Study on industrial policy and services (Eng)/ Estudio de política industrial y servicios (Ing)/...

8/2/2019 Study on industrial policy and services (Eng)/ Estudio de poltica industrial y servicios (Ing)/ Industri politikaren eta zerbitzuen analisia (Ing)

1/214

\xph an Bnhp|xrbmc Zacbl mnh\`rubl`|

Wbxfbn xf` Ermi`wark Lanxrmlx ae \`lxarmcLaiz`xbxbu`n`|| \xphb`| @NX_!:5!:08

Ebnmc _`zarx Zmrx B

Lcb`nx4 @praz`mn Laiib||ban Hbr`lxarmx`)G`n`rmc @nx`rzrb|` Bnhp|xr

Zmpc Omk`r Zrad`lx X`mi C`mh`r

Bmn Ibc`|

Cpb| _pomclmom

Narm Zcmb|b`r\mmrm Xmiibn`n

B|mo`cc` h` Uach`r`


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3/214

Hb|lcmbi`r4 Xf` ub`w| mnh zraza|bxban| `vzr`||`h f`r`bn mr` xfa|` ae xf` `vz`rx| mnh ha nax

n`l`||mrbc r`zr`|`nx mn aeeblbmc ub`w ae xf` @praz`mn Laiib||ban ar mn axf`r argmnb|mxban|

i`nxban`h bn xf` _`zarx

@LA_R\ N`h`rcmnh OU

Z.A. Oav 8=70


4/214


5/214

Zrèml`

Xfb| Ebnmc _`zarx fm| o``n zrahpl`h m| zmrx ae xf` \xph an Bnhp|xrbmc Zacbl mnh

\`rubl`| laiib||ban`h o xf` @praz`mn Laiib||ban Hbr`lxarmx` G`n`rmc ear @nx`rzrb|`

mnh Bnhp|xr# wbxfbn xf` lanx`vx ae xf` ermi`wark lanxrmlx an \`lxar Laiz`xbxbu`n`||

\xphb`| &@NX_!:5!:08".

Xf` Ebnmc _`zarx b| zpocb|f`h bn xwa zmrx|. Xf` ebr|x zmrx# wfblf b| lau`r`h bn xfb|

halpi`nx# zraubh`| xf` imbn omlkgrapnh mnmc|b| ae bnhp|xr)|`rubl` bnx`rmlxban| mnhlra||)lpxxbng zacbl xfì`| mnh b||p`|# xag`xf`r wbxf xf` @v`lpxbu` \piimr. Xf` |`lanh

zmrx# lau`r`h bn m |`zmrmx` halpi`nx# zraubh`| m rùb`w ae |bv |`c`lx`h |`rubl` |`lxar|

xfmx mr` f`mubc p|`h o bnhp|xr# xag`xf`r wbxf m |nxf`|b| ae xf` imbn ebnhbng| erai xf`

|`lxarmc mnmc|b|.

Xf` mnmc|b| lanxmbn`h bn xf` _`zarx fm| o``n pnh`rxmk`n o m x`mi ae lan|pcxmnx| erai

@LA_R\ N`xf`rcmnh| mnh BH@M Lan|pcx pnh`r xf` hbr`lxban ae xf` X`mi C`mh`r# Zmpc

Omk`r. Xf` zrad`lx x`mi fm| o``n |pzzarx`h o xfr`` `vx`rnmc `vz`rx|4 Zrae. Bmn Ibc`|

&Imnlf`|x`r Bn|xbxpx` ae Bnnaumxban _`|`mrlf"# wfa fm| o``n xf` imbn lanxrbopxar xa

\`lxban = ae xf` _`zarx# mnh Zrae. Cpb| _pomclmom &Pnbu`r|bx ae Mclmc# mnh Zr`|bh`nx ae

xf` @praz`mn M||albmxban ear \`rubl` _`|`mrlf# _@\@_" mnh F`nk Kav &LZO

N`xf`rcmnh|" wfa fmu` zraubh`h gpbhmnl` mnh mhubl`.


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7/214

@v`lpxbu` |piimr

Omlkgrapnh

An` ae xf` imbn |xrplxprmc lfmng`| bn r`l`nx h`lmh`| fm| o``n xf` |fbex bn ìzcai`nx

xawmrh| |`rubl`| bn fbgfc hù`caz`h `lanaib`|. Xfb| |fapch nax# fawù`r# o` `}pmx`h

wbxf h`)bnhp|xrbmcb|mxban. Bx rèc`lx| xf` h``z`nbng bnx`rnmxbanmc hbub|ban ae cmoapr mnh m

hb|mggr`gmxban ae zrùbap|c bnx`grmx`h u`rxblmc umcp` lfmbn|. M| m r`|pcx# xf` la|x# }pmcbx

mnh zrahplxbubx ae l`rxmbn |`rubl` |`lxar|# fmu` mn bizmlx an xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| aebnhp|xr. Bn mhhbxban# xf` laiz`xbxbu` mhumnxmg` ae imnpemlxprbng ebri| b| bnlr`m|bngc

h`rbu`h erai xf` umcp` lanxrbopx`h o |`rubl` zral`||`| m||albmx`h wbxf xf`br lar`

mlxbubx# wbxf laiz`xbxban |fbexbng mwm erai faw laizmnb`| opbch xf`br zrahplx|

xawmrh| faw w`cc xf` |`ru` lp|xai`r| oèar` mnh mex`r xf` zrahpl` mnh |`cc zrahplx|.

M| m lan|`}p`nl`# bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| mr` bn`vxrblmoc cbnk`h. Fawù`r# erai mn

`lanaibl# |xmxb|xblmc# mnh zacbl z`r|z`lxbu`# bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| fmu` cmrg`c o``n

xr`mx`h m| bnh`z`nh`nx ae `mlf axf`r.

Bn xf` ?::7 Ibh)x`ri rùb`w ae bnhp|xrbmc zacbl# xf` Laiib||ban bnxrahpl`h mn bnbxbmxbu`

an bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| xa lanhplx m h`xmbc`h |lr``nbng mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnmc|b|

ae xf` |`rubl` |`lxar| mnh xf`br bizmlx an bnhp|xrbmc laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnh# be n`l`||mr#

eprxf`r |`lxarmc ianbxarbng. Xf` apxlai` wapch o` xf` bh`nxbeblmxban ae mcc ao|xmlc`| xa

bizrau`h laiz`xbxbu`n`||# mnh za||boc` imrk`x embcpr`|# wfblf ibgfx dp|xbe mlxban| xa

mhhr`|| |z`lbebl zraocì| bn bnhbubhpmc bnhp|xrbmc mnh!ar |`rubl` |`lxar|.

\laz` ae xf` |xph

Xf` |xph fm| xfarapgfc mnmc|`h xf` zral`|| ae bnx`rmlxban o`xw``n |`rubl` zraubh`r|

mnh xf`br lcb`nx|# xf` b||p` ae |`rubl`| zrahplxbubx# mnh `vmibn`h |bv |`lxar| xfmx mr`

f bc h o b h x c b b h x f b c cxb x c x h


8/214

laiza|bxban ae |`rubl` bnzpx| mlra|| |`lxar|# xf`r` mr` |ai` mco`bx r`cmxbu`c zr`hblxmoc` zmxx`rn| xfmx ì`rg`4 ear `vmizc`# xf` bizarxmnl` ae xrmn|zarx |`rubl`| ear om|bl mnh

bnx`ri`hbmx` gaah| bnhp|xrb`|; r`nxbng ae imlfbn`r mnh `}pbzi`nx ear xf` lan|xrplxban

|`lxar mnh ibnbng; laizpx`r |`rubl`| ear aeebl` imlfbn`r mnh `}pbzi`nx#

laiipnblmxban `}pbzi`nx mnh zpocb|fbng mnh zrbnxbng; _H |`rubl`| ear xf` lfìblmc|

bnhp|xr; mnh# an xf` om|b| ae cbibx`h bnhbubhpmc lapnxr `|xbimx`|# xf` bizarxmnl` ae

mhu`rxb|bng mnh imrk`x r`|`mrlf ear lan|pi`r gaah| |`lxar| |plf m| zral`||`h eaah#

où`rmg`|# xaomlla# mnh xabc`xrb`|.

Apx|aprlbng Iplf mxx`nxban fm| o``n zmbh xa xfb| zf`nai`nan# opx bx wapch mzz`mr xfmx

xwa azza|bng xr`nh| mr` bn az`rmxban. \`rubl`| wbxfapx m hbr`lx r`cmxban xa xf` bnhp|xrbmc

zrahplx mr` bnlr`m|bngc o`bng apx|aprl`h xa |z`lbmcb|`h |`rubl` ebri|# mccawbng

laizmnb`| xa lanl`nxrmx` an xf`br lar` laiz`x`nl`|. \`rubl`| wfblf mr` iar` hbr`lxc

r`cmx`h xa xf` imnpemlxpr`h zrahplx &zrahplx mllaizmnbng |`rubl`|" mr` grawbng bn

bizarxmnl` wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng laizmnb`| mnh mr` c`|| cbk`c xa o` apx|aprl`h.

Eprxf`riar`# xf` emlx xfmx imn knawc`hg` mnh bnearimxban |`rubl`| mr` mi`nmoc` xalahbeblmxban mnh f`nl` BLX)`nmoc`h eari| ae hbgbxmc h`cbu`r lmn rmhblmcc mee`lx xf`

xrmhmobcbx ae |`rubl` apxzpx| mnh mc|a xf` bnx`rmlxban o`xw``n |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh xf`br

lcb`nx| mnh |pzzcb`r|.

Ear imn ebri|# bx b| pnr`mcb|xbl xa |z`mk ae mn apx|aprlbng lfabl` ear |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|

&b.`. o`xw``n bn)fap|` mnh `vx`rnmc |`rubl`| zraub|ban". Zmrxblpcmrc ear \I@|# bx im nax

o` za||boc` ear ebri| xa hù`caz bnx`rnmc lmzmobcbxb`| xa imxlf xfa|` aee`r`h o `vx`rnmc|`rubl`| zraubh`r|# ar bx im o` xfmx xf`br cù`c ae hìmnh b| bn|peeblb`nx xa mxxmbn xf`

ibnbipi cù`c n`l`||mr ear èe`lxbu` |`rubl`| zraub|ban ar xa mlfbù` `lanaib`| ae

|lmc` &ar |laz`" xfmx wapch imk` bnx`rnmc zraub|ban m e`m|boc` azxban. Bn |plf

lbrlpi|xmnl`|# xf` mlxpmc lfabl` b| o`xw``n nax pnh`rxmkbng xf` |`rubl` mlxbubx mnh

pxbcb|bng mn `vx`rnmc |`rubl` zraubh`r. Mll`|| xa |z`lbmcb|`h |`rubl` imrk`x| ) mnh xf` la|x

mnh }pmcbx ae xf` |`rubl`| mumbcmoc` wbxfbn xf` imrk`x lmn xfp| o`lai` lrbxblmc

`cì`nx| bn h`x`ribnbng au`rmcc z`rearimnl` mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`||.

Zrahplxbubx Op|bn`|| |`rubl`| g`n`rmcc z`reari omhc bn x`ri| ae xf`br awn zrahplxbubx

grawxf rmx`|# opx lmn lanxrbopx` xa rmb|bng xf` zrahplxbubx ae xf`br lcb`nx|. Fawù`r# bx b|

bizarxmnx xa hb|xbngpb|f o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng)om|`h mnh |`rubl`)om|`h mzzramlf`| xa

zrahplxbubx mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnmc|b|. \`rubl` h`cbu`r r`}pbr`|# xa m gr`mx`r ar c`||`r

x x x b x e h xb xf x e xf cb x \ b


9/214

xrmn|mlxban la|x| xa zax`nxbmc op|bn`|| |`rubl` lcb`nx| ae pxbcb|bng `vx`rnmc |`rubl`zraubh`r|# xfp| bnecp`nlbng xf` lfabl` au`r wf`xf`r xa bnx`rnmcb|` ar `vx`rnmcb|` |`rubl`

epnlxban|.

_`gpcmxar ermgi`nxmxban Hbee`r`nl`| bn nmxbanmc r`gpcmxar i`m|pr`| zcm m u`r

bizarxmnx rac` bn |fmzbng xf` hù`cazi`nx ae mcc xf` |`rubl` |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph.

Xf` nmxpr` mnh |xrbng`nl ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban| mlx m| omrrb`r| xa `nxr mnh h`x`ribn`

xf` za||bobcbxb`| ear ebri| xa mlfbù` `lanaib`| ae |lmc`.

Xf` èe`lx| ae |xrbng`nx r`gpcmxban| xfmx zcml` cbibxmxban| an xf` xz`| ae mlxbubxb`| xfmx

|`rubl`| zraubh`r| mr` mccaw`h xa aee`r# ar xfmx `nxmbc fbgf laizcbmnl` la|x|# mr` lc`mrc

rèc`lx`h bn xf` cù`c| ae lanl`nxrmxban mnh lan|acbhmxban ao|`ru`h bn nmxbanmc imrk`x|.

Ear `vmizc`# bn oaxf xf` zrbumx` |`lprbx |`lxar mnh xf` xìzarmr ìzcai`nx |`rubl`|

imrk`x# lapnxrb`| wbxf fbgf cù`c| ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban mr` lfmrmlx`rb|`h o iplf fbgf`r

h`gr``| ae imrk`x lanl`nxrmxban. O lanxrm|x# |xrbng`nx nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban| an wfa lmn

z`reari x`lfnblmc lan|pcxbng |`rubl`| bn |ai` Iìo`r \xmx`| mzz`mr xa fmu` xf` azza|bx`èe`lx# o lr`mxbng mn `nxr omrrb`r xa xf`|` nmxbanmc imrk`x| ear bnx`rnmxbanmc laiz`xbxar|

mnh r`|xrmbnbng xf` hù`cazi`nx ae cmrg`r laizmnb`|.

Cmoapr imrk`x r`gpcmxban|# xmv`|# mnh |albmc |`lprbx mr` mc|a ae zmrxblpcmr bizarxmnl` ear

cmoapr bnx`n|bu` |`lxar|# `|z`lbmcc bn x`ri| ae caw)|kbcc`h wark`r|# wfbc|x axf`r xmv

b||p`| mnh eb|lmc r`gpcmxban| &`.g. `nubrani`nxmc xmv`|" bnecp`nl` calmxban h`lb|ban| &`.g.

lanl`rnbng xrmn|zarx mnh hb|xrbopxban l`nxr`|".

Xf` za|bxban| ae bnhp|xr m||albmxban| lanl`rnbng lprr`nx r`gpcmxar `nubrani`nx| hbee`r#

fawù`r. Ear `vmizc`# wf`r`m| zrbumx` ìzcai`nx mg`nlb`| mr` g`n`rmcc bn emuapr ae

gr`mx`r imrk`x cbo`rmcb|mxban# xf` zrbarbx b||p` ear xf` zrbumx` |`lprbxb`| |`rubl` |`lxar b|

xa `n|pr` xfmx r`}pbrì`nx| mr` rmb|`h bn xfa|` Iìo`r \xmx`| wf`r` |`lprbx |`rubl`

zraubh`r| mr` |pod`lx xa u`r caw cù`c| ae r`gpcmxban. Ear oaxf xf`|` |`lxar|# n`bxf`r ae

wfblf b| lprr`nxc bnlcph`h wbxfbn xf` \`rubl`| Hbr`lxbu`# gr`mx`r @praz`mn

fmrianb|mxban ae |`lxar r`gpcmxban| mnh pcxbimx`c laizc`xban ae Bnx`rnmc Imrk`x rpc`| mr` |``n m| bizarxmnx.

Uacpnxmr mnh zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| Bnhp|xr mnh zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| bnlcphbng

lah`| ae zrmlxbl` b| mn mr`m wf`r` imn ae xf` |`lxar| mr` mlxbu`. Xa m cmrg` `vx`nx# xf`

h c x e b h x h x h h e o b b b x c xb c


10/214

\kbcc| |farxmg`| Cmoapr earl` mnh |kbcc| mnh xf` bnx`r)cbnkmg` wbxf pnh`rcbnghìagrmzfbl lfmng` mr` mn mr`m wf`r` mcc |`lxar| r`zarx bizarxmnx lfmcc`ng`|. An xf` an`

fmnh# ear caw)|kbcc`h# cmoapr)bnx`n|bu` |`rubl` |`lxar|# m |frbnkbng mlxbu` cmoapr earl`

lmn o` |``n xa zr`|`nx m zraocì ae |`lprbng m |peeblb`nx uacpi` ae cmoapr# zmrxblpcmrc

wf`r` xf` wark bx|`ce im o` m||albmx`h wbxf r`cmxbu`c pn|albmc ar zaar warkbng

lanhbxban| mnh b| |``n m| r`cmxbu`c pnmxxrmlxbu`. Xa |ai` `vx`nx# xfb| lmn o` |``n

rèc`lx`h bn# ear `vmizc`# xf` zrùmc`nl` ae ibnarbx mnh &bi"ibgrmnx cmoapr bn |`lxar|

|plf m| bnhp|xrbmc lc`mnbng. F`r`# rmb|bng |xmnhmrh|# xrmbnbng mnh |kbcc| ha`| nax ancbnuacu` èearx| xa bnlr`m|` xf` zrae`||banmcb|i mnh }pmcbx ae |`rubl`| zraub|ban# opx b|

mc|a |``n m| mn `cì`nx bn bnlr`m|bng xf` mxxrmlxbu`n`|| ae xf` |`lxar xa zax`nxbmc wark`r|.

