!.3%!#*!#(')+@2$8! 4!&.@)!)B97#2%)/0!#+!."!3#77-/2$8! 2$! %&)! )B97#2%.%2#$! #*0! %&)')! /2**)+)$%7,! 6#-$/)/! (#/2)'[! 2*! %&)!9&#%#8+.9&'! .+)! 2$! '#")! 6.,! 9#+$#8+.9&23[! 2*! %&),! 3.$! )@)+! ()! "#+)! %&.$! .!"#$-")$%!%#!%&)2+!#6$!*-%272%,0!.$/!%#!%&)!*-%272%,!#*!%&)!3#$*723%!#+!%&)!/2').')!%&),!+)'9)3%2@)7,!+)9+)')$%:!!

4!6.'!+)72)@)/!%#!*2$/!C#$%.8!'#!8)$)+#-'!#$!%&2'!9#2$%V!S4%!2'!$#%!.!/)*)3%!%&.%!6)!.+)!$#%!').+)/0!%&.%!6)!/#!$#%!'-**)+!)$#-8&0!6&)$!6)!'))!%&)')!2".8)'0>!'&)!6+2%)':!SC-3&!2".8)'!3.$$#%!()!"#+)!%&.$!.$!2$@2%.%2#$!%#!9.,!.%%)$%2#$0!%#!+)*7)3%0!%#!7).+$0!%#!)B."2$)! %&)! +.%2#$.72'.%2#$'! *#+!".''! '-**)+2$8!#**)+)/!(,!)'%.(72'&)/!9#6)+':>!=-%!2$!%&)!-$2@)+')!#*!9+2@.%)!'-**)+2$80!%&)+)!2'!$#!+.%2#$.72'2$80!$#!8#@)+$2$8!7#8230!$#!7)''#$!%#!7).+$:!

U$)!9&#%#J#-+$.72'%!6&#!6.$%'!"#+)! *+#"!&)+!6#+5! %&.$! .!9&#%#! )''.,! 2$! .!".8.X2$)! 2'!a2$.!=)+".$:!C&)!&./!&).+/! +)9#+%'! *+#"! 4+.;!.(#-%! '#7/2)+'!()2$8!6#-$/)/0!(-%!+).72')/!'&)!6.'!'))2$8!$#!2".8)'!#*!%&)":!a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

I$%27! =)+".$>'! (##5! 6.'! 9-(72'&)/0! 2$! LMMh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iTMM0MMM:! SG&)! 8+).%)'%! 3.'-.7%,! 2'! ()2$8!*#+8#%%)$0>!6.@)'!%&)!%.872$)!725)!.!*7.8!.3+#''!%&)!%#9!#*!%&)!<#-$/)/!<.++2#+!&#")9.8):!


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

K$!)**)3%2@)!.$%2/#%)! %#!37.2"'!#*!)B97#2%.%2#$!.$/! S."9-%))!9#+$>! 2'!=)+".$>'!.33#"9.$,2$8!%)B%!2$!47'89"$:"/'2,$H!$#%!%&)!9&#%#8+.9&)+>'!#6$!$.++.%2#$!].'!2$!1-72)!1.3#('#$>'!.6.+/D62$$2$8!)B."97)_!(-%!%&)!'#7/2)+'>!#6$!6#+/'0!%+.$'3+2()/!*+#"!2$%)+@2)6'!62%&!%&)!.-%&#+:!`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

G&)+)!6.'!$#!S#@)+3#"2$8>!",!&-'(.$/>'!3.$3)+0!$#!%+2-"9&!#@)+!&2'!%)+"2$.7!277$)'':!1#&$!/2)/!.!*)6!6))5'!.*%)+!4!%##5!%&#')!9&#%#8+.9&'0!.$/!&)!+)".2$'!%&)!#$7,!#%&)+!9)+'#$!6&#!&.'!'))$!%&)":!G&),!6)+)!H!%&),!.+)!H!9.+%!#*!",!"#-+$2$80!


.$/!+)".2$!9+2@.%)0!&#6)@)+!;-.2$%!%&.%!3#$3)9%!&.'!()3#"):!4!$)@)+!"./)!9+2$%'!#*!%&)"0!.$/!&.@)!7##5)/!.%!%&)"!#$7,!.!*)6!%2")'!#$!",!3#"9-%)+!'3+))$:!G&),!.+)!%##!-9')%%2$80! *#+! %&),! +)"2$/!")!(#%&!#*! 1#&$>'! '-**)+2$8!.$/!#*!",!#6$0!@)+,!/2**)+)$%0!/2'%+)'':!!

=-%! .'! %&)! ,).+'! 9.''0! 4! '%277! 3.$$#%! (+2$8!",')7*! %#!/)7)%)! %&)! ')+2)'! *+#"!",!3#"9-%)+:! G&),! .+)! .! '27)$%! +)"2$/)+! #*! &#6! 4!9.+%2329.%)/! 2$! %&)!9+#3)''! #*! &2'!/,2$8[!&#6!4!-')/!%)3&$#7#8,!%#!&)79!")!/#3-")$%!2%!.$/!%#!/2'%.$3)!",')7*!.'!&)!'7299)/!.6.,[!&#6!&)797)''!4!6.'!%#!.7%)+!%&)!2$)B#+.(7)!3#-+')!#*!)@)$%'!H!#+!%#!'%#9!7##52$8:!

Virginia Lloyd is a columnist and freelance writer who mentors memoir writers. She is the author of The Young Widow’s Book of Home Improvement (UQP, 2008), which was excerpted in Griffith REVIEW 17: Staying Alive.


MEMOIR

Denzil Father to the man

Brian Geach

FOR! "! #$#%&'! (%! )$%*&+'! ,%-$.&/*%! #%0! 1%! *'",%*! "'! #%2! ,(%3#45%4%)2! '(%&!6,%"7*!/&'$!"!*#/8%0!

9:%,4!&/-%2+!(%!*"4*2!9;%,4!&/-%0+!

<+#!/&!"!*3/'!"&)!'/%!63'!(%+*!*'/88!/&!(/*!=4>"#"*0!?",8/%,2!<+)!*=$7%&!'$!'(%!&3,*%0!91%+*!"!6/'!*',$==4!'(/*!#$,&/&.0!@$38)&+'!8%'!3*!*($A%,!(/#0!@%!',/%)!'$!-"88!4$3!63'!4$3,!=($&%!)/)&+'!"&*A%,0!@%!.";%!(/#!"!B%A!),$=*!3&)%,!(/*!'$&.3%!'$!-"8#!(/#!)$A&0!<!($=%!'("'+*!$7"4C+!

9D3,%2+!<+)!,%=8/%)2!.8"&-/&.!"'!#4!A"'-(0!9E&4'(/&.!B$,!"!F3/%'!8/B%0+!

<!'"7%!$BB!#4!>"-7%'!"&)!'/%2!"&)!,$88!3=!#4!*8%%;%*0!1%!8$$7*!"'!#%!F3/GG/-"8840!

9H$#%!$&2+!<!*"40!9<+#!.$/&.!'$!./;%!4$3!"!*($A%,0+!

9<!)$&+'!&%%)!"!*($A%,2+!(%!,%=8/%*2!63'!<+#!-$&*-/$3*!$B!'(%!'/#%0!@%!-"&+'!6%!8"'%!'$)"42!*$!<!.%&'84!*'%%,!(/#!/&'$!'(%!*($A%,!,$$#0!1%!=,$'%*'*!63'!(/*!"=("*/"!"&)!)%#%&'/"!#3))4!"&4!-$(%,%&'!$6>%-'/$&0!

1%+*!*'/88!-("''/&.!'$!(/#*%8B!"*!<!,%#$;%!(/*!'$=!"&)!'A$!*/&.8%'*2!6$'(!$B!A(/-(!",%!$&!6"-7A",)*0!<!(";%!'$!6%&)!'$!,%#$;%!(/*!=4>"#"!6$''$#*2!A(/8%!(%!*'%")/%*!(/#*%8B!A/'(!(/*!("&)!$&!#4!6"-70!<'+*!&$'!'(%!.,%"'%*'!=$*/'/$&!B$,!#%!'$!"**3#%I!"!8/''8%!'$$!-8$*%!'$!'($*%!",%"*!$B!4$3,!&/&%'454%",5$8)!B"'(%,+*!'$,*$!'("'!4$3+;%!*=%&'!'(%! 8"*'! */J'4! 4%",*! &$'! -$&'%#=8"'/&.0! <! '3,&! $&! '(%! *($A%,! "&)! *(%=(%,)! (/#!'$A",)!'(%!*=,"40!

<!8$$7!"'!(/*!6$)40!<'+*!6%&'!&$A2!"&)!)/#/&/*(%)2!"8#$*'!#3##458/7%0!K$&%*!=,$',3)%! B,$#! (/*! ,$3&)%)! 6"-7! "&)2! A(%&! <! =3'! #4! ",#! ",$3&)! (/#2! (/*!*($38)%,*!B%%8!8/7%!"!63&-(!$B!7%4*!/&!"!*#"88!-8$'(!6".0!1/*!*7/&!/*!=",-(#%&'5'(/&! "&)! -$;%,%)! A/'(! "! A(/'%! '("'-(! $B! 6$)4! ("/,0! 1/*! 8%.*! (";%! "',$=(/%)L!'(%4!",%!8/7%!*'/-7*0!1/*!6"-7*/)%!/*!B8"'!"&)!B8"6642!"!&%A6$,&!6"64+*0!


<*!'(/*!'(%!*"#%!6$)4!<!,%#%#6%,2!"!6$)4!'("'!-",,/%)!#%!"*!"!-(/8)!%BB$,'8%**84!"*!A%! *A"#! /&! "! -$$8! .,%4! *%"C! <*! '(/*! '(%! *"#%! 6$)4! '("'! 6$J%)2! =8"4%)! B$$'6"882!7&$-7%)!$3'!'(%!&%J'5)$$,!&%/.(6$3,!"&)!B"'(%,%)!-(/8),%&C!<*!'(/*!'(%!6$)4!$B!"&!3=,/.('!*$8)/%,!"&)!=$8/-%#"&C!M(%!B,"#%!'("'!-",,/%)!(/#!'(,$3.(!"!A$,8)!A",2!'A/-%!A$3&)%)C!

9<+88!)$!4$3,!6"-7!"&)!-(%*'2!N")2!63'!4$3+88!(";%!'$!)$!'(%!$'(%,!6/'*2+!<!*"40!

9N$!#4!-,"-72!A/88!4$3C+!(%!*"4*2!68"&75B"-%)0!!

<!7&$A!(%+*!A/&)/&.!#%!3=0!9<+#!&$'!)$/&.!4$3,!68$$)4!",*%2+!<!*"42!8"3.(/&.0!9M("'+*!4$3,!>$60+!

1%! 8$$7*! "'! #%! "&)! *#/8%*0! 9@("'! "6$3'! '(/*2! '(%&C+! (%! *"4*2! .,"66/&.! (/*!*(,/;%88%)!=%&/*!"&)!'3../&.!$&!/'0!

<!*'/88!-"&+'!F3/'%!.%'!3*%)!'$!(/*!&%AB$3&)!8"-7!$B!/&(/6/'/$&0!1%!A"*!"8A"4*!*3-(!"!#$)%*'!#"&0!D%J3"8/'4!A"*!$&84!"883)%)!'$!/&!*8/.('84!$BB5-$8$3,!>$7%*2!"!A"4!$B!)/*'"&-/&.!(/#*%8B!B,$#!"&4!/&'/#"'%!)/*-3**/$&0!

<!8$$7!"A"40!9O$!$&2!4$3!*/884!$8)!63..%,0!O%'!$&!A/'(!/'0+!P$A!<+#!'(%!#$)%*'!$&%0!

1%!8"3.(*!"."/&!"&)!*'",'*!;/.$,$3*84!*$"=/&.!'(%!"**/.&%)!",%"*0!

9E88!$B!/'2+!<!*"40!9P$'!>3*'!'("'!6/'0+!

<! '$A%8!(/#!)$A&!A(/8%!(%!.,/&*!"&)!.,3&'*!"==,$;"80! <!"8#$*'!%J=%-'!(/#!'$!*("7%!(/#*%8B!8/7%!"!)$.!A(%&!<!B/&/*(0!

9K8$$)4!#",;%88$3*2+!(%!*"4*2!B83*(%)!"&)!*#/8/&.0!

<&!B,$&'!$B!'(%!#/,,$,!<!8"'(%,!3=!(/*!-,%"*%)!B"-%!"&)!*'",'!'$!*(";%!(/#0!!

9H(,/*'2+!(%!*"4*2!A(%&!<!&/-7!(/*!'$=!8/=0!!

<!"=$8$./*%2!63'!*(";/&.!(/#!/*!)/BB/-38'2!8/7%!7&$''/&.!"!'/%!$&!*$#%$&%!%8*%2!"&)!-$#=8/-"'%)!64!"!-,"..4!"&)!3&=,%)/-'"68%!B"-/"8!8"&)*-"=%0!

<&!(/*!,$$#!<!#"&$%3;,%!(/#!/&'$!(/*!*$-7*!"&)!3&)%,="&'*2!"&)!.%'!(/#!'$!*'"&)!A(/8%!<!=3'!$&!(/*!*(/,'0!<!=388!3=!(/*!.,%4!*%,.%!',$3*%,*!"&)!*8/=!$&!(/*!B";$3,/'%!6,$A&!8$"B%,*0!<+;%!6,$3.('!"8$&.!$&%!$B!#4!'/%*0!

9<*!'(/*!$7"4C+!<!"*70!

9K8$$)4!6%"3'/B382+!(%!*"4*0!!

<!-"&!'%88!(%+*!%&>$4/&.!'(/*0!

9@(%,%+*!4$3,!-$#6C+!<!*"40!1%!8$$7*!"'!#%!-$&*=/,"'$,/"8842!A/&7*!"&)!'"=*!'(%!*/)%!$B!(/*!&$*%0!1%!6%-7$&*!#%!$;%,!'$!(/*!6%)*/)%!-"6/&%'!"&)!$=%&*!'(%!6$''$#!),"A%,2!,%;%"8/&.!"!)$G%&!$,!*$!/)%&'/-"8!68"-7!-$#6*0!M(/*!/*!)$&%!A/'(!'(%"',/-"8!*$8%#&/'4!63'!/'!*8$A*!)$A&!'(%!=,$-%%)/&.*2!"&)!<+#!*'",'/&.!'$!.%'!/#="'/%&'0!

BRIAN GEACH: Denzil 169

9@(%,%!)/)!4$3!.%'!"88!$B!'($*%C+!<!"*72!7&$A/&.!B388!A%88!'(%!"&*A%,2!63'!(%!'"=*!(/*!&$*%!"&)!A/&7*!"."/&0!

1%+*!6%-$#%!"!($",)%,!$B!8"'%I!/&!"))/'/$&!'$!'(%!-$#6*!'(%,%!",%!)$G%&*!$B!'$A%8*!*'$8%&!B,$#!'(%!8"3&),42!B$3,!-"&*!$B!*(";/&.!-,%"#2!"!-$88%-'/$&!$B!3*%)!)/*=$*"68%!,"G$,*!"&)!"!),"A%,!B388!$B!/&-$&'/&%&-%!=")*2!"88!$B!A(/-(!(%!$BB%,*!'$!#%!"*!./B'*!$&!#4! A%%784! ;/*/'*0! P$6$)4! %8*%! /*! "88$A%)! '$! '$3-(! '(%*%! /'%#*0! M$! )$! *$! "&)! '$!/.&$,%!'(%!A",&/&.!$&!(/*!-8/&/-"8!&$'%*!Q!"#$%&$'()#*(+&,")&(#--$&../0&R!/*!'$!/&;/'%!(/*!A,"'(2!"*!'(%!&%A!A",)!&3,*%2!B,$#!S%&4"2!B$3&)!$3'!8"*'!A%%70!

T%#/&)%)!$B!'(/*!%=/*$)%2!(/*!B"-%!-8$3)*!$;%,0!9K8"-7!6/'-(2+!(%!*"4*!"&.,/840!

