Study of Life Themes
description
Transcript of Study of Life Themes
AP Biology
Study of Life
Themes
AP Biology
Themes Science as a process of
inquiry questioning & investigation
Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
AP Biology
Science as a process of inquiry
AP Biology
Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations &
testable, falsifiable hypotheses
AP Biology
Evolution Core theme of biology
Charles Darwin
AP Biology
Natural selection Evolutionary change is a
product of the process of natural selection
Organisms don’t adapt;
Organisms have adaptations.
AP Biology
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."
-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973
Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)
AP Biology
Evolution explains unity & diversity Unity
what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology
evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor
Diversity but why are there
differences? natural selection adaptations allow different
individuals to survive in different environments
AP Biology
AP Biology
Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical
scheme
Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis
AP Biology
3 Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
EukaryaBacteria Archaea
AP Biology
Energy transfer Life is an open system
need input of energy energy flows through energy comes in,
energy goes out need a constant input
need input of materials nutrients are recycled
around & around
ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!
nutrients
AP Biology
Energy utilization
You think they’re eating…
They’re harvestingenergy!
AP Biology
Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable
information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic
material – carries biological information from one generation to the next
You can make more,a lot like you!
TRAIT
AP Biology
Form follows function The alignment of structure & function is
seen at all levels of biology
organism
cell organelle
organ
AP Biology
Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state”
in the face of changing conditions maintain homeostasis achieve this through feedback
monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not
AP Biology
Interdependence No organism is an island standing alone
communities, ecosystems
AP Biology
Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within
the rules of society ethics
AP Biology
Themes Science as a process of
inquiry questioning & investigation
Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
AP Biology
Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of
knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to
organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding
the nature of living organisms
AP Biology
Scientific Methods and Processes
There is no “THE”!!
AP Biology
Process of Science Observation
Any phenomenon can be more fully understood by observation.
Hypothesis Use of inductive reasoning to form an
explanation for the observed phenomenon.
An “If….then…..” statement that is testable and based on prior knowledge.
AP Biology
Process of Science Experiments
Use of inductive reasoning to form an appropriate experimental design. Control Group “What would have happened anyway” Model Repeatable Several formats used by different scientists in different fields.
Data Observable, objective results of an experiment. Can be summarized in graphs, charts or
diagrams.
AP Biology
Conclusion Data must be analyzed in order to reach a
conclusion as to whether or not the hypothesis is supported. Findings must be reported in scientific journals
so methodology and data are open for inspection and repetition. “Real World”
Error Analysis
AP Biology
AP Biology
Scientific Theory Scientific Theory - Joins together two
or more related hypotheses. Supported by a broad range of
observations, experiments, and data. Answers the “Why?”
Scientific Principle / Law - Theory, or set of theories, generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists. States the “What.”
AP Biology
Controlled Study Independent Variable
Factor of the experiment being tested. Also called “manipulated” or “experimental”.
Dependent Variable Result that occurs due to the experimental
variable. Also called “responding”.
In a valid experiment there is only 1 variable.
AP Biology
Classic Experiment Hypothesis Prediction Experimental Design
Control Group Test Groups
Results Conclusion
AP Biology
ANY QUESTIONS?