Substation Methodology

7/29/2019 Substation Methodology

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2. METHODOLOGY FOR SUBSTATION WORKS

1. SUBSTATIONS WORKS

2. SITE MANAGER & SUBSTATIONS WORKS DEFINITIONS

3. SUPPRESSION OF VOLTAGE

4. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS

AND MACHINERY

5. GENERAL LAYING OUT WORKS

6. EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

7. TRENCH EXCAVATION

8. CONCRETING, FILLING AND COMPACTING TRENCHES

9. INSTALLATION OF DUCTS IN TRENCHES

10. EXECUTION OF MANHOLES

11. FOUNDATIONS AND CONCRETING

12. FORMWORK AND STRIPPING

13. WORKS WITH STEEL REINFORCEMENT BARS (REBARS)

14. SIDINGS AND ROOFINGS

15. MASONRY WORKS

16. PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS

17. INSTALLATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

18. INSTALLATION OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS19. INSTALLATION OF THE TRANSFORMER

20. INSTALLATION OF CELLS

21. CABLE SPOOL STORAGE AND INSTALLATION.

22. CABLE LAYING AND CONNECTIONS

23. CABINET ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL AND OPERATING

CABLING.

24. GROUNDING NETWORK

25. PERMANENT ELECTRICAL system.

26. TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL system on SITE.27. ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS

28. OXYACETYLENE WELDING WORKS

29. WORKS AT HEIGHT

30. EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY AND TOOLS

31. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

32. DISCONNECTION AND WORK ORDERS. (General

principles).

33. WORK IN PROXIMITY TO LIVE INSTALLATIONS.

34. ORDER AND CLEANLINESS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES35. MANUAL HANDLING OF LOADS


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1. SUBSTATIONS WORKS

The works that GENUS POWER INFRA STRUCTURE LTD.will be carried out are thefollowing ones:

- Excavation and earthworks

- Ditch excavation for Cable Trenches, Earth Grid and Auxiliary Services

- Cable Trenches concreting, filling and compaction

- Pipe installation in ditch

- Foundations/concreting

- Formwork and stripping

- Brickworks

- Plumbing installation

- Air-conditioning installation

- Fire protection installation

- Electromechanical assembly

- Cable laying and connections

- Transformer assembly

2. SITE MANAGER & SUBSTATIONS WORKS DEFINITIONS

Site Manager is the person who is present during the works and manages this

by appointment or designation of the GENUS POWER INFRA STRUCTURE

LTD.Construction Manager.

The Site Manager will confirm creation of the Protected Area in the installation,

checking:

Opening with an effective cut-off of all possible sources of voltage.

Blocking and signage of the cutting apparatus controls. Verification of the absence of voltage.

Earthing and short-circuiting to demarcate the Protected Area.

To create the Working Area, the Site Manager will perform the following:

Verify the absence of voltage in all the conductive parts which affect the Working

Area.

Screening if the Safety distances are not complied with.

Earthing and short-circuiting on both sides of all the phases which enter the

place where the work is being carried out, once the absence of voltage has beenchecked.

Physical demarcation and signage of the area taking into account the

minimum distances that will be observed with the voltage elements, by placing

signs, barricade tapes, clearance gauge, etc.


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Hazardous area or voltage working area.

This is defined as the space around the voltage elements in which the presence of anunprotected worker entails a serious and imminent risk of an electric arc or direct contact

with a voltage element, taking into account the workers normal movements and

gestures, without moving from one place to another.

Where no physical barrier is installed to guarantee protection against this risk, the

distance from this voltage element to this areas outside limit will be that shown in the

following table.

Only members of the HOT LINE WORKING TEAM AND/OR

ESPECIALLY APPOINTED PERSONNEL are qualified to work in the hazardous

area.

P r o x im it y A re a

Demarcated space around the hazardous area, from which the worker can accidentally

invade the latter.

Where no physical barrier which guarantees protection against the electric hazard

is installed, the distance from the voltage element to the outside limit of this area will be

that indicated in the following table.

P r o xim ity w o r king

Work during which the worker enters, or can enter, the proximity area, but without

entering the hazardous area, either with a part of the body, or with the tools, equipment,

devices or materials being handled.

A utho r iz e d w o r k e r

A worker who has been authorized by the employer to carry out certain tasks with

electric hazards, based on their capacity to perform these correctly, in accordance with

the procedures provided by Royal Decree 614/2001.

Q u a li f ie d w o r k e r

An authorized worker who possesses specialized know-how relating to electric

installations, due to their accredited professional or university training, or certified

experience of two or more years. In H.V. work in the proximity of voltage this worker

will be responsible for determining feasibility of the work taking into account that the

workers will remain outside the hazardous area.

P r ot ec te d area

In a discharge installation, this is the area in which the limits are defined by the earthing

and short-circuiting placed between the cut-offs, whether in proximity thereto or not. It

is never considered to be a working area.

W o r k ing Area .

This is the area defined and marked out by the GPIL Site Manager and assigned thereby


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to the staff for whom he is responsible. It is normally defined by the work earthings.

S afe ty M ee tin g s .

Prior to commencement of the work the Site Manager will meet with the staff for

whom he is responsible to inform them of the contents of this document. This meeting

will form part of the Training received by the workers.If necessary, this meeting will

determine the discharges that will be requested and the dates on which these will be

performed. Likewise the material storage areas and access areas to the work points will

be defined.

Minutes of this meeting will be taken and each participant will sign their attendance at

the meeting.

S afe ty D ist a n ce .

In High and Medium Voltage installations the minimum distance that will be maintained

with regards to a bare voltage element is called the Safety Distance (measured

between the closest voltage point and any end part of the operative or tool used thereby).

Maintaining sufficient minimum distances is an essential factor in prevention of

accidents of an electrical nature.

The safety distance depends

on:

The voltage level of theinstallation.

The operatives

training.

The method of work and organization

thereof.

The minimum safety distance depends on the line voltage and on the distance of the line

supports. When the temperature increases, the conductors lengthen and therefore the

distance from the ground is reduced. This can be reduced by various metres in the event

of a strong increase in temperature. Wind causes the conductors to swing, the width of

which can also extend to various metres.

The most unfavourable placement will always be considered.

For work outside the limit of the start of the electric hazard the following requirements

will be complied with:

All employees may work, that is, those who have not received any training relating

to electric hazards. However, before commencing work, they will receive verbal

instructions relating to the electric hazards involved in the installation work.

The Site Manager will check that unqualified personnel cannot enter the limit of the

start of the electric hazard.

Work can be performed in distances less than the start of the electrical hazard:

- Qualified workers will perform electrical work. Qualified workers are

understood to be those with a minimum experience in electrical work in H.V.

installations and who have received training in electric hazards.


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- For start-up of the elevation apparatus one of the following safety measures

will be adopted:

- Insulation of bare conductors: placement and removal of theinsulation will be performed by the owner of the line.


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- Limiting movement of transfer, rotation and elevation by

mechanical stop devices.

- Limiting the work area of the devices by means of protectionbarriers.

- These demarcate the minimum distance between the device and

the line.

P rotection blocks and bar riers

For vehicles, such as cranes, diggers, excavators, etc., the areas which will not be

crossed will be indicated by means of placing barriers which prevent all contact with

parts under voltage. These barriers will be safely secured and resist the usual

mechanical strengths.

Protection barriers are constructions generally formed by vertically placed supports, the

foot of which is solidly secured in the ground, braced by means of cables, joined by

rails or planks. The rails or planks will prevent access to the hazardous area.

The maximum vertical space between the rails or planks will not exceed 1.00 m.

Instead of placing rails or planks, retention cables can be used with the appropriate

signage.

The cables will always be well tightened. The vertical space between the tension cables

will not exceed 0.50 m.

3. SUPPRESSION OF VOLTAGE:

1. Open, with a visible cut, all sources of voltage, by means of switches and breakers

which ensure that no unforeseen closing of the source is possible.

2. Jamming or blocking if this is possible, of the cutting apparatus:

- Mechanically: using safety locks, locking pins, padlocks, etc.- Electrically: using fuses, breakers, etc.