91%42! '("'+*! %&$3.(! $B! '("'! '"872+! <! *"4! *'%,&840! U$,! "! #$#%&'! (%! 8$$7*! 8/7%! "!-("*'/*%)!-(/8)2!%#6",,"**%)!"&)!)%B/"&'!"'!'(%!*"#%!'/#%0!E.%!"&)!)%#%&'/"!(";%!,%#$;%)!"&4!*%&*%!$B!=,$=,/%'4!$,!*%8B5-%&*3,%2!"&)!/&(/6/'/$&*!"&)!=,%>3)/-%*!'("'!A%,%!$&-%!7%='!/&!-(%-7!&$A!%#%,.%2!$B'%&!B$,-%B38840!

9H$#%!$&2+!<!*"40!9D'"&)!/&!B,$&'!$B!'(%!#/,,$,0+!

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

9E,%!A%!,/.('C+!<!*"42!%J',"-'/&.!(/*!A(%%8-("/,!B,$#!6%(/&)!'(%!)$$,0!

9X%*2+!(%!*"4*0!9YB!-$3,*%0!W%'+*!.$0+!

E*! A%! %#%,.%! B,$#! (/*! ,$$#! '(%! *'"BB! B$,#! "! ,%*=%-'B38! =("8"&J! $B! "==,$;"80!M(%4! 7&$A! '(/*! /*! "! *=%-/"8! )"42! "&)! (%")*! '3,&0! Z$*'! (";%! &%;%,! *%%&! (/#!=,%*%&'%)!8/7%!'(/*2!"&)!<!'(/&7!*$#%!",%!"!8/''8%!*3,=,/*%)0!

9O$$)!83-72+!$&%!$B!'(%!&3,*%*!*($3'*0!Z4!B"'(%,!,%'3,&*!'(%/,!.$$)!A/*(%*!A/'(!"!,%."8!A";%!"&)!"!*#/8%0!1%+*!8"==/&.!/'!3=0!

!OUTSIDE IN THE!-",!=",72!'(%!"3'3#&!*3&!-"*'*!)%%=!*(")$A*0!

9@(%,%+*!4$3,!-",C+!(%!*"4*!*F3/&'/&.!/&!'(%!.8",%0!

<!=$/&'! /'!$3'! /&!'(%!)/*'"&-%0!1%+*!*%%&!/'!#"&4!'/#%*!6%B$,%!63'!%"-(!;/%A/&.!%J-/'%*!(/#0!

9Y(! H(,/*'0! K8"-72+! (%! *"4*0! 9K8$$)4! 6%"3'/B380+! <'! *%%#*! &$'(/&.! -"&! .$! A,$&.!'$)"40!

Z4!A/B%!/*!A"/'/&.!/&!'(%!-",0!P3,*/&.!($#%*!#"7%!(%,!%).4L!'(%!*#%88!$B!'(%!A",)*!"&)!'(%!=,$J/#/'4!'$!B,"/8'4!V!'$!)%"'(!V!3&*%''8%*!(%,0!1/*!%4%*!8/.('!3=!A(%&!


(%!*%%*!(%,2!%;%&!'($3.(!(%+*!&%;%,!F3/'%!*3,%!A(%,%!*(%!*/'*!/&!'(%!B%#"8%!="&'(%$&0!@/B%2!#$'(%,2!*/*'%,2!)"3.('%,I!'(%4!",%!"88!/&'%,-("&.%"68%!%&'/'/%*!&$A0!

91%88$2!N%&G/80!N$&+'!4$3!8$$7!*#",'C+!*(%!*"4*0!!

1%!6%"#*!"."/&0!

9@(%,%+;%!4$3!6%%&C+!*(%!*"4*!'$!#%2!.8"&-/&.!$;%,!#4!B"'(%,+*!*($38)%,!A(/8%!*(%!(%8=*!(/#!/&'$!'(%!6"-7!*%"'0!9E&)!4$3,!68$$)4!*(/,'+*!"88!A%'0+!

<!*("7%!#4!(%")0!9N$&+'!"*70+!

@%! =388! $3'! $B! '(%! ),/;%A"4! "&)! /&'$! '(%! ',"BB/-0! Z4! B"'(%,! ("*! &$'! *'$==%)!-("''%,/&.!*/&-%!A%!-8/-7%)!(/#!/&'$!'(%!6"-7!*%"'0! <'+*! 8",.%84!&$&*%&*%!'"87! V!(/*!$A&!>"66%,A$-74!8"&.3".%2!/'*!'A/*'%)!;$-"638",4!%%,/84!A$;%&!'(,$3.(!'(%!#$,%!B"#/8/",! ,(4'(#*! $B! ?&.8/*(2! "&)! =3&-'3"'%)! 64! B"-/"8! %J=,%**/$&*! "&)! 6$)4!8"&.3".%!'("'!"'!8%"*'!./;%!3*!*$#%!-83%!'$!(/*!#$$)2!/B!&$'!'$!'(%!#%"&/&.!$B!(/*!#$&$8$.3%*0!

E*!A%! >$/&!'(%!%J=,%**A"4!(%!*'",'*!,%-/'/&.!"! *%,/%*!$B!*%%#/&.84!#%"&/&.8%**!A$,)*!"&)!*$3&)*0!9U/#2+!(%!*"4*0!9@".2!B/)8%2!-"6$&2!)/>2!-3;0+!E*!'(%!',"BB/-!'(/&*2!(%!="3*%*2!63'!*$$&!*'",'*!3=!"."/&0!9D'32!>",70+!

Z4!A/B%!8$$7*!"'!#%2!=3GG8%)0!

9P3#6%,!=8"'%*2+!<!*"4!*$B'840!91%+*!,%")/&.!&3#6%,!=8"'%*0+!

9P/-%!',%%*2+!(%!*"4*2!"&)!'(%&!*'",'*!A(/*'8/&.!*$B'842!/&A",)840!

Z4!A/B%!*($$'*!#%!"&$'(%,!.8"&-%!"&)!*(,3.*!(%,!*($38)%,*0!<!-8%",!#4!'(,$"'0!

9X$3! 7&$A! A(%,%! A%+,%! .$/&.! '$)"42! N")C+! <! *"40! 1%! 7%%=*! A(/*'8/&.! "&)!)$%*&+'!"&*A%,0!

9<!*"42!N")2!4$3!7&$A!A(%,%!A%+,%!.$/&.!'$)"42!)$&+'!4$3C+!

1%!="3*%*0! 91##2+!(%!#3,#3,*2!(/*!B,"./8%!-$&-%&',"'/$&!6,$7%&0!<!-"&!*%%!(/*!-$&B3*%)!B"-%!/&!'(%!,%",5;/*/$&!#/,,$,0!1%!-"'-(%*!#4!#/,,$,%)2!%&F3/,/&.!%4%0!

9Z$##"2+!(%!-,/%*!',/3#=("&'84!"!#$#%&'!8"'%,0!9Z$##"0+!

9M("'+*!,/.('2+!<!*"40!9N$,$'(40+!

Z$#%&'",/84!(%+*!8$*'!/&!(/*!'($3.('*2!63'!*$$&!'(%!A(/*'8/&.!*'",'*!"."/&0!

9M($,$3.(84!%&>$4/&.!#4*%8B2+!(%!*"4*2!,366/&.!(/*!("&)*!'$.%'(%,!6,/*784!V!"&)!'(%&2!3&)%,!(/*!6,%"'(2!9<+#!'($,$3.(84!%&>$4/&.!#4*%8B0+!

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

!I GLANCE AT!(/#!"*!'(%!"B'%,&$$&!*3&!*',/7%*!(/*!A$,&!B"-%!"&)!7&$A!(%!A/88!&%;%,!6%!"68%!'$!%J=8"/&!(/*!8/B%!'$!#%!&$A0!<'+*!'$$!8"'%0!1/*!#%#$,/%*!",%!"88!63'!.$&%0!<!,%"8/*%)!*$#%!'/#%!".$!'("'!A%!6$'(!#/**%)!"!B8%%'/&.!#$#%&'!$B!-3,/$*/'4!"&)!,%-$.&/'/$&0!

U$,!#$*'!$B!#4!")38'!8/B%!<!B"38'%)!(/#!B$,!$3,!8"-7!$B!/&'/#"-42!63'!&$A!<!7&$A!<+#!"*!#3-(!'$!68"#%!"*!(%!A"*0!@(4!A"*!#4!-3,/$*/'4!*$!*%8B5*%,;/&.2!"&)!A(4!)/)!<!*";%!/'!/&!'(%!#"/&!B$,!'(%!',/'%!"&)!'(%!*=%-'"-38",C!@(4!)/)!/'!'"7%!#%!*$!8$&.!'$!3&)%,*'"&)!'("'!"!-",/&.!-3,/$*/'4!B$,!"!8$;%)!$&%!/*!'(%!38'/#"'%!/&'/#"-4C!

D$!#3-(!("*!("==%&%)!/&!'(%!8"*'!'(,%%!4%",*I!#4!B"'(%,+*!"--/)%&'L!#4!#$'(%,+*!*A/B'!"&)!6,3'"8!)%-8/&%!/&'$!B388568$A&!)%#%&'/"2!'%",/&.!"=",'!"8,%")4!B,"./8%!"&)!'%&'"'/;%! 8/;%*0! 1$A! F3/-784! '(/&.*! -("&.%! "&)! ($A! F3/-784! A%! ",%! B$,-%)! '$!%;"83"'%!$3,!8/;%*0!1$A!%BB/-/%&'84!)%#%&'/"!("*!'"7%&!#4!#$'(%,!"&)!B"'(%,!A(/8%!'"&'"8/*/&.! 3*! A/'(! '(%/,! =(4*/-"8! =,%*%&-%0! @/'(! "! B3'/8%! 3,.%&-4! <! 8$&.%)! '$!3&*-,"#68%!(/*!'($3.('*2!'$!#"7%!*%&*%!$B!'(/&.*2!'$!),"A!-8$*%,0!

\3*'!"B'%,!(/*!"--/)%&'!<!*"'!64!(/*!6%)!%"-(!)"4!"&)!'"87%)!A/'(!(/#0!?;%&!"'!'(/*!=$/&'!)%#%&'/"!(")!(/#2!6,$7%&!"&)!6,3/*%)2!/&!/'*!.,"*=!V!63'!A%!A%,%!"68%!'$!(";%!"!B,"./8%2!)/*>$/&'%)!-$&;%,*"'/$&0!@%!'"87%)!$B!(/*!-(/8)($$)!"&)!(/*!#$'(%,!"&)!(/*!;/88".%!/&!H$,&A"880!1%!*=$7%!$B!(/*!*%;%&!4%",*!"*!"!4$3&.!*$8)/%,L!$B!B%",!"&)!$B!)%"'(!"&)!$B!'(%!B/.('/&.!/&!U,"&-%0!1%!'$8)!#%!$B!(/*!'/#%!84/&.!6")84!A$3&)%)!/&!"!B/%8)!/&!P$,#"&)42!68$$)5*$"7%)!"&)!"8$&%2!8/B%!),"/&/&.!B,$#!(/#0!

1%!'$8)!#%!'(/&.*!<+)!&%;%,!(%",)!(/#!*=%"7!$B!6%B$,%0!N,"A&!'$!(/*!="*'!"&)!-3,/$3*!'$!8$-"'%!(/*!#%#$,/%*2!<!;/*/'%)!'(%!B/%8)!/&!H"%&!'(%!B$88$A/&.!4%",0! <&! '(%! #/))8%! $B! "! 6/''%,! P$,#"&)4! A/&'%,2! $;%,-$#%! 64! '(%! *=%-',"8!


=,%*%&-%!$B!#4!B"'(%,!"&)!"88!'($*%!4$3&.!#%&!A($!*3BB%,%)!"&)!)/%)!$&!'(/*!*=$'2!<!B%88!'$!#4!7&%%*!$&!'(%!B,$*'5(",)%&%)!%",'(!"&)!-,/%)!/&-$&*$8"6840!

W"*'!A%%72!"*!<!*"'!A/'(!(/#!$&!(/*!6"8-$&42!<!"*7%)!(/#!'$!,%")!'(%!B,$&'!=".%!$B!'(%!&%A*="=%,0!<!)$!'(/*!*$#%'/#%*2!63'!/'!/*!B$,!#4!6%&%B/'2!&$'!(/*0!1/*!"=("*/"!)$%*!&$'!"BB%-'!(/*!,%")/&.!*7/88*2!'($3.(!(/*!-$#=,%(%&*/$&!/*!#3))/%)0!<!"*7!(/#!'$!)$!/'!*$!'("'!<!-"&!(%",!#4!B"'(%,!'"87!*%&*/684!"."/&2!*',/&.!#$,%!'("&!B/;%!$,!*/J!-$.%&'!A$,)*!'$.%'(%,2!-3'!'(,$3.(!'(%!-$&B3*%)!6"668%0!<!)$!/'!'$!,%#%#6%,!(/#0!

D$#%'/#%*!'$$2!(%!,%#%#6%,*!#%0!<!7&$A!(%!,%.",)*!#%!"*!"!B"#/8/",!B"-%!A($!'"7%*!(/#!B$,!"!),/;%!"&)!*($A%,*!(/#!63'!=,$6"6842!#$*'!/#=$,'"&'842!"*!*$#%$&%!A($! */'*! "&)! 8/*'%&*! '$! (/*! %",&%*'! '"870! <! '(/&7! /'! #"7%*! (/#! ("==4! "&)! /B! (%! /*!("==42!'(%&!*$!"#!<0!<!&$!8$&.%,!&%%)!(/#!'$!-"88!#%!(/*!*$&0!M$!%J=%-'!(/#!'$!)$!*$!/*!#$,%!'$!)$!A/'(!#4!.3/8'2!#4!-$&-%/'0!

E!B%A!A%%7*!".$2!'($3.(2!/&!(/*!,$$#2!(%!*3))%&84!*'$==%)!'"87/&.0!1%!8$$7%)!"'! #%! *',"&.%84! "&)! '(%&! 6%-7$&%)! #%! $;%,0! 1%! *',3..8%)! $3'! $B! (/*! -("/,! "*! <!#$;%)! '$A",)! (/#0! Z$#%&'",/84! (%! 8$*'! (/*! 6"8"&-%2! *'%")/%)! (/#*%8B! "&)! '(%&!'(,%A!(/*!",#*!",$3&)!#%0!

9Z4! 6/.! )",8/&.! 6$42+! (%! *"/)2! .,/==/&.! #%! "&)! ($8)/&.! #4! B"-%! -8$*%! '$! (/*!,$3.(2!*'3668%)!-(%%70!E&)!'(%&!(%!7/**%)!#%0!<!(%8)!(/#!%;%&!'/.('%,!A(/8%!'(%!'%",*!*'3&.!#4!B"-%0!

!‘ARE YOU OKAY?’!#4!A/B%!*"4*0!D(%!'$3-(%*!#4!",#2!A$,,/%)0!9N$&+'!'(/&7!'$$!#3-(!"6$3'!/'0!X$3!&%%)!'$!6%!*',$&.!'$)"40!X$3+88!6%!"88!,/.('0!X$3!"8A"4*!",%0+!

@%!,$3&)!'(%!-$,&%,2!="**!'(,$3.(!'(%!A,$3.('5/,$&!."'%*!"&)!B$88$A!'(%!*/.&*!'$! '(%! -",! =",70! M(%,%! ",%! "! B%A! B"#/8/",! B"-%*! #/88/&.! ",$3&)! '(%! -("=%82! #"/&84!B,/%&)*!$B!#/&%!"&)!$B!#4!*/*'%,0!D$#%!,%#%#6%,!#4!=",%&'*!B,$#!$3,!-(/8)($$)L!$'(%,*!",%!'(%,%!'$!"))!*3==$,'0!M(%,%!",%!B%A!$B!#4!=",%&'*+!-$&'%#=$,",/%*I!#$*'!(";%!)/%)!$,!),/B'%)!"A"40!

E&!$8)!B"#/84!B,/%&)!"==,$"-(%*0!91%88$2!N%&G/82+!(%!*"4*0!9W$&.!'/#%2!&$!*%%0+!

Z4!B"'(%,!*#/8%*!"&)!*("7%*!("&)*!;/.$,$3*840!1%!("*!&$!/)%"!A($!'(/*!=%,*$&!/*!63'!(%!,%=8/%*!"88!'(%!*"#%0!9X%*!/&)%%)2!8$&.!'/#%0+!

