STUDENT NOTES: junior journo COMPETITION Terms 2-3, 2020€¦ · You’ll need to keep your eyes...
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© Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, XX, 1–51 1 Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019, XX, 1–51. With 32 figures. Reappraisal of the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the alligatoroid crocodylian Diplocynodon hantoniensis from the late Eocene of the United Kingdom JONATHAN P. RIO 1 * , PHILIP D. MANNION 2, , EMANUEL TSCHOPP 3, , JEREMY E. MARTIN 4 and MASSIMO DELFINO 5,6 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 3 Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, 10024–5192, USA 4 Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5276 Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, Lyon, France 5 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy 6 Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTAICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain Received 30 September 2018; revised 14 March 2019; accepted for publication 28 March 2019 Diplocynodon is a genus of basal alligatoroid comprising nine species, which spanned the late Palaeocene to middle Miocene of Europe. Despite recent revisions of most Diplocynodon species, one of the earliest named and most complete, Diplocynodon hantoniensis, has not been re-described for over 150 years. This species is known from the remains of numerous individuals from the Priabonian (late Eocene) Headon Hill Formation, which crops out at Hordle (Hordwell) Cliff in Hampshire, United Kingdom. Here we re-describe and diagnose Diplocynodon hantoniensis, providing the first detailed description of postcranial anatomy in Diplocynodon, and indeed any basal alligatoroid. Diplocynodon hantoniensis is diagnosed by four autapomorphies, including retention of the ectopterygoid–pterygoid flexure through ontogeny and a unique anterior process of the ectopterygoid adjacent to the posteriormost maxillary alveoli. A critical review of previously referred remains from elsewhere in Europe and the USA restricts Diplocynodon hantoniensis to the late Eocene of the UK. Through comparisons with extant crocodylians, the well-preserved postcranial skeleton enables the interpretation of numerous muscle attachments in the forelimbs and hindlimbs, providing a potentially rich source of character data for future phylogenetic analyses. Based on a comparison of humeral morphology between a large sample of crocodylian species, we outline two new morphological characters in the humerus. We include D. hantoniensis in a phylogenetic analysis, including all putative Diplocynodon species (103 taxa scored for 187 characters). We use four different character-weighting schemes: equal weighting, implied weighting (k value = 8) and extended implied weighting with k-values of 4 and 8. In general, these weighted analyses produce congruent results with the equal-weights analysis, and increase the resolution within Diplocynodon. We recover a monophyletic Diplocynodon in three of the four analyses. However, the fourth analysis, with the strongest downweighting of homoplastic characters and missing data (extended implied weighting with k = 4), recovers the Palaeocene Diplocynodon remensis outside Diplocynodon. Our comprehensive revision of one of the most completely known Diplocynodon species facilitates comparisons in the genus, as well as between other basal alligatoroids, and forms the basis for comparing postcranial anatomy in other fossil crocodylians. KEYWORDS: Crocodyliformes – Crocodylomorpha – Diplocynodon – Eocene – implied weights – phylogenetic analysis – postcrania. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz034/5525732 by UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA user on 11 November 2019
Transcript of STUDENT NOTES: junior journo COMPETITION Terms 2-3, 2020€¦ · You’ll need to keep your eyes...