Signage of the apparatus controls: using standardized signs and placing these on the

activation controls of the cutting devices with the words: Operations prohibited,

work in progress.

3. Verifying the absence of voltage.

In all the installations active element and as near as possible to the work area.

Using appropriate voltage detectors.


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To confirm the absence of voltage in insulated cables or conductors which might be

confused with others present in the working area, use devices which act on the

conductors such as: cable cutters, etc.

Use of Personal Protection Equipment appropriate for the work being carried out.

4. Earthing and short-circuiting of all possible sources of voltage.

5. Signage of the working area.

Demarcate the working areas using tapes, fences, chains, etc.

Signal the cutting apparatus controls and the areas defined for performance of the

work.

Signs which indicate obstacles and hazardous areas have yellow and black or red

and white borders at an angle of 45. Those which indicate work areas are

triangular in shape with a black pictogram on a yellow background with black

edges.

P rocedure for r e-en er giza tion:

This will commence when the work has been completed and workers, materials or tools

no longer been required have been removed from the area.

Withdrawal of the earthing and short-circuiting.

The cut out devices will be unblocked.

The signage and protection of the work area will be removed.

The circuits will be closed to replace the voltage.

4. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS AND

MACHINERY

4.1 Transport of Material

Vehicles used to transport materials will comply exactly with the provisions of the

traffic code, paying particular attention to the following points:

Materials will be perfectly secured to the vehicle box or chassis, by means of straps and

slings, to prevent them from slipping or falling.

They will not protrude from the box in excess of the legally stipulated distance. If they

do protrude this will be perfectly indicated and in no case they may protrude

transversally.


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Transport within the work site will be performed with vehicles authorized by Isolux

Ingeniera, S.A., and following the Construction Managers instructions.

The weight of the load will not exceed the weight authorized by the official bodies, and

in no case will the technical features of the vehicle be exceeded.

During the transport the driver will be responsible for both the vehicle and the materials

transported.

4.2 Storage of Materials

A cce ss R o a ds

Before storing materials in the work site, the land will be checked in order to choose

the best access road or, if necessary, the repair or contruction of one access road.

The access tracks or roads will be sufficiently wide to avoid scrapes and collisions of

both materials and of personnel working on site.

Likewise, care will be taken to ensure that the slopes are not steep, in order to ensure

that the vehicles or materials do not fall or roll over due to a change in their centre of

gravity.

Construction of these access roads will be performed with the appropriate machines and

equipment, in accordance with the volume and requirements of the works. It will also

be recommendable to place signs to prevent confusion and unnecessary manoeuvres

which result in time being wasted.

The machinists will be specialized professionals, and the machines may only be used

by personnel who are authorized and duly trained in their handling and maintenance.

L o a di n g a nd unlo a di n g m a ter ia ls

If carried out with mechanical resources, these operations will be directed by the

machinist who will be responsible for both the vehicle and the materials.

Loading and unloading will be performed with the appropriate resources, and both

polyester straps and steel slings, covered in plastic to prevent scrapes, will be provided.

If the load protrudes from the box and is driven along roads, the regulations established

in the traffic code will be taken into account and any possible protrusions of the load

will be signalled.

When loading and unloading materials it is compulsory to use the helmet, safety

footwear and gloves.

M a nu a l lo a ding a nd unl o a ding

Handling and transporting loads manually can cause muscular injuries, mainly in the

back, as well as entrapment of limbs, cuts, abrasions, etc.

Handling materials, tools or objects will be performed in a rational manner, and any

efforts in excess of a persons physical capacity will be avoided. Special care will be

taken in the coordination of movements in order to avoid overexertion and entrapments.Manual loads will not exceed 25 kg,, and only in occasional situations which do not


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involve any risks, handling loads of up to 40 kg may be permitted.

The following series of basic rules will therefore be observed:

- Restrict manual transport to small loads

- Correct posture and securing

- Keep the back straight and take the greatest part of the strain by flexing-

stretching the legs

- Use correct PPEs: gloves, boots, etc.

When an operation is performed by a number of workers, only one will be responsible

for the manoeuvre.

Loading and unloading reels will be performed with the help of ropes and ramps,

rolling the reels on the two edges. No operative will stand in front of the reel while it is

being moved. If the reels are not going to be used, they will be lain down to prevent

them from rolling, and if they are supported on the edges, they will be perfectly secured

on both sides.

Loadin g with mechanic al resourc es

Lifting loads with mechanical resources involves, among others, risks due to the fall of

heavy objects, becoming trapped or knocked, as a result of failures in the crane or in the

fastening elements. Electrical accidents can also occur as a result of direct contacts orelectric arcs.

The following rules will therefore be complied with:

- Prior analysis of the manoeuvre to be performed, location and movement of

machinery taking especially into account the safety distances and live elements.

- The machine will earthed and well stabilized on firm ground.

- The fastening elements to be used will be checked: slings, straps, hooks, shackles,

etc. checking their condition and that the work load is indicated and is appropriate

for the manoeuvre to be performed.

- The load will be secured so that it maintains a stable position, and all the slings

support equal loads.

- As far as possible placing the slings directly on pointed edges will be avoided.

- We will aim to use a type of securing that does not reduce the load on the slings.

- The Works Manager will perform a detailed follow-up of the manoeuvre, the

hoisting will be performed slowly and no people will be allowed to pass under or

remain in the load hoisting area, expect when the load is received.

- No loads which exceed those indicated in the machine load diagram will be hoisted.

The load limiter will not be cancelled or inoperable.- In the event of a storm or strong winds (of around 60 km/h), the work with cranes


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will be interrupted.

- The crane will never be left with the engines running or with a load.

- The hoisting of persons in cages or baskets not designed for this purpose is

prohibited.

S to ra g e o f m a ter i a ls

Materials will be stored rationally in a manner that prevents them from collapsing or

sliding.

Insulator boxes will be placed on top of each other, inserting wedges in their sides to

prevent the boxes from sliding or falling.

Tower assembly iron will be stored classified by size, without stacking excessive

amounts that may lead to deformation.

Materials which due to their fragile nature or function so require will be properly

packaged and protected, thereby preventing damage due to scraping or impact from

other materials. They will also be marked with a sign requesting caution when

handling or transporting.

5. GENERAL LAYING OUT WORKS

Climbing or accessing via areas with a steep slope will be avoided, unless properly

attached to a fall prevention system (lifeline, fall arrest device and safety harness).

The entire work team will use special anti-slip boots for avoiding falls down slopes andsame-level falls.

All inspection or laying-out works at a height will be performed with a fall prevention

system (lifeline, fall arrest device and safety harness).

Access to formwork areas or heights of factory structures and constructions for

inspections or data recording will be via the stipulated staircases or other suitable access

means, such as tubular structures (fixed ladders).

Laying-out works may not be performed on the structures until the edges and gaps are

protected with the corresponding railings or nets for covering the gaps.

During laying-out works, persons will not remain in areas with risk of falling objects.

Work teams will be notified of the presence of persons and avoid using tools until the

area is clear.

When hammering down pegs with the aid of long strike plates, gloves and strike plates

with hand guards will be used.

It will be avoided the use of strike plates with deformations in the impact area due to the

risk of projection of steel particles to the face and eyes. Safety glassess will be usedduring these operations.


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Laying-out teams will not stay in worksites with moving machinery and areas where

material is delivered in trucks, maintaining the distance to the layingout work agreed bythe Management and the Construction Manager.

In worksites where it is necessary to perform inspections with machinery in operation

and in motion, these inspections will be preferably performed after stopping the

construction process for a moment, facing the machine at all times.

Before performing laying-out works, the presence of electrical cables and other affected

services will be checked to prevent direct or indirect contact with them.

Laying-out works in traffic areas will be performed wearing reflective vests and, in

case of high traffic risk, with the aid of sign bearers.

Dielectric survey rods will be used.

A first-aid kit will be kept in the vehicle at all times, including anti-inflammatories for

insect bites.

6. EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

All affected services, whether water, gas or electricity, that may be present within the

radius of the excavation works will be perfectly located, arranging their re-routing or

shut-down with the corresponding supply company.

If unexpected underground ducts or services are encountered, works will stop

immediately and an urgent notification will be sent to the Construction Management.

Works may be re-started when determined by the Construction Management.

Before starting the works, the work site will be inspected for possible cracks or earth

movements.

Truck scoop loading operations will be directed by the supervisor.

It is forbidden to work or watch the works within the radius of action of the arm of an

earth moving machine.

In general, in excavation works the necessary precautions will be taken to preventcollapses according to the nature and condition of the land and the way of performing

the works.

If water is present on site, it will be immediately removed to prevent ground alterations

that may affect the stability of the slopes.

The excavation front made by machine may not exceed more than one meter the

maximum height of attack of the machine's arm.

The front and vertical walls of an excavation will always be inspected by the supervisor

when starting or stopping the works, marking the points that will be touched before

starting or stopping the works.


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All work on the foot of a slope will stop whenever the necessary stability conditions are

not fulfilled.

Work at the foot of shorings that are not firm or have an uncertain stability will stop. In

this case, before any more work is performed, the shoring will be reinforced or braced.

Special care will be paid to any elements present near the work areas whose support

bases may be damaged by the excavation, such as trees, electricity posts, etc.

The walls of the excavation will be carefully inspected after heavy rainfall or freezing

weather, landslides, or when work is interrupted for more than one day.

Working at the foot of unstable slopes is forbidden.

Storing earth or materials less than two metres from the edge of the excavation is

forbidden, to prevent overloads and possible earth collapses.

Materials will not be stacked in transit areas, removing any objects that hinder passage.

Vehicles will not travel closer than 4 metres from the excavation edge.

Mudholes will be avoided whenever possible.

The area of action of each machine in its worksite will be delimited. Whenever a

stopped vehicle or machine begins an unexpected movement, it will emit an acoustic

signal.

When vehicles move backward or in low visibility conditions, an operator will provide

assistance from outside the vehicle. These precautions will be especially observed

when the vehicle or moves to a different worksite or when vehicle paths cross.When a load transport vehicle will approach the excavation edge during or after

excavation work, safety blocks will be placed after checking the resistance of the

ground to the weight of the vehicle.

In material dumping operations with trucks, an assistant will direct operations to prevent

running over persons.

Excavation machines will have a roll bar.

Earth and materials will not be stored less than two metres from the edge of the trench,

which will be suitable marked.

Avoid accumulating materials or other heavy objects near the edge of the trenches. Ifthis is inevitable, take measures to prevent the walls from collapsing and the materials

or objects falling into the trench.

If the work requires illumination, use insulated and grounded turrets with outdoor

spotlights powered by a general work electrical board.

If the work requires portable illumination, use 24-volt lamps. Portable lamps will have a

protective mesh and electrically insulated casing and handle.

Workers working in trenches will be separated from each other by at least 1 metre.


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7. TRENCH EXCAVATION

Excavation earths will be kept away from the trench to prevent stones and rubble from

falling into the trenches.

Particular care will be paid to any elements present near the work areas which can have

their support bases damaged by the excavation, such as trees, curbs, lampposts,

electricity posts, etc. When appropriate, brace or anchor these elements to prevent them

from falling.

The entry of surface water into the trench will be avoided. Drainage of deep trenches

will be performed according to the solutions foreseen in the Technical Documentation

and/or requesting complementary Documentation from the Project Management.

When the machine will be placed above the area to excavate and at the edge of

excavations, if the ground allows, a retrodigger will be used or refining will beperformed manually.

If an unforeseen electrical line is found, some of the following preventive measures will

be adopted immediately:

Stop excavation works near the line.

Uncover the line manually without damaging it and exercising great care.

Protect the line to prevent damaging it, prevent access of personnel to the area

and inform the supply company.

A supervisor of the supply company will be present in all works performed

near live lines.

Works near gas conducts will be performed in a manner that prevents breaking the

conducts, with the means necessary to ensure that workers' lives are not in danger in

case of leaks.

Machines or compression hammers may not be used under any conditions for

excavation near gas pipes in service.

As a rule, if the location of the gas pipe is perfectly known, excavations with machine

or compression hammer will be stopped one meter from the pipe containing gas.

The rest of the excavation works will be performed by hand, using shovels or hoes and

not pickaxes if the ground allows. To remove earth less than 0.5 m. from the gas pipe,

the supply company will be asked to cut off supply and bleed the affected pipe segment.

The pipe will not be undermined until it has been suspended from elements calculated

specifically to prevent deformation and cracking of the pipe.

No excavation earth or any other materials will be accumulated next to the edge of the

excavation. A distance of at least twice the depth of the excavation at the corresponding

edge will be observed, unless otherwise authorised for each case by the Project

Management.

An inlet and outlet channel will be established for material storage and clearing units.

A work pace will be established that prevents accumulations.


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Work from the higher level to the lower level to use the force of gravity.

Control dust by spraying water periodically.

In intersections with other vehicles, the latter vehicles will stop.

Earth Extraction and TransportAll safety elements of subcontracted or rented machinery will be revised before being

used on site, requiring an updated maintenance book and a certificate showing revision

by an authorised mechanical garage.

The maximum load specified for each vehicle will not be exceeded.

Vehicles will not carry persons outside the driver's cab or carry more persons than the

number of seats of the vehicle.

The vehicle's access paths and routes will be indicated.

Before starting works on site, subcontracted vehicles will have a valid Insurance Policy

with Unlimited Civil Liability, a company card and social security payments in order.

Informative signs and standard signage will be placed to warn workers of the risk of

overturning vehicles, collision and being run over.

8. CONCRETING, FILLING AND COMPACTING TRENCHES

In public roads in use, all machinery will be removed at the end of the work day,

establishing a place to park them. The materials, machinery, instruments and toolsneeded to carry out the work will be placed in a location that minimises their incidence

on pedestrian and vehicle traffic, using areas not normally used by these. They will be

carefully ordered, fenced and signed, minimising the surface occupied and remaining

only as long as needed for their use or inclusion in the work.

When visibility conditions advise so, workers will be given work clothes that ensure

that they are seen by drivers.

The work team will be assigned a minimum separation between workers according to

the auxiliary means used to prevent collisions and interferences between them.

Workers will receive training on the correct use of the Personal Protective Equipment

needed to carry out their work.

Workers handling rollers or compacters will be specialised in the use of these machines

and hold the corresponding accreditation.

All vehicles will be revised periodically, particularly regarding their pneumatic

actuation systems, recording the revisions in the maintenance book.

Cutting of floor slabs will be performed with a wet line system that prevents dust

emission. If the pieces will be cut in a dry line, the operator will be placed upwind toavoid inhaling dust produced while cutting. The operator will also use eye-protection


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goggles and a dust mask with a mechanical filter adjusted to the eye-protection

equipment.

No persons may remain within a radius of 5 metres around compacters and rollers in

operation (as the operator's visibility is poor within this radius).

All vehicles used for this work will have an automatic reverse gear acoustic signal.

Compacter and roller vehicles will have a safety cab providing protection in case of roll-

over.

All vehicles used will have a valid insurance policy with unlimited civil liability.

Drivers of any vehicle with a closed cab will use a safety helmet when exiting the cabinside the worksite.

9. INSTALLATION OF DUCTS IN DITCHS

When materials will be unloaded, first select an even storage place on which to place

the tube segments with the suitable protections preventing them from moving and

therefore from falling.

If tubes are stacked, do so carefully to prevent a subsequent collapse of the stack.

After preparing the ground on which the tubes will be placed, transport the tubes

parallel to the layout. The measures described above will be observed during these

operations.

The tube will not be used as a support point for entering and exiting the trench, even if it

is completely immobilised. The ladders provided for this purpose will be used.

Walking on the tubes is forbidden.

Handle the various materials and auxiliary means used in the assembly properly to

prevent injury.