\farxmg`| ae wark`r| wbxf |z`lbebl |kbcc| mr` m imdar lanl`rn ear knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu`

|`lxar| |plf m| laizpx`r r`cmx`h |`rubl`|# mnh `ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc |`rubl`|. Xf`|`

|`lxar| eml` `vx`rnmc lfmcc`ng`| erai lapnxrb`| wbxf m grawbng |xalk ae x`lfnblmcc)

|kbcc`h wark`r| &`.g. `ngbn``r|# BLX zrae`||banmc|# `xl." mnh f`nl` xf` bnlr`m|bng zax`nxbmc

ear aee)|farbng ae mlxbubxb`|. Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# xbgfx lanhbxban| bn calmc cmoapr imrk`x|

i`mn bnlr`m|`h laiz`xbxban erai axf`r |`lxar| xfmx im o` moc` xa aee`r iar` mxxrmlxbu`ìzcai`nx lanhbxban|.

Ear xf` zrbumx` ìzcai`nx mg`nlb`| |`lxar# wfblf lmn o` |``n m| mn bnx`ri`hbmr bn xf`

zral`|| ae cmoapr |pzzc mnh hìmnh imxlfbng# xf` bnlr`m|bng hbeeblpcx xfmx xf`br lcb`nx|

eml` bn r`lrpbxbng |kbcc`h mnh |z`lbmcb|`h wark`r| b| rèc`lx`h bn xf` emlx xfmx xfb| b| xf`

em|x`|x grawbng |`gi`nx ae xf` ìzcai`nx mg`nl op|bn`|| bn @praz`. Bn xfb| r`|z`lx#

hìagrmzfbl lfmng` mnh lfmngbng |kbcc| n``h| mnh mumbcmobcbx r`zr`|`nx bizarxmnxazzarxpnbxb`| ear xf` |`lxar. Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# `vb|xbng nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban mnh r`|xrblxban|

an xf` p|` ae xìzarmr mg`nl wark mr` bizarxmnx ear xf` |`lxar mnh xf`br lcb`nx| bn

|fmzbng nmxbanmc |kbcc| zraebc`| ae xìzarmr mg`nl wark`r|.

_`|`mrlf mnh bnnaumxban \kbcc| |farxmg`| zcml` cbibx| an xf` zax`nxbmc xa hrbu`

bnnaumxban mnh zrahplxbubx hù`cazi`nx|. Miang xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h bn xf` |xph# xfb|

b| ia|x aoubap| bn xf` lm|` ae |`lxar| |plf m| `ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc |`rubl`|#

laizpx`r)r`cmx`h |`rubl`| mnh xf` iar` |kbcc`h &xzblmcc BLX)r`cmx`h" |`gi`nx| aecagb|xbl| |`rubl`|# wfblf mr` f`mubc r`cbmnx pzan knawc`hg` |kbcc| xa hrbu` bnnaumxban

mnh# bn xprn# zrahplxbubx hù`cazi`nx|. M k` m|z`lx b| xf` grawbng laizc`vbx ae xf`

|`rubl`| o`bng r`}p`|x`h o lcb`nx|# wfblf r`|pcx| bn mn `vzmnhbng |laz` ae knawc`hg`

mnh |kbcc| r`}pbrì`nx| laiobn`h wbxf imnmgì`nx mnh argmnb|mxbanmc lmzmlbx xa fmnhc`

c d x Mx xf xb b h cb x x h x c


11/214

_H mnh bnnaumxban m|z`lx| mrb|` mc|a bn xf` x`lfnblmc hù`cazi`nx ae `}pbzi`nx mnh||xì| m||albmx`h wbxf c`|| knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` |`lxar| |plf m| |`lprbx |`rubl`| mnh#

ù`n# bnhp|xrbmc lc`mnbng. F`r`# mn bizarxmnx `cì`nx ae xf` knawc`hg` mnh bnnaumxban

`}pmxban r`|x| an xf` r`cmxban|fbz| o`xw``n xf` zraubh`r| ae `}pbzi`nx# imx`rbmc| mnh

||xì| mnh xf` |`rubl` zraubh`r| xfì|`cu`|. Xf`r` mzz`mr| xa o` |laz` ear

|xr`ngxf`nbng cbnkmg`| o`xw``n `}pbzi`nx imnpemlxpr`r|# |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh#

pcxbimx`c# |`rubl` lcb`nx| |a xfmx oaxf x`lfnacagblmc mnh argmnb|mxbanmc bnnaumxban| lmn

imk` m gr`mx`r lanxrbopxban xa `nfmnlbng xf` èeblb`nl mnh èe`lxbu`n`|| ae |`rubl`

zraub|ban.

Imrk`x mll`|| b||p`| ear xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph mr` o mnh cmrg` r`cmx`h xa

b||p`| ae hbu`r|bx ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxar ||xì| mnh r`|xrblxban| &| ` moau`". Ear

`vmizc`# fbgf laizcbmnl` la|x| lmn o` imdar biz`hbi`nx| xa xf` bnx`rnmxbanmcb|mxban ae

|`rubl` mlxbubxb`|# zmrxblpcmrc wf`r` zravbibx xa lcb`nx| mnh# f`nl`# `|xmocb|fbng m calmc

zr`|`nl` &`.g. xfrapgf EHB" b| n`l`||mr ear |pll`||epc bnx`rnmxbanmc hù`cazi`nx. Xf`

|xph fm| nax m||`||`h bn mn h`zxf imrk`x mll`|| b||p`| r`cmx`h xa imrk`x| apx|bh`@praz`. Xf`|` b||p`| mr` z`rfmz| ae ia|x bizarxmnl` ear xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar# wf`r` xf`

mr` u`r lca|`c cbnk`h xa cbo`rmcb|mxban ae xrmn|zarx imrk`x| mnh xrmh` emlbcbxmxban

i`m|pr`| &`.g. lp|xai| zral`hpr`|# bn|z`lxban| `xl." mnh r`|xrblxban| an EHB bn xf`

xrmn|zarx |`lxar. \caw zragr`|| bn ipcxbcmx`rmc n`gaxbmxban| an xrmh` emlbcbxmxban b| |``n m|

mn bizarxmnx biz`hbi`nx xa eprxf`r hù`cazi`nx ae xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar.

\xrplxprmc lfmng` b| lan|bh`r`h xa o` mn bizarxmnx b||p` ear mcc ae xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h oxf` |xph. Xa m cmrg` `vx`nx# xfb| rèc`lx| xf` rac` zcm`h o xf`|` |`lxar| bn xf`

`vx`rnmcb|mxban zral`|| &`.g. apx|aprlbng mnh aee)|farbng `xl."# wfblf# bn xprn# zraubh`| mn

bizarxmnx hrbu`r ae grawxf ear xf` |`lxar|. Xf` zrbumx` ìzcai`nx mg`nl |`lxar fm| m

u`r |z`lbebl rac` bn m||b|xbng op|bn`|| bn mhmzxbng xa |xrplxprmc lfmng` mnh lfmngbng

cmoapr r`}pbrì`nx|. Xf`r` b| mc|a mn bnlr`m|`h n``h ear zrbumx` |`lprbx |`rubl`| xa

`n|pr` gr`mx`r |pzzc lfmbn |`lprbx hp` xa ermgi`nxmxban ae umcp` lfmbn|. Mx xf` |mi`

xbi`# |xrplxprmc lfmng` b| mc|a xmkbng zcml` wbxfbn |`rubl` |`lxar| xfì|`cu`|. An` m|z`lx

ae xfb| b| xf` gr`mx`r |`gi`nxmxban ae |`rubl`| imrk`x| mnh zraubh`r|# rèc`lx`h bnlan|acbhmxban miang imdar zcm`r| mnh nblf` |xrmx`gb`| zpr|p`h o |imcc`r ebri| mnh

n`w `nxrmnx|. Bn mhhbxban# `vzmnhbng xf` |laz` ae |`rubl`| zraubh`h mnh xf` hù`cazi`nx

ae ipcxb)|`rubl` mnh an`)|xaz |faz mzzramlf`|# |plf m| emlbcbxb`| imnmgì`nx |`rubl`|#

b| m eprxf`r e`mxpr` ae |xrplxprmc lfmng` xmkbng zcml` wbxfbn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar.


12/214

gcaomc laiz`xbxban b| mn bizarxmnx emlxar bn xf` hù`cazi`nx ae xf` imrk`x. Ear `vmizc`#xf` `ngbn``rbng lan|pcxmnl |`lxar b| mcr`mh |``bng |ai` mlxbubxb`| o`bng apx|aprl`h xa

caw`r la|x r`gban| |plf m| Bnhbm# wf`r` xf`r` b| m zc`nxbepc |pzzc ae `ngbn``r|. Mx xf`

|mi` xbi`# gcaomc laiz`xbxar| mr` |xmrxbng xa o`lai` iar` zr`|`nx ù`n bn @praz`mn

imrk`x|. Wbxfbn xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar# Lfbn`|` laizmnb`| mr` o`laibng bnlr`m|bngc

bizarxmnx laiz`xbxar| mnh# lca|`r xa fai`# mn mhhbxbanmc lfmcc`ng` lai`| erai xf`

bnlr`m|bng mxxrmlxbu`n`|| ae @m|x`rn @praz` m| m calmxban ear cagb|xbl| mlxbubxb`|# hp` xa

oaxf caw`r la|x| mnh xf` grawxf ae imrk`x| bn xf` r`gban.

Erai xf` mnmc|b| lanxmbn`h bn xf` r`zarx# mnh eaccawbng xf` zabnx| rmb|`h moau`# xf`

eaccawbng mr`m| ae @P zacbl bnbxbmxbu`| |xmnh apx bn x`ri| ae xf`br g`n`rmc r`cùmnl` ear

xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph &|`` Xmoc` M"4

O`xx`r r`gpcmxban mnh |bizcbeblmxban. Miang xf` lprr`nx @P bnhp|xrbmc zacbl

bnbxbmxbu` mr`m| xfmx |xmnh apx bn x`ri| ae mlra|| xf` oamrh r`cùmnl` ear xf` |`lxar|

lau`r`h o xf` |xph mr` xf` xfì`| ae o`xx`r r`gpcmxban mnh |bizcbeblmxban &wbxf

zmrxblpcmr rè`r`nl` xa gr`mx`r fmrianb|mxban ae @P r`gpcmxar zacblb`| mnhermi`wark|" mnh axf`r |xmnhmrh| &wbxf zmrxblpcmr rè`r`nl` xa xf` hù`cazi`nx ae

@praz`mn hèbnbxban| mnh |xmnhmrh|# zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| mnh xrmbnbng# mnh o`|x

zrmlxbl` gpbh`cbn`|".

@izcai`nx# }pmcbeblmxban|# |kbcc| mnh ec`vblprbx b| mnaxf`r @P zacbl mr`m xfmx

|xmnh| apx m| o`bng fbgfc r`cùmnx ear op|bn`|| |`rubl`|. Bizraubng |kbcc| cù`c|#

rmb|bng zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| mnh mhhr`||bng cmoapr ar |z`lbebl |kbcc |farxmg`| mr`

rmb|`h m| bizarxmnx b||p`| ear mcc |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph. \`rubl`| mnh argmnb|mxbanmc bnnaumxban. Xf`r` b| mc|a m cbnk xa argmnb|mxbanmc

bnnaumxban mnh xf` za||bobcbxb`| xa `nfmnl` |`lxar z`rearimnl` xfrapgf

bizrauì`nx| bn xf` argmnb|mxban ae cmoapr)om|`h zral`||`| bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`|

|`lxar. M |`lanh m|z`lx ae |`rubl`| bnnaumxban r`cmx`| xa `nfmnlbng xf` bnx`reml`

o`xw``n |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh lcb`nx|# zmrxblpcmrc opx nax anc bn r`cmxban xa iar`

knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|. Ear xf`|` |`lxar|# iar` xrmhbxbanmc |`rubl`|

bnnaumxban &b.`. xfrapgf n`w |`rubl`)zrahplx bnnaumxban|" b| bizarxmnx ear bizraubng

z`rearimnl` mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`||.

_`laii`nhmxban| Xf` r`zarx lanxmbn| m wbh` rmng` ae r`laii`nhmxban| xfmx lapch |`ru`

xa bizrau` xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae xf` |`rubl` |`lxar# bx| bizmlx an xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae

bnhp|xr mnh xf` mobcbx ae imnpemlxprbng laizmnb`| xa zraubh` mhh`h)umcp` |`rubl`| xa

xf b x bc B h x b bxb xf boc xb h x b c x


13/214

Xmoc` M \`lxar |lr``nbng ae zacbl bnbxbmxbu`|4 mlxpmc ar zax`nxbmc r`cùmnl` ear xf` |`lxar

_`cùmnl`F`mhbng Bnbxbmxbu`

Bnhp|xrbmc

Lc`mnbng

\`rubl`|

\`lprbx

\`rubl`|

@izcai`nx

\`rubl`|

@ngbn``rbng

x`lfnblmc

\`rubl`|

Cagb|xbl|

|`rubl`|

Laizpx`r

r`cmx`h |`rubl`|

Xrmh` zacbl ) ) ) Xrmh`

Zraz`r epnlxbanbngae xf` BI

)

Zpocbl zralprì`nx )

Laiz`xbxban zacbl ) ) )

O`xx`r r`gpcmxban

mnh |bizcbeblmxban

X`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh| ) ) )

Axf`r |xmnhmrh|

O`xx`r

r`gpcmxban

F`mcxf mnh |me`x ) ) ) ) )

_`|`mrlf mnh

hù`cazi`nx) )

Bnx`cc`lxpmc zraz`rx

rbgfx|) ) ) )

Bnnaumxban zacbl ) ) )

@izcai`nx#

}pmcbeblmxban|# |kbcc| !

Ec`vblprbx

Knawc`hg`

mnh |kbcc|

Mll`|| xa ebnmnl` !

rb|k lmzbxmc) ) )

Wm|x`# wmx`r# mbr ) ) ) @n`rg mnh

`nubrani`nx Bnx`n|bu` n`rg

p|`) ) ) ) ) )

Argmnb|mxbanmc mnh

|`rubl`| bnnaumxban

\pzzarx ear

knawc`hg` bnx`n|bu`

op|bn`|| |`rubl`|

) ) )

I x h\`rubl`|


14/214


15/214

Xmoc` ae lanx`nx|

= Bnxrahplxban mnh `vx`nh`h au`rub`w ==.= _mxbanmc` ==.? Omlkgrapnh ==.


16/214

?.?.? Bn|xbxpxbanmc emlxar| bnecp`nlbng apx|aprlbng h`lb|ban| ?7?.?.


17/214


18/214


19/214

= Bnxrahplxban mnh `vx`nh`h au`rub`w

=.= _mxbanmc`

Xf` pnh`rcbng rmxbanmc` ear `vmibnbng |`rubl`| bn xf` lanx`vx ae bnhp|xrbmc zacbl b| xfmx

xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae imn imnpemlxprbng |`lxar|!laizmnb`| b| bn`vxrblmoc cbnk`h xa

xf` z`rearimnl` ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|# wf`xf`r `vx`rnmcc |pzzcb`h ar pnh`rxmk`n wbxfbn

imnpemlxprbng laizmnb`| xfì|`cu`|. Xa hmx`# fawù`r# erai m zacbl z`r|z`lxbu`#

bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| fmu` cmrg`c o``n xr`mx`h m| be xf` mr` bnh`z`nh`nx erai `mlf axf`r.

Xf` cbnkmg`| o`xw``n bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| i`mn xfmx imn bnhp|xrbmc zacbl i`m|pr`|

mbi`h mx bizraubng laiz`xbxbu`n`||# ar lazbng wbxf |xrplxprmc lfmng`# mr` cbk`c xa fmu` m

imdar bizmlx an |`rubl`| |`lxar| bn x`ri|# ear `vmizc`# ae ìzcai`nx mnh umcp` mhh`h.

Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# xf` imbn o`nèblbmrb`| ae |ai` i`m|pr`| mbi`h mx |`rubl` |`lxar|= mr`

cbk`c xa o` bnhp|xr |`lxar| xfmx mr` `bxf`r p|`r| ae xf`|` |`rubl`| ar ear wfblf xf`|`

|`rubl` |`lxar| r`zr`|`nx bizarxmnx imrk`x| ear xf`br zrahplx|. Eprxf`r# wf`r` |`rubl`)

r`cmx`h zraocì| mr` `nlapnx`r`h bn imnpemlxprbng |`lxar| bn x`ri| ae xf` mumbcmobcbx ae

|`rubl`| ar mll`|| xa imrk`x| ear |`rubl`|# ear `vmizc`? xf`n xfb| im r`}pbr`

&bnhp|xrbmc" zacbl i`m|pr`| mbi`h `vzcblbxc mx xf` |`rubl`| pzan wfblf imnpemlxprbng

h`z`nh|.

Xf` moau` laii`nx| bnhblmx` xf` n``h xa xmk` m iar` facb|xbl mzzramlf xa bnhp|xrbmc

zacbl xfmx lan|bh`r| bnhp|xr umcp`)lfmbn| bn m oramh`r lanx`vx mn mzzramlf xfmx caak|

oaxf pz mnh hawn xf` lfmbn. \plf mn mzzramlf |fapch mbi xa zraubh` m o`xx`rpnh`r|xmnhbng ae xf` bnx`rmlxban| o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl`| mnh xf` èe`lx| ae

xf`|` bnx`rmlxban| bn x`ri| ae hrbubng xf` hù`cazi`nx mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae

imnpemlxprbng &mnh |`rubl`" |`lxar|. Xfb| wbcc# bn xprn# `nmoc` xf` bizcblmxban| ear

bnhp|xrbmc zacbl xa o` bh`nxbeb`h.


20/214

ear `vx`rnmc |`rubl` bnzpx| zraubh`h o |z`lbmcb|`h |pzzcb`r| &m| azza|`h xa bn)fap|`zraub|ban ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|".

\`rubl`| mlxbubxb`| mr` mn bnx`grmc zmrx ae mn `lanaibl zral`||. Xfb| b| rèc`lx`h bn xf`

z`rum|bu` nmxpr` ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| bn mcc zrahplxban zral`||`| oaxf wbxfbn

imnpemlxprbng mnh bn axf`r |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|. \ai` cù`c ae |`rubl` bnzpx|# wf`xf`r

hrmwn erai wbxfbn m laizmn ar erai mn `vx`rnmc |`rubl` |pzzcb`r# mr` n`l`||mr ear xf`

imnpemlxpr` mnh |pzzc xa imrk`x ae mn imx`rbmc gaah. Iaràu`r# xf` xrmhbxbanmc

hblfaxai o`xw``n bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| b| o`laibng ù`r bnlr`m|bngc mrxbeblbmc# m| xf`

oapnhmrb`| o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl`| mlxbubxb`| mnh |`lxar| o`lai` iar` mnh

iar` ocprr`h. Imn apxzpx| lan|b|x ae laiobn`h |`rubl`| mnh imnpemlxpr`h zrahplx|#

wfblf im o` |pzzcb`h o laizmnb`| erai `bxf`r xf` |`rubl`| |`lxar ar

imnpemlxprbng |`lxar. Ear imn bnhp|xrb`|# xf` mhhbxbanmc |`rubl`| `cì`nx|

|prrapnhbng xf` lar` zrahplx mr` m imdar ealp| ae laiz`xbxban bn bnhp|xrbmc mnh lan|pi`r

imrk`x| mcbk`# mnh imnpemlxpr`r| bnlr`m|bngc h`rbu` laiz`xbxbu` mhumnxmg` erai xf`

umcp` lanxrbopx`h o |`rubl`| zral`||`| m||albmx`h wbxf xf`br lar` mlxbubxb`|.

Bn xfb| lanx`vx# xf` grawxf bn xf` |fmr` ae `lanaibl mlxbubx mxxrbopx`h xa |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|

mnh |`lxar| |fapch nax o` |``n |bizc m| bnlr`m|bng h`bnhp|xrbmcb|mxban ae xf` `lanai.

_mxf`r# bn zmrx# bx lmn mc|a o` mxxrbopx`h xa m grawbng bnx`rh`z`nh`nl` o`xw``n |`rubl`|

mnh imnpemlxprbng bnhp|xrb`| xfmx rèc`lx| xf` h``z`nbng hbub|ban &|z`lbmcb|mxban" ae

mlxbubxb`| mnh xf` hb|mggr`gmxban ae zrùbap|c bnx`grmx`h umcp` lfmbn|. Xfb| lmn o`

ao|`ru`h xfrapgf xf` bnlr`m|bng |fmr` ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| xfmx b| n`l`||mr ear# ar

laizcì`nxmr xa# imnpemlxprbng zrahplxban mnh xfmx fm|# m| m lan|`}p`nl`# xf` èe`lx ae

rmb|bng xf` bnx`rh`z`nh`nl` o`xw``n |`rubl`| mnh imnpemlxprbng bnhp|xrb`| &Zbcmx mnh

Wcec &?::0"


21/214

&KBO\" ) xa bnhp|xrbmc z`rearimnl`. Xf` @praz`mn Laiib||ban| awn Laiipnblmxban anop|bn`|| |`rubl`| fbgfcbgfx`h xfmx xf` k` bizarxmnl` ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| cb`| bn xf`br

hnmibl cbnk| mnh lanxrbopxban xa xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae @P Bnhp|xr. Mn bizarxmnx

`cì`nx bn @P laiz`xbxbu`n`|| zacbl b| xa zraiax` bnxmngboc` bnu`|xi`nx &knawc`hg`

lr`mxban# }pmcbx# bnnaumxban# imnmgì`nx `xl.". \`rubl`| mr` aex`n r`}pbr`h xa |pzzc k`

`cì`nx| ae |plf bnu`|xi`nx|. F`nl`# xa zraiax` bnxmngboc` bnu`|xi`nx| mc|a r`}pbr`| xf`

zraiaxban ae |`rubl`|.

Xfb| i`||mg` wm| mgmbn r`z`mx`h bn xf` Laiib||ban| ibh)x`ri rùb`w ae bnhp|xrbmc

zacbl pnh`r xf` @P| Grawxf mnh Dao| \xrmx`g0 &Cb|oan \xrmx`g"# wfblf nax`h xfmx

xf` la|x# }pmcbx mnh zrahplxbubx ae l`rxmbn |`rubl` |`lxar|# bn zmrxblpcmr Knawc`hg`

Bnx`n|bu` Op|bn`|| \`rubl`|# fmu` mn bizmlx an xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae bnhp|xr. Ear

`vmizc`# r`gpcmxban| wfblf mee`lx xf` z`rearimnl` ae zrae`||banmc mnh axf`r op|bn`||

|`rubl`|# ebnmnlbmc |`rubl`| ar r`xmbc mnh hb|xrbopxban mc|a fmu` mn bizmlx an bnhp|xr. Bn

mhhbxban# laiz`xbxbu` n`xwark bnhp|xrb`| `nfmnl` xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae bnhp|xr m| m

wfac`. Eprxf`riar`# bnhp|xr b| oaxf m p|`r mnh zraubh`r ae m grawbng rmng` ae |`rubl`|r`cmx`h xa bnnaumxbu` x`lfnacagb`| mnh zrahplx|.

=.


22/214

mlxbubxb`| xzblmcc m||albmx`h wbxf zpocbl |`lxar zraub|ban &b.`. C# I# N" mnh axf`rlaiipnbx# |albmc mnh z`r|anmc |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| &A". Bn x`ri| ae xf` |laz` ae bnhp|xr#

xfb| lau`r| imnpemlxprbng &H"# nan)`n`rg `vxrmlxbu` bnhp|xrb`| &LO"# mnh lan|xrplxban

&E".

=.8 G`n`rmc @P zacbl lanx`vx

H`|zbx` xf` emlx xfmx xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae imn imnpemlxprbng |`lxar|# mnh xf` ebri|#

xf`r`bn# b| bn`vxrblmoc cbnk`h xa xf` z`rearimnl` ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| wf`xf`r `vx`rnmcc

|pzzcb`h ar bnx`grmx`h wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`| fmu` cmrg`c o``n

xr`mx`h m| bnh`z`nh`nx ae `mlf axf`r erai m zacbl z`r|z`lxbu`. Iaràu`r# xf` h`zxf ae

zacbl hù`cazi`nx wbxf r`gmrh xa |`rubl`| b| naxbl`moc |fmccaw wf`n laizmr`h xa xfmx

ear imnpemlxprbng. Xa hmx`# mx mn @P cù`c# xf` ealp| ear |`rubl`| zacbl fm| o``n an

r`gpcmxar i`m|pr`| bn xf` xwa imbn mr`m| ae laiz`xbxban zacbl mnh bnx`rnmc imrk`x

zacbl. Bn mr`m| ae laizcì`nxmr &nan)r`gpcmxar" zacbl# wfblf b| zr`lb|`c xf` mr`m

wf`r` @P bnhp|xrbmc zacbl b| ia|x mlxbu`# |`rubl`|)r`cmx`h zacblb`| mr` |xbcc cmrg`c bn mnìoranbl |xmg`. Nan`xf`c`||# xf` bizarxmnl` ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`|# mnh bn zmrxblpcmr

knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| &KBO\"# xa bnhp|xrbmc z`rearimnl` fm| o``n

fbgfcbgfx`h bn xf` @praz`mn Laiib||ban| awn Laiipnblmxban| an bnhp|xrbmc zacbl.

=.0 Au`rub`w ae bnhp|xr)|`rubl`| bnx`rmlxban|

M cax ae mxx`nxban fm| o``n gbu`n xa xf` lfmcc`ng`| ear @praz`mn bnhp|xr r`|pcxbng eraixwa pnh`rcbng xr`nh| xfmx fmu` bizarxmnx bizcblmxban| ear xf` bnhp|xr)|`rubl`|

bnx`rmlxban|. Ebr|xc# xf`r` b| xf` bizmlx ae gcaomcb|mxban# wfblf b| na cang`r dp|x moapx

xrmh` bn gaah|# opx bnlr`m|bngc bnuacu`| xf` ermgi`nxmxban ae umcp` lfmbn|# xf`

apx|aprlbng ae bnx`ri`hbmx` bnzpx| mnh xm|k| mnh xf` bnlr`m|bng zraub|ban ae bnx`grmx`h

opnhc`| ae |`rubl`| mnh imnpemlxprbng mlxbubxb`|. \`lanhc# xf`r` b| xf` rmzbh zml` ae

x`lfnacagblmc lfmng`# naxmoc bn r`cmxban xa bnearimxban mnh laiipnblmxban x`lfnacagb`|

&BLX"# xfmx nax anc fm| zraeapnh bizcblmxban| ear imnpemlxpr`r|# opx mc|a ear |`rubl`

zraubh`r| bn x`ri| ae oaxf `)laii`rl` &hbgbxmc h`cbu`r ae |`rubl` bnzpx| mnh apxzpx|" mnhbn xf` argmnb|mxban# laarhbnmxban mnh imnmgì`nx ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|.

Iplf ae xf` lprr`nx hb|lp||ban ae |`rubl` |`lxar hù`cazi`nx| mnh bnhp|xr)|`rubl`

bnx`rmlxban| fm| ealp||`h an xf` `vx`rnmcb|mxban &apx|aprlbng" ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|#


23/214

\`rubl`| wfblf mr` iar` hbr`lxc r`cmx`h xa xf` imnpemlxpr`h zrahplx &zrahplx)mllaizmnbng |`rubl`|" mr` grawbng bn bizarxmnl` wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng laizmnb`|#

mnh mr` c`|| cbk`c xa o` apx|aprl`h.

Xf` rmzbh zml` ae x`lfnacagblmc lfmng` mnh bx| m||albmxban wbxf xf` |a)lmcc`h knawc`hg`

`lanai fm| mc|a ealp||`h mxx`nxban an xf` rac` ae# mnh r`cmxban|fbz| o`xw``n# |`rubl`|

mnh bnhp|xr. An xf` an` fmnh# xfb| fm| o``n rèc`lx`h bn xf` mxx`nxban gbu`n xa xf` rmzbh

grawxf ae wfmx mr` laiianc rè`rr`h xa m| /Knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` op|bn`|| |`rubl`|/

&KBO\" mnh xf`br rac` bn xf` lr`mxban mnh hbeep|ban ae knawc`hg` xa imnpemlxprbng. An xf`

axf`r fmnh# xf`r` b| xf` emlx xfmx imn knawc`hg` mnh bnearimxban |`rubl`| mr` mi`nmoc`

xa lahbeblmxban mnh# m| m r`|pcx# BLX)`nmoc`h eari| ae hbgbxmc xrmn|ib||ban lmn rmhblmcc

mee`lx xf` xrmhmobcbx &oaxf gàgrmzfblmcc mnh bn xbi`" ae |`rubl` apxzpx| mnh xf`

bnx`rmlxban o`xw``n |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh xf`br lcb`nx| mnh |pzzcb`r|.

=.0.= Apx|aprlbng ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|

M rmng` ae zax`nxbmc mhumnxmg`| mnh hb|mhumnxmg`| ae apx|aprlbng |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| lmn

o` bh`nxbeb`h. Miang xf` mhumnxmg`| ae `vx`rnmcc)zraubh`h |`rubl`| mr`4 caw`r la|x#

mll`|| xa |`rubl`| xfmx lmnnax o` zraubh`h bn)fap|`# |pz`rbar }pmcbx# |z``h ae h`cbu`r#

bnlr`m|`h ec`vbobcbx xa r`|zanh xa hìmnh ar x`lfnacagblmc lfmng`| mnh xf` za||bobcbx xa

ealp| bnx`rnmc r`|aprl`| an lar` laiz`x`nl`|. Mgmbn|x xf`|` ip|x o` w`bgf`h

hb|mhumnxmg`| |plf m|4 ca|| ae bnx`rnmc knawc`hg`# h`z`nh`nl` an `vx`rnmc |pzzcb`r|# xf`

rb|k ae |`c`lxbng xf` /wrang/ |`rubl` |pzzcb`r|# ca|| ae imnmgì`nx lanxrac mnh xf`

xrmn|mlxban la|x| &b.`. |`c`lxban# imnmg`rbmc mnh argmnb|mxbanmc" ae apx|aprlbng. Au`rmcc#

xfapgf apx|aprlbng b| xf` zr`haibnmnxc ao|`ru`h op|bn`|| zral`||# xf` `vb|x`nl` ae oaxf

mhumnxmg`| mnh hb|mhumnxmg`| ae apx|aprlbng `vzcmbn| xf` |bipcxmnàp| la`vb|x`nl` ae

apx|aprlbng mnh &r`)"bnx`rnmcb|mxban zral`||`|.

Bn x`ri| ae |`rubl` epnlxban| xfmx mr` |pod`lx xa apx|aprlbng# ùbh`nl` |pgg`|x| xfmx xf`|`

x`nh xa o` |`rubl`| |plf m| xrmn|zarx# cagb|xbl| mnh za|xmc |`rubl`|# r`nxbng mnh az`rmxbanmc

c`m|bng# imrk`xbng mnh |mc`| mnh BX |`rubl`|# wbxf emlbcbxb`| imnmgì`nx mc|a o`bng aebizarxmnl` ear cmrg`r laizmnb`|. Bx mc|a mzz`mr| xa o` xf` lm|` xfmx imnpemlxprbng

laizmnb`| wbxf m zr`haibnmnl` ae fbgf wmg` za|bxban| &fbgf |kbcc laizmnb`|" x`nh xa

apx|aprl` caw)|kbcc# cmoapr)bnx`n|bu` |`rubl`| |plf m| lc`mnbng# wfbc` r`xmbnbng lca|`r)xa)

lar` mlxbubxb`| cbk` ebnmnlbmc ar c`gmc |`rubl`| mnh xfmx xf` rù`r|` zmxx`rn b| xrp` ear caw

&c kbcc" b


24/214

=.0.? Hbgbxmc h`cbu`r bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar

Op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mr` o`bng r`|fmz`h o xf` mzzcblmxban ae BLX mnh xf` |fbex xawmrh| iar`

bnx`n|bu` ancbn` h`cbu`r. Eprxf`r# ù`n ear |`rubl` xz`| xfmx mr` nax bn xfì|`cu`|

mi`nmoc` xa hbgbxmc zraub|ban &`.g. imnpmc |`rubl`|"# xf` p|` ae BLX fm| bizarxmnx

bizcblmxban| ear xf` imnmgì`nx mnh argmnb|mxban ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|. Xf` mhumnxmg`|

orapgfx xa laizmnb`| xfrapgf hbgbxmc h`cbu`r lmn o` lfmrmlx`rb|`h bn x`ri| ae oaxf xf`

zax`nxbmc imrk`x |bt` &r`mlf" mnh xf` }pmcbx ae bnx`rmlxban| o`xw``n m |`rubl` zraubh`r

mnh xf`br lcb`nx| &rblfn`||". Fawù`r# bn k``zbng wbxf xf` zabnx imh` moau`# ùbh`nl`

|pgg`|x| xfmx lra||)oarh`r hbgbxmc h`cbu`r ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| rìmbn| }pbx` cbibx`h.

