Study in German

8/19/2019 Study in German

1/26

Preface:

Last week we enjoyed a great Field Tour. We can explain the field tour as gather knowledge from

journey of different place with great joy. So in this regard our department send us with our junior

batch in a two day’s tour to haka. There we !isited three different institute. For this" first we

had to manage money to make this tour. So we had to go to some company to get sponsor but

ultimately we failed to manage this sponsor. #t last our department helps us in this matter and we

were successful to make the field tour. We !isited #kij Food industry" $#%& ' $%%& which help

us to gain knowledge which are !ery related to food. We ha!e to gi!e thanks to authority of that

industry ' those institute who ha!e gi!en us that kind of opportunity to gather knowledge from

there institute which will be !ery helpful for us in (ob sector.

1


2/26

Justification

There is no alaternati!e way of field tour to learn food related things practically and

efficiently.So field tour is essential and effecti!e in e!ery semester for e!ery student of appliedfaculty. #n &ntegrated factory is chosen so that we can see all the !arious stages starting right

from processing to the final production. #kij food ' be!erage ltd.bd is ideally suited for this

purpose since it is one of the largest factory of our country and it is self sufficient in all aspects

including power" water and other auxiliary re)uirements. #F$L is also a well known foodindustry in bangladesh. $ecides"only #F$L has recycle plant in bangladesh which is needed for

e!ery food industry. The tour itself is arranged in such a way that the order of !isits to the

!arious units closely resembles the flow of material through the plant and helps in a better understanding of the entire operation. We also !isited $#%& *$anglsdesh agriculture research

institute+ and $%%&*$angladesh rice research institute+. From those institution" we ha!e gained a

!ast knowledge about some machine and instruments which is hugely used in food industry. &nthis field work "we ha!e obser!ed about industrial application of food for the first time in our

uni!ersity life

2


3/26

,ontent-

List of topics:

Topics age /o.

&ntroduction 0

1bjecti!e 0

2isit 'obser!ation 3456

#kij Food '$e!erage Ltd. 3478

,arbonated $e!erage 77475

Water treatment for carbonated $e!erage 7947:

#sceptic juice 7:476

airy product 76

asteuri;ed milk 76478

#bout $%%& 70473

#bout $#%& 7


4/26

#t first" con!eying my deepest sense of faith to almighty #llah" who blessed me and gi!en me

capability to complete the field work successfully.

& feel pride in expressing my deepest sense of gratitude to Dr. Iftekar A!a"" #ssistant

rofessor" epartment of Food =ngineering and Tea Technology" Shahjalal >ni!ersity of Scienceand Technology for arranging such a field work.

& gratefully acknowledge the support and encouragement of Mr M". Monir #ossain$ Lecturer"

epartment of Food =ngineering and Tea Technology" Shahjalal >ni!ersity of Science and

Technology" Sylhet "who has made his contribution towards successful completion of this field

work.

& would like to express deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness to all of my teachers of the"

epartment of Food =ngineering and Tea Technology" Shahjalal >ni!ersity of Science and

Technology" Sylhet" for their co4operation and !aluable guidance in completion of this field

work.

& gratefully acknowledge the support of the authority of #kij food and be!erage ltd.bd and also

thanks to the authority of $#%& ' $%%& for their co4operati!e manner .

Finally" & would like to gi!e thanks to all of my friends s for their support of the field work.

ABSTRACT

To get higher de!elopment e!ery nation should ha!e modern technologies and facilities in their

industries and research institutes. $angladesh is a de!eloping country so it has many lackings

and limitations. &nspite of it we were lucky to !isit three of our most updated and modern

4


5/26

industry and research center. #s an engineer it is our responsibility to keep knowledge on our

recent technologies used in different industries and research institutes. We also ha!e to pay

attention to cope with most recent technological impro!ements in!ented in throughout the world

and should gi!e concern to introduce them for technological and research purposes in our

country.