10. FOUNDATIONS AND CONCRETING

The concrete mixer truck will always be parked inside the demarcated work area, in no

case out of the marked, signed and suitably demarcated areas.

Before pouring concrete, the resistance and stability of the formwork will be checked.

When concrete will be poured directly from the truck into a trench or a different level,

place a safety block or place the truck at least 2 metres from the edge to avoid overloads

on the edge that may lead to collapse.


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During approach manoeuvres, the concrete mixer trucks will remain more than 2 metres

from the excavation edge.

Concrete truck movements in reverse gear will be directed by a single person to avoid

giving contradictory instructions.

Take care when lowering the chute to avoid entrapment of hands.

When a concrete pump is used, a basket will be present at the worksite to collect the ball

used to clean the concrete pump pipe.

If the pump pipe is jammed, release the pressure before banging the pipe to find the jam.

The concrete mixer will leave the work site with its chute fully retracted.

Protective rubber gloves will be used when working with concrete or mortar.

When a mechanical crane is used to pour the concrete, special attention will be paid to

the movement of the bucket with the concrete to prevent being hit by it.

If an electric vibrator is used, rubber gloves will be worn.

Before starting the works, the work site will be inspected to detect possible cracks or

earth movements.

Trenches will be checked at regular intervals whenever they may receive pressure from

nearby paths with vehicle traffic, and particularly if there are nearby worksites using

pneumatic hammers, vibration compacters or if earth moving machinery passes nearby.

When the depth of the trench is two meters or more, the upper edges will be protected

with a regulation railing placed at least 2 metres from the edge.

wooden plankways of 60 cm wide will be installed with 90 cm high solid railings and

protection to prevent persons from passing or sliding under the railings or objects falling

on persons.

When pouring concrete, observe the formwork and reinforce any weak points. In case of

failure, it is best to stop pouring and resume it only when the formwork performance is

correct.

Worksites will have a simple and safe access and be kept clean and ordered at all times,

with measures to ensure that the floor is not dangerous.

Foundation pits and trenches will be properly signed to prevent persons from falling

into them.

Vehicles will not pass closer than 4 metres from the foundation edge.

Hand tools will be attached to a snap hook to prevent falls to a lower level.

All electrically actuated machines will have the corresponding ground connection and


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differential switches, with all connections and cables in good condition.

Electrical connections will be established by sealed mechanisms for outdoor use.

No workers may stand behind the concrete mixer trucks when they move in reverse

gear.

Install a safety line secured to solid points to attach the full safety harness hook during

work with risk of falls from height.

11. WORKS WITH STEEL REINFORCEMENT BARS (REBARS)

A space will be provided in the worksite for classified storage of rebar rolls, near the

reinforcement assembly location.

Rebar roll packages will be stored horizontally on wooden sleepers, layer by layer,

avoiding stack heights above 1.50 metres.

Package points will be protected with caps that will not be removed until their final

assembly in the worksite.

The rebar workshop will be located such that the crane has access to it without the

hanging loads passing over the assembly workers.

When lifting the bars, avoid passing the iron packages over the workers.

Overhead transport of rebar packages with the crane will be performed hanging the

load from separated points by slings.

Assembled reinforcing bars will be stored in the assigned places separated from the

place of assembly.

Iron and steel waste or excess material will be collected and stored in the specified place

for subsequent loading and transportation to the dump.

Brads, wires and rebar waste around the worksite will be swept daily.

Mounted reinforcing bars will be carried to the location hung from the crane hook by

slings attaching it to two separated points to prevent unwanted deformations and

displacements.

Overhead transportation of pillars in vertical position is forbidden.

The pillars will be hung from two points by slings to a point near their final location

and deposited on the ground. Vertical transportation will only be allowed for their exact

positioning on site.


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Rebar grids will be fitted with wooden planks to prevent workers feet from falling into

the gaps when walking on them.

Climbing on the reinforcing grids is forbidden in all cases.

Walkways will be installed with a width of three planks to allow walking on the

formwork in the negative reinforcement stage.

Onsite location operations for the mounted rebars will be directed by a three-person

team, of which two persons will use ropes in two directions to guide the piece to install,

following the instructions of the third person, who will make the vertical alignment

corrections manually.

Hand tools will be carried on snap hooks or in a tool bag. All floor gaps will beprotected with rigid railings with a minimum height of 90 centimetres, with a protection

that prevents persons passing or sliding under them or objects falling on persons. Stored

rebars implying a risk to workers will be protected with caps.

12. MASONRY WORKS

The condition of the auxiliary means used in the work will be checked at the start of

each day.

The worksites will be maintained in orderly and clean conditions, free of rubble and

garbage mainly, by removing them with hoppers or carrying them to areas designated as

dumps.

Throwing rubble directly out of faade openings or gaps is forbidden.

Transit surfaces will be free of obstacles, whether materials, tools or rubble, which may

lead to risk of same-level falls.

Work sites will be properly lit. Otherwise, additional lighting will be provided with a

protection mesh and 24V safety power supply.

Ceramic material will be lifted to the floors without breaking the straps supplied with

them by the manufacturer. Do not handle them with the body or hands, only with

ropes.Loose material will be stacked in an orderly inside carrying platforms, ensuring

that the pieces cannot fall.

Loading, unloading and transport operations, both manual and mechanical, will be

performed following the recommendations of the specific procedures.

Auxiliary means will be installed according to the specific procedures.

The storage location will be suitably marked.

Special care will be taken in brickwork with flying fragments when cutting the bricks

with a trowel. Particle protection goggles will be worn during this activity.


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Special care will be observed when using cutting tools. However, it is recommended to

follow the instructions provided in their specific procedure.

The worksite will be kept clean and marked, as will be the glass and ceramic etc.cutting areas.

Special care will be taken when working with marble to prevent crushing of limbs or

organs.

All work with a risk of flying particles will require the use of safety glasses with clear,

tempered, curved and optically neutral glass, a sturdy rim, universal bridge and

perforated plastic side protections. When necessary, the glass will be graduated and

protected by another superimposed glass.

When placing steps or baseboards on stairs, seal off the floors under the work area to

prevent person transit in areas with risk of falling objects.

Cutting tools will be in perfect working condition.

Machine tools will observe the provisions of their specific procedure.

RE NDE RING A ND FINIS HING

Transit and support surfaces will be kept clean and orderly at all times for renderingworks to prevent accidents due to slipping.

Platforms on sawhorses used for plastering (and the like) of roofs will have a firm

horizontal surface made of planks, avoiding steps and gaps that may lead to trips and

falls.

Scaffolding for indoor rendering will be made on sawhorses. The use of barrels, ladders

and stacks of material for this purpose is forbidden.

The area in which these works are performed will be suitably lit (100 lux or with

portable lamps)

In transport of rules and planks the leading end will be above the height of the helmet

of the worker carrying it. If it is carried on a wheelbarrow, the package will be firmly

secured to it.

Cement bags will be carried on wheelbarrows and stored orderly next to the worksites

where they will be used, as separated as possible to prevent overloads.

Mark off the area with banner tape and No Entry signs when there is danger of flying

particles of the materials used in the process.

META LW OR K AN D W OODW OR K

Frames (sashes, passage doors, flashings) will be unloaded perfectly strapped (or

tied)

hanging by slings from the tower crane

hook.


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Woodwork material will be stored in the locations specified in the drawings to prevent

accidents due to interference.

Door frames, leaves, etc. will be lifted to the floors in strapped (or tied) blocks hanging

from the crane hook by slings. Once they are in the floor of location the straps will be

released and the material will be unloaded by hand.

Worksites will be kept free of rubble, metal scraps and other pointed objects to

prevent accidents due to stepping on them.

Final railings may not be stored on formwork edges to prevent risks due to

collapse.

Before using any machine tool, check that it is perfect condition and has allsafety mechanisms and guards installed and in good condition to prevent accidents.

Frames will be installed by at least one team to prevent falls and

knocks.

Lower horizontal anti-deformation grounds will be installed at a height of about 60

cm. They will be made of white wood preferably to make them more visible and prevent

trips.