Xf`r` ha`| nax mzz`mr xa o` iplf bnearimxban mumbcmoc` an zmxx`rn| ae p|` ae BLX)

`nmoc`h x`lfnacagb`| mnh hbgbxmc h`cbu`r o hbee`r`nx |`rubl` |`lxar|. Xf`r` b| |ai`

ùbh`nl` xa |pgg`|x# m| im z`rfmz| o` `vz`lx`h# xfmx KBO\ mzz`mr xa imk` gr`mx`r p|` ae

ancbn` x`lfnacagb`| xa |fmr` halpi`nx| mnh z`reari laccmoarmxbu` wark xfmn b| xf` lm|èar Az`rmxbanmc Op|bn`|| \`rubl`| &AO\"# wf`r`m| AO\ imk` gr`mx`r p|` ae |plf

x`lfnacagb`| xa imnmg` x`lfnblmc zral`||`| mnh warkecaw|.

=.0.


25/214

=.0.8 Bnhp|xr p|` ae imrk`x |`rubl`|# ùbh`nl` erai bnzpx)apxzpx hmxm

Xf` rùb`w ae `lanaibl mnh op|bn`|| cbx`rmxpr` zraubh`| |ai` zabnx`r| xa xf` r`cmxbu`

bizarxmnl` ae `vx`rnmc zraub|ban ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| bn x`ri| ae xf` xz`| ae |`rubl`

mlxbubxb`| xfmx mr` apx|aprl`h mnh# xa m c`||`r `vx`nx# hbee`r`nl`| bn zmxx`rn| ae `vx`rnmc

|`rubl` p|` mlra|| bnhp|xr |`lxar|. Apr awn mnmc|b|# om|`h an p|` ae @P mnh bnhbubhpmc

Iìo`r \xmx`| Bnzpx)Apxzpx &B)A" hmxm x`nh| xa |pzzarx xf` oramh cbn`| ae zrùbap|

ebnhbng|. Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# apr mnmc|b| zabnx| xa m u`r fbgf h`gr`` ae f`x`rag`n`bx bn

zmxx`rn| ae |`rubl`| bnzpx| mlra|| |`lxar| mnh lapnxrb`| mnh ear xf` |mi` |`lxar mlra||

hbee`r`nx lapnxrb`|# xfapgf# bn zmrx# xfb| im rèc`lx hbee`r`nl`| bn |xmxb|xblmc mzzramlf`| mx

xf` lapnxr cù`c. Xfb| |pgg`|x| xfmx lan|bh`rmoc` lmpxban b| n``h`h wf`n xrmn|cmxbng

ìzbrblmc ebnhbng| bnxa zacbl r`laii`nhmxban|# zmrxblpcmrc be xfb| bnuacu`| g`n`rmcb|bng

lapnxr)|z`lbebl ebnhbng| bnxa @P)wbh` m||`||i`nx| &ar p|bng ipcxb)lapnxr mnmc|b| m|

xf` om|b| ear bnhbubhpmc lapnxr zacbl bnbxbmxbu`|". Bx mc|a zraubh`| m |xrang bnhblmxban xfmx

|`rubl` imrk`x| wbxfbn xf` @P rìmbn fbgfc ermgi`nx`h.

Naxwbxf|xmnhbng xf` moau` laii`nx|# |ai` r`m|anmoc lan|b|x`nx zmxx`rn| ì`rg`.

Caakbng mlra|| lapnxrb`|# |`rubl` bnzpx| bnxa imnpemlxprbng m| m zrazarxban ae xaxmc

zrahplxban la|x| mzz`mr za|bxbu`c r`cmx`h xa xf` |bt` mnh cù`c ae hù`cazi`nx ae xf`

`lanai# wbxf gr`mx`r p|` ae `vx`rnmc |`rubl` bnzpx| bn ach Iìo`r \xmx`| laizmr`h xa

n`w an`|. Bn x`ri| ae xf` laiza|bxban ae |`rubl` bnzpx| mlra|| |`lxar|# xf`r` mr` |ai`

mco`bx r`cmxbu`c zr`hblxmoc` zmxx`rn| xfmx ì`rg`. Xf`|` bnlcph`# ear `vmizc`# xf`

bizarxmnl` ae xrmn|zarx |`rubl`| ear om|bl mnh bnx`ri`hbmx` gaah| bnhp|xrb`|; r`nxbng ae

imlfbn`r mnh `}pbzi`nx ear xf` lan|xrplxban |`lxar mnh ibnbng; laizpx`r |`rubl`| ear

aeebl` imlfbn`r mnh `}pbzi`nx# laiipnblmxban `}pbzi`nx mnh zpocb|fbng mnh zrbnxbng;

_H |`rubl`| ear xf` lfìblmc| bnhp|xr; mnh# an xf` om|b| ae cbibx`h bnhbubhpmc lapnxr

`|xbimx`|# xf` bizarxmnl` ae mhu`rxb|bng mnh imrk`x r`|`mrlf ear lan|pi`r gaah| |`lxar|

|plf m| zral`||`h eaah# où`rmg`|# xaomlla# mnh xabc`xrb`|.

=.5 \`rubl` lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| mnh bizcblmxban| ear zrahplxbubx

=.5.= Xf` zrahplxbubx mnh ìzcai`nx lfmcc`ng` ear op|bn`|| |`rubl`|

Op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mr` mlxbubxb`| xfmx z`reari r`cmxbu`c omhc bn x`ri| ae xf`br awn

zrahplxbubx grawxf rmx`|# opx wfblf lmn o` bizarxmnx bn x`ri| ae xf`br lanxrbopxban xa xf`


26/214

lan|bh`rmxban nax anc wf`xf`r xf` n`x lfmng` bn ìzcai`nx b| za|bxbu` ar n`gmxbuàu`rmcc# opx mc|a lfmng`| bn xf` }pmcbx ae dao| o`bng lr`mx`h.

=.5.? Xf` n``h ear n`w mzzramlf`| xa lfmrmlx`rb|bng mnh i`m|prbng zrahplxbubx bn |`rubl`|

Xf` lfmrmlx`rb|mxban ae |`rubl`| bn x`ri| xf` emlxar| xfmx h`x`ribn` xf`br z`rearimnl` mnh

xf` wm| bn wfblf xf`|` im hbee`r erai xrmhbxbanmc imnpemlxprbng)om|`h mzzramlf`| xa

`lanaibl mnmc|b| fm| o``n m r`cmxbu`c n`gc`lx`h mr`m ae r`|`mrlf. Bx b|# fawù`r#

bizarxmnx xa hb|xbngpb|f o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng)om|`h mnh |`rubl`)om|`h mzzramlf`|

xa zrahplxbubx mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnmc|b|. Xfb| b| zmrxblpcmrc xf` lm|` bn xf` lanx`vx ae

xf` |fbex bn xf` `lanaibl zmrmhbgi xawmrh| xf` knawc`hg` `lanai mnh ec`vboc`

zrahplxban iah`|# wfblf ìzfm|b|`| xf` bizarxmnl` ae emlxar| |plf m| zrahplx!|`rubl`

umrb`x# bnnaumxban# lp|xaib|mxban# mnh |`rubl`)zrahplx zmlkmg`|. Eprxf`riar`# eaccawbng

erai xf` zabnx imh` moau`# bx b| bizarxmnx xa r`lagnb|` xfmx xf` |xmnhmrh zrahplxbubx

iah`c# wfblf |`zmrmx`| xf` zrahpl`r erai xf` lp|xai`r# b| bn|peeblb`nx bn xf` lanx`vx ae

|`rubl` zral`||`| bnlarzarmxbng la)zrahplxban.

M| m |xmrxbng zabnx# bx b| bnlr`m|bngc r`lagnb|`h xfmx iar` |azfb|xblmx`h mzzramlf`| xa

lcm||bebng |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| mr` r`}pbr`h# wfblf hbee`r`nxbmx` |`rubl`| mllarhbng xa

pnh`rcbng lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| xfmx im bnecp`nl` xf`br hù`cazi`nx mnh z`rearimnl` mnh

wfblf mr`# xf`rèar`# iar` r`cùmnx ear bnearibng zacbl mnmc|b|. Bn xfb| lanx`vx# mnh

c`mubng m|bh` lan|pi`r |`rubl`|# bx fm| o`lai` narimc xa lcm||be op|bn`||)r`cmx`h

|`rubl`| bnxa xfr`` imbn lmx`garb`|4 N`xwark)xz` |`rubl`|# Knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu`

op|bn`|| |`rubl`| &KBO\" mnh Az`rmxbanmc op|bn`|| |`rubl`| &AO\". Xf` hb|xbngpb|fbng

e`mxpr` ae KBO\ mnh AO\# wf`n laizmr`h xa n`xwark)xz` |`rubl`|# b| xfmx xf` |`ru` m|

bnx`ri`hbmx` bnzpx| xfmx laizcì`nx ar |po|xbxpx` ear bn)fap|` |`rubl` epnlxban|. Bn axf`r

warh|# xf` mr` |`rubl`| ear wfblf xf`r` b| m za||boc` lfabl` o`xw``n `vx`rnmc ar bnx`rnmc

zraub|ban. Wf`n laizmrbng AO\ wbxf KBO\# AO\ x`nh xa o` iar` er`}p`nxc om|`h an

imnpmc zral`||`| mnh xa o` r`cmxbu`c |xmnhmrhb|`h# wfbc` KBO\ bnuacu` knawc`hg`)om|`h

zral`||`| mnh x`nh xa o` iar` lcb`nx)|z`lbebl.

Opbchbng an xf` moau` xzacag ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|# m npio`r ae lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| lmn o`

bh`nxbeb`h xfmx |`ì xa o` bizarxmnx ear pnh`r|xmnhbng xf` pnh`rcbng h`x`ribnmnx| ae

z`rearimnl` mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`||4

Xf` za||bobcbx ae lfabl` o`xw``n bnx`rnmc u`r|p| `vx`rnmc zraub|ban;

C o b x b bx c b x b b


27/214

b||p` ear |`rubl`| zrahplxbubx lmn o` |``n xa o` xf` r`cmxbu` bizarxmnl` ae xf` èeblb`nlae zrahplxban mnh xf` èe`lxbu`n`|| ae zrahplxban.

Xzblmcc# xf` iar` m |`rubl` laiobn`| xf` lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| ae o`bng |xmnhmrhb|`h#

zrahpl`h bn m lca|`h ||xì an m lanxbnpap| om|b| mnh o`bng bnlmzmoc` ae o`bng zrahpl`h

bn)fap|` &b.`. lca|`r xa xf` lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| ae xrmhbxbanmc imnpemlxprbng zrahplxban"# xf`n

xf` gr`mx`r xf` rac` ae èeblb`nl bn h`x`ribnbng au`rmcc zrahplxbubx. Lanu`r|`c#

èe`lxbu`n`|| wbcc o` iar` bizarxmnx ear |`rubl`| xfmx laiobn` lfmrmlx`rb|xbl| ae o`bng

lp|xaib|`h# hb|lr`x`# zrahpl`h bn az`n ||xì|# mnh ear wfblf bnx`rnmc zrahplxban b|zax`nxbmcc m lca|`r |po|xbxpx`. Xfp|# w` lmn |``# an xf` an` fmnh# m |`x ae lanhbxban|

zp|fbng xawmrh| èeblb`nl mnh |lmc` èe`lx| m| o`bng bizarxmnx h`x`ribnmnx| ae

zrahplxbubx mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnh# an xf` axf`r# mnaxf`r |`x ae lanhbxban| zp|fbng

xawmrh| èe`lxbu`n`|| mnh |z`lbmcb|x zraub|ban ae |`rubl`|.

=.7 \`rubl`|)r`cmx`h zacbl b||p`|

Xf` mnmc|b| bnlcph`h bn xfb| _`zarx rmb|`| m npio`r ae lanl`zxpmc b||p`| xfmx fmu`

zax`nxbmc bizcblmxban| ear zacbl)imkbng. Oèar` h`|lrbobng xf`|` b||p`|# bx b| r`m|anmoc`

xa i`nxban |ai` cbibxmxban| ae xf` cbx`rmxpr` mnh mnmc|b| an xf` rac` ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`|#

xf` h`x`ribnmnx| ae xf`br z`rearimnl`# mnh xf`br lanxrbopxban xa xf` z`rearimnl` ae lcb`nx

bnhp|xrb`|.

Erai m oramh# |`rubl`)wbh` z`r|z`lxbu`# xf`r` b| m grawbng oah ae mnmc|b| an xf`

lanxrbopxban ae |`rubl`| xa au`rmcc `lanaibl z`rearimnl`. An` m||`||i`nx ae mumbcmoc`

ìzbrblmc |xphb`|# fawù`r# nax`| xfmx wfbc` xf`|` bccp|xrmx` xf` laizc`vbx ae |`rubl`)

imnpemlxprbng bnx`rmlxban| mnh èe`lx| an zrahplxbubx grawxf mnh ìzcai`nx# xf` cmlk

ae laizmrmobcbx mlra|| |xphb`| cbibx| xf`br p|èpcn`|| ear hrmwbng zacbl lanlcp|ban|.

Xf`r` mc|a mzz`mr| xa o` |ai`xfbng ae mn pnh`rcbng obm| bn xf` mxx`nxban gbu`n xa

hbee`r`nx |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|. Wfbc` xf`r` b| bn r`cmxbu` x`ri| m r`m|anmoc `vx`n|bu`

oah ae cbx`rmxpr` caakbng mx op|bn`|| |`rubl`| m| m wfac` ar ealp|bng an knawc`hg`)

bnx`n|bu` op|bn`|| |`rubl`|# xf`r` mzz`mr| xa o` m u`rbxmoc` zmplbx ae ìzbrblmc ùbh`nlàn xf` |z`lbeblbxb`| mnh zrahplxbubx z`rearimnl` ae az`rmxbanmc op|bn`|| |`rubl`|.

M| nax`h bn xfb| _`zarx# op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mr` u`r f`x`rag`nàp| mnh |pod`lx xa m wbh`

rmng` ae op|bn`|| iah`c| mnh z`rearimnl` hrbu`r|. Xfp|# xf` cmlk ae hbee`r`nxbmxban mnh


28/214

m| r`zpxmxban mnh z`r|anmc `vz`rb`nl`. Wf`r` r`zpxmxban èe`lx| mlx xa r`|xrblx imrk`xmll`|| ear zax`nxbmc n`w `nxrmnx| ar cbibx| xfì xa caw imrgbn |`gi`nx| ae xf` imrk`x#

xfb| im r`|pcx bn lcb`nx| zmbng xaa fbgf m zrbl` ear |`rubl`|. Bn mhhbxban# m| au`rlaibng

bnearimxban m|ii`xrb`| bizcb`| mhhbxbanmc la|x| ear zax`nxbmc |`rubl` lcb`nx| &b.`. bn

x`ri| ae |`mrlf mnh |`c`lxban# mnh bn ianbxarbng |`rubl` zraub|ban" xfb| im n`gmxbu`c

bnecp`nl` lfabl`| au`r `vx`rnmcb|bng |`rubl`| zraub|ban# mnh!ar mlx xa rmb|` |wbxlfbng la|x|

erai an` |pzzcb`r xa mnaxf`r.

