Structured Cabling Systems Design...
Transcript of Structured Cabling Systems Design...
IECEP-BICOL
Structured Cabling Systems
Design 101
Casablanca Hotel, Legaspi City
March 26, 2011
• Copper Cabling 101
• Standards
• Critical Parameters
• Cables
• Cabling Design Considerations
• TCO-ROI
• Fiber Optics 101
• Cabling System Testing
• Data Center Design 101
Agenda: Prelude to Data Center Design
BUILDING
MANGEMENTPABX
FIRE
DATA
PC TERMINAL
PC
TELEPHONE
FAX
CCTV
VIDEO
FIRE SENSORS
& ALARMSTelecommunications
Room
Telecommunications
Room
Main Distribution Frame
LIGHTING
CONTROLS
Temperature
Sensor
FIRE
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B ISO/IEC 11801
Commercial Bldg
Telecommunications Standard
IT-Generic Cabling for
Customer Premises
The Cabling
Standards
Work Area
Horizontal
Telecoms Room
Backbone
Equipment Room
Entrance Facility
CriticalCabling Parameters
Lucent Technologies
Proprietary
• Insertion Loss is measured in dB (decibels)
• Loss (attenuation) worsens with increases in length & frequency
• The lower the value (dB) = Better
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Insertion Loss (formerly Attenuation)
dB
0 50 100
Frequency (MHz)
Insertion Loss
Crosstalk - “Get off my line!”
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)
• NEXT is a measure of the unwanted signal
coupling from a transmitter at the near-end into
an adjacent pair measured at the near-end.
• The higher the value (dB) = Better
NEXT
dB
0 50 100
Frequency (MHz)
NEXT
• PSNEXT for Pair 1
• 10 log 10 (P1-P2)/10
• 10 log 10 (P1-P3)/10
• 10 log 10 (P1-P4)/10
PowerSUM NEXT (PSNEXT)
Mug of Beer Please
Mug of Beer Please!!!
„Did he just
call me Dear?”
Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)
dB
0 155
Frequency (MHz)
25 75 12510050
NEXT
INSERTION LOSS
Guaranteed Channel
Performance
ACR
Transmission
Margin
Performance
degrades when
Channel NEXT
“Crosses the Line”
ACR-N = NEXT – Insertion Loss
FEXT & ACR-F (formerly) ELFEXT
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
FEXT ACR-F
• Far-end crosstalk is a measure of the unwanted signal coupling
from a transmitter at the near-end into an adjacent pair
measured at the far-end. The higher the value (dB) = Better
• ACR-F is expressed in db as the difference between the
measured FEXT loss and the insertion loss of the disturbed
pair. The higher the value (dB) = Better
Bundle
Cable Sheath
6-around-1
Configuration
• Alien crosstalk loss is the measure of unwanted signal coupling from one balanced twisted-pair component, channel or permanent link to another.
AXT is only caused by differential (or
balanced) signal coupling and is not
adversely impacted by common mode
noise (e.g. noise from motors,
transformers, or florescent lights) that is
present in the environment.
EFFECTS: Reduced SNR (Bandwidth),
re-transmissions or auto-negotiations of
the switch to a lower Ethernet speed
Alien Crosstalk
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Cat 3 Cat 5e Cat 6 Cat 6A Cat 7 Cat 7A
16100
250
500
600
1000
Usable Bandwidth (MHz)
Cat 3
Cat 5e
Cat 6
Cat 6A
Cat 7
Cat 7A
Evolution of Cabling Standards
20022008 2008
Cat 5e, 6, 6A
Cat 5e, 6, 6A
Cat 7, 7A
Cable Terminology
Category 3
• Bandwidth: 16 MHz
• Size: 4, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 pairs
• Construction: 24 AWG, UTP
• Application: Voice
• Distance: 2,000 meters (Class A applications up to
100 KHz)
• Location: Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss & NEXT
• Testing: Continuity
• Bandwidth: 100 MHz
• Size: 4 pairs
• Bandwidth: 24 AWG, UTP & F/UTP
• Application: Data (up to 1 Gbps Half Duplex)