Lower anti-deformation grounds will be removed immediately after the hardening

process of the frame (or sash) installation to eliminate the risk of trips and falls.

Hanging of door (or window) leaves will be performed by at least two workers to

prevent accidents due to imbalance, flips, knocks and falls.

Work areas will have a minimum illumination of 100 lux at a height of 2

m.

Portable illumination will be performed by waterproof lamps with insulated handles

and bulb protection mesh powered at 24 V.

Electrical cables may not be connected to power supply boards without male-female connectors to prevent electrical hazard.

Ladders will be step ladders with anti-slip shoes and safety

chain.

Sanding operations with a manual electric sander will always be performed under

air current ventilation to prevent accidents related to working in harmful

atmospheres.Storage of glues and varnishes will have direct and continuous ventilation,

a dry chemical fire extinguishers next to the access door and fire hazard and no

smoking signs on the door to prevent possible fires.

Removing the ground connection of machine tools is expressly forbidden. A sticker

will be attached to each one specifying this if they do not have double insulation.


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16. PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS

Plumbing fixtures, when received on the appropriate floor, will be moved directly to

where they will be installed to avoid creating obstacles in internal (or external) transit

areas.

When a single person is transporting sections of pipe on their will er, the load will be

inclined backwards, in order that the front end is above will height to prevent Same-

level falls or impacts against other personnel.

Work benches will be kept clean and in good condition, avoiding chipping or splinters

during the work.

The safety protection of apertures in the floor structures will be replaced immediately

once plumbing work for vertical conduits has been completed in order to prevent the

risk of falls.

The operator performing plumbing installations will wear a safety belt at all times.

The work area will be kept clear of off-cuts and debris. These will be cleared as work

progresses, piled in a proper location until disposed of down the chutes.

Welding and soldering with lead is prohibited in enclosed spaces. Whenever performing

welding or soldering work with lead, establish a current of air to ensure proper

ventilation and prevent exposure to toxic fumes.

Electrical lighting will be provided using portable lamps, properly grounded, with

insulated handles and protective cage over the bulb.

For welding and soldering work, operators will follow the instructions provided in the

corresponding procedures.

Plumbing fixtures will be carried on the will er, separating broken fixtures and their

fragments carefully.

The installation of plumbing fixtures will be performed by at least three persons: two to

move the piece and a third to position it in its proper position to prevent falls or trapped

fingers.

17. INSTALLATION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

Materials will be piled in a previously designated location.

Equipment and materials will be hoisted with the help of resistant balancing poles

using with the crane hook.

Materials will be positioned on the ground which has been previously prepared using

pallets or boards to distribute the weight. From here the materials will be transported to

their storage area or where they are to be installed.

18. INSTALLATION OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Before beginning the project, the construction method, type of scaffolding to be usedand the transit routes of the site will all be approved by the Project Management.

A study will be made for the preparation of the work areas in order to determine the

most appropriate installation of scaffolding and ladders in transit areas and forms of

access.


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Work and transit areas will be kept clean, neat and well lighted at all times.

Equipment and machinery will be kept in perfect condition, using the most appropriate

equipment and tools for each task. Equipment will only be used by personnel who arefully qualified and authorised by the project supervisor.


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19. INSTALLATION OF THE TRANSFORMER

This work is divided into the following sequences:

Unloading

Levelling and securing to the base.

Assembly, cabling and connection.

Unloading

This first sequence of the work involves the risk of falling objects during handling,

impacts against stationary objects and overexertion.

If the unloading is being performed using a crane, verify that the load is within the

maximum permitted load weight. Ensure that the hook has a safety latch and that the

stirrups are correctly positioned and can support the load weight.

Operators performing this task will wear safety gloves and boots.

Loads will always be suspended at four points as the hooks are sometimes welded

rather than connected to the frame. These welded joints are not always secure and

suspending loads from less than four points can cause joints to break.

Once the equipment has been unloaded, it will be moved to its place of installation,

depending on the distance, by auxiliary mechanical equipment, hand carts or similar.

The equipment will never be dragged across the floor regardless of how smooth as this

can cause injuries to operators (overexertion), and also damage both the floor and the

equipment itself.

Lev elling and secu ring to the base

Once the equipment is positioned on its base, it will be levelled using a spirit level or

plumb line.

Once level, proceed with the fixing of the equipment to the base either using screws or

welding. The equipment will be initially welded to the base with a series of well-

spaced points. The operator performing this task will use the clothing and safety

equipment appropriate for this work.

If screws are used to fix the base, the appropriate screwdriver will be used.

Assembly, cabling and connection

For cabling and connection, the risks involved are impacts and cuts from hand tools

which will be used with caution.

21. CABLE SPOOL STORAGE AND INSTALLATION.

Cable spools will be stored in closed locations, especially when being

stored for long periods of time, in which case they will be covered withtarps or other means.

Spools of LA conductor can be stored outdoors providing the free ends are

properly secured and retained.

Spool of insulated conductors can be stored outdoors providing the free ends are

properly protected from the elements (removable caps, staples or clamps, etc.).


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Spools will be stored on paved surfaces, free of mud or dust even when outdoors.

The protective slats will remain on the spools until their moment of use.

Spools will be stored in vertical position, installing wedges at the base of the spool or

using similar means to guarantee stability.

Spools will be stored with a minimum gap of 7.5 cm between the spools.

7.5 cm (min)

Only those spools with a protective cover can be piled face to face. The bottom spools

will be properly footed or secured with wedges to ensure stability.

Spools will neverbe stored on their flat side or face.


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The remains of any cable yet to be used will always be stored under cover and with the

free ends protected (including connections on MT cables).

Spools will always be rolled in the direction in which the cable was spooled.

When spools will be moved and rolled on the ground, this will be done in a manner

which prevents the spools from remaining or rolling on unstable or uneven ground or

surfaces. This operation is only acceptable for very short displacements on the site.

Spools will always be handled using cranes or forklifts.

Cable will always be unwound in the opposite direction in which the cable was spooled.

The spools will be unwound as indicated in the figures below:

Correct manner to rewind the spool:


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22. CABLE LAYING AND CONNECTIONS

1 Cable laying

The operation can be divided into the following sequences:

1. Selection of the work area.

2. Transport of spools and equipment.

3. Preparation for laying cables.

4. Laying cables.

5. Termination of cable laying.

1. S e lec ti o n o f t h e w or k a r ea

* Before beginning the work it is necessary to determine the position of the cable

spools and the ideal location for the lifting jacks.

* This area will provide a solid and firm surface. If this is not possible, the jacks willbe positioned on boards to increase the support surface, guaranteeing solidityand stability.

* The area where the spools are stored will be close to the work area and not pose

an obstacle to work or transit areas.

* Both areas will be sign-posted appropriately.

2. T ra n sp o r t of spo o ls and e quip me n t

* Cable spools will be transported by truck and loaded and unloaded using a crane.

* The risks inherent in the phase of the installation are impacts and contusions,

injuries and scrapes when carrying out these operations. To reduce these risks,

operators will proceed as indicated below:

o All clamps, stirrups and axes to be used will be in good condition and

appropriate for the load weight to be transported.

o The spools will be secured with wedges or footings inside the bed of the

truck during transport. Personnel will not remain in the bed during transport.

o Los lifting jacks will be appropriate for the load weight of the spools and

will be checked and lubricated in the workshop before being taken to the site.

o If the operation requires the use of electric winches, these will be

checked, verifying they are in perfect mechanical and electrical condition

before leaving the workshop. Operators will ensure that gears, pinions,

traction chain, etc, all function correctly, the steel cable rides on and off the

drum properly. This will be lubricated before being taken to the site. The

levels of pinion fluid and the ground connection will also be checked.

o The jacks, axes, winches and other tools and equipment will be transportedto the site with the cable spools.


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o The crane hook will be equipped with a safety latch.

3. P r e par a tion for lay ing c a bl e s

* The risks inherent in the phase of the installation are elevated falls, impacts

and/or contusions, injuries, entrapments by the slings and/or cables, etc.