We were 6th batch of Food =ngineering #nd Tea Technology of Shahjalal uni!ersity of Science

#nd Technology" Sylhet had a course named F=T-57:" titled Field work based on industrial and

research institute tour held on 784?:4?75 to 704?:45?75 in capital city of $angladesh named

haka. We !isited #kij food #nd $e!erages ltd *#F$L+" $angladesh %ice %esearch &nstitute

*$%%&+ and $angladesh #gricultural %esearch &nstitute *$#%&+. &n #F$L we were introduced

with most recent technologies used in bangladesh for manufacturing of different food products

and be!erages. We also gather knowledge on industrial management" marketing and distribution

of products. &n $#%& and $%%& we ac)uired information on analytical work based on modern

e)uipments used in lab. We obser!ed !aluable machines associated with different analysis.

Therefore" the !isit had helped us to relate theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge and

enhanced our skill.

Time Frame Work:

Date Ti!e Acti%ities8-10 Starting journey towards

Manikgonj fro !"aka10#30-11#30 Taking rest in A$B%

&


6/26

1'-04-2012

seiner roo11#30-1#30 $a(tory )isit in A$B% wit"

our tea("ers1#30-2#30 *uestion + answer

session at seiner roo

3-4 %un(" ,reak4- Ba(k to !"akaAfter nd of .rst days

/rograe

Date Ti!e Acti%ities

1-04-2012

#30- Starting journey towards

Sa)ar #30-12 Send tie in BRR 12-1 Mo)ing fro BRR to BAR 1-2#30 isiting BAR 5a,s +

instru(tions fro o6(ers 3-4 %un(" ,reak 4- Ba(k to !"aka '#30-8#30 7n t"e way to a5aur

rai5way station

Intro"uction:

#t first" we were gone to haka from Sylhet by train. =!erybody knowing that" a journey by

train is specially !ery pleasant" comfortable and enjoyable to all. So that" our monitor #pons and

'


7/26

me most struggle to buy our tickets of train. 1n the fixed day" we reached Sylhet railway station

at 9.?? p.m. The station was !ery crowded. With great difficulty we got into the train.

Fortunately & got my seat beside the train. #fter a few minutes the guard blew the whistle and the

train began to mo!e on. #t first the train mo!ed on slowly. Then it began to run in full speed. &

kept looking outside through the window. The train was passing through the green fields" tea

garden" ri!er etc. & enjoyed the scenes with cheerful mind. Sometimes the train stopped at a few

big stations. We bought mineral water" soft drinks" chanachur" biscuits" bananas" newspaper etc.

from the hawkers. The students were at liberty to perform as they wish. So" there were a lot of

singing" dancing and merrymaking. =!en some teachers were found to encourage the students

joining them with their performances. #ll these pleased me !ery much. #t last the train reached

haka at 7?.?? p.m. We got down from the train and saw our teacher @d. @onir Sir to recei!e

us. #t 77.?? p.m. we reached the hotel of rantik #basik Aotel at Shamoli" @irpur. #fter that we

washed hands and feet and take supper. 1ur teachers announce the e!erybody get up early in the

next morning. We go to bed at 75.??a.m.

First day" we were !isited to #kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. which is situated at amrai"

#nd second day" we also !isited to $%%& *$angladesh %ice %esearch &nstitute+ and $#%&

*$angladesh #griculture %esearch &nstitute+ which is situated at Ba;ipur in haka. The teachers

guided the students during the field work. The students were found to take notes at different sites

as each of them will need to submit a report on the field work.

1$(=,T&2=-

The objectives of the tour were:

• To know about the activities of AKIZ food industry and to attend a conference.

• To know the food industry management system.

• To watch various industrial manufacturing process in a food industry.

• To observe the activities of A!I .

• To know about the activities of !!I.

• To ac"uire practical knowledge about the factory machineries control and maintenance

in the food industries.

• To have some recreation and enjoyment also.

&isit ' O(ser%ation:

Da) *$ *+t Apri,


8/26

First day we were got up early in the morning. We had gone to amrai in the #kij Food '

$e!erage Ltd. from @irpur by bus. #fter breakfast we are got ready to amrai by bus journey.

When the bus stopped beside our hotel then we seat the bus one by one. The seats of the buswere uncomfortable because it was a minibus. $ut fortunately & got my seat by the window. #fter

a few minutes the bus began to mo!e on. #t first the bus mo!ed on slowly. Then it began to run

in full speed. & kept looking outside the haka city through the window. The sun was rising withall its splendid beauty. The bus was passing through the green fields. Tree and houses seemed to

run behind. We saw the labors working in the industry. ,attle were gra;ing here and there. &

enjoyed these scenes and sights with cheerful mind. #ll these pleased me !ery much. When our bus reached amrai beside in the #kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. at ddin started his

journey with a humble beginning and from a small trading business he built up this endustrial

empire D#C&( B%1>D.

#kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd *#F$L+ # big name in Food processing ' marketing sectors is a

result of uisionary concept of @r. Sk. #kij >ddin. #F$L concentrated on soft drinks" fruit juice"

milk" water and snacks ' grouped together all of these di!isions in a new factory located same

6? kilometers outside from capital haka in Crishanapura" hamrai. Euality was the main objectof our founder @r. Sk" #kij >ddin that is why his saying is D>ncompromising )uality e!en in

ad!erse situationD the main force behind the success of #kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd.

AKIJ G0O2- #kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. has been established at a beautiful site Crishnapura"

hamrai of haka. &t has come with the best food ' be!erage in $angladesh.

8


9/26

There are !arious types of drink. @ojo is the brand name of cola" Lemu is the brand name of

Lemon and Speed is the brand name of energy drink. &mmediately after the introduction of the

brand it became !ery popular among its consumer because of the high )uality and intensi!e

distribution in e!ery nook and corner of the country.

,hecky @onkey is the brand name of banana chips produced from this factory. &t also is

becoming popular chips in $angladesh.

@ost of our %aw materials come from !arious foreign countries. The )uality is !ery strictly

controlled. #t e!ery stage" non standard products are rejected.

Vision

#kij Food ' $a!erage Ltd. is actually the dream to which the company always stri!es to reach

where it may become possible or not. Aere it is also not apart for #kij Broup. =xpanding the

business in the abroad fully and becoming one of the market leaders &nternationallythis ,ompany

thinks in this way as a part of their !ision.

Mission

The mission of #kij Food ' $a!erage Ltd. is to be the market leader by 5??< through their best

effort" suitable and competiti!e marketing strategy and the consumers support. /ow they are in

the position of challenger and their !ision focuses on those missions" goals and objecti!es which

will make them able to be the leader from the challenger to the leader in the market.

Goal

The company’s goal is to maximi;ing the market share in their e!ery categori;ed business.

Objective

The objecti!e of #kij Food ' $a!erage Ltd. is to pro!ide the )uality products and ser!ices in

such a form that the customers demand.

LANT LA/O2T:

lant layout is a !ery important feature in today’s industries. &t is arrangement of the desired

machinery and e)uipment of a plant established in the way which will permit the easiest flow of material at lowest cost and with the minimum handling in processing the product from the

recei!e of raw materials to the dispatch of the finished product.#kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. has process layout.

ro"uct List


10/26

,arbonated $e!erage

• @ojo

• Lemu

• ,lemon

• Speed(uice

• Frutika %ipe @ango

• Frutika Breen @ango

@ilk roduct

• asteuri;e milk

• >AT milk

• ,hocolate @ilk

• @ango @ilk

• Bhee

• $utter

• ogurt

@ineral rinking Water

• Spa @ineral Water

,hips

•

,heese uff • otato ,hips

Fig: Product of AFBL

10


11/26

Car(onate" 1e%erage

,arbonated be!erages are drinks that include carbon dioxide dissol!ed in water. The presence of

this gas creates bubbles and fi;;ing in the li)uid. ,arbonation can occur both naturally" through

the ground" and artificially" through pressuri;ing. Some carbonated be!erages include spring

water" beer" and soda or pop. ,arbonation is the process of dissol!ing carbon4di4oxide in water.

The process usually in!ol!es carbon dioxide under high pressure. When the pressure is reduced"

the carbon dioxide is released from the solution as small bubbles" which cause the solution to

Dfi;;.D This effect is seen in carbonated soft drinks.

/ow as a carbonated be!erage here & discuss shortly about speed manufacturing process which

we obser!ed in this industry-

For speed processing at first they make bottle by using rasin . They import this type of rasin in

foreign countries. >sing this rasin at first make pre4form" then this pre4form processing is

transferred in blow mol where re)uired si;es of bottle are making. Si;e and shape of bottle are

determine in this area" temperature and pressure are also control in this area and this time

bottling temperature are 7547: degree ,elsius. Then in ,S7 raw material are mixing then

,S5 and ,S5 are passing sugar ,15 gas. Then bottling occurs where ,15" syrup" water type

of raw material are included and carbonation occurs with the pressure of 75 bar in this place

within fixed temperature. Then in light infection area unwanted bottle are remo!ed in this

process producing 56?? bottle per hour. Then monogram are attached in bottle. &n a raping

machine" all bottles are raped in a specific heat. #fter raping then date and code are fixed in date

' code machine.