=.7.? Zrae`||banmc# }pmcbx mnh x`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh|

Mcxfapgf xf` `vb|x`nl` ae bnearimxban m|ii`xrb`| zabnx| xa xf` za|bxbu` rac` xfmx im o`

zcm`h o i`lfmnb|i| ear i`x`rbng |`rubl`| |plf m| l`rxbeblmxban &`.g. zrae`||banmc

}pmcbeblmxban| mnh iìo`r|fbz ae zrae`||banmc m||albmxban|"# xf`r` b| mn aee|`xxbng lanl`rn

xfmx |plf i`lfmnb|i| lmn bn xfì|`cu`| o` pxbcb|`h xa r`|xrblx imrk`x mll`||. Xf`r` im

o` |xrang r`m|an| wf zacbl imk`r| mr` r`cplxmnx xa iau` r`gpcmxar omrrb`r| m||albmx`h

wbxf xf` zraub|ban ae l`rxmbn |`rubl`| &zmrxblpcmrc |ai` zrae`||banmc |`rubl`|" mnhmhibnb|xrmxbu` zraub|ban| r`cmx`h xa ipcxb)zrae`||banmc laaz`rmxban. Fawù`r# xf` cmlk ae

fmrianb|mxban ae zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| mnh l`rxbeblmxban b| |``n xa o` m imdar

biz`hbi`nx xa az`nbng pz imrk`x| xa bnx`rnmxbanmc laiz`xbxban.

M eprxf`r b||p` lanl`rn| xf` rac` ae x`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh| ear op|bn`|| |`rubl`| xfmx zraubh`

&oaxf |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh p|`r|" wbxf laiian x`ribnacagb`|# x`lfnblmc |z`lbeblmxban|

mnh zral`hpr`|# lanearimnl` x`|xbng# l`rxbeblmxban mnh mllr`hbxmxban `xl. Laiian

x`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh| lmn lanxrbopx` xa rmb|bng xrmn|zmr`nl mnh r`hplbng la|x| ear oaxf

|`rubl` lcb`nx| mnh zraubh`r|# o `n|prbng xfmx |`rubl` x`lfnacagb`| mnh zral`||`| mr`

xrmn|e`rmoc` mlra|| op|bn`|| |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh xf`br lcb`nx|. O mnh cmrg`# wbxf r`|z`lx

xa }pmcbx mnh x`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh|# xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar cmg| emr o`fbnh

imnpemlxprbng# oaxf bn x`ri| ae xf` mhazxban ae |plf |xmnhmrh| mnh bn xf`br bnx`rnmxbanmc

fmrianb|mxban. Fawù`r# |plf |xmnhmrh| o` xf` bn xf` eari ae r`gpcmxban|# bnhp|xr

|xmnhmrh|# lah`| ae lanhplx ar# ù`n# z`rearimnl` bnhblmxar| |plf m| lp|xai`r

|mxb|emlxban i`m|pr`| ) im zcm mn bizarxmnx rac` bn mhhr`||bng bnearimxban m|ii`xrb`|mnh emlbcbxmxbng bnx`grmxban ae imrk`x| xfrapgf gr`mx`r fmrianb|mxban. Bn xprn# |plf imrk`x

bnx`grmxban |fapch z`ribx |lmc` `lanaib`| mnh gr`mx`r èeblb`nl bn xf` zrahplxban ae

|ai` |`rubl`| &zmrxblpcmrc ear |xmnhmrhb|`h mnh n`xwark)xz` |`rubl`|".

= 7 < Lcb x bh c xb fb


29/214

=.7.8 Bnx`cc`lxpmc zraz`rx rbgfx| mnh bnnaumxban

Awbng xa xf`br bnxmngboc` nmxpr`# |ai` op|bn`|| |`rubl` zrahplx| mr` hbeeblpcx xa bnx`grmx`

wbxfbn narimc bnx`cc`lxpmc zraz`rx zrax`lxban ||xì| &`.g. zmx`nx|# lazrbgfx# `xl.".

Mcxfapgf xrmhìmrk| lmn o` bizarxmnx bn |ai` |`rubl` |`lxar|# xfb| im fmu` m| iplf xa

ha wbxf |`lprbng r`zpxmxban mnh ormnhbng m| bx ha`| wbxf zrax`lxban ae bnx`cc`lxpmc

zraz`rx. Xf`r` b| lanl`rn xfmx xf` cmlk ae i`lfmnb|i| xa `nmoc` op|bn`|| |`rubl`|

zraubh`r| xa |me`gpmrh r`xprn| an bnu`|xi`nx bn _H mnh |`rubl`| bnnaumxban r`|pcx| bn

pnh`rbnu`|xi`nx mnh caw`r xfmn azxbimc xmk`)pz ae bnnaumxban o xf` |`lxar. Bn m oramh`rlanx`vx# xf`r` b| m z`rl`zxban xfmx bnnaumxban| bn op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mr` pnh`r)r`lagnb|`h

mnh pnh`r)umcp`h wf`n laizmr`h xa xmngboc` zrahplx bnnaumxban| mnh bnnaumxban| bn

&imnpemlxprbng" zral`||`|. Xfb|# bn xprn# fm| bizcblmxban| oaxf ear xf` umcpmxban ae

op|bn`|| |`rubl`| ebri| mnh ear xf`br mll`|| xa ebnmnl`.

=.7.0 Imrk`x |xrplxpr` mnh imrk`x mll`||

Xf`r` mr` lanl`rn| xfmx imrk`x| ear nan)|xmnhmrhb|`h zrahplx| mnh |`rubl`| lmn o` fbgfc

nan)xrmn|zmr`nx# zmrxblpcmrc wf`r` zrbl` zcm| m r`cmxbu`c cbibx`h rac` bn h`x`ribnbng

laiz`xbxban &`.g. m| m r`|pcx ae bnearimxban m|ii`xrb`|# r`zpxmxban èe`lx|# fbgf

|wbxlfbng la|x|". @u`n wf`r` |plf imrk`x| mr` lfmrmlx`rb|`h o caw imrk`x

lanl`nxrmxban# xf` lmn o`lai` fbgfc |`gi`nx`h# |plf xfmx xf` `vfbobx lfmrmlx`rb|xbl|

ae ianazacb|xbl laiz`xbxban# |ai`xbi`| mzzramlfbng calmcb|`h ianazacb`|. Xf`r`

mzz`mr| xa o` u`r cbxxc` mumbcmoc` bnearimxban an imrk`x |`gi`nxmxban# o` bx gàgrmzfblmc

ar bn x`ri| ae laizmn |bt`. Xf`r` b|# fawù`r# |xrang ùbh`nl` xa |pgg`|x xfmx zravbibx

b| m u`r bizarxmnx h`x`ribnmnx ae lfabl` ae `vx`rnmc |`rubl` zraubh`r# |pgg`|xbng xfmx

xf`r` b| |bgnbeblmnx zax`nxbmc ear gàgrmzfblmc |`gi`nxmxban.

Mcxfapgf xf`r` mr` |xrang r`m|an| wf calmc |`rubl` zraub|ban im o` zrè`rr`h ear

l`rxmbn xz`| ae |`rubl`|# xf`r` b| cbxxc` bnearimxban an mlxpmc zmxx`rn| ear hbee`r`nx |`rubl`|

mnh xz`| ae lcb`nx|. Nar b| xf`r` ùbh`nl` an wf`xf`r lfabl`| rèc`lx lcb`nx zrè`r`nl`|

ar lan|xrmbnx| an xf`br mll`|| xa gàgrmzfblmcc iar` hb|xmnx |`rubl` zraubh`r|. \bibcmrc#xf`r` |`ì| xa o` r`cmxbu`c cbxxc` mnmc|b| ae xf` `vx`nx xa wfblf calmc zraub|ban ae

|`rubl`| b| mlxpmcc zraubh`h xfrapgf |po|bhbmrb`| ar ermnlfb|`| ae bnx`rnmxbanmc |`rubl`

zraubh`r|. Xf`r` b| |ai` ùbh`nl`# ear `vmizc`# xfmx mllapnxmnl mnh xmv lan|pcxmnl mr`

miang xf` |`rubl`| xfmx mr` ia|x |f`cx`r`h erai ear`bgn laiz`xbxban# opx bx |`ì| fbgfc

o oc xf x xf k x e xf b fb fc x h o b


30/214

`ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc lan|pcxbng &@XL"; laizpx`r r`cmx`h |`rubl`| &L_\" mnhcagb|xbl|5.

Bnx`r mcbm# xf` |`lxar rùb`w| mbi`h xa m||`|| k` hrbu`r| ae xf` hù`cazi`nx mnh

laiz`xbxbu` za|bxban ae `nx`rzrb|`| wbxfbn xf` |`lxar|# xa bh`nxbe zax`nxbmc imrk`x mnh

||xìbl embcpr`| mnh xa zraubh` m |lr``nbng ae `mlf |`lxar mgmbn|x bx| ermi`wark

lanhbxban| mnh `vb|xbng &mnh zax`nxbmc" zacbl b||p`|. \ai` ae xf` k` ebnhbng| mr`

h`|lrbo`h bn xf` eaccawbng |`lxban|.

=.6.= \lr``nbng ae ermi`wark lanhbxban| bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar

Nmxbanmc mnh @P r`gpcmxar i`m|pr`| mnh |xmnhmrh|

Hbee`r`nl`| bn nmxbanmc r`gpcmxar i`m|pr`| zcm m u`r bizarxmnx rac` bn |fmzbng xf`

hù`cazi`nx ae mcc xf` |`rubl` |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph. An` ao|`rumxban b| xf` wm bn

wfblf xf` nmxpr` mnh |xrbng`nl ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban| mlx m| omrrb`r| xa imrk`x `nxr ar

|fmz` xf` za||bobcbxb`| ear ebri| xa mlfbù` `lanaib`| ae |lmc`. Xf` èe`lx| ae |xrbng`nxr`gpcmxban| xfmx zcml` cbibxmxban| an xf` xz`| ae mlxbubxb`| xfmx |`rubl`| zraubh`r| mr`

mccaw`h xa aee`r ar xfmx `nxmbc fbgf laizcbmnl` la|x| mr` lc`mrc rèc`lx`h bn xf` cù`c| ae

lanl`nxrmxban mnh lan|acbhmxban ao|`ru`h bn nmxbanmc imrk`x|. Ear `vmizc`# bn oaxf xf`

Z\\ mnh xf` Zr@M imrk`x|# lapnxrb`| wbxf fbgf cù`c| ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban mr`

lfmrmlx`rb|`h o iplf fbgf`r h`gr``| ae imrk`x lanl`nxrmxban. O lanxrm|x# |xrbng`nx

nmxbanmc r`gpcmxban| an wfa lmn z`reari @XL bn |ai` Iìo`r \xmx`| mzz`mr xa fmu` xf`

azza|bx` èe`lx# o lr`mxbng mn `nxr omrrb`r xa xf`|` nmxbanmc imrk`x| ear bnx`rnmxbanmc

laiz`xbxar| mnh r`|xrmbnbng xf` hù`cazi`nx ae cmrg`r /fai`)grawn/ laizmnb`|.

Cmoapr r`gpcmxban| &`.g. warkbng lanhbxban|"# cmoapr xmv`| mnh |albmc |`lprbx mr` mc|a ae

zmrxblpcmr bizarxmnl` ear cmoapr)bnx`n|bu` |`lxar|# `|z`lbmcc xfa|` ìzcabng

zr`haibnmnxc caw)|kbcc`h wark`r| &`.g. BL\# Z\\# Zr@M# cagb|xbl|". Axf`r xmv b||p`| mnh

eb|lmc r`gpcmxban| &`.g. `nubrani`nxmc xmv`|" mr` bizarxmnx ear xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar# ear

`vmizc`# bn x`ri| ae xf`br bnecp`nl` an calmxban h`lb|ban| ear xrmn|zarx mnh hb|xrbopxban

l`nxr`|.

Bnhp|xr mnh zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh|

Ia|x ae xf` lau`r`h |`lxar| mr` mlxbu` bn xf` mr`m ae bnhp|xr mnh zrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh|

bnlcphbng uacpnxmr bnhp|xr |xmnhmrh| mnh lah`| ae zrmlxbl`. Xa m cmrg` `vx`nx# xf`

h c x e b h x x h h e o b b b x c xb c hb x


31/214

Bn iar` az`rmxbanmc op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar| &AO\"# wf`r` |`rubl`| mr` embrc

|xmnhmrhb|`h mnh imrk`x| mr` r`cmxbu`c xrmn|zmr`nx# |xmnhmrh| mlx m| m gpmrmnx`` xa lcb`nx|

xfmx xf` |`rubl` zraubh`r h`cbu`r| m |`rubl` xfmx i``x| |ai` &ibnbimcc" |z`lbeb`h

r`}pbrì`nx|. Aex`n |xmnhmrh| mr` p|`h m| m i`mn| ae zraiaxbng iar` zrae`||banmcb|i

bn xf` bnhp|xr. @|z`lbmcc bn c`|| r`gpcmx`h imrk`x|# AO\ |`lxar| p|` |xmnhmrh| xa |`ce)

r`gpcmx` xf` bnhp|xr xfrapgf xf` hù`cazi`nx ae xf`br awn lah`| ae lanhplx mnh

mllr`hbxmxban ||xì|. Xf`|` bn|xrpi`nx| f`cz lcb`nx| bn laizmrbng mnh ùmcpmxbng

hbee`r`nx |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh bn hb|xbngpb|fbng r`cbmoc` erai c`|| r`cbmoc` laizmnb`|.

Bn KBO\ |`lxar|# |xmnhmrh| zcm m hbee`r`nx rac` bn xf` laiz`xbxbu` za|bxbanbng ae ebri|.

KBO\ laizmnb`| h`cbu`r |z`lbmcbt`h# lp|xaibt`h |`rubl`| mnh az`rmx` bn m iplf c`||

xrmn|zmr`nx imrk`x. X`lfnblmc |xmnhmrh| `vb|x# opx m| bx b| u`r hbeeblpcx xa hù`caz

|xmnhmrh| ear lp|xaibt`h |`rubl`|# xf` r`zpxmxban ae ebri| b| p|`h m| m iplf |xrang`r

}pmcbx |bgnmc xawmrh| lcb`nx|.

Cmoapr earl` mnh |kbcc|

Cmoapr earl` mnh |kbcc| mnh xf` bnx`r)cbnkmg` wbxf pnh`rcbng hìagrmzfbl lfmng` mr` mn

mr`m wf`r` mcc |`lxar| r`zarx bizarxmnx lfmcc`ng`|. An xf` an` fmnh# ear caw |kbcc`h

cmoapr)bnx`n|bu` |`rubl` |`lxar|# m |frbnkbng mlxbu` cmoapr earl` lmn o` |``n xa zr`|`nx m

zraocì ear |`lprbng m |peeblb`nx uacpi` ae cmoapr# zmrxblpcmrc wf`r` xf` wark bx|`ce im

o` m||albmx`h wbxf r`cmxbu`c pn|albmc ar zaar warkbng lanhbxban| mnh b| |``n m|

pnmxxrmlxbu`. Xa |ai` `vx`nx# xfb| lmn o` |``n rèc`lx`h# ear `vmizc` bn xf` zrùmc`nl` ae

ibnarbx mnh &bi"ibgrmnx cmoapr bn |`lxar| |plf m| BL\. F`r`# rmb|bng |xmnhmrh|# xrmbnbngmnh |kbcc| ha`| nax anc bnuacu` èearx| xa bnlr`m|` xf` zrae`||banmcb|i mnh }pmcbx ae

|`rubl`| zraub|ban# opx b| mc|a |``n m| mn `cì`nx xawmrh| bnlr`m|bng xf` mxxrmlxbu`n`|| ae

xf` |`lxar xa zax`nxbmc wark`r|# ear `vmizc` o `nfmnlbng zra|z`lx| ear lmr``r

hù`cazi`nx.

An xf` axf`r fmnh# |farxmg`| ae wark`r| wbxf |z`lbebl |kbcc| mr` m imdar lanl`rn ear

knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` |`lxar| |plf m| L_\# mnh @XL. Xf`|` |`lxar| eml` `vx`rnmclfmcc`ng`| erai lapnxrb`| wbxf m grawbng |xalk ae x`lfnblmcc)|kbcc`h wark`r| &`.g.