* Personnel will use the appropriate personal safety equipment at all times,

including hard hats, safety gloves and safety belts where necessary.

* When laying a cable on a cable tray the lift jacks will be positioned under the

trays where the cables will enter, in order that there is an inclination of some

120 between the first roller of the tray and the cable spool. The spool will

then be mounted on the jacks, if very heavy a crane or hoist will be used, raising

the spool until the steel axle fits the axle holders of the jacks.

* Once the spool is in position, the slats protecting the cable will be removed one

by one with the nails belt back to prevent possible injuries. Once the spools are

uncovered, the slats will be cleared from the area.

* The winch will be installed at the other end of the installation. If this is very

long and presents angles or corners, additional winches will be positioned to pick

up the slack which will then be recovered by the final winch. Only for power

cables, m.t. cables and 380 v.- 150 cm.

* The steel cable winches will be fixed to the structure using shackles and

clamps, verifying they are secure.

* Rollers will be installed the length of the trays, spaced depending on the

diameter and weight of the cable.

* Then, releasing the pinions of the last winch, the steel cable is pulled, laid across

the rollers until the end reaches the spool.

* The electrical cable to be laid will be unrolled a few turns and when the

end reaches the floor, the corresponding cable lead will be attached and properly

secured to ensure it does not come free. If the cable is damaged during laying it

will be replaced immediately. Once the cable lead is attached to the cable to be

laid, this will be attached to the steel cable of the winch using clamps or shackles.

4. Cabl e lay ing

* Special attention will be paid in this phase of the operation to prevent mistakes

or uncontrolled manoeuvres, contusions or impacts. Workers performing these

operations will synchronise their actions carefully.

* Mistakes or uncontrolled manoeuvres can cause serious accidents and damage the

cable.

5. T e r m ina tion of the in s ta ll ati o n

* Once the laying of the cable is complete, the winches, spools and other tools

and equipment will be collected, leaving the site clear. Finally, the safety signage willbe removed.


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2 - Connection

When proceeding with the connection of the installation, it will be determined if theconnection will be performed with or without voltage.

If the cables to be connected and the equipment are disconnected, operators will

proceed in the following manner:

The first action is to verify the lack of voltage in the cables to be

connected.

Equally, operators will verify that the equipment is also without power if this

has an alternative power source.

Once the absence of voltage in the work area has been verified the connection

will be made using the appropriate tools.

If the equipment to be connected is in tension, operators will request the disconnection

of the same. If the disconnection request is granted, work will not begin until operators

have verified that the equipment is disconnected from the power source and that

accidental reconnection is impossible.

In the case the disconnection request of the equipment is not granted, the operation will

be considered as work with tension and operators will proceed as follows:

Accessing the connection area, operators will verify this is without tension and

that accidental connection is impossible.

Live areas or points which are accessible by the operator will be covered

or insulated. These areas will be covered using dielectric vinyl coated fabric.

Insulated and certified tools will be used at all times.

The operator performing this task will wear the following safety equipment:

- Dielectric Hard hat.

- Protective face shield.

- Dielectric gloves, to be protected by work gloves if necessary.

- Insulated blanket or screen.

24. EARTH GRID

When laying the Grid, the same prevention measures will be observed as the general

cable laying.

For shunting the main network and take it to the different equipments, the

Cadwell welding procedure will be followed. To this end, operators will use working

gloves and their personal wear, and follow the sequences below:

1. Check that the moulds are in a clean and unworn condition. Each mould is

intended for a given number of weldings. When this number is exceeded, they

will not be used again, since the holes through which cables have to tightly passmay become deformed and the melted material may flow out at high temperature

causing serious burns and, therefore, to a faulty welding work.

2. The welding material contained in the cone of the mould will not be ignited with

matches or burning paper. When using matches, it is necessary to approach


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one


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hand to the ignition point and it may get burnt. When using burning paper, ashes

from the paper together with the material may cause dirty weldings, and this

becomes faulty. Always use the lighter that comes with the mould.

The connection of these lines to the equipments is made by attaching terminals to the

cable ends, which are fixed to plates previously secured to the equipments by means of

a screw bolt of the appropriate dimensions.

25. PERMANENT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

The warehouse to store electric material will be located in the place designated for that

purpose.

When openinig and closing wall chases, the order and cleanliness at the worksite will be

carefully taken into account.

The assembly of electrical devices (magnetothermic switches, breakers, etc.) will be

always performed by qualified staff.

For the illumination by means of portable lamps , watertight lampholders will be used

with insulating handle and bulb protection grid, fed by 24 volts.

Connecting wires to the electrical site distribution unit is not allowed without using

male-female plugs.

Step ladders with anti-slip footings and a chain to prevent overextending will be used.

For the correct use of ladders, it is recommended to follow the safety instructions

included in the relevant procedures.

It is forbidden to create scaffoldings using step ladders by way of sawhorses.

For using scaffoldings, it is recommended to follow the safety instructions included in

the relevant procedures.

Before cabling, hanging and connecting the electrical installation using step ladders

or scaffolds on sawhorses a tight safety net will be arranged from the upper level to

the lower support level, where works are carried out.

In general, step ladders or scaffolds on sawhorses are not allowed when there is risk of

falling from a height during electrical works, if adequate safety protections have not

been previously installed.

Tools to be used by electricians will be protected with approved insulating material

against contacts with electric power.

Those tools used by electricians whose insulation is damaged will be immediately

removed and replaced by other tools in good condition.

To avoid that the buildings electrical system gets unintentionally connected to the

mains supply, the last cabling to be performed will be that from the main switchboard

to the switchboard of the supplier company, keeping in a safe place the devices required


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for connection, which will be the last to be installed.

All the personnel will be informed of the operation tests of the electrical system at the

worksite before they start, in order to avoid accidents.

Before charging the electrical system, a comprehensive review of the connections,

protections and direct and indirect joints to the main switchboards will be performed

according to the low voltage electrotechnical regulations.

The entry into service of transformer cells will be carried out before the Works

Management and the staff will clear the building.

27. ELECTRIC WELDING WORKS

Working areas will be always clean and tidy to avoid tripping and stepping on pointedobjects.

Metal beams will be secured with slings at two points, so that the upper angle at the

mooring ring level formed by the two cables of the sling is 90 or less, in order to avoid

risks of stress of the auxiliary means.

For hoisting metal beams (frames), ropes will be used until their presentation, never

directly with hands, in order to avoid pushing, cuts and entrapments.

Presented beams and pillars will be secured and blocked using fastening spindles, lip

blocks, slings, the crane hook, etc., until finishing the tack welding in order to avoidunstable situations.

This work will not be raised to a higher level until having finished the weld bead of

tack welding level, in order to avoid unstable situations in the structure.

Metal pillars will be vertically hoisted and being guided by means of ropes, never with

hands. Plumbing and stippling will be immediately carried out.

Horizontal fireproof nets will be arranged between the centre lines being mounted, in

order to avoid risks of falling from a height.

Arc lamp radiation is harmful to health. Always use welding hood or hand mask when

welding.Do not look directly at the arc lamp. The intensity of light may cause serious eye

problems.

The weld bead will not be chipped without eye protection. The removed chips of scale

may cause serious eye injuries.

Do not touch recently welded parts; contrary to its appearance, they may be at

temperatures that may cause serious burns.

Always weld in well-ventilated places to avoid intoxication or asphyxia.

Before starting to weld, check that no people are around the vertical of your workstation

in order to prevent them from getting unintentionally burnt.

29. WORKS AT HEIGHT

During works, workers will be permanently secured, all the time that the work takes.

They will use a work rope with two anchor points for these works.


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Works at a height can be only performed with the help of equipment intended for that

purpose or using collective protection equipments, such as railings, platforms or safety

nets. If this is not possible due to the nature of works, safety access means with

anchoring or any other similar protection means will be provided.

Order and cleanliness in the working area.

The manual handling of loads during these works will be in accordance with the R.D.

487/97 on manual handling of loads.