Then we saw a recycle plant where all type of rejected bottle is recycle by a process in recycle

plant. #fter recycle the product of this process are used with the rasin in the ratio of 56G.

11

http://i.wisegeek.com/what-is-carbon.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-carbonation.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-carbonation.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://i.wisegeek.com/what-is-carbon.htm


12/26

Process ow chart for carbonated soft drinks:

12

RM9 treated water: sugarsyru +

ngredients

RM i;ing + syru ro(essing

C72 nter i;# 7r

!ate


13/26

Water Treat!ent for Car(onate" 1e%erage

Water constitutes some


14/26

Test of 3ater-

pA

Aardness

Fe Test

,hloride Test

Total issol!e Solid *TS+

Turbidity Test

Fig : Water treatment plant of AFBL

Aseptic Juice

Aseptic processing is the process by which a sterile *aseptic+ product *typically food+ is

packaged in a sterile container in a way that maintains sterility. Sterility is achie!ed with a flash4

heating process *temperature between 7


15/26

canning. #septic food preser!ation methods allow processed food to keep for long periods of

time without preser!ati!es.

#kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. first introduces the aseptic juice manufacturing process in

$angladesh. # more elegant aseptic system rapidly heats" holds the hot juice to implement

pasteuri;ation and cools the juice before filling into sterile laminated paperKplasticKfoil containerswhich are literally formed around a cylinder of flowing sterile juice. The rapid heating and

cooling of the product ensure microbial and en;yme destruction. # major ad!antage of aseptic

packs is its adaptability to many si;e containers from single ser!ing 5?? ml portions to thousands

of liter bulk packs. &t is absolutely essential to pasteuri;e or in some cases sterili;e the product"

cool ade)uately and pack into sterile containers in a sterile en!ironment" since the presence of a

single !iable organism can spoil an entire lot of juice. The e!olution from simple canning to

aseptic processing has greatly impro!ed processed juice )uality.

Dair) ro"uct

#kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. is processed the milk and produced !arious product which fulfill the

public demand of our country. airy products of #kij Food ' $e!erage Ltd. are gi!en bellow-

• asteuri;e milk

• >ST milk

• ,hocolate @ilk

• @ango @ilk

• Bhee

• $utter

• ogurt

asteuri4e" Mi,k:

When we go in dairy plant then we saw pasteuri;e milk plant. #nd our instructor tells us about

the pasteuri;e milk plant .The total manufacturing process of pasteuri;e milk are gi!en in a flow

chart-

1&

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservative


16/26

Da) 5: *6t Apri,

1'

Raw Mi5k at )e"i(5es at 4-

Re(ei)e Tank 1 oC

/asteuri?ation 0 oC at 1'

se(

$our Tanks su(" as

Ba5an(e Tank

/asteuri?er '&-&

Crea

/asteuri?e

oonai?er 140 ,ar

/asteuri?er 0 oC

o5ding Tu,e

Coo5ing eat

Storage

Aseti(a55y /a(king

!ate

/a(king in Cartoon

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=mUQ&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&sa=X&ei=HfDlTtCeL8_DmQXgh_HxDQ&ved=0CBcQBSgA&q=vehicles&spell=1http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=mUQ&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&sa=X&ei=HfDlTtCeL8_DmQXgh_HxDQ&ved=0CBcQBSgA&q=vehicles&spell=1


17/26

Second day we were got up early in the morning. We had gone to Ba;ipur in the $%%& ' $#%&

from @irpur by bus. #fter breakfast we are got ready to Ba;ipur also by bus journey. When the bus stopped beside our hotel then we seat the bus one by one. The seats of the bus were

uncomfortable because it was a minibus. $ut fortunately & got my seat by the window. #fter a

few minutes the bus began to mo!e on. #t first the bus mo!ed on slowly. Then it began to run infull speed. & kept looking outside the haka city through the window. The sun was rising with all

its splendid beauty. The bus was passing through the green fields. Tree and houses seemed to run

behind. We saw the labors working in the industry. ,attle were gra;ing here and there. & enjoyedthese scenes and sights with cheerful mind. #ll these pleased me !ery much. We reached Ba;ipur

at 7?.?? p.m. Firstly our bus stopped at $%%& *$angladesh %ice %esearch &nstitute+.