• Distance: 100 meters
• Location: Horizontal & Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss, NEXT & PS NEXT
• Testing: Parameters
Category 5• Bandwidth: 100 MHz
• Size: 25 pairs
• Bandwidth: 24 AWG, UTP
• Application: Voice
• Distance: 2,000 meters (up to 100 KHz)
• Location: Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss & NEXT
• Testing: Continuity
Category 5e
Category 6
• Bandwidth: 250 MHz
• Size: 4 pairs
• Construction: 24 AWG, UTP
• Application & Distance: Data
• 1 Gbps Full Duplex – 100 meters
• 10 Gbps – 26 meters
• Location: Horizontal & Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss, NEXT, PSNEXT,
FEXT, AXT
• Testing: Parameters +AXT
Category 6A
• Bandwidth: 500 MHz
• Size: 4 pairs
• Construction: 23 AWG, UTP & F/UTP
• Application: Data (up to 10 Gbps)
• Distance: 100 meters
• Location: Horizontal & Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss, NEXT, PSNEXT,
FEXT, AXT
• Testing: Parameters +AXT (no AXT for F/UTP)
Category 7 & 7A• Bandwidth: 600-1200 MHz
• Size: 4 pairs
• Construction: 23-22 AWG, UTP & F/UTP
• Application: Data (up to 10 Gbps & beyond)
• Distance: 100 meters
• Location: Horizontal & Backbone
• Critical Parameters: Insertion Loss, NEXT, PSNEXT, FEXT, AXT
• Testing: Parameters (no AXT)
10/100 LAN
Video
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
CablingDesign
Considerations
Cable Sizes7.4 mm 6.4 mm5.5 mm
8.9 mm 7.4 mm 8.4 mm
5e UTP 6 UTP5e F/UTP
6A UTP 6/6A F/UTP 7/7A S/FTP
– 6A F/UTP is
more space
efficient than
6A UTP
365
420
5456A F/UTP
6A UTP
7 S/FTP
• Maximum cable tray/wireway pathway capacity must
not exceed a calculated fill ratio of 50% up to 150 mm
(6 in) inside depth
• Cat 6A UTP must not be mixed with Cat 6 UTP cables
inside the same pathway
• Shielded cables (F/UTP & S/FTP) have no restrictions
in sharing the same pathways with other types of
cables
• Telecommunications pathway must not be shared with
other systems such as power cables (EMI source)
• UTP cables must be separated by 3m
from power cables (>6 KVA); shielded
cables, 1m
365
420
5456A F/UTP
6A UTP
7 S/FTP
Pathway Fill
• Planned furniture pathway fill
ratios are 40% to account for
growth
• Unplanned additions, max.
pathway fill is 60%
• Cable diameter & 90o bends can
drastically affect
pathway/conduit cable count
• less 15% on cable count
per 90o bend
• No more than two 90o
bends between pull points
*Maximum allowable diameter, based on standard
Sam ple # of cables at 60% Fill
Conduit
trade size Cat 6A F/UTP
7.4m m (.290”)
Cat 7 S /FTP
8.4m m (.330”)
Cat 6A UTP
9.0m m (.354”)*
16 (½ ) 2 1 1
21 (¾ ) 4 3 3
27 (1) 7 6 5
35 (1 ¼ ) 13 10 9
41 (1 ½ ) 18 14 12
53 (2) 30 23 20
63 (2 ½ ) 44 34 29
78 (3) 66 51 45
103 (4) 116 90 78
Sam ple # of cables at 60% Fill
Conduit
trade size Cat 6A F/UTP
7.4m m (.290”)
Cat 7 S /FTP
8.4m m (.330”)
Cat 6A UTP
9.0m m (.354”)*
16 (½ ) 2 1 1
21 (¾ ) 4 3 3
27 (1) 7 6 5
35 (1 ¼ ) 13 10 9
41 (1 ½ ) 18 14 12
53 (2) 30 23 20
63 (2 ½ ) 44 34 29
78 (3) 66 51 45
103 (4) 116 90 78
Sam ple # of cables at 60% Fill
Conduit
trade size Cat 6A F/UTP
7.4m m (.290”)
Cat 7 S /FTP
8.4m m (.330”)
Cat 6A UTP
9.0m m (.354”)*
16 (½ ) 2 1 1
21 (¾ ) 4 3 3
27 (1) 7 6 5
35 (1 ¼ ) 13 10 9
41 (1 ½ ) 18 14 12
53 (2) 30 23 20
63 (2 ½ ) 44 34 29
78 (3) 66 51 45
103 (4) 116 90 78
Conduit Fill
• UTP (Augmented Cat 6)
• Increased cable diameter minimizes alien crosstalk
• F/UTP (Augmented Cat 6)
• Foil screen virtually
eliminates alien crosstalk
• S/FTP (Cat 7A/Class FA)
• Full shielding eliminates
internal and external alien
crosstalk
How AXT is address by cabling?