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STUDENT NOTES: junior journo
COMPETITION
Terms 2-3, 2020
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CONTENTS CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 COMPETITION INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Prizes .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 How to enter .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Competition rules ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Photography ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Tips for writing for ED! columns ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star ................................................................................................................................ 6 Spot On – five different answers to the same question ................................................................................................................ 7 The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children ............................................................................................................... 8 Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow .......................................................................................................................... 9 The Word – a book review to interest others .............................................................................................................................. 10 Who? Where? What? – a research article on a person, place or thing ....................................................................................... 11 Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain ....................................................................................................... 12
Sample articles from ED! Magazine ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star .............................................................................................................................. 14 Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star .............................................................................................................................. 15 Spot on – five different answers to the same question ............................................................................................................... 16 The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children ............................................................................................................ 17 The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children ............................................................................................................ 18 The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children ............................................................................................................ 19 Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow ........................................................................................................................ 20 Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow ........................................................................................................................ 21 Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow ........................................................................................................................ 22 The Word – a book review to interest others ............................................................................................................................. 23 What? – a research article on a thing .......................................................................................................................................... 24 What? – a research article on a thing .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Who? – a research article on a person ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Who? – a research article on a person ........................................................................................................................................ 27 Where? – a research article on a place ....................................................................................................................................... 28 Where? – a research article on a place ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain ....................................................................................................... 30 Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain ....................................................................................................... 31 Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain ....................................................................................................... 32
© Seven West Media Education 2020
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COMPETITION INFORMATION Prizes
The judges will select a range of winners from each competition category, who will each receive a $100 book voucher from Fremantle Press. Winners will be chosen on creativity and originality. Winning students might also have entry published in a special edition of The West Australian’s ED! Magazine. How to enter
Students must read the student notes for their chosen ED! section, and follow their guidelines (see Appendix 1). To be valid, entries must be:
the student’s own original work.
written according to the style of the ED! columns as outlined in the student and teacher notes.
submitted with all required elements at the time of entry
images must be scanned at minimum of 300 dpi Please note that entries must be submitted online, via the competition website. Entries close Friday September 11. Competition rules
To enter the junior journo competition, entrants must upload their artwork at https://mediaeducation.com.au/competitions/ , within the promotional period. Entries must be scanned and uploaded via this website. No alternative methods of entry will be accepted.
Entrants must include details such as to reasonably identify themselves (including name, school, email address, phone number) so that they may be contacted if they are chosen as a winner.
Image file names must be in the following format: o SCHOOL NAME-YEAR LEVEL-STUDENT NAME-UNIQUE NUMBER o Eg. BunburyPS-Yr5-RobertSmith-1.jpg
Multiple unique entries from individual students will be accepted.
No joint entries will be accepted. Please refer to the full Terms and Conditions on the competition website for further information. Photography
Please note the following points in regards to photography:
All photographs must be in focus and have good lighting.
If photographs are taken for the students by someone else, that person must be credited as the photographer.
All photographs must have the name of the subject or a title. They may include a short caption.
Permission to publish must be sought for all photographs taken of people. Parental permission is required if the subject is under 18 years of age.
Prior to interviews, gain permission for an interviewee to be quoted either in person or under a general term; eg. a member of the cast, the person who called the police, a lifeguard.
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Tips for writing for ED! columns
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Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star Thousands of kids take part in sporting or performing arts activities outside school and many are achieving great things at state, national and even international level. How do they cope with the demands of such high level performance? What motivates them? Who inspires them? What are their dreams for the future? Here’s your chance to find out what it feels like to be a reporter interviewing a celebrity! Find a local hero and spend a while finding out what makes him/her tick. The word count for the interview is between 250 and 350 words. Finding a subject You may already know of someone but if not, ask your parents or teacher to suggest clubs / organisations where you may find a willing candidate. Let him/her know that if you win this competition, he/she will be featured in the special junior journo edition of ED! Magazine. Who could refuse such great publicity? Preparing interview questions A great interviewer is one that asks great questions. Readers will want to know how he/she arrived at their current level, who helped him/her and what he/she hopes to achieve in the future. They will also be interested in the person behind the activity. Phrase your questions so your subject gives you this information. You will also need some ‘basic information’ including name, age and achievement to date.
Conducting the interview It is best to conduct the interview where you can also take photographs of the subject performing. Will you record the interview manually or electronically? If electronically, make sure that all your equipment works and is fully charged. Bring all leads with you, just in case! Remember to take the name of anyone you interview and get his/her permission to record and quote him/her in your article. Taking the photograph You need permission for any photographs taken and, if someone takes the photos for you, you must include his/her name. All photographs submitted to the competition must be in focus so make sure your camera and photography skills are capable of taking moving shots. If in doubt, take a still shot. Reviewing the responses Review the responses as soon as possible while the interview is still fresh in your mind. Type all answers just as they were given. Edit them for spelling and grammar. Write any abbreviations in full. Writing the article Write the lead paragraph introducing the subject and stating his/her current achievements. Order the questions/answers from the most to least informative and select which ones to keep or discard. Write a catchy title to draw the reader’s eyes to the article.