1ang,a"es 0ice 0esearc Institute

When we reached in $%%& then our instructor tells us about $%%&"and we lichen it carefully.#nd we learned many think which is discussed below-

%ice is low moist food .The percentage of moisture contain of rice is 7?475G.So post har!est

disease of rice is low. &f moisture are a!ailable in rice then post har!est disease like different type

of storage fungi *%hi;opus" penicillium" aspergillas+ are attracted in rice.Two type of disease are seen in rice e.g.-

7. Field disease

5. Storage disease

$%%& has ensured us amongst 97 field disease 7? are major. Some of other field disease bellow-

-unga, "iseases:

sheed blid

blast

bacani*fusarium+

seed rot

1acteria, "iseases:

$L$ *$acterial leaf blind+ are attracted by bacteria

&ira, "iseases:

Tungro /ematode

/ematode are following types-

1


18/26

7.uphra

5.root rot

9. white tip

/ow for the de!eloped rice crop and de!eloped new !ariety olymarase chain reaction isnecessary which was discussed below-

C07o,)!arase cain reaction8:

,% is a techni)ue that allows scientists to create a !ast )uantity of a specific se)uence of /#.

roperties of /#- it is double stranded" when raised to a certain temperature" the /# melts

and becomes disconnected and single stranded. rimers" which are small strands of /#

containing maybe 7645? nucleotides" are used to adhere to the now separate" single stranded"

/#. This is where the word DpolymeraseD comes in. # polymerase is an en;yme re)uired for

/# elongation" or essentially" filling in the DholesD. rimers are designed to anneal to the single

strands *they ha!e a melting temperature higher than the actual /# and thus are able to bind.+

$ecause the primers are so small" they only fill in a small DholeD in the single stranded /#.

This is when the polymerase comes in and completes the rest of the strand" creating now two

separate" double stranded pieces of /#.

Fig: PC machine

F>/,T&1/-

@ultiplication by controlling temperature and time.

&dentifying resistance source.

,ollection of gene for /# study.

2erification of gene transmission.

selection of !ariety with band measurement.

#fter !isiting of $angladesh %ice %esearch &nstitute we started journey for $#%&. We

reach there at about 75-9?pm. This is what & learn from my !isit.

1A0I

18


19/26

$#%& *$angladesh #gricultural %esearch &nstitute+ is the largest multi4crop research institute

conducting research on a large number of crops" such as cereals" tubers" pulses" oilseeds"

!egetables" fruits" spices" flowers" etc. $esides !ariety de!elopment" this institute also carries out

research on non4commodity areas" such as soil and crop management" disease and insect

management" irrigation and water management" de!elopment of farm machinery" impro!ement

of cropping and farming system management" post4har!est handling and processing" and socio4

economic studies related to production" marketing" and consumption.

When we reached $#%& at first we go post har!est technology di!ision. We got a warm welcome

there .Then one of our instructor show different type of machine which was discussed below-

%C-MS>MS#

The li)uid chromatography triple )uadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring

melamine and cyanuric acid in infant formula consists of extraction with a)ueous formic acid"

followed by filtration" centrifugation" and dilution" then analysis using a ;witterionic A&L&,*hydrophilic li)uid chromatography+ L, column. "etermination of @elamine and ,yanuric

#cid %esidues in &nfant Formula using L,4@SK@S .

$ig9 %CMSMS a("ine

Function-

&dentification of preser!ati!es.

&dentification of color.

&dentification of pesticide in food.

NI0:

1


20/26

/ear4 infrared spectroscopy is based on molecular o!ertone and combination !ibrations. Such

transitions are forbidden by the selection rules of )uantum mechanics. #s a result" the molar

absorpti!ity in the near &% region is typically )uite small. 1ne ad!antage is that /&% can

typically penetrate much farther into a sample than mid infrared radiation. /ear4infrared

spectroscopy is" therefore" not a particularly sensiti!e techni)ue" but it can be !ery useful in

probing bulk material with little or no sample preparation.