• Category 6A UTP must not be mixed/shared in the same bundle with other types of cables (ex. Cat 5e or Cat 6). UTP cables minimize alien crosstalk (AXT).
•
All Cat 6A UTP
Cat 6A UTP
Mixed with Cat 6 UTP
Cable bundling – Cat 6A UTP
• Category 6A F/UTP can be mixed/shared in the same bundle with other types of cables (ex. Cat 5e or Cat 6). Shielded cables eliminate AXT.
All Cat 6A F/UTP
Cat 6A F/UTP
Mixed with Cat 6 UTP
AXT Eliminated
Cable bundling – Cat 6A F/UTP
• Perfect for data center applications
• No restrictions on the use
of cable ties*
• “Combed” cables are
allowed*
* Provided that cables are not
cinched, crushed or deformed
Maximum Density with
Shielded Systems
CABLING Cat 5e Cat 6 Cat 6A Cat 7A
SYSTEM LIFE
CYCLE5 yrs 7 yrs 10 yrs 15 yrs
• Initial cost of network cabling
• Sample TCO
CablingInstalled
Cost
Lifecycle
of System
Annualized
Cost
Cat 5e $1,213,700 5 $242,700
Cat 6 $1,608,400 7 $229,800
Cat 6A $2,628,100 10 $262,800
Cat 7A $3,220,500 15 $214,700 • Upgrading to 1Gbps
• Re-test existing Cat 5e
• 1G min. cabling is Cat 6
• Upgrading to 10Gbps
• Cat 5e is not supported
• Total replacement!
• Re-install new cabling
• Cat 6 – up to 26m cable length
• Replace longer cables with Cat 6A or Cat 7A
Network Cabling TCO-ROI
Shielded Systems vs. UTP
• Increased 10 Gbps performance headroom with 23
Gbps Shannon capacity at 500 MHz vs. 18 Gbps for
UTP
• Longer projected lifecycle – superior 10 Gbps
headroom means it will support growing network
performance needs longer reducing TCO
• Superior AXT performance providing 20 dB margin
vs. standards limits, nearly 20 dB better than UTP
• No need for AXT testing – beware of waving field
testing for 6A UTP
• Excellent noise immunity against EMI
• Smaller cable diameter than 6A UTP
• Share pathways with 5e & 6 cables
• Less restrictive installation practices Shielded Systems are back with
vengeance
Let‟s Get Optical !
…going beyond 10G
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Fiber Standards / Bandwidth (MHz•km)
• TIA-568-B.3
– 62.5/125µm Multimode
• OFL: 160 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
– 50/125 µm MMF
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
• TIA-568-B.3-1
– 50/125 µm Laser Optimized MMF
• OFL: 1500 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
• RML: 2000 MHz•km @ 850nm
• ISO/IEC 11801:2002
– OM1 (62.5/125 µm)
• OFL: 200 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
– OM2 (50/125 µm)
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
– OM3 (50/125 µm)
• OFL: 1500 MHz•km @ 850nm
• OFL: 500 MHz•km @ 1300nm
• RML: 2000 MHz•km @ 850nm
OFL – Overfilled Launch (LED Bandwidth)
RML – Restricted Mode Launch (LASER Bandwidth)
Primary Optical Fiber Applications- Singlemode
- Multimode
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Application Wavelength
62.5
160/500
FDDI
62.5
200/500
(OM1)
50
500/500
(OM2)
50
2000/500
(OM3)
SMF
100BASE-SX 850nm 300m 300m 300m 300m
1000BASE-SX 850nm 220m 275m 550m 550m
1000BASE-LX 1300nm 5km
10GBASE-SX 850nm 26m 33m 82m 300m
10GBASE-LX 1310nm 10km
Fiber Accessories (100 MbE)
100MbE 100BASE-SX
MMF
Supported Interfaces
ST, SC, LC, MT-RJ
Cable
Multimode fiber only
62.5/125 m (OM1) or 50/125 m (OM2) orange jacket
- Singlemode
- Multimode
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Fiber Accessories (1 GbE)
1GbE MMF
1GbE SMF
Supported Interfaces
SC, LC, MT-RJ SC, LC
Cable 50/125 m (OM2)
orange jacket
Low water peak singlemode (OS1)
yellow jacket
- Singlemode
- Multimode
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Fiber Accessories (10 GbE)
10GbE MMF
10GbE SMF
Supported Interfaces
SC, LC SC, LC
Cable 50/125 m laser-optimized
(OM3) aqua jacket
Low water peak singlemode (OS1)
yellow jacket
- Singlemode
- Multimode
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10 GbE Application Considerations
10GBASE-SR
MMF
10GBASE-LX 10GBASE-EX
SMF
Distance 300m 10 km or 40km
Electronics ($) Lower Higher
Connectivity ($) Lower 2x Higher
Cable ($) 3x Higher Lower
Application LAN, Data
Center WAN, CAN,
MAN
- Singlemode
- Multimode
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Beyond 10 Gbps
• 40 GbE and 100 GbE fiber
applications under
development
• IEEE HSSG – 802.3ba
• Current draft is 1.1
• Expected publication date:
July 2011
39
Why 2 application speeds?