Y'(%,*!."'(%,!",$3&)!(/#!"*!<!=3*(!(/*!A(%%8-("/,!/&'$!'(%!'(,$&.0!<!-"&!*%%!'("'!*$#%!",%!*("7%&!64!(/*!"==%","&-%2!(";/&.!8"*'!*%%&!(/#!'(/,'4!4%",*!".$2!,$63*'!"&)!/#=$*/&.0!Z$*'!(";%!B$&)!#%#$,/%*!"&)!",%!>3*'!("==4!'$!*%%!(/#0!

<!8%";%!(/#!A/'(!"!.,$3=!$B!B,/%&)*!A(/8%!<!*%%7!$3'!#4!*/*'%,0!

9E,%! A%! $7"4C+! *(%! *"4*0! <! &$)! "&)! =$/&'! $3'! '($*%! ."'(%,%)! ",$3&)! '(%!A(%%8-("/,0!

D(%!8"3.(*0!9W$$7!"'!'(%!$8)!63..%,0!<!'(/&7!(%+*!,%"884!%&>$4/&.!(/#*%8B0+!


!MY MOTHER DIED! $&! ]^! E=,/8! _`]`2! ".%)! &/&%'45$&%2! (%,! 6$)4! "&)! #/&)!,";".%)0!D(%!A%/.(%)!a`!7/8$.,"#*0!?;%&!(%,!&"==4!A$38)&+'!B/'!(%,0!

D(%!A"&'%)!'$!)/%0!@%!A"&'%)!(%,!'$!)/%0!U$,!"!4%",!$,!*$!6%B$,%!'(%!)%#%&'/"!'$$7!"A"4!(%,!3&)%,*'"&)/&.2!*(%!A$38)!=$/&'!$3'!B,"/8!"&)!)/#/&/*(%)!="'/%&'*!/&!'(%!&3,*/&.!($#%0!9N$&+'!4$3!%;%,!8%'!#%!.%'!8/7%!'("'2+!*(%!A$38)!*"4L!63'!A%!)/)2!A"'-(/&.!(%,!)%'%,/$,"'%!A/'($3'!)/.&/'42!A/'($3'!($=%0!

Z4!B"'(%,!A$38)!A"87!'(%!-$,,/)$,!$B!'(%!&3,*/&.!($#%2!B,$#!(/*!,$$#!'$!(%,*2!"&)!*/'!64!(%,!6%)*/)%!B$,!#$*'!$B!'(%!)"40!1%!A$38)!8$$7!"'!(%,2!'3'5'3'!"&)!*("7%!(/*!(%")!,3%B38840!D$#%($A!'("'!*"/)!/'!"882!"!=$/.&"&'!*3##"'/$&!$B!(%,!-$&)/'/$&0!

<+)!&%;%,!=8"&&%)!"!B3&%,"8!6%B$,%!"&)!'(%!=,$*=%-'!B/88%)!#%!A/'(!),%")2!63'!#4!*/*'%,!"&)!<!&%.$'/"'%)!'(%!",-"&%!,/'3"8*2!7&$A/&.!'("'!-%,'"/&!'(/&.*!&%%)%)!'$!6%!)$&%0!@%!#%'!A/'(!'(%!3&)%,'"7%,!V!$,!6%,%";%#%&'!-$&*38'"&'2!"*!'(%4!&$A!=,%B%,!'$!6%!-"88%)!V!"&)!;/%A%)!$3,!#$'(%,+*!A"J%&!-$,=*%2!-$/BB%)!"&)!'/)/%)!/&!"!*"'/&58/&%)!-$BB/&0!<!7/**%)!#4!#$'(%,+*!-$8)!B$,%(%")!"&)!(%8)!#4!*/*'%,+*!("&)0!

<&!'(%!B3&%,"8!($#%+*!-$3,'4",)!"B'%,A",)*!#4!*/*'%,!*($$7!(%,!(%")!"&.,/84!"&)!*"/)!'(,$3.(!'%",*2!9@("'!'(%!B3-7!/*!/'!"88!"6$3'C!<!#%"&2!/*!'("'!/'C+!

!WE WHEEL MY! B"'(%,! /&'$! '(%!-("=%8!"&)! /##%)/"'%84!(%! /*! ',"&*B/J%)!64!#4!#$'(%,+*! =($'$.,"=(! $&! '(%! /&-$&.,3$3*! =8"*#"! M:! *-,%%&! 8$$#/&.! "6$;%! '(%!8%-'%,&0!1%!/.&$,%*!'(%!A(/'%!-$BB/&!-$;%,%)!/&!-,%"#!,$*%*!$&!'(%!-3,'"/&%)!*'".%0!D$#%$&%!-3%*!'(%!#3*/-!"&)!'(%!/#".%*!$&!'(%!*-,%%&!*(3BB8%!'(,$3.(!"&!$,."&/*%)!*%F3%&-%I!#4!#$'(%,!"*!"!*%=/"!*-($$8-(/8)2!6"7/&.!"!-"7%L!"!=$,',"/'!"'!'A%&'45$&%2!)3,/&.!'(%!A",L!"!=($'$.,"=(!$B!(%,!"&)!#4!B"'(%,!$&!"!A/&)*A%='!6%"-(0!

9@($+*!'("'!("&)*$#%!68$7%C+!<!A(/*=%,2!"&)!(%!8$$7*!"'!#%2!-$&B3*%)0!9<'+*!4$32+!<!*"42!9$&!'(%!6%"-(!"'!K$&&4!1/88*0+!1%!*("7%*!(/*!(%")2!B"/8/&.!%;%&!'$!,%-$.&/*%!(/*!$A&!/#".%0!

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

EB'%,! "! A(/8%! '(%! ,$$#! *'/88*! "&)! '(%! *',"/&*! $B! 9\%,3*"8%#+! B/88! '(%! -("=%80! M(%!-%8%6,"&'!*=%"7*!$B!"!A$#"&!*(%!&%;%,!7&%A0!

D$$&!/'!/*!#4!'3,&!'$!*=%"70!<!#$3&'!'(%!*'".%2!.,"*=!'(%!#/-,$=($&%!A/'(!$&%!("&)!"&)!*(3BB8%!#4!&$'%*!A/'(!'(%!$'(%,0!<!8$$7!3=!"&)!*-"&!'(%!%J=%-'"&'2!("8B5


%#='4!,$$#0!Z4!B"'(%,!,%.",)*!#%!/&'%&'842!63'!"*!<!-"'-(!(/*!."G%!<!(";%!'$!8$$7!"A"40!<+#!6",%84!#"/&'"/&/&.!#4!-$#=$*3,%2!"&)!<!7&$A!'("'!8$$7/&.!B$,!'$$!8$&.!"'!(/*!/&&$-%&'!"&)!-$&B3*%)!B"-%!A/88!'/=!#%!$;%,!'(%!%).%0!

9Z4!#$'(%,!A"*!6$,&!/&!"!*#"88!;/88".%!/&!,3,"8!?**%J!/&!]b]bc+!

Z4! ;$/-%! *%%#*! $))84! )/*'"&'2! 63'! /'+*! *',$&.! "&)! <! =,%**! $&2! ',4/&.! '$! ";$/)!'(/&7/&.!"6$3'!A("'!<!"#!*"4/&.2!',4/&.!'$!%,%-'!"!6",,/%,!6%'A%%&!#4!A$,)*!"&)!#4!.,/%B0! <! '"87!$B!#4!#$'(%,+*!(",*(!3=6,/&./&.2!$B!A",'/#%!?&.8"&)!"&)!$B!'(%!$==$,'3&/'/%*!'("'!%83)%)!4$3&.!A$#%&!8/7%!(%,!)3,/&.!'($*%!'3#38'3$3*!'/#%*0!<!,%-"88! $3,! -(/8)($$)2! $3,! %*-"=%! B,$#! ),"6! =$*'A",! ?&.8"&)! "&)! '(%! ;$4".%! '$!E3*',"8/"0!

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d<'+*!&$'!>3*'!"&46$)4!A($!.%'*!/&;/'%)!'$!'(%!-"='"/&+*!'"68%2e!*(%!A$38)!*"40+!

E&)!'(%&!<!"#!B/&/*(%)0!<!-($7%!$&!#4!8"*'!A$,)*0!

9D"B%!>$3,&%42!#4!8$;%0+!

<!8$$7!'$A",)!#4!B"'(%,0!<!,%"8/*%!'("'!<!"#!8$$7/&.!B$,!-$#B$,'2!B$,!"!*/.&!$B!(/*!"==,$;"80!<!"#!'A%8;%!"."/&0!

Z4!&%=(%A2!"!#"&56$42!*=%"7*!&%J'!$B!(/*!.,"&)#$'(%,2!63'!(%!/*!$;%,-$#%!64!*")&%**!"&)!B/&/*(%*!(/*!-(/8)($$)!,%-$88%-'/$&*!6",%84!"68%!'$!*=%"72! '%",*!,$88/&.!)$A&!(/*!B"-%0!

Z4!*/*'%,!'$$!B/.('*!6"-7!'%",*2!63'!*'/BB%&*!"&)!)%8/;%,*!(%,!%38$.40!D(%!'"87*!$B!'(%!8$;%!6%'A%%&!"!#$'(%,!"&)!"!)"3.('%,2!"&)!<!,%"8/*%!/'!/*!"!8$;%!"!#"&!A/88!&%;%,!B3884!3&)%,*'"&)0!1%,!A$,)*!("&.!/&!'(%!"/,!"*!*(%!)%*-%&)*!'(%!*'".%!"&)!'"7%*!(%,!*%"'0!<!),"A!(%,!-8$*%!'$!#%!"*!*(%!-",%B3884!68$'*!(%,!'%",*0!

M(%!-%8%6,"&'!"*7*!3*!"88!'$!*'"&)2!63'!/&)/-"'%*!'("'!#4!B"'(%,!*($38)!*'"4!*%"'%)!/&!(/*!A(%%8-("/,0!1%+*!(";/&.!&$&%!$B!/'2!"&)!"''%#='*!'$!.%'!'$!(/*!B%%'0!M(%,%+*!"!#$#%&'!$B!="&/-!"*!(/*!-("/,!*'",'*!'$!#$;%!B,$#!3&)%,!(/#!63'!<!,3*(!'$!'(%!"/*8%2!($$7!#4!",#!3&)%,!(/*!",#=/'!"&)!),".!(/#!3=,/.('0!1%!($8)*!#4!",#!'/.('842!*'"&)*!,"#,$)!*',"/.('0!

Z4!#$'(%,+*!-$BB/&!/*!'(%"',/-"884!,%',/%;%)!64!"&!/&;/*/68%!#%-("&/*#!"&)2!"*!'(%!-3,'"/&*! -8$*%! ",$3&)! (%,2! '(%! #3*/-! 6%./&*! "."/&0! M(/*! '/#%! /'+*! "&$'(%,! $B! #4!#$'(%,+*!B";$3,/'%*2!"&!/&*',3#%&'"8!;%,*/$&!$B![*"8#!_a0!


@(%&!A%!A%,%!-(/8),%&2!$3,!($3*%!A"*!"8A"4*!B/88%)!A/'(!*$&.0!K$'(!#4!#$'(%,!"&)!B"'(%,!(")!.$$)!;$/-%*2!63'!#4!B"'(%,+*!)%%=!6",/'$&%!A"*!"!-3'!"6$;%0!<&!(/*!4$3&.%,!)"4*!(%!(")!6%%&!"*7%)!'$!*/&.!=,$B%**/$&"8842!63'!(%! 8"-7%)!-$&B/)%&-%!"&)! *%8B5)%=,%-"'/&.84! )/*#/**%)! '(%*%! "==,$"-(%*0! ?;%&! &$A2! /&! '(%! &3,*/&.!($#%+*!-($/,!"&)!#3*/-!'(%,"=4!-8"**%*2!(/*!;$/-%!-"&!'3,&!(%")*0!

1%!*'",'*!'$!*/&.2!F3/%'84!"'!B/,*'2!'(%&!,/*/&.!'$!"!,/-(2!*$&$,$3*!-("&'0!9M(%!W$,)+*!#4!*(%=(%,)2!<!*("88!&$'!A"&'c+!

1%!/*!A$,)5=%,B%-'2!'(%!"=("*/"!"&)!)%#%&'/"!'%#=$,",/84!6"&/*(%)0!K%(/&)!(/#2!'(%! -$&.,%."'%)! ",%! "'! B/,*'! 3&"A",%! $B! '(%! *$3,-%! $B! '(%! */&./&.2! 63'! A(%&! /'!6%-$#%*!$6;/$3*!'("'!/'+*!#4!B"'(%,+*!;$/-%!A$#%&!A%%=!F3/%'84!"&)!#%&!-8%",!'(%/,!'(,$"'*!"&)!8$$7!"'!'(%!B8$$,0!1%!8%"&*!$&!#%!"&)!<!($8)!(/#!'/.('2!B%%8/&.!(/*!;$/-%!,%*$&"'%!"&)!,3#68%!'(,$3.(!(/*!B,"./8%!B,"#%2!*%%=/&.!/&'$!#%2!#"7/&.!3*!$&%0!

<'!/*!/&!'(/*!#$#%&'!'("'!<!,%"8/*%!<!"#!-8$*%,!'$!(/#!&$A!'("&!<!(";%!%;%,!6%%&0!<'!/*!"&!/#=%,B%-'!-8$*%&%**2!'%#=%,%)!64!.3/8'!"&)!8$*'!$==$,'3&/'/%*2!"&)!-$&B3*%)!64!'(%!3&%J=8"/&%)L!63'!/'!/*!-8$*%&%**!"88!'(%!*"#%0!<!7&$A!&$A!'("'!'(%,%!/*!&$!&%%)!B$,!B$,./;%&%**2!$&84!B$,!3&)%,*'"&)/&.0!@("'%;%,!$,!A($%;%,!#")%!(/#!'(%!#"&!(%!/*!"8*$!#")%!#%0!1%!/*!#4!B"'(%,0!<!"#!(/*!*$&0!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Brian Geach’s writing has been published in many newspapers and journals, including The Australian and the New York Review of Books. Based in Sydney, he is an internationally awarded photographer. He gained a master’s in writing from James Cook University in 2010 and is working on a memoir about his relationship with his father.


POEM

Hospice Laura Jan Shore

!"#$%&'&($)*(&$"+$),&$-./0$12#3,)$4*),*%$),&$+(25&$2%6$-2-,0$-7#%$-#32(0$/"#($)"%3#&$12%$285"-)$)2-)&$9&+"(&$*)$5&8)-$242/:$

!"#$92-.$*%$9(#-,-)(".&-$5*8./$98#&0$4,&(&$4,*)&$+*(&$1"%3&28-$*%)"$-,233/$9#++28"$2%6$-42%-:$

;"(%*%3-$2(&$728&$)"$52)1,$),&$)*%)$"+$),&-&$+"#($4288-$2%6$/"#$*523*%&$/"#<(&$2+8"2)$*%$2$9&6(""5$9#*8)$"+$-./:$

=&$4,&&8$/"#$),("#3,$+8"(28$32(6&%-0$9#)$/"#($125&(2<-$7"*%)&6$#7:$!"#($289#5$288$98#&$2%6$4,*)&:$

=,&%$8*3,)%*%3$(#7)#(&-$521.&(&8$-./$/"#$12%$%")$)#(%$242/$9#)$42)1,$2-$-7&2(-$"+$4&)$382%1&$"++$),&$382--:$

!"#$78#%3&$4*),$),&5$)"$7&(5&2)&$82/&($9/$82/&(0$),&$62(.:$

>*-*)"(-$12((/$),&$4*%6$42+)*%3$"#)$"+$7"1.&)-:$?,&/$2(&$2$@#598&$"+$1"8"#($2%6$1,2))&(:$A#)$/"#($&/&-$-8*6&$)"$),&$1(*57&6$-)(*2)*"%-$"+$3(&/:$

B%$),&$5*(("(&6$9821.0$)"%*3,)0$8*&$2$+&4$7(*1.-$"+$8*3,)$2%6$),&$),*%$5""%$"+$/"#($7*88"4&6$1,&&.$4&88-$#742(6:$

$

Laura Jan Shore’s second collection of poems, Water over Stone, won the IP Picks Best Poetry Award in 2011 and will be published by IP Press in November. Her first collection was Breathworks (Dangerously Poetic Press, 2002).

