Subsurface monitoring aspects of CO2 storage in a … monitoring...Subsurface monitoring aspects of...
Transcript of Subsurface monitoring aspects of CO2 storage in a … monitoring...Subsurface monitoring aspects of...
Subsurface monitoring aspects of CO2
storage in a saline aquifer Peter Rowbotham, Steve Furnival, Craig Webster, Iulia Wright,
Alastair Brown (AGR TRACS), Rohan De Silva (NGC)
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Overview
“5/42” store characterisation & modelling
Aspects of MMV (measurement monitoring and verification)
Need to demonstrate that the injected CO2 is contained
within the geological store during and after injection
4D seismic feasibility
Microseismic feasibility
Conclusions
2 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
CCS Infrastructure: Yorkshire & Humber
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Characterisation of 5/42
2010-12 Regional screening studies
2012-15 Detailed characterisation of 5/42
2013 NGC drilled & tested UK’s first dedicated Carbon Capture
& Storage appraisal well, 42/25d-3 funded by EEPR & ETI
Extensive log, core and testing programme – DEVEX 2014
4 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
5/42 Top Bunter Depth Surface
5
200 – 250 m thick
>1000 m deep
Massive saline aquifer in Bunter Sandstone of UK SNS
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Phi – 15-25%
K – 10-1000mD
Data Acquisition in 42/25d-3
(presented at DEVEX 2014)
6
The most comprehensive
data gathering program
in a UK well for years
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Modelling of 5/42
Seal provided by
Haisborough Gp
halites / shales
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Stratigraphy Reservoir/SealThickness
Lias
Keuper Anhydrite
Muschelkalk Halite
Rot Clay
Bunter Shale
Zechstein Halite
Top Triassic
Top Lias
Seal117m
Seal800m
Seal1700m
Reservoir274m
Rot Halite
Top Dudgeon Formation
Top Dowsing Formation
Haisborough Group
0-300m
Dowsing Shale
Bunter Sandstone
~ 1000m depth
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Ba
cto
n
Gro
up
Hais
bo
rough
Gro
up
Plan for First Load is injection
of 2.68 Mt/yr for 20 years.
Reservoir models predict
CO2 moves to structural crest
Injection downdip
within Bunter
Sandstone
Overview
“5/42” store characterisation & modelling
Aspects of MMV (measurement monitoring and verification)
4D seismic feasibility
Microseismic feasibility
Conclusions
8 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
MMV objectives
Need to demonstrate through monitoring that the
injected CO2 is contained within the geological store
during and after injection
Comparison of actual vs modelled CO2 plume migration
Verification of well and reservoir integrity
9 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Metering of injected CO2 & permanent in-well
monitoring (e.g. pressure, temperature) for injectivity
Campaigns of geophysical monitoring, well logging
Monitoring technologies screening
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Technology Used For
Re
liab
ility
Inst
alla
tio
n /
Bas
elin
e C
ost
Mai
nte
nan
ce /
Re
pe
at C
ost
Be
ne
fit
2D Time Lapse Survey Plume migration
Swath Time Lapse Survey Plume migration
3D Time Lapse Survey Plume migration
Vertical Seismic Profiling Limited application Not considered
Micro Seismic – Sea Bed Integrity
Cross Well Seismic Limited application Not considered
Magneto-Telluric Limited application Not considered
CSEM Limited application Not considered
Gravity – Sea Bed Plume migration
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Integrity
Landers (Sea Bed Monitoring) Integrity
Well / Production Logging Integrity
Wellhead Pressure Injection rate / integrity
Wellhead Temperature Injection rate / integrity
Surface Volumetric Flow Rate Injection rate
Downhole Pressure Gauges Injection rate / integrity
Downhole Temperature Gauges Injection rate / integrity
Distributed Temperature Sensing Injection profile
Distributed Acoustic Sensing Integrity
Downhole Flow Monitoring Injection rate
In-Well Micro Seismic Integrity
In-Well Gravity Limited application Not considered
Reliability, cost and benefit
Technology
Purpose
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Remote
sensing
Wells
Reliable
Cheap
Meaningful
‘Reasonably’
‘Issues’
Poor reliability
Expensive
Little benefit
4D seismic feasibility through modelling
PEM 1. Used log-derived regressions and
Gassmann equations to compute Porosity/
NTG/Saturation changes to elastic properties
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The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
PEM 2. Laboratory acoustic travel time
testing, cycling over pore pressure to derive
pressure change effects on elastic properties
Static/dynamic reservoir model
Por
Petro-Elastic Model
NTG
Vp/Vs/Rho1
Sat1
Press1
Syn(2-1)
Syn1 Syn2
Vp/Vs/Rho2
Sat2
Press2
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
-100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00
She
ar M
od
ulu
s (G
Pa)
Effective Stress (bar)
Mu(p) Gpa
Sample 21
Sample E16
4D seismic feasibility – Pressure change effects
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PEM 2. Laboratory acoustic travel time testing, cycling over pore
pressure to derive pressure change effects on elastic properties
FracTech Laboratories
42/25d-3 core plugs
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
-100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00
Bu
lk M
od
ulu
s (G
Pa)
Effective Stress (bar)
K(p) GPa
Sample 21
Sample E16
4D seismic feasibility
Can AVO separate out pressure & saturation effects?