When performing these works (lifting, descending and shifts), workers will be

permanently secured.

The use of a two-anchor work rope is obligatory.

The condition of the means to be used will be checked, rejecting those not offering

safety for their use.In a stop while ascending/descending or stops made to work, the rope with two anchor

points will be always secured before releasing the life system. These ropes will be

anchored, whenever possible, above your head in order to have a perfect safety

guarantee. If no anchoring can be used above head, they will be anchored at the highest

points, avoiding anchoring below the waist.

Also, during stops to perform a work and/or when horizontal shifts are required in

towers, if possible, the anchoring will be completed using the Anchoring Rope for

Securing the Working Position as additional anchoring. When restarting to

hoist/descend, this rope will not be released without having previously check that both

ends of the two anchoring rope are duly secured.In case of severe weather conditions, works will be stopped.

Working alone is prohibited.

Tools used at a height will be always inside tool bags.

Mandatory use of safety helmet.

Working alone is prohibited.

Tools used by specialists will be always secured with ropes.

No tools or material will be thrown. They will be passed from hand to hand or using a

rope or basket for it.

If there is any risk of materials falling to a lower level, beacons will be laid down or, if

it is not possible, hazard warning signs will be placed in all the affected area.

If there is any risk of falling burning materials, the whole affected area will be fenced or

signalled and, if there is material or equipment and staff at lower levels, fireproof

blankets will be provided.

Works at a height will not be performed by people suffering from vertigo or whose

physical condition disturb their nervous system, having epilepsy attacks or being

sensitive, for any reason, to faint or have dangerous alterations.

Platforms, scaffolds and gangways, as well as unevenness, holes and openings inconstructions, which may entail for workers a risk of falling from a height of over 2 m,

will be protected with railings or any other similar safety system of collective

protection.

Those places where workers will go through and that, because of being recently built,

not being totally finished or any other reason, may entail a hazard, lanes or gangways


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made of at least 60 cm wide planks, or pre-fabricated planks, will be provided, in order

to ensure the safety of the staff walking on them.

Railings will be strong, with a minimum height of 90 cm and provided with a protectingledge, a guard rail and an intermediate protection preventing the passage of workers.

The stability and strength of supporting elements and the good conditions of the

protection means will be checked before being used. Then, check them regularly and

every time that their safety conditions may be affected by any modification, period of

non-use or any other circumstance.

No works at a height will start if the safety material is not suitable, or if it is not in good

condition or is just missing.

Never improvise working platforms; they will be built according to the legal

regulations in force.

Platforms, gangways, scaffolds and, in general, all places where works are carried out

will be provided with easy and safe access and will be free of obstacles, taking the

necessary measures to prevent the surface from becoming slippery.

Holes and openings used for hoisting materials and, in general, all those made in

constructions that, because of their particular location may be hazardous, will be duly

protected by solid 90 cm high railings.

If working at a height, no tools or materials will be thrown. They will be passed from

hand to hand, or using a rope or basket for it.

If there is a risk of falling objects to a lower level, beacons will be laid down and, if this

is not possible, warning signals indicating the risk in the whole affected area will beinstalled.

If there is any risk of falling burning materials, signs will be installed in the whole

affected area and, if materials or equipment and staff are found in lower levels, fireproof

blankets will be provided.

Access to elevated work platforms will be safely achieved, using service ladders and

gangways. Do not access by climbing pillars or walking on beams.

The surfaces of working ramps, ladders and platforms will be made of non-slippery

materials or will be provided with anti-slip elements.

Special attention will be paid not to load the just-built elements with materials, devices

or, in general, any other load that may cause their collapse.

Operators working in the assembly of metal or concrete structures, or on site elements

that, because of their high location or any other circumstances, involve a risk of serious

fall, will be equipped with safety harness, duly attached to firmly secured points.

Railings being removed or holes being opened for introducing equipment, etc., will be

perfectly watched and signalled during the operation, replacing the corresponding

protections right after finishing it.

To avoid falling objects:

- Coordinate works so that they do not overlap.

- If works in the same vertical line are required, install the relevant protections

(nets, roofs, etc.)


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- Demarcate and install signs in areas with risk of falling objects.

- Install signs and monitor the area where works performing with suspendedloads. Loads will be handled from outside the load influence area. This area

can be only entered when loads are practically down.

30. EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY AND TOOLS

TR UCK CRA NE

All hoisting and transportation equipment employed in the project will meet the

appropriate general standards of construction, stability and resistance and will beequipped with safety mechanisms or systems to prevent:

The fall or sudden swinging of a load due to the malfunction of a machine,hoisting device or transport equipment or the breakage of cables or chains, etc.

The fall of persons or materials from the transport receptacles provided for thispurpose.

The accidental or unexpected start-up.

All types of accidents which may affect the operators working with this

equipment or in their vicinity.

All vehicles and machinery used for handling materials will be:

Well designed and constructed, taking ergonomic principles into accountwherever possible. Equipped with a certified fire extinguisher, regularly inspected and serviced, in

the case of fire. Maintained in good working order.

Used correctly.

Drivers and personnel responsible for vehicles and equipment used to handle

materials will receive the appropriate training.

Preventive Measures will be taken to prevent vehicles, earth moving machinery or

handling equipment from falling into excavations or water.

The ideal location for the crane will be considered before it is positioned. The

following criteria will be taken into account:

- Electrical power lines will be avoided, taking into account that neither the

crane boom, nor cables or loads may pass within 5 metres of power lines up to

220KV, 7 metres for power lines of 380KV and 3 metres for power lines up to

66KV. These safety distances will be maintained at all times.

- Personnel will stay clear of suspended loads at all times.

The crane and auxiliary elements will be checked to ensure they are appropriate for the

type and weight of the loads.

Once the crane is in position, extend the stabilisers as far as possible. The stabilisers

will be supported on firm ground.

In the case the ground is not completely level, in addition to the truck hand brake, the

wheels of the vehicle will be footed.

Before positioning the truck crane and its stabilisers the stability of the support area will

be verified. Check that there are no buried tanks, pipes, or electrical conduits.


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With the stabilisers extended, the total area of the crane will be calculated, checking

with the diagrams which will be found in the truck, to ensure the area is sufficient for

the required load and inclination.

Before using the crane the hoist cables will be checked, disposing of those with a

percentage of broken threads in excess of 10%.

Oil and fluid levels in the crane will be checked before use.

The operator will check the brakes, levers, handles, controls and other equipment to be

used, notifying the supervisor in the case of any malfunctions.

The crane hook will be equipped with a safety latch.

In the case the crane operator cannot see part of the route, the assistance of a signalman

will be required. To communicate between them, they will use the codes indicated in

Annex VI of R.D. 485/1997, with which they will be perfectly familiar. The manoeuvrewill be directed by a single operator at all times, who will be in control the crane,

except in the part of the route where the load cannot be seen, when the manoeuvre will

be directed by the signalman.

The operator directing the load will ignore all signals from other persons with the

exception of the emergency stop signal, with which all the personnel involved will be

familiar.

Before using the crane, the correct functioning of the rotation clutch and load hoist and

boom. This manoeuvre will be checked without a load.

The control levers will be protected with safety shields to prevent contact with fixed or

moving objects.The control levers will be put in vertical position when not in use.

Never bypass or disconnect any safety device or element.

When the crane is retracted the correct position of the crane boom will be verified

before the truck in started.

No adjustments will be performed when the truck is in motion.

The maximum loads permitted for the various degrees of inclination will be indicated.

Operators will only ascend or descend from the crane when the truck is stopped.

If contact is made with electrical power cables, do not leave the truck until contact isbroken and you are well clear of the place of contact. Jump clear without touching the

truck and the ground at the same time.

When hoisting the cage, verify that it is properly connected and secured to the hook;

raise slowly and ensure there is no danger of overturning; for this, only loads which are

completely free can be hoisted, nor exceed the maximum load limit of the crane.

Never leave the crane when a load is suspended.

The crane operating radius will remain clear of personnel at all times.