LAURA JAN SHORE: Hospice 177

MEMOIR

Family Looking forward, looking back

John Tranter

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

@*,&*(% "% &'(.-$.% 1$"-0% ,&$% )*##*2(0% 26% !2#$7'#$0% ,&",% !"?$% ';% ,&*0% #*/$#13%7&$$-6'#3%(2*01%7-$",'-$%4*##%.*0;$-0$%"(.%($/$-% -$"00$!)#$%"+"*(A% $B7$;,% 62-% ,&",%,*(1%6-"7,*2(%,&",%!"1%$(.%';%*(%"(2,&$-%&'!"(80%+$($,*7%!"?$5';%,2%,-"/$#%.24(%,&$%7$(,'-*$03%!*B*(+%4*,&%2,&$-%+$($,*7%!",$-*"#%"(.%*(7"-(",*(+%"+"*(%"(.%"+"*(9%%

:&$%($$.%,2%!",$%"(.%;-2.'7$%7&*#.-$(%*0%&"-.54*-$.%*(%'03%#*?$%,&$%($$.%,2%$",%"(.%.-*(?9%@*,&2',%,&",%;$-!"($(,%'(*/$-0"#%*(0,*(7,%,&$%&'!"(%-"7$%42'#.%&"/$%)$72!$%$B,*(7,%)$62-$%*,%&".%)$72!$%&'!"(9%%

C'!"(%*(6"(,03%'(#*?$%,&$%12'(+%26%!20,%2,&$-%"(*!"#03%"-$%/'#($-")#$%62-%!"(1%1$"-0%"6,$-% ,&$1%"-$%)2-(9%:&$% 6'(7,*2(%26% ,&$% 6"!*#1% *0% ,2%;-2,$7,%"(.%('-,'-$%7&*#.-$(%,&-2'+&%,&",%;$-*2.9%D"!*#1%*0%2#.$-%,&"(%&'!"(*,13%"(.%&"0%(2,&*(+%,2%.2%4*,&%"(1%;"-,*7'#"-%027*$,13%7'#,'-$%2-%-$#*+*2(9%%

:&$%0$;"-",$%"(.%/$-1%.*66$-$(,%*(0,*(7,0%,2%!",$%"(.%,2%('-,'-$%7&*#.-$(%"-$%)2,&%$00$(,*"#% 62-% ,&$% 0'-/*/"#% 26% ,&$% &'!"(% -"7$9% =,% 0$$!0% ,2% !$% ,&",% ,&$-$% *0% (2%;&*#202;&*7"#3%027*"#%2-%!2-"#%!$"(*(+%E%2-%"(1%-$"#%;'-;20$%E%)$&*(.%,&*09%=,80%F'0,%,&",%4*,&2',%,&*0%72!;#*7",$.%!*B%26%*(0,*(7,0%"(.%027*"#%0,-'7,'-$03%,&$-$%42'#.(8,%)$%"(1)2.1%&$-$%,2%,"#?%")2',%*,9%%

=(%!20,%027*$,*$0%,&$%*(0,*(7,%,2%!",$%"(.%,&'0%,2%)-$$.%-$0'#,0%*(%0$B'"#%.$0*-$3%#2/$%"(.%)2(.*(+3%4&*7&% -$0'#,0% *(% 6"!*#13%"(.% 6"!*#1%$/$(,'"##1%!"?$0%;200*)#$%4&",%4$% 7"##% 7*/*#*0",*2(9% =(%!"#"$"%&'"()* &)+* "',*-",.()'/)',% GHIJHK% D-$'.% 0"10% ,&",%7*/*#*0",*2(%*0%L"%;-27$00%*(%,&$%0$-/*7$%26%M-203%4&20$%;'-;20$%*0%,2%72!)*($%0*(+#$%


&'!"(%*(.*/*.'"#03%"(.%"6,$-%,&",%6"!*#*$03%,&$(%-"7$03%;$2;#$0%"(.%(",*2(03%*(,2%2($%+-$",%'(*,13% ,&$%'(*,1%26%!"(?*(.9%@&1%,&*0%&"0%,2%&";;$(3%4$%.2%(2,%?(24N%,&$%42-?%26%M-20%*0%;-$7*0$#1%,&*098%%

O",*2(03%1$0N%)',%0".#1%,&$%'(*,1%26%!"(?*(.%-$!"*(0%"(%*##'02-1%&2;$9%%

%THEORY IS FINE3% )',% 4&",% 4$% ,&*(?% ")2',% 6"!*#1% *0% 72(.*,*2($.% )1% 2'-%$B;$-*$(7$0%+-24*(+%';%4*,&*(%2'-%24(% 6"!*#*$09%P1% 6",&$-3% D-$.$-*7?3%&"0%)$$(%.$".%62-%!20,%26%!1%#*6$9%=%0,*##%.-$"!%")2',%&*!3%6-2!%,*!$%,2%,*!$3%)',%#$00%(24%,&",%=%&"/$%)$72!$%2#.$-%,&"(%&$%$/$-%+2,%,2%)$A%&$%.*$.%",%62-,15$*+&,9%%

C$%4"0%)2-(%*(%Q1#0,2($3%*(%72'(,-1%O$4%R2',&%@"#$03%*(%HIHS3%,&$%12'(+$0,%26%6*/$%7&*#.-$(%T%,&-$$%2,&$-%)210%"(.%"%+*-#9%C*0%6",&$-%4"0%"%4&$",%6"-!$-3%"(.%4&$(%!1%6",&$-%4"0%"%)")1%&*0%;"-$(,0%+"/$%&*!%"4"1%,2%&*0%"'(,%T%&*0%6",&$-80%0*0,$-%T%,2%)-*(+%';3%*(%P2-'1"3%"%72"0,"#%."*-1*(+%,24(%,&-$$%&'(.-$.%!*#$0%"4"19%U'(,%M!%4"0%7&*#.#$00N%0&$%4"0%"%($-/2'03%"(B*2'0%42!"(9%%

P1%6",&$-%&"-.#1%$/$-%0"4%&*0%-$"#%;"-$(,09%V$2;#$%.*.(8,%,-"/$#%"0%!'7&%,&$(3%"(.%,&$%&*+&4"10%4$-$%!20,#1%72--'+",$.%.*-,%-2".03%.'0,1%*(%,&$%&$",%"(.%!'..1%*(%,&$%-"*(9%=(%,&$%HIWX0%&*0%;"-$(,0%!"1%&"/$%&".%"%,-"7,2-3%2-%;$-&";0%"%,-'7?%,2%&$#;%4*,&%,&$%6"-!*(+3%)',%=%.2'),%,&$1%&".%"%7"-%,2%.-*/$%")2',%*(9%%

U(.%"6,$-%"##3%,&$1%&"-.#1%?($4%,&$%)219%%

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

P1% 6",&$-% !"--*$.% &$-9% R22(% &$% 4"0% ,-"(06$--$.% ,2% "% 2($5,$"7&$-% 07&22#% ",%>-$.)23%"%,*(1%&"!#$,%2(%,&$%R2',&$-(%C*+&#"(.03%4&$-$%=%4"0%)2-(9%%

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

JOHN TRANTER: Family 179

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

=%7"!$%,2%-$"#*0$%,&",%&$%4"(,$.%,2%0&24%&*0%6",&$-%T%&*0%.*0,"(,%6",&$-3%,&$%6",&$-%&$%#2/$.%)',%&"-.#1%?($43%4&2%&".%")"(.2($.%&*!%T%,&",%&$%&".%.2($%4$##%",%#"0,3%,&",%&$%&".%#$"-($.%"+-*7'#,'-$3%;"00$.%&*0%$B"!0%"(.%!".$%+22.%"0%"%6"-!$-3%F'0,%#*?$%&*!9%C$%4"0%42-,&1%26%)$*(+%#2/$.9%@&$(%&$%4"0%")2',%62-,1%1$"-0%2#.%"(.%)'0*($00%4"0%+2*(+%4$##%&$%,22?%"%)-$",&$-3%"(.%*(/*,$.%&*0%;"-$(,0%T%&*0%-$"#%;"-$(,0%T%,2%/*0*,9%%

C24% #2(+% .*.% *,% ,"?$% ,&$!% ,2% ,-"/$#% ,&$% ,&-$$% &'(.-$.% !*#$0% 6-2!%Q1#0,2($]%U%72';#$%26%."103%;$-&";03%2/$-%,&$%!2'(,"*(03% ,&-2'+&%,&$%0*#$(,%$!;,1%)'0&9%=%.*!#1%-$!$!)$-%,&$!%"0%"%;"*-%26%0&1%0,-"(+$-0%T%,&$%!"(%,"##%"(.% ,&*(% "(.% +-$13% ,&$% 42!"(% ;#'!;% "(.% +-$1% T% 4*,&% (2,&*(+% !'7&%%,2%0"19%%

=(%!1%!$!2-1%=%&"/$%"%;*7,'-$%26%,&$%,42%!$(3%!1%6",&$-%"(.%!1%+-"(.6",&$-3%#$"(*(+%2(%2'-%6-2(,%+",$3%0,"-*(+%",%,&$%#"(.07";$9%:&$%&*##0%,&$-$%"-$%72/$-$.%4*,&%,&*7?% $'7"#1;,% 62-$0,N% ,&$% )'0&% 0,-$,7&$0% ,2% ,&$% 4$0,3% /*-,'"##1% '(*(&")*,$.3% 62-%&'(.-$.0%26%!*#$09%U%#$".$(%-*/$-%7-"4#0%"#2(+%,&$%/"##$1%6#22-%6"-%)$#249%:&$%0?1%*0%"%&"-.%)#'$9%:&$%0'(%)'-(0%.24(9%=(%,&*0%!$!2-1%;*7,'-$%,&$1%"-$%F'0,%0,"-*(+3%(2,%0"1*(+%"(1,&*(+9%%

@&",%*0%,&$-$%,2%0"1]%%

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


U,%#$"0,3%,&*0%*0%4&",%0&$%,2#.%!$3%"(.%0&$%,2#.%!$%"0%#*,,#$%"0%;200*)#$9%R&$%4"0%4&",%12'%!*+&,%7"##%"% #245.*07#20$-9% =%($/$-% ,&2'+&,%26%!1%!2,&$-%"0%"% #*"-3% )',%4&",%0&$%,2#.%!$%4"0%'(,-'$9%%

P"(1%1$"-0%"6,$-%0&$%.*$.%*(%&$-%$*+&,*$03% =%.*072/$-$.%,&",% *,%4"0%(2,%&$-%6*-0,%&'0)"(.%4&2%&".%#$6,%&$-N%0&$%#$6,%&*!9%R&$%4$(,%&2!$%,2%,&$%72'(,-13%,"?*(+%,&$%7&*#.-$(3%"(.%,&$1%#*/$.%*(%&$-%;"-$(,08%&2'0$9%R&$%62'(.%"%F2)%"0%"%,$#$;&2(*0,%"(.%,&$1%02!$&24%0'-/*/$.3%;"-,#1%2(%&$-%0"#"-1%"(.%;"-,#1%2(%,&$%7&"-*,1%26%&$-%6"!*#19%%

C$-%&'0)"(.%/*0*,$.%,&$!%",%2($%;2*(,3%)',%.*.(8,%0,"1%#2(+3%"(.%#$6,9%=%42(.$-%4&",%&$%0"*.%,2%&$-9%:&",%&$%4"0%02--1%62-%&*0%.-*(?*(+3%=%0';;20$9%U(.%,&$%7&*#.-$(%T%&24%72'#.%&$%$B;#"*(%,2%,&$!%&24%2-%4&1%&*0%#*6$3%"(.%,&$*-%#*/$0%,223%&".%6"##$(%,2%;*$7$0%*(%&*0%&"(.0]%=%0$$%&*!%+$,,*(+%2(%,&$%)'0%)"7?%,2%R1.($13%"%)",,$-$.%0'*,7"0$%*(%2($%&"(.3%&*0% ,*7?$,% *(% ,&$%2,&$-3%)#*(?*(+% *(% ,&$%$"-#1%!2-(*(+%0'(3%&'(+2/$-%"+"*(9%%

:&$(%&$%.*0";;$"-03%62-$/$-9%%

%I DREAM A%#2,%")2',%#*,,#$%7&*#.-$(9%:&$1%";;$"-%2',%26%,&$%."-?3%"(.%,&$1%0!*#$%",%!$3%,&",%0!*#$%26%;'-$%$B&*#"-",*2(%,&",%2(#1%)")*$0%&"/$3%"(.%,&$1%&'+%!$%"-2'(.%,&$%($7?9%=%($$.%,2%;-2,$7,%,&$!3%,2%!"?$%0'-$%,&$18-$%0"6$%"(.%4$##9%%

=8!%&"#6% "4"?$9% D-2!% ,&$% ?*,7&$(% =% 7"(% &$"-% 02'(.0% 26%!1%!2,&$-% ;-$;"-*(+%)-$"?6"0,9% R2!$&24% =8!% "% 12'(+%)21% "+"*(3% ",% &2!$3% *(%!1%)$.9% :&$% 0'(80% F'0,%72!*(+%';3%0&*(*(+%,&-2'+&%,&$%7'-,"*(9%^',0*.$3%*(%,&$%/"##$10%26%.$$;%)'0&3%;"--2,0%"-$%7"##*(+%,2%$"7&%2,&$-9%M/$-1,&*(+%*0%"##%-*+&,N%$/$-12($%*0%"#*/$9%%

@&$(%=%4"?$%';%,&$%7&*#.-$(%"-$%+2($9%=% ,&*(?%")2',%.*0,"(7$3%")2',%)$*(+%6"-%6-2!%&2!$3%")2',%4"(,*(+%,2%#$"/$%"(.%4"(,*(+%,2%-$,'-(3%,&",%$B&"'0,*(+%"7,*2(%4$%7"##%,-"/$#3%2-%6#*+&,3%2-%$07";$3%2-%"./$(,'-$3%2-%&2!$72!*(+9%=%0$$%"%)21%+-24%*(,2%"%!"(9%=%0$$%!10$#6%6".*(+%)"7?%*(,2%,&$%;"0,3%"%2(7$56"!*#*"-%72'(,-1%,&",%&"0%+-24(%0,-"(+$%"(.%.*0,"(,3%,&",%&"0%02!$&24%)$$(%2)#*,$-",$.9%:&$%6"-!%*0%(2,%,&$-$%"(1%!2-$9%P1%;"-$(,0%&"/$%)$$(%.$".%62-%.$7".$09%:&$%&2'0$%*0%$!;,19%

This piece was commissioned by the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth, and the Perth International Arts Festival as a catalogue essay accompanying the exhibition Raised by Wolves.

John Tranter has published more than twenty books of verse. His collection of new and selected poems, Urban Myths: 210 Poems (UQP), won the 2006 Victorian Premier’s award for poetry, the 2007 New South Wales Premier’s award for poetry, and the 2008 South Australian Premier’s awards for poetry and best book. His latest work is Starlight: 150 Poems (UQP, 2010). He is the founding editor of the free internet magazine Jacket (jacketmagazine.com) and the founder of the Australian Poetry Library project (poetrylibrary.edu.au). johntranter.com

JOHN TRANTER: Family 181

MEMOIR

Waking up Counting my blessings

Toni Jordan

‘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

I=*!%/"%!#-:/%1!8$,,$62!=!*"(<!D$$!/'&!A(!A'4%/!A'9$*1!$9$.!%/'4:/!%/$!B$*%!)"#%!'+!A(!B#"-.!-*!*%-,,!"*,$$)6!!

IJ$*<2!D/$!-*!+4,,!'+!C'.+-0$.C$1!"*!",&"(*<!D/$!#'C7*!B"C7&"#0*!".0!+'#&"#0*!'.!/$#!B"#$!+$$%<!=!&'.0$#!-+!=!C".!%$A)%!/$#!-.%'!B$0!&-%/!A$1!+'#!"!C400,$!%/"%!A"(!E4*%!%4#.!-.%'!"!K4-C7!.")<!I5/$#$2*!+"*%!&"7$#*!".0!*,'&!&"7$#*12!*/$!*"(*<! I=2A!"!+"*%!&"7$#<!D'2*!L4AA(!".0!M"00(<!N-,,!-*!"!*,'&!&"7$#<!O-7$!('4<2!