`ngbn``r|# BLX zrae`||banmc|# `xl." mnh f`nl` mn bnlr`m|`h zax`nxbmc ear aee)|farbng ae

mlxbubxb`|. Bn mhhbxban# xbgfx lanhbxban| bn calmc cmoapr imrk`x| i`mn bnlr`m|`h

laiz`xbxban erai axf`r |`lxar| xfmx im o` moc` xa aee`r iar` mxxrmlxbu` x`ri| mnh

hbxb x k


32/214

Knawc`hg`# _H mnh bnnaumxban\kbcc| |farxmg`| mr` mc|a rèc`lx`h bn xf` hb|lp||ban ae knawc`hg` mnh bnnaumxban b||p`|#

|z`lbeblmcc bn |`lxar| xfmx mr` f`mubc r`cbmnx pzan knawc`hg` |kbcc| xa hrbu` bnnaumxban

mnh# bn xprn# zrahplxbubx hù`cazi`nx|. Miang xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h bn xf` |xph# xfb| b|

ia|x aoubap| bn xf` lm|` ae |`lxar| |plf m| laizpx`r r`cmx`h |`rubl`|# `ngbn``rbng mnh

x`lfnblmc |`rubl`| mnh xf` iar` |kbcc`h &xzblmcc BLX)r`cmx`h" |`gi`nx| ae cagb|xbl|

|`rubl`|. M k` m|z`lx b| xf` grawbng laizc`vbx ae xf` |`rubl`| o`bng r`}p`|x`h o

lcb`nx|# wfblf r`|pcx| bn mn `vzmnhbng |laz` ae knawc`hg` mnh |kbcc| r`}pbrì`nx|#

laiobn`h wbxf imnmgì`nx mnh argmnb|mxbanmc lmzmlbx xa fmnhc` laizc`v zrad`lx|. Mx

xf` |mi` xbi`# bnlr`m|bng lcb`nx zr`||pr` xa r`hpl` la|x|# caw imrgbn| mnh xf` zrùmc`nl`

ae |imcc laizmnb`| zmrxblpcmrc bn `ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc |`rubl`| mcc i`mn xfmx

ebri| wbxfbn xf`|` |`lxar| eml` lan|bh`rmoc` lan|xrmbnx| bn bnu`|xbng bn _H mnh

bnnaumxban.

_H mnh bnnaumxban b||p`| mc|a mee`lx xf` x`lfnblmc hù`cazi`nx ae `}pbzi`nx mnh

||xì| m||albmx`h wbxf nan)KBO\ |`lxar|# |plf m| |`lprbx |`rubl`| mnh ù`n bnhp|xrbmclc`mnbng. F`r`# mn bizarxmnx m|z`lx xa xf` knawc`hg` mnh bnnaumxban `}pmxban r`|x| an xf`

r`cmxban|fbz| o`xw``n xf` zraubh`r| ae `}pbzi`nx# imx`rbmc| mnh ||xì| mnh xf` |`rubl`

zraubh`r| xfì|`cu`|. Xf`r` mzz`mr| xa o` |laz` ear |xr`ngxf`nbng cbnkmg`| o`xw``n

`}pbzi`nx imnpemlxpr`r|# |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh# pcxbimx`c# |`rubl` lcb`nx| bn arh`r xfmx

oaxf x`lfnacagblmc mnh argmnb|mxbanmc bnnaumxban| lmn imk` m gr`mx`r lanxrbopxban xa

`nfmnlbng xf` èeblb`nl mnh èe`lxbu`n`|| ae |`rubl` zraub|ban.

Imrk`x mll`||

Imrk`x mll`|| b||p`| ear xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph mr` r`cmx`h o mnh cmrg` xa

b||p`| ae hbu`r|bx ae nmxbanmc r`gpcmxar ||xì| mnh r`|xrblxban| &|`` moau`". Fbgf

laizcbmnl` la|x|# ear `vmizc`# lmn o` imdar biz`hbi`nx| xa xf` bnx`rnmxbanmcb|mxban ae

|`rubl` mlxbubxb`|# zmrxblpcmrc wf`r` zravbibx xa lcb`nx| mnh# f`nl`# `|xmocb|fbng m calmc

zr`|`nl` &`.g. xfrapgf EHB" mr` n`l`||mr ear |pll`||epc bnx`rnmxbanmc hù`cazi`nx. Xf`

|xph fm| nax m||`||`h imrk`x mll`|| b||p`| r`cmx`h xa imrk`x| apx|bh` ae @praz` bn mn

h`zxf. Xf`|` b||p`| mr`# z`rfmz|# ae ia|x bizarxmnl` ear xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar# wf`r` xf`mr` cbnk`h u`r lca|`c xa cbo`rmcb|mxban ae xrmn|zarxmxban imrk`x|# xrmh` emlbcbxmxban

i`m|pr`| &`.g. lp|xai| zral`hpr`|# bn|z`lxban| `xl." mnh r`|xrblxban| an EHB bn xf`

xrmn|zarx |`lxar. \caw zragr`|| bn ipcxbcmx`rmc n`gaxbmxban| an xrmh` emlbcbxmxban b| |``n m|

mn bizarxmnx biz`hbi`nx xa eprxf`r hù`cazi`nx ae xf` cagb|xbl| |`lxar.


33/214

ebri| mnh n`w `nxrmnx|. Bn mhhbxban# `vzmnhbng xf` |laz` ae |`rubl`| zraubh`h mnh xf`hù`cazi`nx ae ipcxb)|`rubl` mnh an`)|xaz |faz mzzramlf`|# |plf m| xf` hù`cazi`nx

ae emlbcbxb`| imnmgì`nx |`rubl`|# b| m eprxf`r e`mxpr` ae |xrplxprmc lfmng` xmkbng zcml` bn

xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar.

Laiz`xbxban b||p`|

Xf` r`zarx fm| `vmibn`h |ai` cbibx`h m|z`lx| ae za||boc` laiz`xbxban zacbl b||p`|

wbxfbn xf` |`lxar| lau`r`h. An` m|z`lx# i`nxban`h moau`# b| xf` rac` zcm`h o r`gpcmxban|

bn |fmzbng xf` |xrplxpr` ae nmxbanmc |`rubl` imrk`x|. Ear `vmizc`# u`r fbgf cù`c| aelanl`nxrmxban mr` ao|`ru`h bn |ai` nmxbanmc imrk`x| ear az`rmxbanmc op|bn`|| |`rubl`|.

Wf`xf`r xf`|` im gbu` rb|` xa laiz`xbxban lanl`rn| fm| nax o``n m||`||`h mnh#

iaràu`r# xa ha |a wapch n`l`||bxmx` m iar` bn)h`zxf `vmibnmxban ae xf` larr`|zanh`nl`

o`xw``n imrk`x |`gi`nxmxban an xf` |pzzc)|bh` mnh an xf` hìmnh)|bh`. Erai xf`

z`r|z`lxbu` ae bnx`rnmxbanmc mnh gcaomc laiz`xbxban# xf`r` mr` bizarxmnx hbee`r`nl`| bn

zax`nxbmc laiz`xbxban zr`||pr`|.

Ear mcc xfr`` ae xf` AO\ |`lxar|# zraub|ban ae |`rubl`| r`}pbr`| lca|` gàgrmzfblmc

zravbibx xa lcb`nx| mnh# xf`rèar`# bnx`rnmxbanmc &gcaomc" laiz`xbxbanz`r |` b| ae cbibx`h

r`cùmnl`# `vl`zx wf`r` ear`bgn ebri| `|xmocb|f xfì|`cu`| bn calmc imrk`x|. Ear

`ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc lan|pcxbng mnh cagb|xbl|# gcaomc laiz`xbxban b| mn bizarxmnx

emlxar bn xf` hù`cazi`nx ae xf` imrk`x. Ear `vmizc`# xf` @XL |`lxar b| mcr`mh |``bng

|ai` mlxbubxb`| o`bng apx|aprl`h xa caw`r la|x r`gban| |plf m| Bnhbm# wf`r` xf`r` b| m

zc`nxbepc |pzzc ae `ngbn``r|. Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# gcaomc laiz`xbxar| mr` |xmrxbng xa o`lai`

iar` zr`|`nx# ù`n bn @praz`mn imrk`x|. Ear cagb|xbl|# Lfbn`|` laizmnb`| mr` o`laibngbnlr`m|bngc bizarxmnx laiz`xbxar| bn xf` |`lxar mnh# lca|`r xa fai`# mn mhhbxbanmc

lfmcc`ng` lai`| erai xf` bnlr`m|bng mxxrmlxbu`n`|| ae @m|x`rn @praz` m| m calmxban ear

cagb|xbl| mlxbubxb`| hp` xa oaxf caw`r la|x| mnh xf` grawxf ae imrk`x| bn xf` r`gban

=.6.? \lr``nbng mgmbn|x `vb|xbng @P zacbl bnbxbmxbu`|

Xf` |xph fm| `vmibn`h m rmng` ae `vb|xbng mnh zax`nxbmc @P bnhp|xrbmc zacbl bnbxbmxbu`|xfmx mr` ar im o` ae r`cùmnl` xa op|bn`|| |`rubl`|. Miang xf`|`# xfr`` mr`m| |xmnh apx bn

x`ri| ae mzzmr`nx bizarxmnl` mlra|| xf` oamrh ae |`lxar| lau`r`h.

O`xx`r r`gpcmxban mnh |bizcbeblmxban

M xf cb b bxb xb xf x x h x b x e xf o h c e


34/214

ae |plf |xmnhmrh| mnh bn xf`br bnx`rnmxbanmc fmrianb|mxban. Xa hmx`# èearx| xa hèbn` mnhhù`caz lan|`n|p| an xf` zax`nxbmc rac` ae |xmnhmrh| bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar fmu`

r`l`bu`h r`cmxbu`c cbibx`h ub|bobcbx. M| m lan|`}p`nl`# bnx`rnmxbanmc èearx| xawmrh| xf`

hù`cazi`nx ae |`rubl` |xmnhmrh| ear op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mr` mx mn `mrc |xmg` mnh mzz`mr xa

o`bng hù`caz`h an xf` om|b| ae m rmxf`r zb`lì`mc mzzramlf.

@izcai`nx# }pmcbeblmxban|# |kbcc| mnh ec`vblprbx

M |`lanh zacbl mr`m xfmx |`ì| r`cùmnx mlra|| mcc |`lxar| lau`r`h o xf` |xph r`cmx`| xa

ìzcai`nx# }pmcbeblmxban|# |kbcc| mnh ec`vblprbx. Bizraubng |kbcc| cù`c|# rmb|bngzrae`||banmc |xmnhmrh| mnh mhhr`||bng cmoapr ar |z`lbebl |kbcc |farxmg`| mr` fbgfcbgfx`h m|

b||p`| ear mcc ae xf` |`lxar|. Gbu`n xf` cmoapr)bnx`n|bu` nmxpr` ae imn op|bn`|| |`rubl`|#

m w`cc)epnlxbanbng cmoapr imrk`x b| k` xa |pzzarxbng xf` hù`cazi`nx ae xf` op|bn`||

|`rubl`| |`lxar|. Nù`rxf`c`||# m| zabnx`h apx moau`# AO\ mnh KBO\ mr` laneranx`h wbxf

hbee`r`nx lfmcc`ng`| bn x`ri| ae hìagrmzfbl lfmng` mnh cmoapr earl` hù`cazi`nx|#

wfblf zabnx| xa xf` n``h ear zacbl bnbxbmxbu`| xmrg`x`h xawmrh| xf` n``h| ae |z`lbebl

|`lxar|.

\`rubl`| mnh argmnb|mxbanmc bnnaumxban

Xf`r` b| m cbnk o`xw``n ìzcai`nx zacbl# zacbl r`cmx`h xa argmnb|mxbanmc bnnaumxban

mnh xf` za||bobcbxb`| xa `nfmnl` |`lxar z`rearimnl` xfrapgf bizrauì`nx| bn xf`

argmnb|mxban ae cmoapr)om|`h zral`||`| bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar. M |`lanh m|z`lx ae

|`rubl`| bnnaumxban r`cmx`| xa `nfmnlbng xf` bnx`reml` o`xw``n |`rubl` zraubh`r| mnh

lcb`nx|# zmrxblpcmrc opx nax anc bn r`cmxban xa iar` knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` |`rubl`

mlxbubxb`|. Iar` xrmhbxbanmc eari| ae |`rubl` bnnaumxban &b.`. n`w |`rubl` zrahplxbnnaumxban|" mr` mc|a ae bizarxmnl` ear bizraubng z`rearimnl` mnh laiz`xbxbu`n`|| bn

xf`|` |`lxar|. Fawù`r# |pzzarx ear knawc`hg`)bnx`n|bu` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| b| anc

|fawn xa o` ae imdar r`cùmnl` ear xf` `ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc lan|pcxbng |`rubl`|

|`lxar.

=.2 Zrbarbxb`| mnh r`laii`nhmxban| ear zacbl mnmc|b| mnh

hù`cazi`nx

Xf` |`lxar mnmc|b| pnh`rxmk`n bn xfb| |xph fm| o``n cbibx`h bn oaxf |laz` mnh h`zxf mnh

lmn o` |``n m| na iar` xfmn m |xmrxbng zabnx ear hb|lp||ban ae xf` za||boc` rac` ae

bnhp|xrbmc zacbl bnbxbmxbu`| bn r`cmxban xa xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| |`lxar. Nan`xf`c`||# w` lmn


35/214

ae xf` bizmlx |plf i`m|pr`| wapch fmu` an xf` laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae @praz`mn

bnhp|xr.

\z`lbebl r`|pcx| wapch o`# ear `vmizc`4

) H``z`nbng mnmc|b| ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| n``h|# bnlcphbng xf` n``h| ae xf`

hbee`r`nx mnh u`r f`x`rag`nàp| |po)|`lxar| bn op|bn`|| |`rubl`|;

) \lr``nbng `vb|xbng zacblb`| mee`lxbng op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mnh h`|bgnbng lanlr`x`

zacbl mlxban| mx xf` mzzrazrbmx` cù`c &r`gbanmc# nmxbanmc ar @P";

) Bh`nxbeblmxban ae |xrmx`gbl aod`lxbu`| xa o` mlfbù`h bn WXA n`gaxbmxban| an

GMX\# wbxf mn ìzfm|b| an i`m|pr`| n``h`h xa `nmoc` \I@| bn |`rubl`| xa`vzarx;

) Bh`nxbebng mnh grapzbng zacbl |xmk`fach`r| bn mr`m| wf`r` r`zr`|`nxmxban b|

u`r cbibx`h mnh ermgi`nx`h;

) Ianbxarbng r`|pcx| ae i`m|pr`| bizcì`nx`h o @P zacbl mlxban| mnh

zpocblb|bng o`|x zrmlxbl`|.

@mlf ae xf`|` xm|k| wapch n``h xa o` pnh`rxmk`n wbxf wbh` lan|pcxmxban ae r`cùmnx

|xmk`fach`r|.

Xf` mlxban| |pgg`|x`h moau` larr`|zanh lca|`c xa xf` r`laii`nhmxban| xfmx fmu` o``n

zpx earwmrh o xf` @praz`mn @lanaibl mnh \albmc Laiibxx`` &@@\L". Bn bx| Azbnban an

\`rubl`| mnh @praz`mn imnpemlxprbng bnhp|xrb`|4 Bnx`rmlxban| mnh bizmlx| an

ìzcai`nx# laiz`xbxbu`n`|| mnh zrahplxbubx7 bn ?::5# xf` @@\L mhualmx`h xf` prg`nx

r`lagnbxban ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| m| mn bnx`grmc zmrx ae mn bnhp|xrbmc zacbl. Xfb| wm|

eaccaw`h pz bn xf` Ibh)x`ri rùb`w ae Bnhp|xrbmc Zacbl bn ?::7

6

wbxf xf` bnxrahplxban aem n`w bnbxbmxbu` an |`rubl`| mnh bnhp|xr. Xfb| wm| bn r`lagnbxban ae xf` emlx xfmx an` ae

xf` imbn |xrplxprmc lfmng`| bn r`l`nx h`lmh`| fm| o``n xf` |fbex bn ìzcai`nx xawmrh|

|`rubl`| bn fbgfc)hù`caz`h `lanaib`| mnh xfmx# m| m lan|`}p`nl`# bnhp|xr mnh |`rubl`|

mr` bn`vxrblmoc cbnk`h. Xf` la|x# }pmcbx mnh zrahplxbubx ae l`rxmbn |`rubl` |`lxar|# bn

zmrxblpcmr Knawc`hg`)Bnx`n|bu` Op|bn`|| \`rubl`|# fmu` mn bizmlx an xf`

laiz`xbxbu`n`|| ae bnhp|xr.

Bn bx| iar` r`l`nx Azbnban an Hù`cazi`nx| bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl` |`lxar bn @praz`2#xf` @@\L imk`| m npio`r ae h`xmbc`h r`laii`nhmxban| xa xf` @praz`mn Laiib||ban bn

xf` lanx`vx ae xf` hù`cazi`nx ae `nx`rzrb|` mnh bnhp|xrbmc zacbl. Xf` imbn

r`laii`nhmxban| mr`4

Bn arh`r xa `n|pr` xfmx zacbl mlxban| xmk` m oramh`r ub`w ae |`rubl`| bn xf`br


36/214

|xmxb|xbl| mnh bnearimxban# xmkbng bnxa lan|bh`rmxban# wf`r` mzzrazrbmx`# xf` |z`lbebl

n``h| ae f`x`rag`nàp| |po)|`lxar| ae xf` |`rubl` bnhp|xrb`|.