Typical applications of /&% spectroscopy include the analysis of foodstuffs" pharmaceuticals"

combustion products and a major branch of astronomical spectroscopy.

/ear4infrared spectroscopy is widely applied in agriculture for determining the )uality of

forages" grains" and grain products" oilseeds" coffee" tea" spices" fruits" !egetables" surgarcane"

be!erages" fats" and oils" dairy products" eggs" meat" and other agricultural products. &t is widely

used to )uantify the composition like carbohydrate" protein" fat" ash" etc of agricultural products

because it meets the criteria of being accurate" reliable" rapid" non4destructi!e" and inexpensi!e.

-ig: NI0 !acine

IC9M7In"ucti%e coup,e p,as!a !ass spectro!etr)8:

Icp

#n inducti!ely coupled plasma is a plasma that contains a sufficient concentration of ions and

electrons to make the gas electrically conducti!e. The plasmas used in spectrochemical analysisare essentially electrically neutral" with each positi!e charge on an ion balanced by a free

electron. &n these plasmas the positi!e ions are almost all singly charged and there are few

negati!e ions" so there are nearly e)ual amounts of ions and electrons in each unit !olume of

plasma.

20

https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Near-infraredhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Forbidden_transitionhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Selection_rulehttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Molar_absorptivityhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Molar_absorptivityhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasmahttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasmahttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Plasma_(physics)https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Plasma_(physics)https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Near-infraredhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Forbidden_transitionhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Selection_rulehttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Quantum_mechanicshttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Molar_absorptivityhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Molar_absorptivityhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Spectroscopyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasmahttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Plasma_(physics)


21/26

!ass spectrometr"

For coupling to mass spectrometry" the ions from the plasma are extracted through a series of

cones into a mass spectrometer" usually a )uadrupole. The ions are separated on the basis of their

mass4to4charge ratio and a detector recei!es an ion signal proportional to the concentration.

The concentration of a sample can be determined through calibration with certified reference

material such as single or multi4element reference standards. &,4@S also lends itself to

)uantitati!e determinations through &sotope ilution" a single point method based on an

isotopically enriched standard.

# growing trend in the world of elemental analysis has re!ol!ed around the speciation of certain

metals such as chromium and arsenic. 1ne of the primary techni)ues to achie!e this is to use an

&,4@S in combination with an AL,. There are many ad!antages" from a clinical standpoint"

in knowing the specific species present within a patients body

1ne of the largest !olume uses for &,4@S is in the medical and forensic field" specifically"

toxicology. &n recent years" industrial and biological monitoring has presented another major

need for metal analysis !ia &,4@S. &ndi!iduals working in plants where exposure to metals is

likely and una!oidable" such as a battery factory" are re)uired by their employer" to ha!e their

blood or urine analy;ed for metal toxicity on a regular basis

-ig: IC !acine

#PLC7rigina55y referred to as ig"-/ressure %i=uid C"roatogra"y #Dow ore (oon5y

(a55ed ig" /erforan(e %i=uid C"roatogra"y# /%C is rea55y t"e autoation of

traditiona5 5i=uid ("roatogra"y under (onditions w"i(" ro)ide for en"an(ed

searations during s"orter eriods of tie: uti5i?ing )ery sa55 arti(5es: sa55

(o5un diaeters: and )ery "ig" Euid ressures#

21

https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Mass_spectrometryhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Quadrupole_mass_analyzerhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Certified_reference_materialhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Certified_reference_materialhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Certified_reference_materialhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Isotope_Dilutionhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/High-performance_liquid_chromatographyhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Mass_spectrometryhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Quadrupole_mass_analyzerhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Certified_reference_materialhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Certified_reference_materialhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Isotope_Dilutionhttps://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/High-performance_liquid_chromatography


22/26

,omponents of AL,

7. umps

5. Sample &njection System

9. ,olumns

:. etectors

6. Sol!ent %eser!oir

8. ata rocessing

0. Waste

App,ication :

7. harmaceuticals industrya. To control the drug stability

5. 4Muantity of drug determination from pharmaceutical dosage forms" ex. aracetamol

determination in panadol tablet

9. 4Muantity of drug determination from biological fluids" ex- blood glucose le!el:. #nalysis of natural contamination

a. henol ' @ercury from sea water

6. Forensic test

a. etermination of steroid in blood" urine ' sweat. b. etection of psychotropic drug in plasma

8. ,linical testa. @onitoring of hepatic chirosis patient through a)uaporin 5 in the urine.