IP/;/4/12!=!*"(!-.%'!%/$!)-,,'&<!!

I34.%(!5'.$12!*/$!*"(*<!IN/$.!"#$!('4!:'-.:!%'!&"7$!4)62!

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


\'&!",,!=!/"9$!%'!0'!-.!%/$!A'#.-.:!-*!,''7!"+%$#!A(*$,+1!".0!+$$0!%/$!0':<!=!0'.2%!$9$.!/"9$!%'!A"7$!B#$"7+"*%!-+!=!0'.2%!&".%!%'<!(%)'"!%*+%+*!%!,-!%.+%,++/%'0.!#1%

\'!'.$!0-*%4#B*!A(!*,$$)<!D,$$)!-*!A(!],(A)-C!$9$.%<!N/$.!.'%!B"B(*-%%-.:1!=!+",,!K4-C7,(!".0!&"7$!",A'*%!)#$C-*$,(!$-:/%!/'4#*!,"%$#1!/$"0!'.!%/$!*"A$!*)'%!'.!%/$!)-,,'&1!C4#,$0!%'!%/$!#-:/%!-.!%/$!*"A$!)'*-%-'.<!N/$.!=!&"7$1!(%)'"!%*+%+*!%!,-!%.+%,++/%'0.!#<!\'!'.$!$,*$!%'!0#$**1!'#!+$$0!X"*-0$!+#'A!%/$!0':Y1!'#!:$%!'++!%'!*C/'',<!=.!%/$!A'#.-.:*1!-%2*!",,!A$1!A$1!A$<!3.0!*%-,,!=!C".!B"#$,(!A".":$<!2)!*%'3%(%4+5*4%.+%6'/!%789%

%I’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

=29$!B$$.!"*7$0! IN/(!.'%62! -.! ,-B#"#-$*!".0!"%!0-..$#!)"#%-$*1!B(!*%#".:$#*!".0!C"*4",!"CK4"-.%".C$*!".0!%/$!)"#%.$#*!'+!)$'),$!=!B"#$,(!7.'&<!].C$!=!&"*!"*7$0!IN/(!.'%62!B(!"!*",$*!"**-*%".%!=!&"*!-0,(!C/"%%-.:!%'!&/-,$!%#(-.:!'.!&-.%$#!C'"%*<!W'#!%/$!,-+$!'+!A$1!=!0'!.'%!7.'&!&/"%!%'!*"(1!*'!-.9"#-"B,(!=!*%".01!A'4%/!')$.1!&/-,$!%/$(!*A-,$!)',-%$,(!B"C7!"%!A$!&-%/!%/$-#!$($B#'&*!#"-*$0!K4-^^-C",,(1!,-7$!%/$(!&$#$!"*7-.:!-+!=!7.$&!%/$!&"(!%'!%/$!,''<!

D'A$%-A$*1!-+!-%2*!B$$.!"!,'.:!0"(!".0!=2A!%-#$01!=2A!%$A)%$0!%'!B$!%$#*$<!I=+!=!7.$&!('4!&$#$!*'!-.%$#$*%$0!-.!A(!'9"#-$*!=20!/"9$!B#'4:/%!A(!:(."$C',':-*%12!*)#-.:*!%'!A-.01!B4%!=29$!.$9$#!*"-0!-%<!]%/$#!%-A$*1!=!%/-.7!=!*/'4,0!B$!+,-))".%<!ID$U!-*!":"-.*%!A(!#$,-:-'.12!&'4,0!B$!'7"(!"%!"!)-.C/<!]#S!I=+!=!&"-%!"!,-%%,$!B-%!,'.:$#1!=2,,!B$!"B,$!%'!C,'.$!A(*$,+<2!]#S!I=2A!.'%!*4#$<!=!,'9$!7-0*1!B4%!=!C'4,0.2%!$"%!"!&/',$!'.$26!I=!&'4,01!B4%!=!C".2%!:$%!$.'4:/!'+!%/"%!B"C7;0''#!,'9-.:26!

!THE PEOPLE WHO!"*7!A$!&/(!=!0'.2%!/"9$!C/-,0#$.!0'.2%!A$".!".(!/"#A1!($%!-%!*%"::$#*! A$<! =%! A"7$*! A$! +$$,! ,-7$! =29$! B$$.! *,"))$01! $9$#(! %-A$1! B4%! -%2*! 0'.$!&-%/'4%!".(!A",-C$!_!-%!E4*%!)'-.%*!'4%!%/"%!A(!)'*-%-'.!'+!A"##-$0!C/-,0,$**.$**!-*!C'.*-0$#$0!".!'00-%(<!!

=+! %/$(! +',,'&!4)! %/$! K4$*%-'.!&-%/! "! *A4:! IN$,,1! ('429$! *%-,,! :'%! %-A$12!&$,,1!%/"%2*!&/$.!=!+$$,!%'%",,(!$.#":$0<!300-.:!*%4)-0-%(!%'!-.*$.*-%-9-%(!-*!"!B#-0:$!%''!+"#!_!"#$!%/$(!B,-.06!]#!E4*%!-.C#$0-B,(!"##':".%6!M'!%/$(!%/-.7!%/-*!*%"%$!%/$(!/"9$1!%/-*!C/-,0$0!)-$C$!'+!/$"9$.1!-*!&'#%/!A$!0#"::-.:!A(!A-00,$;":$0!B'0(!%/#'4:/!*'A$!7-.0!'+!*C-$.%-+-C!'#!*'C-",!$U)$#-A$.%6!8$C"4*$!C,$"#,(1!%'!%/$A1!A(!,-+$!"*!-%!*-%*!.'&!C".2%! B$! &'#%/! ,-9-.:<! =! */'4,0! B$! )#$)"#$0! %'! )"(! ".(%/-.:1! #-*7! ".(%/-.:1! %'!

TONI JORDAN: Waking up 183

"C/-$9$!&/"%! %/$(!/"9$<!L(! %$$.*!".0! %&$.%-$*!".0! %/-#%-$*!_! %/$(!&$#$!&"*%$01!#$",,(<!5/$!%/$.;A$!&"*!E4*%!*$"%!&"#A-.:!+'#!%/$!+4%4#$;A$1!%/$!A'%/$#;A$1!+'#!%/-*!#',$!=!&"*!0$*%-.$0!%'!),"(1!+'#!%/-*!'.,(!#$",!C'.%#-B4%-'.!%'!%/$!&'#,0!%/"%!=!C'4,0!)'**-B,(!A"7$<!

!SOMETIMES I THINK!8$,,"!-*!#-:/%<!5/$!&'#,0!-*!0-9-0$0!-.%'!%&'!%()$*!'+!)$'),$<!\'%!%/'*$!&/'!B$,-$9$!%/"%!%/$!&'#,0!C".!B$!0-9-0$0!-.%'!%&'!%()$*!'+!)$'),$1!".0!%/'*$!&/'!0'!.'%<!`$'),$!&/'!/"9$!C/-,0#$.1!".0!%/'*$!&/'!0'!.'%<!

3%!.''.!'.$!D4.0"(!=!&"*!-.!8"#7,$(!D%#$$%1!&"-%-.:!+'#!%/$!B4*!"+%$#!A(!(':"!C,"**<! ].! D4.0"(*1! .''.! -*! $"#,(! -.! D%! a-,0"<! `$'),$! "#$! *%-,,! &'BB,-.:! +#'A!.-:/%C,4B*1! */'$*! -.!/".0<! =%!&"*!"4%4A.1!*'! %/$! ,-:/%!&"*! +$$B,$1!&/-C/!A"0$! -%!*$$A!$9$.!$"#,-$#<!3+%$#!(':"1! =! *%".0!*%#"-:/%!".0! %/-.7!C,$"#$#<!L(!B#$"%/-.:! -*!*,'&!".0!$9$.<!!

N"-%-.:!"%!%/$!B4*!*%')!&-%/!A$!&"*!"!&'A".!".01!=!:4$**1!/$#!*'.<!D/$!&"*!-.!0"#7! E$".*1! B,"C7! B''%*! ".0! "! E"C7$%<! D/$! &'#$! "! ,")-*;,"^4,-! )$.0".%1! %/$! *%'.$!-#-0$*C$.%!)$"C'C7!B,4$<!5/$!B'(!&"*!$-:/%!'#!.-.$1! +-.$;B'.$0!".0!)",$;*7-..$01!&-%/!+"-#!/"-#!%/"%!&"*!$-%/$#!"0'#"B,(!%'4*,$0!'#!+-,,$0!&-%/!)#'04C%!_!=!C'4,0!.'%!%$,,!&/-C/<!b$!&"*!B'#$0!&-%/!&"-%-.:!+'#!%/$!B4*!".0!&"*!C,-AB-.:!'9$#!%/$!*$"%!,-7$!"!A'.7$(1!%/$.!#4..-.:!",'.:!%/$!+''%)"%/1!%/$.!*&-.:-.:!/-*!c"^'#!*C''%$#!-.!%/$!"-#!B(!%/$!/".0,$<!!

=! &"%C/$0! /-A! C"#$$.! %/$! *C''%$#! "C#'**! %/$! )"9$A$.%1! %/$.! /$! 0#'))$0! -%1!C,-AB$0!4)!%/$!B"C7!'+!%/$!*$"%!".0!%/$.!E4A)$0!'++<!b-*!A'%/$#!*"-01!I]/1!*%')<!\'1!O"C/-$<!M'.2%12!".0!*/$!:-::,$0!".0!%'4C/$0!/-*!C/$*%!&-%/!/$#!/".0<!D/$!#$A-.0$0!A$!'+!L#!b4A)/#-$*<!:+);%$+7%'#!%'607,<!

3+%$#! "!&/-,$!O"C/-$!:#$&! %-#$0!'+! %/$! C,-AB-.:!".0! E4A)-.:1! ".0!/-*!A'%/$#!:#$&!%-#$0!'+!%/$!+,-#%(!"0A'.-*/-.:<!D/$!*%"#%$0!%$U%-.:1!".0!/$!*%''0!'.!%/$!*$"%!".0!B$:".!($,,-.:!"%!)"**-.:!C"#*1!"%!%/$!%')!'+!/-*!*A",,!9'-C$!'.!%/-*!K4-$%!D4.0"(<!3%! +-#*%! -%!&"*!b3``J!\dN!Jd3c!X+'#!&/"%!#$"*'.!=2A!.'%!*4#$Y1! %/$.!LdccJ!ebc=D5L3D!X,-7$&-*$Y<!5/$.1!=2L!Z]=\Z!5]!M=d!D]]\<!

`"**$#*;B(!E$#7$0!%/$-#!/$"0*!".0!*%"#$0<!b-*!A'%/$#!,''7$0!4)!+#'A!/$#!)/'.$!".0!:-::,$0<!IM'.2%!*"(!%/"%1!O"C/-$<!5/"%2*!.'%!9$#(!.-C$12!*/$!*"-01!*'!O"C/-$!($,,$0!":"-.1!%'!"!0-++$#$.%!*$%!'+!*%"#%,$0!)"**$#*;B(S!\]1!=2L!\]5<!!

N/$.!/$!%-#$0!'+!%/"%!/$!0$C-0$0!%'!*$$!-+!%/$!B4*!&"*!+-.",,(!C'A-.:1!"%!+-#*%!+#'A!%/$!+''%)"%/<!5/$.!/$!9$.%4#$0!-.%'!%/$!B-7$!,".$!".01!&/$.!%/-*!)#'9$0!%''!$"*(1!/$!*%''0! -.! %/$! A-00,$! '+! %/$! #'"0! ".0! ,''7$0! 4)! "%! %/$! *7(1! /-*! +#":-,$! "#A*!'4%*%#$%C/$01! *7-.! ",A'*%! %#".*,4C$.%! ":"-.*%! %/$! 0"#7! :#$(! '+! %/$! #'"0<! ].$! C"#!*&$#9$01!".'%/$#!%''%$01!($%!*%-,,!/$!*%''0!%/$#$<!!

W#'A!%/$!*$"%!"%!%/$!B4*!*%')1!/-*!A'%/$#!:"9$!/-A!"!K4-C7!:,".C$1!%/$.!&$.%!B"C7!%'!/$#!%$U%-.:<!IJ'42#$!B$-.:!C"#$+4,1!"#$.2%!('41!O"C/-$62!*/$!C''$0<!


!THE REASON PEOPLE!&".%!%'!7.'&!&/(!=!0'.2%!/"9$!C/-,0#$.!-*1!)$#/")*1!%'!0$C-0$!&/$%/$#!=!"A!A$#$,(!4.+'#%4."%$!'#!&-,+4,,(!$9-,<!X]#!)$#/")*!%/$#$!-*!"!%/-#0!')%-'.<!5'!)"#")/#"*$!L#!N-,0$S!%'!/"9$!'.,(!'.$!C/-,0!A-:/%!B$!A"(!B$!#$:"#0$0!"*!"!A-*+'#%4.$V!%'!/"9$!.'.$!,''7*!,-7$!C"#$,$**.$**<Y!!

8"C7!-.!>??R1!D$."%'#!8-,,!b$++$#.".!*"-0!%/"%!f4,-"!Z-,,"#0!*/'4,0.2%!,$"0!%/$!3O`!B$C"4*$! I".('.$!&/'!C/''*$*! %'!#$A"-.!0$,-B$#"%$,(!B"##$.g%/$(29$!:'%!.'! -0$"!&/"%! ,-+$2*! "B'4%<2!3.0! %/-*! ($"#1!L"#7!O"%/"A!*"-01! I".('.$!&/'! C/''*$*! "! ,-+$!&-%/'4%!C/-,0#$.1!"*!Z-,,"#0!/"*1!C"..'%!/"9$!A4C/!,'9$!-.!%/$A<2!`$#/")*!)$'),$!"*7!%/$!0-++-C4,%!K4$*%-'.!'+!&/(!=!0'.2%!/"9$!C/-,0#$.!*'!%/$(!C".!+-.0!'4%!-+!=!"A!I0$,-B$#"%$,(2!C/-,0,$**<!D'!%/$(!C".!+-.0!'4%S!<+%(%/*+6%6)'.%,50!=-%'>+7.9%3.0S!<+%(%)'"!%37?)%,+"!%5*%3!9!!

5/-*!-*!"!B#-,,-".%!-0$"1!=!%/-.7<!=%!*'A$%-A$*!%"7$*!A'.%/*!'#!($"#*!'#!0$C"0$*!%'!4.0$#*%".0!*'A$'.$2*!/$"#%!".0!C/"#"C%$#1!".0!$9$.!%/$.1!.'!A"%%$#!/'&!C$#%"-.!&$!"#$1!&$!C".!+-.0!%'!'4#!:#$"%!*'##'&!%/"%!&$!"#$!A-*%"7$.<!b'&!"*%'.-*/-.:,(!/$,)+4,!%'!7.'&!%/$*$!%/-.:*!*%#"-:/%!4)1!+#'A!'.$!,-%%,$!K4$*%-'.1!#-:/%!+#'A!%/$!+-#*%!%-A$!('4!A$$%!*'A$'.$<!

!A FEW YEARS!":'!=!&"*!C/"%%-.:!%'!".!',0$#!C'4),$!=!7.'&!&$,,1!"B'4%!%/-*!".0!%/"%1!&'#7!".0!&$"%/$#1!)',-%-C*!".0!A'9-$*<!5/$!C'.9$#*"%-'.! %4#.$0! %'!".'%/$#!C'4),$!=!7.$&!'.,(!*,-:/%,(1!+#-$.0*!'+!%/$*$!)$'),$<!

I]/12!*"-0!%/$!&-+$<!I=%2*!%$##-B,$!&/"%!/"))$.$0<!5$##-B,$<2!

I5/$(29$!*),-%!4)12!*"-0!%/$!/4*B".0<!Ib$!,$+%!/$#<2!

I]4%!'+!%/$!B,4$12!%/$!&-+$!*"-0<!

I8$C"4*$!*/$!&"*!B"##$.12!%/$!/4*B".0!*"-0<!