Keep Watch checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 250 – 350 words Photograph of subject
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Spot On – five different answers to the same question Here’s an opportunity to give five of your friends the chance to have their say and either offer their opinion about a world event or give a response to a specific survey question. It’s up to you to choose the question but each response must be between 30 and 60 words. Choosing the question Think of a topic that your friends and fellow students would be interested in. It could be a current ‘hot topic’ in the news, an exciting event occurring locally, nationally or internationally or something related to the entertainment industry. Ask a question that requires thought and will give lots of different answers and explanations for them. Asking the question You can only include five people in your entry, but you need to ask several people the question so you can choose the five best responses. What would be the best way to record their answers? Reviewing the responses Read through each response. Put aside any you are sure you won’t use. Look at the rest carefully and choose the best five. Taking the photographs When the five responses have been selected, take a head and shoulders shot of each person.
Spot On checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 30 – 60 words each 5 head and shoulders photographs
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The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children You’ll need to keep your eyes and ears open to enter this competition. Like a regular reporter, you’ll need to sniff out a story that’s happening somewhere near you and be an ‘at the scene’ reporter, or you could write about something really cool that has happened recently such as a young person winning a state, national or international competition. The story must be about or of interest to readers of your age, and one that you would enjoy reading. The word count is between 300 and 400 words. Reporting on the story Reporting electronically allows you to talk as you go, describing the scene. It also makes it easier to conduct interviews. Remember to take the name of anyone you interview and get his/her permission to record and quote him/her in your article. Find out the 5 Ws of the event; Who? What? Where? When? Why? You may be able to answer some questions yourself but for others you will need to interview people. You may receive different answers to the same questions. That could make a very interesting article! Photographs Take photos of the scene and of all individuals interviewed, asking permission for photographs to be taken and used, or ask those interviewed to send good quality photos to you (including the name of the photographer, and the photographer’s permission to use the photos).
Transcribing the report Listen to your report a few times and then start to type it. Listen. Pause. Write. Repeat this until the whole report has been transcribed. Listen to the report again, at the same time reading your transcript. The two should be identical. Writing the report Decide how you want to present the information and which quotes to use. If you have used someone’s quote, include his/her photograph. Write the first draft. Edit for layout, spelling and punctuation. From all the information you have acquired about the event, write a lead paragraph to introduce the story. This is a general statement about the subject that draws the reader in to read the whole article. Finally, conjure up a creative title that will cry out to the reader!
The Buzz checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 300 – 400 words Photograph of subject Additional photographs (max. of 2)
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Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow Do you have any crafty ideas you would like to share with other ED! readers? Well, here’s your chance. The secret to writing a good procedure is to actually do the task as you write. The maximum word count is 300 words. Materials First of all, gather all the materials and tools you’ll need. Arrange items in the order they are first used. Record the materials in this order as dot points. Instructions Starting with a command verb, record and number each step as you complete it. You may wish to take some photographs along the way that will help to explain an instruction. Take several photographs of the finished item. Testing the procedure Ask someone to follow your instructions to make the item. Watch them carefully. You may realise that you have missed some small steps. Edit your procedure to include any missing steps. Title The title can be simply the name of the item being made. Introductory sentence Explain how, when, why and by whom the item could be used.