0. Food and essence manufacture

a. sweetener analysis in the fruit juice

b. preser!ati!e analysis in sausage.

A"%antages

4/eeds a small sample with a high accuracy and precis

4/on4destructed sample during operation compared to B,.

Disa"%antages

4/eed a skill to run the instruments

22


23/26

4Sol!ents consuming

Fig: #PLC machine

$nerg" dispersi%e &'a" ($)*+

=nergy ispersi!e N4%ay #nalysis *=N+" also referred to as =S and =#N" is an x4ray

techni)ue used to identify the elemental composition of a specimen. #pplications includematerials and product research" troubleshooting" deformulation and more.

Applications:

• roduct deformulation and competitor analysis

• #dhesion" bonding" delamination in!estigations

• 1ptical appearance" ha;e and colour problems

• isputed claim in!estigations and expert witness

• Failure in!estigations" identification of cause

• ,atalyst )uality" poisoning and elemental distribution

• roduct imperfections and defect analysis

• ,ontamination detection" isolations and identification

• Muality control" raw material and end product

• Filler" pigment" fibre" additi!e distribution" orientation

• #ssessment of plant particulate emissions

Bene,ts from $)* anal"sis:

23


24/26

• &mpro!ed )uality control and process optimisation

• %apid identification of contaminant and source

• Full control of en!ironmental factors" emissions etc

• Breater on4site confidence" higher production yield

• &dentifying the source of the problem in process chain

-ig : ED;9


25/26

Farinograph

Farinograph This ensures objecti!ity and reproducibility during dough preparation and a constant

starting consistency. #fter a certain pro!ing time" the dough is stretched until rupture in the

=xtensograph The force exerted is measured and recorded. This procedure is repeated three

times.

=asy handling" reliability and the objecti!ity and reproducibility of the results ha!e made it the

instrument most fre)uently used all o!er the world for determining the water absorption and

mixing characteristics of wheat and rye flour.

$&tensograph

=xtensograph for measuring the stretching properties of your dough" in particular the resistance

to extension and the extensibility" to make reliable statements about the baking beha!iour of the

dough. Like no other instrument" the =xtensograph shows the influence of flour additi!es like

ascorbic acid" en;ymes *proteinases+" and emulsifiers and" thus" permits to determine the

rheological properties of each flour and to adjust the Orheological optimumO for the respecti!e

purpose.

-lutograph

•

The Blutograph represents the state4of4the4art on the sector of gluten testing.• The instrument enables- %eliable" objecti!e" and reproducible measurement of the

• stretching and elastic properties of washed wet gluten and of dry gluten mixed with water

to a dough

• Testing of sample si;e" usually occurring in practice" when gluten is washed out

• Testing fl our )uality with regard to its suitability for noodle production

• %ecognition of drying and heat damage of flour and dry gluten

• Sur!ailling the )uality of doughs during production.

Te "iagra!:

The resulting diagram first shows the stretching process *rising cur!e+.The falling cur!e in the second part represents the reco!ery of the sample.

The shear time *time up to reaching a certain preset defl ection+ is a measure of the stretching

properties

2&


26/26

-ig: G,utograp !acine

Conc,usion:

=!erything does not become perfect as our tour was not also perfect at all. We had faced some

problems in the tour and we are !ery grateful to our accompained teachers as they handled all the

problems skillfully and guided us !ery nicely. $eside this our tour expenditure should ha!e been

increased. Then we would be able to o!ercome many unexpected situation and problems and our

study would be easier and comfortable to us. @any people say that it was a tour for recreation

only. $ut it was not a tour for recreation only. We gathered lot of experiences and knowledge

through this tour meeting so many different people in the different conditions and situations. Wealso gathered practical knowledge !isiting the area and institution which are related to our

subject. #fter a long period of study students get bored and become monotonous. So it is !ery

important for a student to arrange and to go in a study tour. & do belie!e that e!ery student should

go to study tour in e!ery year for gathering knowledge and to a!oid monotony in the study.

Study in German

Documents

Transcript of Study in German