]%/$#! %/".! -.! )',-%-C",! 0$B"%$! "B'4%! %/$! &'#%/-.$**! '#! '%/$#&-*$! '+! +$A",$!)',-%-C-".*1!%/$!&'#0!IB"##$.2!-*!#"#$,(!4*$0!%/$*$!0"(*!-.!)',-%$!*'C-$%(<!=.!%/$!8-B,$1!$9$#('.$!&/'!&"*!".('.$!&"*!B"##$.S!-%!&"*!%/$!',0$.;0"(!$K4-9",$.%!'+!/"9-.:!"!B,':<! D"#"/! ".0!c$B$7"/1!c"C/$,! ".0! %/$!4.."A$0!A'%/$#! '+! D"A*'.V!b".."/1!L-C/",!".0!d,-^"B$%/<!3,,!'+!%/$*$1!$UC$)%!+'#!L-C/",1!C'.C$-9$0!"%!"!9$#(!,"%$!*%":$1!"!B,$**-.:!+#'A!Z'0<!!

=+! ",,! %/$*$! &'A$.1! ".0! %/$-#! /4*B".0*! ".0! C'AA4.-%-$*1! &$#$! *'! C'.9-.C$0!%/$#$!&'4,0!B$!.'!B"B(1! %/$(!A4*%!/"9$!B$$.!)'*%;A$.')"4*",!&/$.!Z'0!:"9$!%/$A!%/-*!A-#"C,$<! =! %/-.7!'+! %/$*$!B-B,-C",!&'A$.1! ,-9-.:!"!/"#*/! ,-+$! -.!"!L-00,$!d"*%$#.!0$*$#%S!*C#")-.:!+'#!+''01!B$.%!0'&.!B(!&'#7!".0!04*%!".0!/$"%<!=!*$$!%/$A!"%!+-+%(;+-9$!&-%/!"!%'00,$#1!'#!"%!",A'*%!*$9$.%(!&-%/!"!%$$.":$#<!=!&'.0$#!&/"%!%/$*$!&'A$.!%/'4:/%!"B'4%!%/$-#!B,$**-.:!"%!F<G?!-.!%/$!A'#.-.:<!

!

TONI JORDAN: Waking up 185

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

=!"A!".!$04C"%$0!)$#*'.!'+!*'4.0!A-.0!".0!B'0(!-.!"!+-#*%;&'#,0!C'4.%#(1!&/-C/!A"7$*!A$!'.$!'+!%/$!,4C7-$*%!)$'),$!&/'!/"*!$9$#!,-9$0<!D%-,,1!*'A$%-A$*!=!+$$,!")"#%!+#'A!A4C/!'+!'4#!."%-'.",!C'.9$#*"%-'.<!N/$.!*/')!"**-*%".%*!&-*/!A$!"!/"))(!L'%/$#2*!M"(1!/'&!*/'4,0!=!#$*)'.06!5/$!&$$7$.0!)")$#*1!&-%/!"C#$*!'+!)"#$.%-.:!C',4A.*!".0!"09-C$!".0!7-02*!"C%-9-%-$*!".0!"0*!+'#!%'(*1!*$$A!,-7$!".%/#')',':-C",!$9-0$.C$!+#'A!"!0-*%".%!C-9-,-*"%-'.<!`',-%-C-".*!.$9$#!*)$"7!%'!A$<!=!&-,,!.$9$#!B$!"!N'#7-.:!W"A-,(<!

5/$!E'B!'+!".!"4.%!-*!.'%/-.:!%'!*.$$^$!"%<!5/$#$!"#$!B-#%/0"(*!%'!#$A$AB$#!".0!B"B(*-%%-.:!%'!0'!".0!,'.:!C/"%*!%'!/"9$!'9$#!%/$!)/'.$<!L(!%&'!.-$C$*!".0!.$)/$&!,-9$!-.!#$:-'.",!h4$$.*,".01!*'!%/$#$!&-,,!",*'1!=!/')$1!B$!+-#*%!%-C7$%*!%'!%/$!B",,$%!".0!%/$!3WO1!9-*-%*!%'!A"#7$%*!".0!%/$!*.'&<!!

L(!*-*%$#!".0!=!%",7!'.!%/$!)/'.$!'+%$.<!D'A$%-A$*!*/$!#-.:*!A$!-.!%/$!A'#.-.:1!%'!%",7!"B'4%!A(!A'%/$#!'#!A(!:#".0A'%/$#!'#!E4*%!%'!*"(!/$,,'<!=%2*!$"#,(!+'#!A$1!B4%!.'%!+'#!/$#<!N/$.!*/$!/$"#*!A(!0#'&*(!9'-C$!*/$!")',':-*$*<!I=!",&"(*!+'#:$%12!*/$!*"(*!&-*%+4,,(1! I%/"%!('4! C".! *,$$)! -.!"*! ,'.:!"*!('4! ,-7$<2! =!.$9$#! +'#:$%! %/"%! */$!C"..'%<!!

Toni Jordan’s debut novel, the international bestseller Addition (Text, 2008), was longlisted for the Miles Franklin Literary Award. Her second novel, Fall Girl (Text), was published last year in Australia, and will be published in the UK, Germany, France and Taiwan. Toni teaches creative writing at RMIT University. Her fiction has appeared in Griffith REVIEW 26: Stories for Today.


MEMOIR

Deep connections, artistic inevitabilities

The journey from book to film

Raimond Gaita

FOUR!"#$%&!$'(#%!()#!%#*#$&#!+'!()#!',*-!$.$/($(,+0!+'!!"#$%$&'()*(+,-./01!,(!&(,**!'##*&!&(%$02#!(+!%#'#%! (+! ()#!3)$%$3(#%&! ,0! ()#! ',*-!$&!3)$%$3(#%&!%$()#%!()$0!$&!%#$*!/#+/*#!4!(+!5+-6*6&!76(!0+(!(+!-"!'$()#%1!(+!8)%,&(,0$!76(!0+(!(+!-"!-+()#%1!$0.!(+!5$,!76(!0+(!(+!-#9!!

5#$.#%&!+'!()#!7++:!$%#!+'(#0!,0(%,26#.!(+!:0+;!;)$(!<!(),0:!+'!()#!',*-9!<!$-!2*$.!(+!7#!$7*#!(+!&$"!()$(!<!(),0:!()$(!.,%#3(+%1!5,3)$%.!5+=76%2)1!-$.#!$!',*-!+'!)#$%(%#0.,02!/+;#%!$0.!.#*,3$(#!7#$6("1!;,()!',0#1!&+-#(,-#&!&6/#%71!/#%'+%-$03#&!'%+-!()#!3$&(9!<(!,&!7#$6(,'6**"!/)+(+2%$/)#.!$0.!.,%#3(#.!;,()!#*+>6#0(!%#&(%$,0(9!<!$.-,%#! 5,3)$%.?&! ,0(#2%,("! ,0! %#'6&,02! (+! '*$((#%! ),&! $6.,#03#1! +%! (+! *++:! +@#%! ),&!&)+6*.#%!$(!;)$(!3%,(,3&!-,2)(!&$"9!

A)#0! -"! ;,'#1! B$#*1! $0.! <! ',%&(! &$;! ,(! ,0! $! %+62)! 36(! ;,()! +0*"! +0#! +'! ()#!/%+.63#%&1!C+)0!D$"0$%.1!,0!()#!()#$(%#!;,()!6&1!;#!3%,#.!$*-+&(!()%+62)+6(9!E'(#%!()#!&3%##0,02!;#!.%+@#!'%+-!D#*7+6%0#!(+!+6%!)+6&#!,0!()#!3+60(%"1!;)#%#!;#!-#(!6/!;,()!C+)0!$0.!),&!&+0!F,**"9!B$#*!$0.!<!&/+:#!0+(!$!;+%.!(+!#$3)!+()#%!+0!()$(!.%,@#!$0.!;#!'+60.!,(!)$%.!(+!3+0@#%&#!;,()!C+)0!$0.!F,**"!+@#%!.,00#%9!

G)#!',*-!/%#-,#%#.!,0!8$&(*#-$,0#9!H%!%$()#%1!()$(!;$&!;)#%#!,(!)$.!,(&!I;+%*.!/%#-,#%#?J!$0!IE6&(%$*,$0?!/%#-,#%#!;$&!(+!'+**+;!,0!D#*7+6%0#!$!'#;!.$"&!*$(#%9!E!&-$**! /*$('+%-! ;$&! #%#3(#.! ,0! '%+0(! +'! ()#! 3,0#-$1! $0.! K%,3! F$0$1! ;)+! /*$"#.!5+-6*6&1!&/+:#1!$&!;#**!$&!5,3)$%.1!()#!&3%##0;%,(#%!$0.!+()#%&9!A)#0!,(!;$&!-"!(6%01! <! &6..#0*"! %#$*,&#.! ()$(! <! ;$&! *++:,02! $(! $! &/+(1! +0*"! ()%##! +%! &+! -#(%#&!.,%#3(*"!,0!'%+0(!+'!-#1!;)#%#!-"!'$()#%!/$%:#.!),&!-+(+%7,:#!;)#0!;#!;#0(!'%+-!L%+2-+%#1!+6%!)+6&#1!(+!()#!I/,3(6%#&?9!G)#%#1!<!%#-#-7#%#.1!)#!.%#&&#.!-#!,0!$!2%#$(3+$(! ()$(! (%$,*#.! $! 3+6/*#! '##(! +0! ()#! 2%+60.1! $'(#%! )$@,02! ',%&(! /6(!0#;&/$/#%&! (+! -"! 3)#&(1! $0.! $! *#$()#%! )$(! $0.! 2+22*#&! +0! -"! )#$.9! G+! -"!#-7$%%$&&-#0(!)#!.,.!(),&!,0!'%+0(!+'!()#!3%+;.!;)+!&(++.!+0!()#!'++(/$()!($*:,02!$'(#%!()#!#0.!+'!()#!',*-9!!

RAIMOND GAITA: Deep connections, artistic inevitabilities 187

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

A,(),0!$!.$"!+%!&+!5,3)$%.!%$02!4!'%+-!E'%,3$1!<!(),0:!4!$0.!$&:#.!,'!)#!3+6*.!@,&,(!-#!,0!T+0.+09!<!(+*.!),-!<!;+6*.!/%#'#%!()$(!)#!.,.0?(1!7#3$6&#!,'!)#!3$-#!$**!()$(!;$"!<!;+6*.!'##*!()$(!<!+;#.!),-!&+-#(),029!R#!;+6*.!3+-#!0+0#()#*#&&1!)#!&$,.9!E0.!)#!.,.1!(+!-"!'*$(!,0!T+0.+01!+0!$!3+*.!C$06$%"!0,2)(1!.%#&&#.!,0!V#$0&1!$!;),(#!3$7*#W:0,(!/6**+@#%!$0.!$!*#$()#%!V$3:#(1!$0.!)+*.,02!(;+!7+((*#&!+'!%#.!;,0#9!

<! )$.! #=/#3(#.! &+-#+0#! 3++*! ,0! $! &*,3:! &+%(! +'! ;$"1! &+-#+0#! <! ;+6*.0?(! *,:#9!<0&(#$.1!)#!;$&!&(%$,2)('+%;$%.1!,0(#0&#!$0.!3)$%-,029!<!;$&!,-/%#&&#.!7"!),&!*+@#!+'!()#!7++:!$0.!7"!),&!.#&,%#!(+!.,%#3(!$!',*-!(%6#!(+! ,(9!K@#0!&+1!<! (+*.!),-!()$(!<!;+6*.!0+(!2,@#!),-!()#!%,2)(&9!K@#%!%#&+6%3#'6*1!)#!$&:#.!,'!<!;+6*.!$(!*#$&(!$**+;!),-!(+!;%,(#!$!&3%##0/*$"9!<'!<!.,.0?(!*,:#!,(1!()#0!;#!;+6*.!2+!0+!'6%()#%9!!

<(!;+6*.!7#!-#$0W&/,%,(#.!(+!%#'6&#!&63)!$!-+.#&(!%#>6#&(1! <! ()+62)(9!R#!)$.1!$'(#%!$**1!(%$@#**#.!(+!T+0.+0!'%+-!E'%,3$1!$0.!;#!)$.!.%60:!),&!@#%"!2++.!;,0#9!

<0!()#!#@#0(!5,3)$%.!3+6*.0?(!;%,(#!()#!&3%##0/*$"1!$0.!;#!7#2$0!&#$%3),02!'+%!$!&3%##0;%,(#%9!

!FIVE YEARS AFTER!5,3)$%.!)$.!(6%0#.!6/!$(!()#!.++%!+'!-"!'*$(!,0!T+0.+01!;#!&(,**!.,.!0+(!)$@#!$!&3%##0/*$"1!()+62)!;#!)$.!.#3*,0#.!$!'#;9!F"!()$(!(,-#!5+7#%(!8+00+**"! $0.! C+)0! D$"0$%.! )$.! $2%##.! (+! /%+.63#! ()#! ',*-1! 76(! <! )$.! 0+(! "#(!&,20#.!$!3+0(%$3(9!<!;$&!0+(!/%#/$%#.!(+!.+!&+!60(,*!<!)$.!%#$&+0!(+!7#*,#@#!()$(!<!3+6*.! (%6&(! ()#! &3%##0;%,(#%9! G)#01! +0! $! (%,/! (+! T+0.+01! 5+7#%(! .,&3+@#%#.! X,3:!Y%$:#1!$0!K02*,&)!/+#(!7+%0!+'!8Z#3)!$0.!K02*,&)!/$%#0(&9!F#3$6&#!<!()+62)(!+'!()#!7++:! $&! $! (%$2,3! /+#-! %$()#%! ()$0! $! 7,+2%$/)"1! <! )$.! $*;$"&! ;$0(#.! ()#!&3%##0;%,(#%! (+! 7#! $! /+#(! ;,()! $! K6%+/#$0! &#0&,7,*,("9! X,3:! )$.! 0+(! ;%,((#0! $!&3%##0/*$"! 7#'+%#! 76(! ;$&! $! I&3%,/(! .+3(+%?! ;,()! $! .,&(,026,&)#.! ',*-! 3+-/$0"1!;+%:,02! +01! $-+02! +()#%&1! ()#! &3%##0/*$"! (+! E0()+0"! D,02)#**$?&! 1./( 234%5&.(6,-5/3-9!!

G)#! 3,%36-&($03#&! +'! +6%! #$%*"! .,&36&&,+0! -$.#! $! .,''#%#03#! (+! +6%! '%,#0.&),/!$0.!()#%#'+%#1!<!(),0:1!(+!()#!&3%##0/*$"9!X+(!*+02!$'(#%!<!-#(!X,3:!Y%$:#!&#@#%#!7$3:!/$,0!/6(!-#!(+!7#.!'+%! (;+!;##:&9!X,3:!3$-#!(;,3#! (+!@,&,(9!E&!)#!;$&!$7+6(! (+!*#$@#!()#!&#3+0.!(,-#1!)#!0#%@+6&*"!)$0.#.!-#!$!7++:!+'!),&!/+#-&1(1./(),3(53(-./(


7.5-/(8$5-9! I<!)+/#!"+6! *,:#! ()#&#1?!)#!&$,.9! I<!.+0?(!:0+;!;)$(!;#!;,**!.+! ,'!"+6!.+0?(9?!!

A#!)$.!$*%#$."!$2%##.!()$(!)#!&)+6*.!;%,(#!()#!&3%##0/*$"9!

Q(+:#.!6/!+0!$0(,W,0'*$--$(+%,#&!$0.!&(%+02!/$,0:,**#%&1!<!;$&!&6''#%,02!@,&6$*!.,&(6%7$03#&! $0.! 3+6*.! 7$%#*"! (),0:1! 76(! <! %#$.! ()#! /+#-&! &(%$,2)($;$"9! Q+-#!-+@#.!-#!(+!(#$%&9!E!;##:!*$(#%!<!%#$.!()#-!$2$,0!$0.!%#&/+0.#.!$&!<!)$.!7#'+%#9!<!)$.!7##0!%,2)(!(+!;$0(!$!/+#(!(+!;%,(#!()#!&3%##0/*$"1!$0.!X,3:!;$&!()$(!/+#(9!!