Make It checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year Maximum of 300 words Photograph of finished product Additional photographs (max. of 2)
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The Word – a book review to interest others You must surely have read a really great book that you’d like others to try; or maybe, you’ve read a really terrible one that you’d want them to avoid! You can choose which type of book to review but remember, you need to justify your opinions. A book review has three main parts: facts about the books, an outline of the story (taking care not to spoil any surprises), and a personal recommendation. In a non-fiction book review, the outline of the story is replaced by an outline of the book’s contents and layout. The book review must be between 150 and 200 words and you must include an image of the book’s cover. Facts about the book This is where you record the title, the author, and illustrator if appropriate, and the publisher. Do you know where to find details of the publisher? It’s somewhere at the front of the book! You may also wish to include the genre; eg. fantasy, science-fiction, historical and style; eg. prose, poetry, graphic novel. Outline of the story You want to give a suggestion of the plot without giving away any secrets. Outline a little of the plot and name the role of the main characters. Make it sound exciting so the readers want to find out more. Use descriptive phrases to whet their literary appetites! End this part of the review with a question that can only be answered by reading the book. Outline of contents and layout
There are many genres of non-fiction book, organised to suit the purpose, from dictionaries and telephone directories to atlases and encyclopaedia. How the information is organised affects how easily a person can access the information – its ‘user-friendliness’. Non-fiction books generally include a contents page which can be used to suggest examples of subjects to be included in the review. Personal recommendation Because we all love to read different genres, any book review with justified opinions will help someone decide whether or not to read a book, so take this part of the review seriously. You may have given reasons against a book, but for someone who enjoys that genre, those reasons may be what makes it the perfect book for him/her.
The Word checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 150 – 200 words The book’s cover image
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Who? Where? What? – a research article on a person, place or thing John Logie Baird, Iguazu Falls, the Large Hadron Collider – who, where, what are these people / things? You may or may not know the answers. You may not even be interested to find out, but if someone researched each one and wrote three interesting articles, you may change your mind! Your challenge in Who is? / Where is? / What is? is to research and write an article of between 300 and 400 words on something your friends and fellow students would find interesting and enjoy reading. Choosing a topic Choose a topic that you are interested in. Your enthusiasm will shine through and help you write a better article. Brainstorm to create a chart of headings to give you a focus for your research. Researching Make notes under each heading which can be the sub-headings of the final article. Choose photographs and images to include in the article.
Writing the article
Read the notes under each heading and rewrite as a number of cohesive sentences to form one or two paragraphs. Decide which sub-headings are the most important and re-order as necessary.
Write a lead paragraph that draws the reader into the article, encouraging him/her to find out more.
Use interesting factual language to create a short and snappy title.
Who? Where? What? checklist Please make sure you include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 300 – 400 words Photographs (max. 3)
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Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain Everyone enjoys spending a little time testing their powers of logic and lateral thinking to solve a few puzzles. Your challenge is to write three of them! One must be a crossword but the other two can be of your choice. Remember to include the puzzle solutions with your entry, and that your clues / answers must be different for each type of puzzle. Crossword puzzle
The crossword can have a maximum of eight clues. Make sure your answers are spelt correctly.
Aim to create a compact puzzle in which many letters of each word are shared. Only use words with 3-7 letters.
Examine puzzles in ED! Magazine to discover how the Across and Down clues are written and the squares numbered.
Ask someone to test your puzzle and edit it if necessary.
Other puzzles
The other two puzzles must fit within a maximum area of 10 x 12 cm.
Each of the puzzles should have a unique set of no more than 10 clues /
Look at past copies of ED! Magazine for puzzle ideas or find puzzles of your own to include. All questions and examples used must be your own suggestions and not copied from anywhere else.
Mind games Please make sure that your students include everything that is required:
Your name Your school year 1 crossword 2 other puzzles Solutions to all puzzles
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Sample articles from
ED! Magazine
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Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star
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Keep Watch – an interview with a rising star
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Spot on – five different answers to the same question
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The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children
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The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children
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The Buzz – a news story about or of interest to children
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Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow
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Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow
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Make It – a crafty procedure for others to follow
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The Word – a book review to interest others
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What? – a research article on a thing
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What? – a research article on a thing
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Who? – a research article on a person
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Who? – a research article on a person
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Where? – a research article on a place
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Where? – a research article on a place
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Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain
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Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain
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Mind Games – a selection of puzzles to challenge the brain
