Production IMAIN FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION FACILITYHori/VertSeparatorsGas is separated from liquids and water is separated from oilEnginer driven reciprocating compressorFor gas compressionTurbine driven centrifugal compressorHori/VertGlycol DehydratorRemoving watervapor from gasHori/VertDirect fired heater treatersRemoving water from oil and emulsion being treatedBasin sediment and water to be 0.5% to 3% of crudeGunbarrel tanks - where oil settles and gets treatedSalt limits are 10 to 25 pounds per 1000 bbl crudeLease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT)For accurate measuring and sampling of crude oilHori/VertSkimmer VesselsFor treating water - to be free from oil so that they canUpflow/Downflow CPIsbe reinjected into the reservoirFloatation unitsCross-flow coalescers/separatorsHydrocyclonesSedimentation tanksFor treating water - to be free from solid particles so that they canHydrocyclonesbe reinjected into the reservoirFiltersTo perform well testing and measurement so that gas, oil and waterproduction can be properly allocated to each well which is helpfulfor accounting and reservoir depletion purposesAUXILIARY SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT THE PRODUCTION STATED ABOVE1Developing infrastructure to locate the itemsProviding utlities to enable the process to workGenerating and distributing electricityProviding and treating fuel gas or dieselProviding instrument and power airTo power pnematic instruments and control valves to operateTreating water for desalting or boiler feedProviding facilitiesLiving quartersSwitchgear and control roomsWorkshopsCranesSewage treatment unitsSafety Systems for detecting HazardsMAKING THE EQUIPMENT WORKMain items of process equipment have automatic instrumentationthat control the pressure and liquid level and sometimes tempwithin the equipmentPressure ControllersPressure Control Valve with pnematic actuatorPressure ControllerLevel controllerOn/Off switchEver increasing/decreasing signalCapacitance and inductance probesPressure differential measuring devicesCONTROLLING THE PROCESSOperation of a Control ValveControl Valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature and flowBasic System ConfigurationWellhead and manifoldThe production system begins at the wellhead, which should include at least one choke, unless the well is on artificial liftPressure drop between well flowing tubing pressure (FTP) and initial separator operating pressure occurs across this chokeOn offshore facilities, an auto shutdown valve should be installed on the wellhead

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