EEI_S1
Syn_EEI_S(2-1)
EEI_S2 EEI_P1 EEI_P2
Syn_EEI_P(2-1)
EEI sensitivity to
Pressure/Saturation
from logs AI
GI
↑CO2
↑Press
EEI_S=AI(cosχ) + GI(sinχ)
χ
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
13
Por
Petro-Elastic Model
NTG
Vp/Vs/Rho1
Sat1
Press1
Syn(2-1)
Syn1 Syn2
Vp/Vs/Rho2
Sat2
Press2
Static/dynamic reservoir model
4D dynamic modelling
Saturation and Pressure after 20 years
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Saturation Pressure
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
4D seismic modelling Saturation, Pressure, Impedance
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EEI_S AI EEI_P
Saturation Pressure
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
After 20 years
4D seismic modelling Saturation, Pressure, Synthetics
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Saturation Pressure
Syn_EEI_S(20-0) Syn_AI(20-0) Syn_EEI_P(20-0)
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
After 20 years
17
At end of injection
5 years after end of injection
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
4D seismic modelling
highlighting pressure signal relaxation
Syn_EEI_S(n-0) Syn_AI(n-0) Syn_EEI_P(n-0)
Conclusions on Time-lapse seismic
High amplitude sensitivity to modelled saturation changes
Large seismic contrast between CO2 and brine in pore space
Low amplitude sensitivity to modelled pressure changes
Open system, large aquifer
Time-lapse seismic is an effective tool for monitoring CO2
plume migration
18
The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Microseismic addresses MMV objectives
Need to demonstrate through monitoring that the
injected CO2 is contained within the geological store
during and after injection
Comparison of actual vs modelled CO2 plume migration
Verification of well and reservoir integrity
19 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Microseismic
20 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Feasibility study
Wavefields
Sensitivity
Location
accuracy
Distance (m)
De
pth
(m
)
Velocity
profile Seabed detectors
Microseismic event
Microseismic
21 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
Feasibility study
Wavefields
Sensitivity
Location
accuracy
Seabed array would have sensitivity to events > -1.1 magnitude at
Top Bunter in area of interest
(-2–0 is nano event, length scale 1-10m, displacement 40-400 µm)
Conclusions & Discussion
Requirement of a MMV plan is to demonstrate that
Injected CO2 is contained within the geological store
During and after injection
Comparison of actual vs modelled CO2 migration – 4D
Verification of well and reservoir integrity - Microseismic
22 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Longer timelines than typical N Sea projects
Importance of acquiring baseline data
e.g. baseline 2D/3D seismic; background seismicity
MMV plan is reviewed annually in light of data acquired
Acknowledgements
The EU’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
(EEPR) for funding the Don Valley Power Project and
both EEPR and the Energy Technologies Institute for
funding the first CCS appraisal well in UK waters
Tim Wynn, Scott Dingwall & Simon Wright
Frederic Fortier & Christophe Maisons (Magnitude)
Everyone who has been involved with this project over
the last 5+ years
23 The Don Valley CCS Project is co-financed by the European Union’s European Energy Programme for Recovery
The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author.
The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Thanks & Questions