• 40 GbE – Server and computing needs
– Servers, high performance computing
clusters, blade servers, SANs and network
attached storage
• 100 GbE – Core networking
applications
– Switching, routing, and aggregation in data
centers, internet exchanges and service
provider peering points, and high bandwidth
applications, video on demand, and other
high performance computing environments
40
Server Market Evolution
41
Data Rate
Fiber Implementation No. of Fibers
Length
40GBASE-SR4 40Gb/s OM3 4 * 10Gb/s (parallel) 8 100m
40GBASE-LR4 40Gb/s OS1 4 * 10Gb/s (WDM) 2 10km
100GBASE-SR10 100Gb/s OM3 10 * 10Gb/s (parallel) 20 100m
100GBASE-LR4 100Gb/s OS1 4 * 25Gb/s (WDM) 2 10km
100GBASE-ER4 100Gb/s OS1 4 * 25Gb/s (WDM) 2 40km
40 GbE and 100 GbE Capability
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40GbE and 100GbE Multimode Migration Path
• Use existing plug & play MTP solution
as a foundation
• Two 12-fiber MTP trunks support:
– 12x 2-fiber 10GbE channels
– 2x 8-fiber 40GbE channels
– 1x 20-fiber 100GbE channel
• During upgrade, duplex patch cords
and plug & play modules are removed
and replaced with MTP adapter plates
and MTP jumpers
43
40GbE and 100GbE multimode upgrade
• Current solution
44
• Remove plug & play modules
• Remove duplex patch cords
40GbE and 100GbE multimode upgrade
45
• Introduce MTP adapter plates
40GbE and 100GbE multimode upgrade
46
• Introduce 4 MTP jumpers
• This configuration supports two 40GbE
channels or one 100GbE channel
Cost Comparison – 2010 Projections- Equipment
- Cabling
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
10GBASE-S
X
40GBASE-S
R4
40GBASE-L
R4
100G
BASE -SR10
100G
BASE -LR
4
100G
BASE -ER4
7.5x
3x
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New Standards Buzzwords
• TEMPEST– refers to a US government classified set of emissions limits and test
procedures
– Electromagnetic compatibility EMC
– The ability to minimize radiated emissions
– The ability to resist interference from radiation
– Screens and shields inherently protect against radiation and emissions
– It is a counter-intelligence measure to prevent electronic espionage
– Class F/FA systems are the only cabling solutions that can be TEMPEST
approvedTelecommunications Electronics Material Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions
Transient ElectroMagnetic Pulse Emanation STandard
• RoHS
• Green
• LEED
QualifiedCablingTesting
Cabling TestingWire Map, Insertion Loss, NEXT, PSNEXT, ACR-N,
FEXT, PSFEXT, ACR-F, Return Loss
Ave.Testing Time per link = 15 seconds
AXT Testing
Estimate Testing Time for 24-Port Patch Panel = 3 hours, 45 minutes
or
9 minutes, 22.5 seconds per link
Uses 2 instruments, special test modules, communication link,
terminators & PC/Laptop running control software
Method A: ANEXT Testing
Must move remote to far-end & use the communication link, relocate
terminations. To test ANEXT & AFEXT at Panel 2, the entire setup
must be swapped. Everything 2x from both ends.
Method A: AFEXT Testing
- Uses 2 instruments & AXT stimulators
- No PC, no communication link, no extra terminators
- Same setup for ANEXT & AFEXT
- All interaction at near-end
Method B: ANEXT/AFEXT Testing
Method B: ANEXT/AFEXT Testing
- Use more stimulators to reduce human error & test time
- Same test time for one or more disturbers
up next….
Data Center Design 101
Questions?