HOIS TING E QUIPME NT


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Ropes

A rope is a textile element that will have a minimum diameter of 4 millimetres

consisting of twisted or braided fibres with or without core.

Ropes used for hoisting or carrying loads will have a minimum safety factor of 10.

Do not drag rope over rough surfaces or on the ground, sand or against unprotected

angles or pointed edges.

All hemp ropes which are returned to storage after use will be inspected their entire

length.

Any knots in the rope will be undone, as they conserve humidity, and the rope will bewashed clean of any stains.

When fully dry, the rope will be checked for possible deterioration: cuts, fraying, acid

attacks, etc.

Ropes will be stored in a dark, dry and well-ventilated location, free of fumes and

taking all possible precautions against rats or other rodents.

Rope will not be in direct contact with the ground but will be isolated using stakes or

pallets which allow air to flow under the coils.

Synthetic rope will be stored in temperatures below 60.

Avoid unnecessary exposure to light.

Avoid contact with oils, acids or corrosive products.

Ropes used in fall arrest systems, which have stopped the fall of worker, will not be

used again, or at least not for this purpose.

Ropes will be checked their entire length before use.

Avoid using ropes against pointed angles.

If ropes will be used in the vicinity of flame, they will be protected by a leather sleeve,

for example.

Ropes used to support loads, or work with traction will be free of knots. Knots reducethe strength of the rope.

It is essential that ropes be protected from abrasion, avoiding all contact with pointed

edges or corners and using a thimble in the rings of the slings.

Pressure against pointed edges can cause cuts in the fibres which can dangerously

reduce the strength of the rope. To prevent this, a flexible material (cardboard, fabric,

etc) will be placed between the rope and the pointed edges.

Cables

A strand is constituted of various steel wire laid in a helix of one or various layers. A


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cable is constituted of one or various strands laid in a helix of one or various layers

around a core.

Cables will have the construction and size appropriate for the purposes for which they

will be used.

Cables will have a safety factor of no less than 6.

Cable eyes and connection for hooks, rings and clips will be fitted with sufficiently

resistant thimbles.

Cables will be free of knots, permanent twists or other defects.

Cables will be inspected periodically for broken wires. Cables will be replaced if

showing more than 10% of broken wires, counting the length of two sections of the

cable separated by a distance inferior to 8 times the cable diameter.

Cables used to lift or support loads directly will not have any joints at the ends (the only

joints or connection permitted are those which are designed to be modified according to

operational needs). The use of cables and attachment devices and equipment will be

selected in order to guarantee an appropriate level of safety.

The diameter of cable drum hoists will not be inferior to 20 times that of the cable,

providing it is also 300 times the diameter of the largest wire.

Follow manufacturers recommendations for hoisting equipment with regards to the

type of cable to be used to avoid premature wear and even breakage. Never used cables

other than those recommended.

The ends of cables will be protected with end fittings to prevent fraying.

The minimum diameter for rolling or bending cables will be carefully observed to

prevent deterioration through fatigue.

When unrolling a cable from a spool, it is recommended to follow the steps indicated

below:

Before cutting a cable, all the steel strands will be protected to prevent fraying.

Ensure that the cable strength is appropriate before proceeding to use the cable to lift a

load.

To unroll a reel or spool of cable, this will be rolled on the ground with the free end ofthe cable secured. Never pull from the free end of the able.

Or, let the reel or spool turn, previously installed in an adequate support mechanism

fitted a brake to prevent the reel from turning too quickly.

To roll up the cable, proceed the inverse in both cases.

Cables will never be connected using knots which deteriorate the cable, but by means of

end fittings and clamp.

Cables are normally supplied lubricated. To guarantee proper maintenance simply use

the lubricant recommended by the manufacturer.

Some types of special cables will not be lubricated. Follow manufacturersrecommendations in all cases.


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Cables will be inspected their entire length and after cleaning to remove dirt and

encrustationss.

The parts of the cable most exposed to deterioration or presenting broken wires will be

inspected when the cable is in repose.

Inspections will be performed using the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment.

Cables will be replaced for the following reasons:

Breakage of a strand

Abnormal and localised reduction in diameter.

Existence of knots.

When the reduction in diameter of the cable at any point reaches 10% for

strand cables or 3% for solid cables.

When the number of visibly broken wires reaches 20% of the total number ofwires in the cable in a length equal to twice the section of cable.

When the reduction in a section of a strand, measured in a section of cable,reaches 40% of the total section of the strand.

Chains

Chains will be made of steel or forged steel.

Chains will have a safety factor of at least five for the nominal maximum load weight.

The rings, hooks, links or bands fitted at the ends will be of the same material as the

chains to which they are attached.

All chains will be inspected before being put in service.

When the links suffer excessive deterioration or has been belt or cracked, it will be cut

and replaced immediately.

Chains will be free of knots or twists.

Chains will be rolled on grooved drums, axes or pulleys that allow the chain to be

rolled without twisting.

Chains are only as strong as their weakest link. Chains will be replaced when:

The diameter of a link is reduced 5% through wear.

A link is bent, crushed, stretched or open.

Th hoist hook and the chain will be connected using a ring.

Chains will never be attached on the point of the hook or directly on the neck of the

same.

When under stress, the chain will be stretched perfectly straight without knots.

The chain will be protected against pointed edges.

Avoid sudden movements of the load during elevation, descent and transport.

Chains become fragile in cold temperatures, under shock or sudden stress and can break

instantly.


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Chains will be handled with care: avoid dragging them on the ground or leaving them

on the ground as they are exposed to the effect of dirt, dust, humidity and chemical

agents in addition to the mechanical deterioration which can occur.

Chains used to carry loads in hoisting equipment will be properly lubricated to prevent

corrosion which may reduce their strength and useful life.

Hooks

Hooks will be made of steel or forged steel.

These will be equipped with latches or other safety devices to prevent loads from

slipping free.

The parts of the hook which are in contact with chains, cables or ropes will be rounded.

Given their form, hooks allow loads to be attached rapidly but pose the risk ofaccidental detachment which will be prevented.

Since these elements work under tension and stress, hooks will be carefully inspected

and their manufacture will meet very strict safety norms. Hooks or attachment devices

will not fashioned by operators using pieces of steel found on the site or workshop,

regardless of the quality of the same.

One of the most useful devices to prevent the risk of accidental detachment is the safety

hook that is fitted with a latch that prevents the chain or cable from detaching

accidentally.

Only those hooks equipped with safety devices or latches to prevent accidentaldetachment or with strong mechanical resistance will be used.

Never attempt to deform or alter the shape of a hook to increase its aperture to accept a

cable.

Never heat a hook, for example in order to solder a piece of material, as heating will

modify the characteristics of the steel.

An opened or bent hook will be replaced immediately.

When attaching a load, ensure that:

The load is supported on the base of the hook, never on the point.

That the safety device to prevent accidental detachment functions perfectly.

That no external force tends to deform the hook aperture. In some cases, themere swinging of the load can result in these external forces.

Rings and clips

Rings will be manufactured of forged steel and consist of a stirrup and a threaded axis

which is usually screwed to one of the arms of the stirrups.

The workload of the rings will be specified by the manufacturer according to the type

of steel and the thermal treatments to which it has been subjected.

It is very important that the axis of a ring or clip never be substituted with a pin,regardless of the quality of the same.


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Clips and rings come in a range of shapes although pear-shaped rings are recommended

as they offer the greatest resistance.

These elements will retain their geometrical shape over time.

Slings

Special attention will be paid to the strength of slings. There are numerous causes for

strength reduction:

Deterioration due to usage.

Knots, which reduce strength by 30 to 50%.

The welds of the end rings or eyes, even when expertly performed, reduce strength by15 to 20%.

Cable clips, even when used correctly and in sufficient number. Connections made in

this way reduce the strength of the sling by approximately 20%.

Hooks of the hoisting equipment will never be positioned on welds or points joined

using cable clips or joints. The connections or joints will be positioned on free areas

working only with traction.

The straps of two slings will never cross over one another on the hook, as in this case

one of the cable

Substation Methodology

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