R#!;%+(#!()#!&3%##0/*$"!()$(!<!(%6&(#.!)#!;+6*.9!<(!;$&!3+6%$2#+6&1!60.#%&($(#.!76(! ()#! -+%#! #-+(,+0$**"! /+;#%'6*! '+%! ,(1! $0.! /+#(,39! G+2#()#%! ;,()! ()#!3,0#-$(+2%$/)"!+'![#+''%#"!Q,-/&+01!,(!#0&6%#.!()$(!()#!',*-!,&!@,&6$*!$0.!.%$-$(,3!/+#(%"9! <(! #0$7*#.! 5,3)$%.! (+! .,%#3(! $! ',*-! ;,()! ()#! &$-#! >6$*,(,#&! $0.! 2$@#! ,(&!/%,03,/$*!$3(+%&!MK%,3!F$0$1!L%$0:$!\+(#0(#!$&!8)%,&(,0$1!U+.,!Q-,(WD3\)##!$&!5$,N!%+*#&!()$(!)$@#1!<!(),0:1!/%+@#.!(+!7#!$-+02!()#,%!7#&(9!!

<(!;$&!0+(!()$(!X,3:!*$,.!.+;0!(%$3:&!()$(!5,3)$%.!)$.!-#%#*"!(+!'+**+;!4!X,3:!+'(#0! (+*.! -#! ()$(! <! )$.! (+! ,-$2,0#! )+;! ()#! &/$3#&! 7#(;##0! ()#! &#0(#03#&1!&+-#(,-#&!V6&(!7#(;##0!()#!;+%.&1!;+6*.!7#!',**#.!;,()!,-$2#&!$0.!&+60.9!<!)$.!#&/#3,$**"!(+!60.#%&($0.!)+;!#*+>6#0(!()#!&,*#03#&!3+6*.!7#9!<!(#0.#.1!,03+%%,2,7*"1!(+!%#$.!,(!$&!()+62)!,(!;$&!$!/*$"9!<(!;$&0?(!60(,*!<!&$;!()#!',*-!()$(!<!%#$*,&#.!V6&(!)+;!*,((*#!.,$*+26#!;$&!,0!,(!$0.!;)$(!$!2,'(!,(!;$&!'+%!$!.,%#3(+%9!!

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

A)#0!<!*++:!7$3:!(+!()$(!(,-#!<!%#$*,&#!()$(!$*()+62)!<!:0#;!,0!-"!)#$.!()$(!<!)$.!(+!*#(!2+!+'!()#!&(+%"!<!)$.!;%,((#01!,(!(++:!&+-#!(,-#1!,'!,0.##.!,(!#@#%!)$//#0#.1!'+%!-#!(+!:0+;!,(!,0!-"!)#$%(9!


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

!SEVEN YEARS HAD!#*$/&#.!7#(;##0!()#!#@#0,02!;)#0!5,3)$%.!3$-#!(+!-"!'*$(!,0!T+0.+0!$0.!()#!',%&(!.$"!+'!()#!&)++(1!+0!()#!D++*+%(!\*$,0&!,0!D$%3)!^__`9!!

G)#! ',*-! ;$&! &)+(! #0(,%#*"! +0! *+3$(,+0]! #@#%"+0#! *,@#.! ()#%#! .6%,02! ()#! ;##:9!E%%,@,02!+0!&#(!7#'+%#!.$;0!$0.!*#$@,02!$'(#%!.$%:!3$0!7#!2%6#**,021!76(!,(!3$0!)$@#!&67*,-#!3+-/#0&$(,+0&9!K$3)!.$"!()#!3$&(!$0.!3%#;!&$;!()#!&60!%,&#!$0.!&#(!+@#%!()#!)$%&)!76(!7#$6(,'6*!*$0.&3$/#!+'!8#0(%$*!a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


a,%(6$**"!$**!()#!3%#;!%#$.!-"!7++:9!<!;$&!'*$((#%#.1!76(!-+%#!,-/+%($0(*"!<!;$&!-+@#.!$0.!3+0&+*#.!7"!()#!:0+;*#.2#!()$(! ()#! ',*-!;+6*.!7#1! ,0!#@#%"!.#($,*1!$!;+%:!+'!*+@#9!!

G)#!*$&(!&#0(#03#!+'!()#!&3%##0/*$"!%#$.&1!I5+-6*6&1!;,()!$!&(%+021!3+0',.#0(!3$&(!+'!),&!)$0.1!'%##&!()#-!b()#!7##&c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

!WHEN I FIRST! &$;! ()#! ',*-1! ',0,&)#.! $0.! +0! ()#! 7,2! &3%##0! $(! $! /%#@,#;! ,0!D#*7+6%0#1!<!.,.!&+!;,()!$!3+6/*#!+'!)60.%#.!+()#%!/#+/*#9!D$0"!+'!()#-!3$-#!(+!-#!$'(#%;$%.&!@,&,7*"!-+@#.!$0.!$*&+!$0=,+6&!$7+6(!)+;!<!'#*(9!D$0"!;+0.#%#.!)+;!<!7+%#!(+!&,(!()%+62)!,(9!<(!;$&!,0.##.!)$%%+;,021!#@#0!-+%#!&+!'+%!-"!&,&(#%!Q6&$0!;)+!&$(!0#=(!(+!-#9!!

G;+!(),02&!$7+6(!()#!',*-!)$@#!3$6&#.!-#!/$,09!

G)#!7++:!3+@#%&!()#!#0(,%#!/#%,+.!+'!-"!'$()#%?&!*,'#9!G)#!',*-!3+@#%&!#@#0(&!()$(!+336%%#.!+@#%!%+62)*"!&#@#0!"#$%&!'%+-!OPS`!+0;$%.&1!76(!,(!%#/%#&#0(&!()#-!$&!+336%%,02!+@#%!()%##!"#$%&9!5,3)$%.!()+62)(1!%,2)(*"1!()$(!()#%#!&)+6*.!7#!+0*"!+0#!3),*.! $3(+%! $0.! ()$(! ()#! $6.,#03#! ;+6*.! 0+(! ',0.! ,(! 3%#.,7*#! ()$(! )#! &)+6*.! $2#!&#@#0!"#$%&9!

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

<(! ;$&! @#%"! /$,0'6*! '+%! F$%7$%$1! ;)+! ;#0(! ;,()! Q6&$0! (+! ()#! 8$&(*#-$,0#!/%#-,#%#9!H0#!&3#0#!/$%(,36*$%*"!&+9!E'(#%!8)%,&(,0$!)$&!($:#0!()#!($7*#(&!()$(!;,**!:,**!)#%1!&)#!*++:&!$(!/)+(+&!+0!)#%!.%#&&,02!($7*#9!H0#!+'!()#-!,&!+'!)#%!;,()!Q6&$0!$0.!D,(%69!F$%7$%$!(+*.!-#!()$(!;)#0!&)#!&$;!(),&!&)#!'#*(!I;%,((#0!+6(!+'!),&(+%"?9!<!


%#/*,#.!()$(!()#!',*-!;$&!0+(!$!.+36-#0($%"1!()$(!,0&+'$%!$&!()#%#!,&!$!),&(+%"!,(!,&!()#!7++:1!!"#$%$&'()*(+,-./09!G),&!.,.!0+(!3+0&+*#!)#%9!!

G)#!&#3+0.!(),02!,&!#@#0!-+%#!.,&(%#&&,029!

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

A)#0!<!&$;!()#!',*-!'+%!()#!',%&(!(,-#1!;,()!()$(!&3#0#!36(1!<!:0#;!,--#.,$(#*"!()$(! -$0"! /#+/*#! ;+6*.! V6.2#! )#%! )$%&)*"! '+%! )#%! 0#2*#3(! +'! )#%! &+01! '+%! )#%!603+0(%+**#.!&/#0.,02!$0.!'+%!()#!/%+-,&36,("!()$(!.%+@#!D,(%6!(+!.#&/$,%9!G)#!',*-!-$:#&!3*#$%!()$(!&)#!,&!,0!()#!2%,/!+'!$!.##/!.#/%#&&,+0!;)#0!&)#!3$00+(!*++:!$'(#%!Q6&$09!F6(!/+&(0$($*!.#/%#&&,+0!,&!3*#$%*"!0+(!()#!%#$&+0!;)"!&)#!3$00+(!*++:!$'(#%!5$,]!;)"!&)#!,&!/%+-,&36+6&]!;)"!&)#!7%,02&!D,(%61!)#%!*+@#%1!(+!L%+2-+%#9!

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

A)#0! <! /%#.,3(#.! (+! 5,3)$%.! ()$(! @,#;#%&! ;+6*.! V6.2#! 8)%,&(,0$! )$%&)*"1! )#!%#/*,#.!()$(!()#"!&)+6*.0?(9!X,3:!&$,.!()#!&$-#9!X,3:!#&/#3,$**"!;$&!-+%(,',#.!;)#0!<!(+*.! ),-! +'! ()#! %#@,#;&9! <! )$@#! 0+(! &/+:#0! (+! 5,3)$%.! $7+6(! ,(! &,03#! +6%! +%,2,0$*!3+0@#%&$(,+01!76(!<!:0+;!()$(!)+&(,*,("!(+!8)%,&(,0$!;$&!()#!*$&(!(),02!)#!;$0(#.9!!

G)#!',*-?&!$((,(6.#!(+!8)%,&(,0$!,&!60.+67(#.*"!&"-/$()#(,39!L+%!&+-#!@,#;#%&1!()$(!,&!+0#!+'!,(&!-$,0!/%+7*#-&9!A)"1!()#"!$&:1!.+#&!()#!',*-!&)+;!&"-/$()"!'+%!$!3)$%$3(#%!;)+&#!.#&(%63(,@#!7#)$@,+6%!3$6&#&!+0#!-$0!(+!:,**!),-&#*'1!$0+()#%!(+!2+! -$.1! $0.! &6''#%,02! (+! )#%! &+0! +'! $! :,0.! $0.! .#2%##! ()$(! /%+-/(&! $*-+&(!#@#%"+0#!;)+!&##&!()#!',*-!(+!$&:!)+;!)#!&6%@,@#.!,(d!!


!I SOMETIMES WONDER! ;)#()#%! <! ;+6*.! )$@#! %#'6&#.! 5,3)$%.?&! %#>6#&(! (+!$.$/(!()#!7++:!(+!',*-1!,'!<!)$.!7##0!$7*#!(+!'+%#&##!()#!)+&(,*,("!&)+;0!(+!8)%,&(,0$9!<!.+0?(!:0+;9!<!.+!:0+;1!)+;#@#%1!()$(!<!.+!0+(!4!3$00+(!4!%#2%#(!()#!#=,&(#03#!+'!&63)!$!',0#!',*-1!()#!,0&/,%,02!)$%.!;+%:!()$(!;#0(!,0(+!,(1!()#!'%,#0.&),/&!()$(!.#@#*+/#.!;)#0! ,(! ;$&! 7#,02! -$.#! $0.! ()#! -+@,02! ;+%.&! ()$(! K%,3! &/+:#! ;)#01! ,0! ),&!$33#/($03#!&/##3)1!)#!.#.,3$(#.!),&!EL<!E;$%.!'+%!7#&(!$3(+%!(+!-"!'$()#%9!!

E0.!)+;!3+6*.!<!%#2%#(!()#!)60.%#.&!+'!#-$,*&!<!)$@#!%#3#,@#.!'%+-!/#+/*#!;)+!)$@#!7##0!/%+'+60.*"!-+@#.!7"!()#!',*-1!;)+!)$@#!%#&/+0.#.!;,()!;$%-W)#$%(#.!&+%%+;!(+!8)%,&(,0$!,0!V6&(!()#!;$"!()$(!X,3:!$0.!5,3)$%.!)+/#.!()#"!;+6*.d!A)+!;+6*.!7#!&6%/%,&#.!;)#0!<!&$"!()$(!L%$0:$!\+(#0(#?&!8)%,&(,0$!,&1!'+%!-#1!()#!-+&(!-+@,02!3)$%$3(#%!,0!()#!',*-1!7#3$6&#!,0!/*$",02!8)%,&(,0$!&)#!/*$"&!-"!-+()#%d!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

This is an edited extract from After Romulus, which will be published by Text in September. Raimond Gaita’s essay ‘When politicians lie’ was published in Griffith REVIEW 5: Addicted to Celebrity. He is a professorial fellow in the Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, and emeritus professor of moral philosophy at King’s College, London.


MEMOIR

Child’s play The biggest Sherbet fans ever

Meera Atkinson

In memory of Harvey. Dedicated to Donna.

IN 1977, on a windy summer day, two thirteen-‐‑year-‐‑olds walked into a milk bar on Sydney’s Broadway and, as they often did, struck up a conversation with a complete stranger, sharing their love of Sherbet, the Australian pop phenomenon du jour, star act of an outdoor concert held that day across the road at Victoria Park. The stranger turned out to be Mike Meade, host of Flashez, an ABC TV music show. Captivated by the fans’ fervour, he asked if he could interview them. In the park, before the camera, the girls, poised between the wholesomeness of childhood and the waywardness of adolescence, poured their hearts out. This slice of film is now a time capsule testimony for a generation of Sherbet worshippers.

When I heard that Harvey James, the English-‐‑born guitarist of Sherbet, had died, I remembered those crazed and vivacious, bold and unspeakably vulnerable girls, and the young man who had been kind to them at the height of his fame. Harvey died of lung cancer, in Melbourne on 15 January 2011, aged just fifty-‐‑eight. Donna and I heard the news as women of forty-‐‑seven.

Following his death I found that six months earlier Harvey’s children, Gabriel, Alexandra and Josh, had set up a Facebook page when he was diagnosed. I joined ‘Send your love to Harvey James’, where hundreds of fans were paying homage, alongside Harvey’s family, friends and musical comrades. There were many photographs of Harvey, including some from Sherbet – photos I had mooned over when they covered my bedroom wall, photos that went everywhere I went, images burned deep in the still reverberating pubescent region of my psyche.

Though Harvey was the object of my fanatical affections, devotion to my best friend was the heart of my Sherbet passion. Donna and I had met when we were about six, after my mother and I moved into the house across from hers in Annandale and into the same class. It was the early 1970s and a quiet neighbourhood, made more interesting by the mysterious ‘Abbey’ around the corner, a fifty-‐‑room gothic mansion


rumoured to be haunted. We bonded swiftly and fiercely, our friendship characterised by outrageous pranks. We packed our mothers’ bras with tissues, stuffed small pillows under our clothes and wandered around talking up the trials of faux-‐‑pregnancies. We plotted against my mother’s boyfriend, a childish alcoholic whom I despised. We stole flowers from gardens and planned to start a guerrilla florist business. We made up unflattering ditties about our nemesis, a rude, bespectacled bully who tortured animals. We choreographed elaborate routines to popular songs and performed them for our families and schoolmates. We devised escapades on family outings and shared beds during countless sleepovers. We were the daughters of mostly absent fathers and often troubled mothers, and we took refuge in our friendship. When we were grounded, as punishment for some especially dastardly transgression, life felt sunless and unbearable, and I watched, desperately, the front of her house for signs of Donna, living for the day I could see her again.

Time rolled on and brought with it changes: new homes and schools, first in the miserable Eastern Suburbs abode of the boyfriend I loathed and in a class with a teacher who took an instant dislike to me. I missed Donna and Annandale North Primary terribly, often crying before school. Then there were consuming years of fun, high drama and pseudo-‐‑sisterhood in Glebe with my mother’s new boyfriend and his daughter of the same age. During that time Donna’s family moved further west, out Concord way, and though we had few opportunities to meet, we stayed in contact and remained best friends.

I was twelve when, finally alone with my mother, I had enough impatient autonomy to pursue my own wishes. I was granted permission to travel by train to Donna’s on weekends, and we resumed regular contact as if the years between had never intervened. Recent years have revealed our different perceptions of who was the leader and who was the follower – I maintain I followed her lead and she is convinced she followed mine. Even so, I am certain it was Donna who instituted two key rites of passage: smoking and Sherbet. Donna’s influence on me is irrefutably captured: in the Flashez clip I mimic her speech, a manner of speaking so notable that Chris James, Harvey’s girlfriend in 1977, and later his wife and the mother of their children, asked on Facebook if I still had ‘that unique accent’. I replied no, I didn’t, because it was not mine.

