Substances, Mixtures, Solubility Chapter 21. Section 1: Substances A substance is matter that has...
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Transcript of Substances, Mixtures, Solubility Chapter 21. Section 1: Substances A substance is matter that has...
![Page 1: Substances, Mixtures, Solubility Chapter 21. Section 1: Substances A substance is matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. Identity.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe91a28abf838cb6d9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Substances, Mixtures, Solubility
Chapter 21
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Section 1: Substances
•A substance is matter that has the same fixed composition and properties.
•Identity can be changed by chemical processes but not by physical processes.
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Elements
•An element is an example of a pure substance, it can NOT be broken down into simpler substances.
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Compounds
•A pure substance composed of two or more elements that chemically combine.
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Compounds
•Compounds also have fixed compositions.
•The ratio in a compound is always the same.
•Example: Water
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Join in definite ratio
•Ratio is according to the mass sizes.
•Water is hydrogen and oxygen
•1 gram of hydrogen for every 8 grams if oxygen
•1:8 mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
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To Form a Compound
•The atoms must chemically combine through a Chemical Change!
•Two or more elements react with one another.
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Unique Set of Properties
•Boiling Point
•Melting Point
•Density
•Color
•Reactivity with acid
•Reacts when exposed to light
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Breaking Down a Compound
•Heat
•Electric Current
•Chemical Reaction
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•COMPOUNDS CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY PHYSICAL CHANGE.
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Common Compounds•In NATURE
•Carbon Dioxide
•Sugar
•Proteins
•Water
•Sea Shells- Calcium
•Quartz
In Industry- Ammonia-Medicines-Food Preservatives-Synthetic Fibers
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Mixtures
•Mixtures are combinations of substanes that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.
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Mixtures
•Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are composed of. Example: Lemonade
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Mixtures
•A heterogenous mixture is a type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.
•Example: Seeds in a watermelon
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Mixtures
•A homogenous mixture contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.
•Kool-aid
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Mixtures
•Another name for a homegenous mixture is a solution.
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How does a solid solution form?
•The substance that dissolves-or seems to disappear- is called the solute.
•The substance that does the dissolving (or there is more of it) is called the solvent.
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Precipitate
•A precipitate is the solid that forms as a result of a chemical change.
•Soap Scum
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Liquid Solutions
•In liquid, the solvent is a liquid.
•Carbonated drinks are liquid-gas solutions. Carbon Dioxide is the gaseous solute and water is the solvent.
•In liquid-liquid solutions, both solvent and solute are liquids.
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Gaseous Solutions
•In gaseous solutions, a smaller amout of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.
•The air you breathe is a gaseous solutions.
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Solid Solutions
•In solid solutions, the solvent is a solid. The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
•Brass and Steel are common solid solutions.
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Solubility
•Water is the universal solvent.
•A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous solution.