Wbxfbn xf` lanx`vx ae xf` Cb|oan \xrmx`g ear Grawxf mnh Dao|# xf` |`xxbng pz m

@praz`mn Ao|`rumxar an op|bn`|| |`rubl`| xa ianbxar xf` `lanaibl hù`cazi`nx

ae xf` Op|bn`|| \`rubl`| |`lxar# bnlcphbng xf` k` b||p` ae zrahplxbubx bizrauì`nx

mnh xf` bizmlx an bnhp|xrbmc laiz`xbxbu`n`||.


37/214

? Bnhp|xr)|`rubl` bnx`rmlxban|4 `vx`rnmcb|mxbanmnh bnx`rnmcb|mxban

?.= Au`rub`w ae bnhp|xr)|`rubl`| bnx`rmlxban|

?.=.= Bnxrahplxban

M| m |xmrxbng zabnx# bx b| bizarxmnx xa r`lmcc xfmx imn |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| mr` pnh`rxmk`n

wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng mnh m cmrg` z`rl`nxmg` ae xf` warkearl` bn imnpemlxprbng ebri| lmno` `ngmg`h bn |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| &|`` Ebgpr` ="=:. Bn emlx# xf` z`rum|bu` nmxpr` ae |`rubl`

mlxbubxb`| bn mcc zrahplxban zral`||`| ) oaxf wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl` |`lxar| )

lmn o` bccp|xrmx`h o |k`xlfbng apx xf` larr`|zanh`nl` o`xw``n m wfac` rmng` ae bnx`rnmc

laizmn |`rubl` epnlxban| mnh xf`br `vx`rnmc `}pbumc`nx| &|`` Xmoc` ?". Bx b| xf`

`vx`rnmcb|mxban &apx|aprlbng" ae |plf |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| &ar epnlxban|" xa |z`lbmcb|`h

op|bn`||)|`rubl` zraubh`r| xfmx x`nh| xa zraubh` xf` ealp| ear iplf ae xf` hb|lp||ban an

bnhp|xr)|`rubl`| bnx`rmlxban|.

Wbxf xf` `vzmn|ban mnh bnlr`m|`h èeblb`nl ae `vx`rnmcc)|pzzcb`h |`rubl`| epnlxban|# xf`

omcmnl` ae xf` xrmh`)aee o`xw``n bnx`rnmc mnh `vx`rnmc zraub|ban ae |`rubl`| b| lanxbnpmcc

lfmngbng mnh zraubh`| an` ae xf` hrbubng earl`| ear apx|aprlbng. Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# iplf

ae xf` grawxf ae `vx`rnmc zraub|ban ae &op|bn`||" |`rubl`| ga`| oành |wbxlfbng xa iar`

èeblb`nx `vx`rnmc |pzzc. _mxf`r# m| zabnx`h apx o Ibc`| &?::7"# bx b| m imxx`r ae

argmnb|mxban| r`|zanhbng xa `vx`rnmc lfmcc`ng`| xfmx r`}pbr` lmzmobcbxb`| xa r`|zanh xa m

imdar x`lfnblmc ar `nubrani`nxmc lfmcc`ng`# ear `vmizc` ) xfmx ha nax `vb|x bn)fap|` mnh

xfmx lmnnax o` hù`caz`h &mx c`m|x bn xf` |farx x`ri". Xfb| zabnx| p| xa xf` emlx xfmx# m|

lfmcc`ng`| mrb|`# xf` im r`}pbr` xf` lr`mxban ae n`w |`rubl`| epnlxban|!lmzmobcbxb`|. Bx

im o` xfmx xf`|` lmzmobcbxb`| mr` bnbxbmcc hù`caz`h wbxfbn xf` |`rubl`| |`lxar mnh nù`r

hù`caz bn imnpemlxprbng ar# mcx`rnmxbu`c# xf` |xmrxbng zabnx ear bnbxbmc hù`cazi`nx im


38/214

lmn bimgbn`# ear `vmizc`# xfmx imn \I@| ha nax r`}pbr` `napgf laprb`r |`rubl`|# c`gmc

mnh eb|lmc |`rubl`|# ar |aexwmr` h`|bgn |`rubl`| xa zraubh` xf` |`rubl` ear xfì|`cu`|=?.

\bibcmrc# |imcc`r laizmnb`| im |bizc nax o` moc` xa hù`caz xf` n`l`||mr

lmzmobcbxb`| bn)fap|`. Mllarhbngc# mcxfapgf iplf ae xf` cbx`rmxpr` an `vx`rnmcb|mxban

mnh apx|aprlbng zr`|pi`| m xrmh`)aee o`xw``n `vx`rnmc mnh bnx`rnmc zraub|ban# ear imn

\I@| xf` lfabl` im o` o`xw``n `vx`rnmc zraub|ban ar nax p|bng xf` |`rubl`| mx mcc. Bn

|plf lbrlpi|xmnl`|# |z`lbmcb|`h `vx`rnmc zraubh`r| lmn zcm m lrbxblmc rac` bn `nmocbng

\I@| xa mll`|| |`rubl`| xfmx xf` wapch axf`rwb|` o` pnmoc` xa zrahpl` ear xfì|`cu`|.

Mx xf` |mi` xbi`# xf` imdarbx ae |`rubl` zraubh`r|# zmrxblpcmrc bn xf` op|bn`|| |`rubl`||`lxar# mr` xfì|`cu`| \I@|. Xfb| |pgg`|x| xfmx ù`n xfapgf lcb`nx laizmnb`| im cmlk

xf` cù`c ae hìmnh ar n`l`||mr lmzmobcbxb`| ear bn)fap|` zraub|ban# `lanaib`| ae |lmc`

&mnh |laz`" mr` nax |a bizarxmnx ar mr` aee|`x o emlxar| |plf m| zravbibx ar m fbgf

h`gr`` ae |z`lbmcb|mxban xfmx xf` rpc` apx `vx`rnmc |pzzc o &|z`lbmcb|`h" \I@ |`rubl`|

laizmnb`|.

Ebgpr` = \fmr` ae ìzcai`nx bn | rubl`|)r`cmx`h allpzmxban| bn xf` imnpemlxprbng |`lxar &bn z`rl nxmg` ae xaxmcìzcai`nx ae imnpemlxprbng# =220 mnh ?::?"

\aprl`4 Zbcmx mnh Wcec &?::0"


39/214

Xmoc` ? Bnx`rnmc |`rubl` epnlxban| mnh `vx`rnmcc h`cbu`r`h zrahpl`r |`rubl`|

Imdar epnlxban| bn

`nx`rzrb|`|

Larr`|zanhbng vx`rnmc zrahpl`r |`rubl`|

Bnearimxban imnmgì`nx

&BX |`rubl`| mnh bnerm|xrplxpr`"

Laizpx`r |`rubl`| ; Lan|pcxmnl an bnearimxban x`lfnacag; X`c`laiipnblmxban

|`rubl`|

\xrmx`g mnh n`w imrk`x| Imnmgì`nx lan|pcxmnl; Imrk`x r`|`mrlf; Embr| mnh `vfbobxban|

Mhibnb|xrmxban mnh mllapnxbng Mllapnxbng mnh mphbxbng; C`gmc |`rubl`|

Imrk`xbng Mhu`rxb|bng; Hbr`lx imrk`xbng; Zpocbl r`cmxban|

Zrahplxban mnh x`lfnacag

epnlxban|

@ngbn``rbng mnh x`lfnblmc |`rubl`|; X`|x| mnh }pmcbx lanxrac; Imbnx`nmnl`# |`rubl`

mnh r`zmbr ae }pbzi`nx

H`|bgn epnlxban| _`|`mrlf mnh hù`cazi`nx; Bnhp|xrbmc h`|bgn

Z`r|ann`c \`c`lxban mnh zraub|ban ae z`r|ann`c; Zrae`||banmc xrmbnbng

Emlbcbx imnmgì`nx |`rubl`| _`mc `|xmx`; \`lprbx |`rubl`|; Opbchbng imbnx`nmnl`# Lc`mnbng |`rubl`|; Lmx`rbng;

@nubrani`nxmc |`rubl` ! wm|x` hb|za|mc; @n`rg mnh wmx`r |`rubl`|

Zprlfm|` mnh |mc`| Hb|xrbopxbu` xrmh`| &bnlc. mex`r |mc`| |`rubl`|"

Xrmn|zarx mnh cagb|xbl| Cagb|xbl|; Xrmn|zarx |`rubl`| &z`r|an|"; Xrmn|zarx |`rubl`| &i`rlfmnhb|`"; @vzr`||

laprb`r

Ebnmnlbmc r`|aprl`| Omnkbng; Bn|prmnl`; _`nxbng mnh c`m|bng

\aprl`4 _pomclmom mnh Kav &?::7"

Erai mn azza|bng z`r|z`lxbu`# imnpemlxprbng laizmnb`| lmn mc|a o` bizarxmnx zraubh`r|

ae |`rubl`| bn xf`br awn rbgfx. Xzblmcc xf`|` mr` zrahplx)r`cmx`h |`rubl`| ar

laizcì`nxmr |`rubl`| cbnk`h xa xf`br zrahplx|# opx xf` im ù`n `ngmg` bn xf`

|pzzc ae |`rubl`| xfmx mr` mcia|x pn)r`cmx`h xa xf`br imbn imnpemlxpr`h zrahplx|=


40/214

\`rubl`| wfblf mr` iar` hbr`lxc r`cmx`h xa xf` imnpemlxpr`h zrahplx &zrahplx

mllaizmnbng |`rubl`|" mr` grawbng bn bizarxmnl` wbxfbn imnpemlxprbng

laizmnb`|# mnh mr` c`|| cbk`c xa o` apx|aprl`h.

Xf`|` xwa azza|bng xr`nh| ae `vx`rnmcb|mxban &'apx|aprlbng'" mnh bnx`rnmcb|mxban ae |`rubl`

mlxbubxb`| o imnpemlxpr`r| b| r`ec`lx`h bn xf` bnlr`m|bng ermgi`nxmxban ae bnhp|xrbmc

zral`||`| mnh |pzzc lfmbn|. Xfb| ermgi`nxmxban# wfblf emlbcbxmx`| oaxf laizmnb`|'

`ngmg`i`nx bn u`rxblmc |z`lbmcb|mxban mnh apx|aprlbng ae nan)lar` zmrx| ae xf` zrahplxban

zral`||# b| |``n m| an` hrbu`r ear xf` rb|` ae bnhp|xr)|`rubl` bnx`rmlxban|. Gmg` mnhC`|f`r &?::0"# ear `vmizc`# zraubh` mn au`rub`w ae iaxbu`| ear ermgi`nxbng mnh xf` p|`

ae |`rubl`| &|`` Xmoc`


41/214

Xmoc` < Iaxbu`| ear ermgi`nxbng mnh xf` p|` ae |`rubl`|

\aprl`4 Gmg` mnh C`|f`r &?::0"

?.=.? @ubh`nl` mnh ebnhbng| erai xf` `lanaibl cbx`rmxpr` &au`rub`w"

Zbcmx mnh Wcec &?::0" zraubh` mn au`rub`w ae xf` `lanaibl cbx`rmxpr` an xf` bnx`rmlxban

ae o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl` bnhp|xrb`|. M| xf` nax`# iplf ae xf` hb|lp||ban an


43/214

|pgg`|x xfmx xf` |`rubl`| |`lxar b| iar` bnh`z`nh`nx erai axf`r bnhp|xrb`| xfmn xf`

imnpemlxprbng |`lxar# bn xfmx xf` |`rubl`| |`lxar bnx`rmlx| c`|| |xrangc oaxf m| m

zraubh`r mnh p|`r ae bnx`ri`hbmx` bnzpx| wbxf axf`r bnhp|xrb`| xfmn ha imnpemlxprbng

bnhp|xrb`|. Nan`xf`c`||# xf` lanlcph` xfmx |`rubl`| ha fmu` grawbng bizmlx| an axf`r

|`lxar| ae xf` `lanai mnh lanxrbopx` m| zraubh`r| ae bnx`ri`hbmx` bnzpx| xa xf`

z`rearimnl` ae axf`r bnhp|xrb`|.

?.? Apx|aprlbng ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`|

M| nax`h bn \`lxban ?.=# apx|aprlbng mnh aee)|farbng fmu` zraubh`h m ealp| ear mxx`nxban

an |`rubl`)imnpemlxprbng bnx`rmlxban|. Apx|aprlbng ae |`rubl`| fm| |bgnbeblmnxc bnlr`m|`h

au`r r`l`nx `mr|# `|z`lbmcc |bnl` xf` =22:|# mnh fm| zraubh`h m k` mrgpi`nx xa `vzcmbn

xf` grawxf ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| bn xf` `lanai# ù`n xfapgf r`l`nx wark fm| lanlcph`h

xfmx apx|aprlbng zraubh`| anc m zmrxbmc `vzcmnmxban ae xf` `vzmn|ban ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`|.

M rmng` ae emlxar| fmu` o``n bh`nxbeb`h m| emlbcbxmxbng xf` `vzmn|ban ae apx|aprlbng#

bnlcphbng xf` hù`cazi`nx ae BLX# lfmng`| bn xf` r`cmxbu` la|x| ae xrmn|zarx mnh bnlr`m|`h|xmnhmrhb|mxban ae |`rubl`| &`.g. im|| lp|xaib|mxban". N`vx xa xf`|` emlbcbxmxbng emlxar|# xf`

`lanaibl cbx`rmxpr` bnhblmx`| m umrb`x ae `lanaibl!op|bn`|| mrgpi`nx| mnh bn|xbxpxbanmc

emlxar| xfmx bnecp`nl` apx|aprlbng h`lb|ban| mnh o`fmubapr.

?.?.= @lanaibl mnh op|bn`|| emlxar| bnecp`nlbng apx|aprlbng h`lb|ban|

M wbh` rmng` ae zax`nxbmc mhumnxmg`| mnh hb|mhumnxmg`| ae apx|aprlbng lmn o` bh`nxbeb`h

&|`` Xmoc` 8"# miang|x wfblf xf` imbn iaxbu`| ear apx|aprlbng ae |`rubl` mlxbubxb`| lmno` |piimrb|`h m| eaccaw|4=6

_`hplxban ae la|x| m| `vx`rnmc |pzzcb`r| zraubh` xf` |`rubl` mx caw`r la|x;

Mll`|| xa |`rubl`| xfmx mr` nax zraubh`h /bn)fap|`/;

\pz`rbar }pmcbx ae `vx`rnmcc zraubh`h |`rubl`|;

\z``h ae `vx`rnmc |`rubl` h`cbu`r;

M n``h xa ealp| bnx`rnmc r`|aprl`| an lar` laiz`x`nlb`|;

Bnlr`m|`h ec`vbobcbx wf`n eml`h wbxf lfmng`| bn hìmnh ar x`lfnacagblmc lfmng`|.

M |pru` miang @praz`mn xaz 0:: laizmnb`| o PNLXMH!_acmnh O`rg`r &?::8"# eapnh

xfmx 7:% ae laizmnb`| cb|x`h cmoapr la|x r`hplxban m| xf` imbn aod`lxbu` ae gcaomc

apx|aprlbng. Fawù`r# xf` |xph mc|a |xr`||`| xf` o`nèbx| ae bnlr`m|`h }pmcbx ae xf`


44/214

H`z`nh`nl` an xf` |pzzcb`r ae xf` |`rubl`;

Hb|mhumnxmgàp| |pzzcb`r |`c`lxban &`.g. r`cmxbng xa xf`br }pmcbx ar ebnmnlbmc

ubmobcbx";

Ca|| ae imnmgì`nx lanxrac!lanxrac ae xf` zrahplxban zral`||;

Imnmg`rbmc mnh argmnb|mxbanmc la|x| ae apx|aprlbng.