Our fondness for Sherbet reached hysteria during a summer holiday at my grandparents’ Maroubra flat. Somewhere amid excursions to the beach in knit bikinis to work on our tans and flirt with surfers, and lusty binges on lollies and fast food, we got focused about Sherbet. Donna had already declared Daryl Braithwaite her true love and another friend, Fiona, had laid claim to Garth Porter, so – Alan (Sandow), the drummer, being too bare-‐‑ and hairy-‐‑chested for my virginal liking and Tony (Mitchell), the bass player, being too dark and curly haired for my Anglo-‐‑child taste – I settled on Harvey, the replacement for founding member Clive Shakespeare.

MEERA ATKINSON: Child’s play 195

Tall and lean, with intelligent blue eyes, feathery honey-‐‑brown hair and an impish grin, Harvey became mine the moment we launched our project of pop paradise. We enlisted my grandmother to make us satin jackets of the kind favoured by Sherbet, with ‘Daryl’ and ‘Harvey’ embroidered on them. We wore them constantly, pasted posters on our bedroom walls, and listened to Sherbet songs over and over again. And when school resumed we spent every weekend together pining.

It wasn’t just about the music – though we liked the songs. It wasn’t so much about Harvey himself, though he was a good musician who turned out to be a good man. It was the instigation of adult desire, a ritual in girls’ tribal life: the teen celebrity crush. Sherbet offered a thrilling escape.

The year after we started high school – suburbs apart – Donna and I ramped up our commitment. It was no longer enough to listen to records and gaze on Sherbet’s backlit, big-‐‑haired, semi-‐‑nude form in glossy pictures. We had to meet them.

Sherbet were huge. The band were not manufactured, as charged, expressly for teenyboppers, but they attracted a big pre-‐‑teen and teen following. Some assume a child audience devalues music as the kind fit only for undeveloped, indiscriminating tastes, but at their best, like the Beatles and the Jackson 5, Sherbet produced pop that defied age. They had eleven top-‐‑ten singles, were the first Australian band to break the million-‐‑dollar sales barrier, and they appeared on Countdown more than any other band in the show’s history.

Sherbet put out their share of forgettable fodder, but their finest stand up: heartfelt everyman anthems like their ‘71 big-‐‑band, crowd-‐‑cheering cover of ‘Free the People’ (an early favourite); soft rock classics like ‘Slipstream’ and ‘Cassandra’; the delicately pretty ‘Only One You’; the bass-‐‑heavy ‘You’ve Got the Gun’; and the unapologetically sentimental ballad ‘If I Had My Way’.

In 1977, at the start of our all-‐‑out fandom, Sherbet were the biggest band in the country and you couldn’t get near them. Still, Donna and I were not average fans. We crossed the line to obsession. When Mike Meade interviewed us we were at the threshold:

Do you go to all their concerts?

Me: Yeah, most of them.

Donna: All that we can.

Do you follow them around?

Me: If we know where they’re going we do.

In what way do you try and catch up with them?

Donna: Find out where they live.

Do you know where they live?


Me: Yeah. We know where Harvey lives. We know where Garth lives. We know half of Garth’s phone number.

So, you know where they live. Have you been around there?

Me: No, not yet.

Toward the end of the interview, asked how we hoped to meet them, I reply with an earnest, ‘Any way we can. I’ve just got a feeling we’re going to meet them.’

Mike Meade replies wryly, ‘I still feel that way about the Beatles.’

Donna nudges me and whispers for me to tell him what Harvey said. I respond obediently: ‘Harvey says in this little book we’ve got – Sherbet or Harvey, I don’t know – your dreams can always come true if you believe your mind.’

‘And we believe our minds,’ concludes Donna.

WE BEGAN HANGING around EMI when we knew they were recording. We got autographs from most of them, but Daryl managed to evade us. Soon after we started spending every weekend staking out their houses. The weekends were crowded with other fans that had done their homework and had the moxie to loiter. Donna maintains that we were friendly to them and enjoyed a sense of camaraderie, but not without some bitchiness and jealousies. I recall a sense of competition, a drive to prove ourselves the biggest Sherbet fans ever.

Before long we were forging our mother’s signatures on sick notes and wagging school to stalk them unfettered by rivals. We’d meet at Central Station, then catch buses or hitchhike around Sydney in chase.

Our interest grew beyond tobacco, and there were various getting-‐‑high experiments in the nooks and crannies of Central – the Aspirin and Coke failure, and the smoking nutmeg disappointment. Eventually I managed to source a supply of joints. After smoking one we’d giggle irrepressibly for hours at everything and anything, up the back of buses, walking along the street, in people’s faces. We spent a lot of time at Garth’s in Watsons Bay, perhaps because it was in the nicest location. There was glass at the back of the house, and we’d watch Garth and his girlfriend, Mary, and sometimes the whole band, hoping they’d notice us – the biggest Sherbet fans ever – and reward us with their time and favour.

Harvey lived in Paddington, and we made personal contact with him several times from our many stakeouts. He was the sweetest to us, the one who seemed to see beyond the fan stereotype to the girls we were, the one who returned a little of our love.

‘The first time we knocked on his door and he opened it he knew who we were from the Flashez film clip. He was so happy to see us,’ Donna recalls. ‘He said something like “You’re the girls from the interview – that was fantastic!” and he had a big smile on his face.’


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

C()0/$0"9$,+('&-&-1&'($%*$(=%&"(@D#";$(H'+(5#'(I&(!'4&"$0"*;(9*-&(#"(C(/*0)2(@C(%*$&( $%0/( /#"42;( *")( >*'?&+( /*0)2( @I&( $##2;( *")( C( /=##"&)6( D#""*( 0"/0/$/( $%*$(>*'?&+(/*0)(%&(,#?&)($%&(/#"46( @<%&"&?&'(C(%&*'(0$( C( $%0"8(#5(>*'?&+6(C( ,#?&($%*$(/#"4("#=2;(/%&(/*+/6((

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

E%&'&(=*/( *()*'8( /0)&( $#( $%0/( 9*'&5'&&( '#,,0980"46(<&(1#$%( 5&,$( *( 9%0,,( '&9*,,0"4(."/&$$,0"4(&"9#."$&'/(*")(9,#/&(/%*?&/2(=%&"(=&(*99&3$&)(5##)2(-#"&+(#'(5*?#.'/(5'#-(/,&*Q+(1&"&5*9$#'/(1&5#'&(-*80"4(/3&&)+(4&$*=*+/2(,*.4%0"4(=0$%('&,0&5(*")(1'*?*)#( *$( $%&()*'8(3#$&"$0*,(=&(%*)( &,.)&)6( @<&(3.$( #.'/&,?&/( 0"( /.9%()*"4&'()0)";$(=&A;(D#""*("#=(/*+/(0"(%./%&)($#"&/6((

(OUR YEAR OF ZEALOUS( 5*")#-( &")&)( 4'*).*,,+6( C( ,&5$( /9%##,( -0)=*+($%'#.4%( $%&( /&9#")(+&*'(#5(%04%(/9%##,2(*")(1+( $%&( $0-&( C( ,&5$(%#-&(*$( 505$&&"( $#(9#--&"9&(-+( F.?&"0,&("#-*)09( $'*?&,/(D#""*(*")(C(%*)()'05$&)(*3*'$6(E%&("&L$(+&*'(C(-#?&)($#(R#")#"(*")(D#""*(-&$(C*"2($%&(1#+(=%#(,0?&)(50?&()##'/()#="S($%&+(=&"$(#"($#(-*''+(*")(%*?&($=#(9%0,)'&"6(C"($%&($%'&&()&9*)&/(/0"9&2(D#""*(*")(


Ian have lived not far from Concord, while I’ve lived eight of my nine lives in different states and countries, in six long-‐‑term relationships. ‘Our lives just took a different path, didn’t they?’ Donna observes.

Our lives also took a different path regarding Sherbet. Donna remained a staunch, lifelong fan, while I went on to disown my Sherbet roots in Sydney’s 1980s post-‐‑punk live music scene. Keeping company with indie musicians I forgot my soft-‐‑rock past, as my childhood best friend, Donna Rowlands, became Mrs Donna Shelton.

Donna and Ian regularly go see Daryl’s band play and she still listens to Sherbet. ‘That time of being thirteen was magic, but also I really love their music. I think they were so talented and their music was meaningful. I often come home and put Sherbet on and dance around the kitchen,’ she says.

She tells her family Daryl’s her boyfriend and asks her indulgent man if she can take Daryl home as they leave his shows. The kids roll their eyes and groan good-‐‑humoured complaints about her fascination with ‘Stale Braithwaite’. ‘I still love Daryl,’ she says. ‘And I love that I’ve got a husband who is kind and that has always let me have my Daryl fantasy.’

After Harvey’s death I wondered if Donna had heard the news. When I called I found her distraught that she had missed out on tickets to the ‘Gimme that Guitar’ Harvey James tribute show, a fundraiser Harvey helped organise but which became a musical memorial following his sooner-‐‑than-‐‑expected death.

I promised to see what I could do. I posted a YouTube link to the Flashez clip on the ‘Send Your Love’ page, with a plea for tickets. The clip had become a cultural icon. Donna discovered it in a Powerhouse Museum exhibit on the history of Australian rock years back and it aired recently on Rage. Debbie Kruger, the show’s publicist, responded: the event had sold out, so it had been moved to the Enmore Theatre and more tickets had been released. Many fans were delighted to hear from us, ‘the Flashez girls’. Donna and Ian shouted me a ticket, and the following week we met up for our first outing and Sherbet show in decades.

It was billed as the last Sherbet reunion ever, and part of every ticket sold was donated to the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the rest to Harvey’s family. Libby Gore, the comedian and an unabashed Sherbet fan, was MC for a time-‐‑warp line-‐‑up that included Kevin Borich, Jon English, Leo Sayer, Ian Moss and Richard Clapton. But Sherbet stole the show. With Daryl’s voice in outstanding form, the old tunes received more than just nostalgic appreciation. Gabe James (Harvey’s eldest) joined on guitar for ‘I Have the Skill’, a favourite of his dad’s, and younger brother Josh added his weight to ‘Howzat’. The finale, a cover of the Beatles’ ‘With a Little Help from My Friends’, requested by Harvey and performed by a stage full of his friends, colleagues and family, was steeped in warm remembrance and grief.


As Donna danced I marvelled at the men present in AC/DC and Ramones T-‐‑shirts. I was surprised to bump into Steve Lorkin – ex-‐‑Psychotic Turnbuckles and chief of an indie label that hosted the likes of Johnny Dole and the Scabs, boasting a Radio Birdman T-‐‑shirt. When I said I wouldn’t have picked him for a Sherbet fan, he replied that he liked ‘more embarrassing stuff than Sherbet’.

It turned out that Harvey’s family loved the Flashez clip, and Donna and I were ushered past tight security to post-‐‑show VIP drinks. Understandably emotional, Chris James and Harvey’s kids nevertheless greeted us, and their entourage of friends and family members seemed as excited to meet us as we once were to meet Sherbet. Chris, who remembered us from our Underwood Street stalking, told us that she had ‘loved every minute’ of being a Sherbet guy’s babe and had never minded fans like us, and Alexandra explained that our clip was special to her and her brothers because, as they were born well after Harvey’s Sherbet superstardom, they hadn’t understood how big his band had been. Our clip, she said, made them feel like they could go back in time and be part of their father’s world. Watching the clip now I am amused and moved, awed by our innocence and excruciatingly embarrassed.

The Sherbet catalogue is undeniably significant in Australian music. It is the soundtrack to an era when the lucky country was still somewhat adolescent (as well as ignorant and awkward): a nation not yet on the world stage, not yet digitised and wired, isolated in its own summery postcolonial puberty.

Ultimately, my love of Sherbet, and all that I did in the name of that love, was about friendship. Donna was my solace, my partner in playful crime and the place where I could most be what I needed to be – a child. And so it is gratitude for Donna and her loyalty and companionship that I feel most keenly and tenderly when I watch those two besotted girls declaring their undying love of Sherbet.

Donna’s most vivid memory is of me looking at her and singing 10CC’s ‘The Things We Do for Love,’ the theme song for our misadventures. ‘If I hear it now,’ she says, ‘I think of you singing it to me.

Meera Atkinson is a Sydney-based writer. Her poetry, fiction and essays have appeared in such publications as HEAT, Salon.com, The Best Australian Stories 2007 and Meanjin. This is her seventh piece in Griffith REVIEW.


Future Editions of Griffith REVIEW

Griffith REVIEW’s highly anticipated Third Annual Fiction Edition explores islands, both geographical and personal. This assortment of new fiction from the best emerging and established writers from Australia and the region promises a unique summer journey into localities of exclusivity, escape and enchantment.

Available late October 2011

Griffith REVIEW Edition 35: SurvivingExploring disaster and renewal

In an ever more populous, urbanised and media-saturated world, it can feel as if the rate and scale of disasters is straight out of a doomsday movie. Inured by daily reports and images of devastation, it’s easy to lapse into compassion fatigue and a pattern of short-term responses or quick technological ‘fixes’.

Yet behind the statistics, official inquiries and memorial ceremonies, there are complex stories of renewal and hope as survivors and the generations that follow respond to shock, grief and the prospect of constructing a new life or community.

Surviving will explore stories of our ability to adapt, survive and thrive in response to challenge.

Available February 2012

Text Publishing, Melbourne AustraliaTEXTPUBLISHING.COM.AU

OUT IN

AUGUST

‘The depths of human suffering and perseverance are conveyed through memory and music, as Zable travels through hearts

and landscapes scarred by war. A wonderfully complex, sad and beautiful read.’ Bookseller+Publisher ★★★★

‘Arnold Zable is a long-distance athlete among novelists, and his command of his material is superb.’ Canberra Times

‘Zable has a remarkable gift…He holds pain with unsettling gentleness. His prose is such good company that

you accept its honesty.’ Age

Text Publishing, Melbourne AustraliaTEXTPUBLISHING.COM.AU

‘Every Australian, both rural and urban, should read this book. Adrian Hyland pulls no punches in describing the

harrowing consequences of living on the planet's driest and most fi re-prone continent, and his account of the disastrous

Black Saturday fi res is a story of courage, dread and fallibility that will never leave you.’

CATE KENNEDY

OUT IN

AUGUST

‘Style and substance sit easily together.’ Weekend Herald

GriffithReview33 SuCH iS life

Suc

h iS Life

GriffithR

eview

33

MeMOiRDeBra aDelaiDe: not for official useMeera aTKinSon: Child’s playDaViD Carlin: The true history of the Circusanna DorrinGTon: My mother and mereBeCCa ePSTein: My last-ditch attemptMeloDy l fuller: Going to Washington, DCraiMonD GaiTa: Deep connections, artistic inevitabilitiesBrian GeaCH: DenzilMarion HalliGan: The cigar boxKaTe HolDen: after the wordsSHaKira HuSSein: nine-eleven-itislloyD joneS: looking backToni jorDan: Waking upVirGinia lloyD: never stop lookinganDreW SanT: on self-knowledgejulianne SCHulTZ: Storytelling, sense-makingCarrie Tiffany: StrikerjoHn TranTer: familyCarolijn ViSSer: The veiled bride

eSSAYPeTer BiSHoP: adventures of the letter ia j BroWn: The living subjectfranK MoorHouSe: Beyond stigmaMaria TuMarKin: Beyond truth and justice

RePORTAGe MaTTHeW riCKeTSon: The blind side

POeTRY SanDra GolDBlooM ZurBo: Heart’s dreamlaura jan SHore: Hospice

PicTuRe GALLeRYKonraD WinKler: leila: losing frank

griffithreview.comread more SuCH iS life articles online and purchase previous digital and print editions

A quARTeRLY Of wRiTinG & ideAS33

debra Adelaide Peter Bishop Raimond Gaita Marion halliganKate holden

Shakira husseinLloyd Jones frank Moorhouse carrie Tiffany Maria Tumarkin and more

SuCH iS life

GR33_cover_PT.indd 1 10/06/11 2:00 PM

SuCH iS life - Griffith ReviewGriffith REVIEW seems to get better with age.’ Sydney Morning Herald...

Documents

Transcript of SuCH iS life - Griffith ReviewGriffith REVIEW seems to get better with age.’ Sydney Morning Herald...