@mlf laizmn n``h| xa w`bgf lmrèpcc iaxbu`| mnh rb|k| oèar` xmkbng m h`lb|ban xa

apx|aprl`# mcxfapgf xa wfmx `vx`nx laizmnb`| mr` moc` xa imk` m gaah m||`||i`nx ae xf`

zra| mnh lan| b| nax lc`mr. IlLmrxf mnh Mnmgna|xap &?::8" rè`r xa m |pru` bn =225#wfblf |faw`h xfmx anc 0% ae laizmnb`| gmbn`h fbgf o`nèbx| erai apx|aprlbng mnh


45/214

Xmoc` 8 Apx|aprlbng4 mhumnxmg`| mnh hb|mhumnxmg`|

_`m|an Mhumnxmg`| Hb|mhumnxmg`|

Xrmn|mlxbanmc

la|x|

H`lr`m|` bn xrmn|mlxbanmc la|x|

) Zrahplxban la|x|

) Bnearimxban mnh |`mrlf la|x|

) Zacbl mnh z`rearimnl` la|x|

) Cmoapr mnh axf`r la|x|

P|` ae |lmc` lanaib`|

P|` ae |laz` lanaib`|

P|` ae n`xwark lanaib`|

Zraocì| ae iarmc fmtmrh mnh mhu`r|` |`c`lxban

Fbgf la|x| ae |z`lbmcb|`h |`rubl`|

Azza|bng xrmn|mlxban la|x|

Wm|x` ae lcm||blmc mhumnxmg`| ae bnx`rnmcb|mxban4

x`lfnblmc mnh imnmgì`nx lanaib`|

Zax`nxbmc la|x| Mhmzxmxban xa pnù`n hìmnh

@cbibnmxban ae za||boc` cmoapr lanecblx|

Iar` mhdp|x`h la|x |xbimxban

Zraocì| r`gmrhbng eaccaw)pz# lanxrac mnh

m||`||i`nx ae |`rubl`|

La|x lanxrac hbeeblpcxb`|

X`lfnacagblmc h`z`nh`nl`

]pmcbx mnh

`vz`rxb|`

Bizrauì`nx| bn xf` }pmcbx ae |`rubl`

Ml}pb|bxban ae |z`lbmcb|`h knawc`hg` o

xrmn|e`r

Za||boc` cmlk ae |peeblb`nx vz`rb`nl` mnh

|z`lbmcb|mxban

G`n`rmcb|x mnh xfàr`xblmc knawc`hg`

Hbeeblpcx bnxrahplxban ae |acpxban|

Bn|peeblb`nx knawc`hg` xrmn|e`r

Zrahplxban

argmnb|mxban

Ec`vbobcbx

) \po|xbxpxban ae ebv`h la|x| o

umrbmoc`|

Lanl`nxrmxban an k` xm|k|

Bnh`z`nh`nl`

M||b|xmnl` bn laizc`v op|bn`||`|

Cmlk ae bnh`z`nh`nl` mnh lanebh`nxbmcbx

Za||boc` bnlr`m|` ae bnx`rnmc lanecblx|

Imrk`x z`n`xrmxban Zm||bu`# mlxbu` mnh bn|xrpi`nxmc iah`|

Mll`|| xa n`w gàgrmzfblmc# |`gi`nx`h

mnh |alba)`lanaibl imrk`x|

Za||boc` caw`r imrk`x lanxrac

Gau`rni`nx

bnx`ru`nxban

\z`lbmcb|`h m||b|xmnl` ear xmv#

mllapnxbng# c`gmc xl. r`gpcmxban|

La|x r`hplxban ae cmoapr zrax`lxbanb|i

Lanecblx| wbxf bnx`rnmc z`r|ann`c

\aprl`4 _pomclmom &=222"

?.?.? Bn|xbxpxbanmc emlxar| bnecp`nlbng apx|aprlbng h`lb|ban|

Bn|xbxpxbanmc emlxar| mc|a zcm m rac` bn xf` apx|aprlbng h`lb|ban# `|z`lbmcc wf`n bx

lanl`rn| aee)|farbng. K|f`xrb &?::7" mnmc|`| xf` hrbu`r| ae xf` aee)|far` apx|aprlbng ae

op|bn`|| zral`|| mnh bnearimxban x`lfnacag |`rubl`|# ealp|bng an bn|xbxpxbanmc emlxar|.

F hb xb b f xf kb h e b xbx xb c bcc c x xb h bxb


46/214

u`r |xrblx bn xf` arbgbnmxbng lapnxr &xf` `vmizc` ae zrbuml cmw| b| gbu`n"# xfb| wbcc

n`gmxbu`c mee`lx apx|aprlbng;

Narimxbu` bn|xbxpxban|# wfblf rè`r xa |albmcc mll`zx`h nari| mnh o`fmubapr| mnh

bnlcph` `cì`nx| |plf m| xrmh` pnban|# zrae`||banmc m||albmxban|# cmoapr l`rxbeblmxban#

`xl. Xf` mpxfar m||pi`| xfmx xf` fbgf`r xf` zr`||pr` erai pnban| mnh xf` g`n`rmc

zpocbl# xf` iar` ebri| wbcc r`hpl` ar |caw hawn xf` rmx` ae apx|aprlbng bn xf`

arbgbnmxbng lapnxrb`|. Xfb| zr`||pr` b|# eprxf`riar`# cbk`c xa bnlr`m|` be xf`r` b| mn

bnlr`m|` bn apx|aprlbng bx|`ce. Bn xf` h`|xbnmxban lapnxr# xf` `vb|x`nl` ae zrae`||banmc

m||albmxban| xfmx `nearl` `xfbl| mnh lah`| ae lanhplx b|# an xf` axf`r fmnh# za|bxbu`cr`cmx`h xa xf` apx|aprlbng bnecaw| bx wbcc r`l`bu` &`.g. xf` bnhp|xr lmn bizcì`nx

lah`| ae lanhplx xa imk` |pr` zrbuml ae hmxm b| zrax`lx`h# bn xf` mo|`nl` ae m gaah

dphblbmr ermi`wark";

Lagnbxbu` bn|xbxpxban|# wfblf r`cmx`| xa lpcxprmcc |pzzarx`h fmobx|. Lpcxprmc

laizmxbobcbx b| mn bizarxmnx lanl`zx bn xf` hb|lp||ban an apx|aprlbng mnh r`cmx`| xa

cmngpmg`# pnh`r|xmnhbng lpcxprmc lanx`vx| mnh op|bn`|| zrmlxbl`|# imnmgì`nx |xc`#

`xl. Xf` mpxfar| |xmx`| xfmx xf` h`gr`` ae lpcxprmc laizmxbobcbx o`xw``n arbgbn mnh

h`|xbnmxban lapnxrb`| b| za|bxbu`c r`cmx`h xa xf` miapnx ae apx|aprlbng ecaw| o`xw``n

xf` xwa lapnxrb`|. F` eprxf`riar` nax`| xfmx laizmnb`| bn h`|xbnmxban lapnxrb`| mr`

wbccbng xa imk` lfmng`| wfblf o`xx`r |pbx xf` lpcxpr` ae xf` lcb`nx ebri bn arh`r xa

mxxrmlx apx|aprlbng ecaw| mnh xfmx xf`|` lfmng`| mr` |ai`xbi`| bn lanecblx wbxf xf`br

calmc lpcxpr`. Xf`r` b|# xf`rèar`# mn pzz`r cbibx xa wfblf m ebri b| cbk`c xa lfmng` bx|

zrmlxbl`| xa r`|zanh xa xf` lpcxpr` ae xf` lcb`nx ebri.

?.?.


47/214

K`hbm mnh Cmfbrb &?::7" hb|xbngpb|f xfr`` xz`| ae bnx`rnmxbanmc apx|aprlbng zmrxn`r|fbz|

r`cmx`h xa xf` moau` xfr`` xfàrb`|4

Xmlxblmc zmrxn`r|fbz|# wf`r` az`rmxbanmc la|x| r`hplxban b| xf` zrbi` iaxbu` ear

apx|aprlbng. Cmlk ae bn)fap|` r`|aprl`| ar |kbcc| mnh m |farxmg` ae }pmcbeb`h

imnzaw`r bn xf` warkearl` mr` axf`r hrbu`r|. Xfb| zmrxn`r|fbz b| om|`h an xf`

xrmn|mlxban la|x mzzramlf;

\xrmx`gbl zmrxn`r|fbz# wf`r` xf` zrbimr hrbu`r b| xf` n``h xa ealp| an lar` op|bn`||

bn arh`r xa rìmbn laiz`xbxbu`. Umcp` lr`mxban bn |xrmx`gbl zmrxn`r|fbz| allpr|

xfrapgf opbchbng cang)x`ri r`cmxban|fbz| wbxf m e`w o`|x)bn)lcm|| |`rubl` zraubh`r|.Xfb| zmrxn`r|fbz b| xf`rèar` om|`h an xf` r`|aprl`)om|`h mzzramlf. Apx|aprlbng wbcc

o` iar` mxxrmlxbu` be xf` apx|aprl`r| lmn aee`r lpipcmxbu` `vz`rb`nl` mnh c`mrnbng

|laz` erai xf` bnuacuì`nx;

Xrmn|earimxbanmc zmrxn`r|fbz# wf`r` xf` zrbimr hrbu`r| mr` xf` n``h ear bnlr`m|`h

rb|k)|fmrbng mnh ec`vbobcbx mnh op|bn`|| xrmn|earimxban. Xf` r`|aprl`)h`z`nh`nl`

xfàr lmn o` p|`h xa `vzcmbn xfb| xz` ae zmrxn`r|fbz.

Xf` mpxfar| grmzfblmcc |faw| xf` hbee`r`nl`| o`xw``n xf` xfr`` zmrxn`r|fbz xz`| bn

x`ri| ae umcp` zraza|bxban mnh bn x`ri| ae bnuacuì`nx ae xf` zmrxn`r| &|`` Ebgpr`


48/214

An` |`x ae r`|pcx| b| zraubh`h o Mcmdk|k &?::5" ?=# wfa mnmc|`| hmxm ear `bgfx @P

lapnxrb`|?? lanl`rnbng wf`r` ebri| |aprl` `vx`rnmc |`rubl`| erai# Ebgpr` 8 hb|zcm| xf`

k` bnearimxban.

Ebgpr` 8 \aprlbng ae @vx`rnmc \`rubl`| o @P ebri|# ?::< &% ae xaxmc r`|zanh`nx|"

:% ?:% 8:% 5:% 6:% =::%

Imrk`x r`|`mrlf

Op|bn`|| imnmg`i`nx mnh lan|pcxmnl

Bn|prmnl` |`rubl`|

Mhu`rxb|bng

_`nxbng mnh az`rmxbanmc c`m|bng

Mrlfbx`lxprmc# `ngbn` rbng mnh r`cmx`h

x`lfnblmc lan|pcxmnl

BX |`rubl`|

Z`r|ann`c r`cmx`h |`rubl`|

Ebnmnlbmc |`rubl`|

Mllapnxbng mnh oaak)k``zbng

Xrmn|zarx# cagb|xbl| mnh za|xmc |`rubl`|

C`gmc |`rubl`|

Bnu`|xbgmxban mnh |`lprbx |`rubl`|

Bnhp|xrbmc lc`mnbng |`rubl`|

\mi`

r`gban

Mnaxf`r

r`gban

Mnaxf`r

lapnxr

Ha nax

knaw

\aprl`4 Mcmdk|k &?::5"


49/214

bnx`n|bu` op|bn`|| |`rubl`| &KBO\" x`nh xa o` |aprl`h r`cmxbu`c calmcc# |pgg`|xbng xf`

bizarxmnl` ae |albmc r`cmxban|fbz|# er`}p`nx lanxmlx| mnh# bn |ai` lm|`|# calmc knawc`hg`.

Bx b| bnx`r`|xbng xa nax` xfmx xfb| b| xf` lm|` ear BX |`rubl`|# wf`r` xf`r` b| &m" m gaah h`mc

ae bnx`rnmxbanmcb|mxban mnh &o" r`cmxbu`c fbgf r`cbmnl` an iar` lahbeb`h knawc`hg`.

Lc`mrc# xf`r` b| mc|a m n``h xa mll`|| knawc`hg` moapx xf` lcb`nx mnh xf` zraocì| xf`

wmnx xa fmu` |acu`h. Ebnmcc# w` nax` xfmx bx b| nax anc KBO\ xfmx mr` calmcc |aprl`h.

Wf`r` xf` zf|blmc zr`|`nl` ae &caw wmg`" wark`r| b| lanl`rn`h# m| bn lc`mnbng |`rubl`|

mnh xrmn|zarx# xf`n calmc zraubh`r| im mc|a o` lfa|`n.

\plf emlxar| x`nh xa |pgg`|x xfmx n`w laiipnblmxban| i`hbm mr` pncbk`c xa zraiax`

iplf grawxf ae |`rubl` `vzarx| m| lanu`nxbanmcc pnh`r|xaah# xfapgf bx b| }pbx`

za||boc` xfmx i`rg`r|# ml}pb|bxban|# ermnlfb|`| mnh axf`r wm| ae `nx`rbng r`gbanmc

imrk`x| im mccaw bnx`rnmxbanmc ebri| xa |pzzc op|bn`|| |`rubl`| mlra|| iar` ae xf` @P

mnh xa m gr`mx`r `vx`nx xfmn xf` ha xahm. Xfb| |arx ae bnx`rnmxbanmc zr`|`nl` b| emlbcbxmx`h

o iah`rn laiipnblmxban| ear imnmgì`nx mnh ebnmnlbmc laarhbnmxban. Cbk`wb|`# w`

lmn `vz`lx xa |`` iar` aee)|farbng ae rapxbn` `cì`nx| ae zrae`||banmc |`rubl`|# dp|x m|

lmcc l`nxr` mnh |bibcmr wark fm| o``n |fbex`h au`r|`m|. Fawù`r# x`c`)zr`|`nl` mnh ubrxpmc

r`mcbx xaac| wbcc n``h xa o` lf`mz`r# iar` p|`r)erb`nhc# mnh iar` |albmcc mll`zxmoc` ear

xf`|` xa hrmimxblmcc lfmng` xf` zblxpr` bn imn KBO\. W` r`xprn xa xfb| xfì` bn

\`lxban ?.8.

Mcmdk|k &?::5" ga`| an xa zr`|`nx |ai` hmxm an |`lxarmc umrbmxban| bn p|` ae op|bn`||

|`rubl`|. Wfbc` imnpemlxprbng `nx`rzrb|`| w`r` iar` cbk`c xfmn |`rubl` ebri| xa fmu`

xf`br imbn `vx`rnmc |`rubl` zraubh`r| erai apx|bh` xf`br awn r`gban; imnpemlxpr`r| hbhx`nh xa r`c iar` an calmc zraubh`r| ear xrmn|zarx |`rubl`|. Xf` mpxfar |z`lpcmx`|#

r`m|anmoc `napgf# xfmx xfb| im rèc`lx xf` |bt` mnh w`bgfx ae xf`|` ebri| zrahplx|

mnh# w` ibgfx mhh# xf`br rmw imx`rbmc|. Imnpemlxpr`r| w`r`# bn mhhbxban# `|z`lbmcc cbk`c

xa xprn xa nan)calmc zraubh`r| ae imrk`x r`|`mrlf ar op|bn`|| imnmgì`nx mnh

lan|pcxmnl |`rubl`|. Mcmdk|k |pgg`|x| xfmx xfb| im rèc`lx xf` gcaomc nmxpr` ae

imnpemlxprbng az`rmxban| ar xf` cmrg`r mu`rmg` |bt` ae imnpemlxprbng `nx`rzrb|`|# opx bx

ibgfx mc|a o` m imxx`r ae xf`|` |`rubl` az`rmxban| o`bng iar` mcb`n xa xfì mnh fmrh`r xa

bnx`grmx` bnxa xf`br bnx`rnmc |xrplxpr`|.

Xf` moau` hbee`r`nl`| o`xw``n imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl` p|`r| ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| w`r`

mc|a mzzmr`nx wf`n an` `vmibn`| fbgf)x`lfnacag imnpemlxprbng mnh |`rubl`| ebri|. Xf`

fb f x f e x cbk c x o b b cxf f


50/214


51/214

ImlZf`r|an &?::6" mc|a caak| mx xf` g`agrmzfblmc zravbibx ae |`rubl`| zraubh`r| ae

laizmnb`| calmx`h bn N`w Rark. Xf` mpxfar ebnh| xfmx# ear xf` xfr`` hbee`r`nx r`gban| bn

N`w Rark \xmx`# ebri| bn N`w Rark L`nxr` mr` xf` f`mub`|x p|`r| ae `vx`rnmc |`rubl`|#

o`lmp|` ia|x |`rubl` zraubh`r| mr` calmx`h bn xfb| r`gban. Ana &?::5" p|bng P\ hmxm ear

=22? ) mc|a ebnh| xfmx xf` apx|aprlbng ae op|bn`|| |`rubl`| o imnpemlxpr`r| b| iar`

laiian bn obgg`r lbxb`|. \bibcmrc# Lp|imna# Imnlp|b mnh Iarrb|an &?::5"# wfa caak mx

apx|aprlbng ae laizmnb`| bn xf` Bxmcbmn zraubnl` ae Caiomrh# ebnh xfmx 68 z`rl`nx ae mcc

apx|aprlbng xmk`| zcml` mx

Study on industrial policy and services (Eng)/ Estudio de política industrial y servicios (Ing)/...

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Transcript of Study on industrial policy and services (Eng)/ Estudio de política industrial y servicios (Ing)/...