Structure and resilience of fungal communities in Alaskan boreal forest soils D. Lee Taylor
description
Transcript of Structure and resilience of fungal communities in Alaskan boreal forest soils D. Lee Taylor
Structure and resilience of fungal communities in Alaskan boreal forest soils
D. Lee TaylorIan C. HerriottJack W. McFarlandMichael G. Booth
Photographer: Roger Ruess
Summary of Three Fungal Community Structure Studies
I. Two broad surveys, 1) UP and 2) TKN black
spruce sites
a. Inter-annual variation
b. Successional dynamics
II. 3) Intra-annual variation, single spruce site
III. Conclusions
Coupling Diversity with Function: Metagenomics of Boreal Forest Fungi USDA-NSF Microbial Genome Sequencing Program, 2003-2007
Goals• Fill out sequence space for Alaskan fungi
- Sporocarps
- Soil DNA
• Determine how to adequately sample fungi in soil
• Characterize fungal community structure within the BNZ
LTER site across time space and time
BNZ Upland “UP” Core Sites; Interior Alaska Black Spruce TKN Sites
Upland• 9 sites: UP1a, b, c - early successional
UP2a, b, c - mid successionalUP3a, b, c - late successional
Black spruce• 12 sites: - 3 dry, acidic
- 3 wet, acidic- 3 dry, non-acidic- 3 wet, non-acidic
• Sampled same locations in 2004, 2005• 50 cores per site/sampling date, 2100 cores total• Cores divided into organic and mineral fractions;
fractions pooled within sites Co-conspirators:Jack McFarlandTeresa HollingsworthRoger RuessNiall LennonChad Nusbaum
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Black Spruce Early Deciduous White Spruce
Distributions of 30 Dominant TaxaDominants have strong host preferences
NMS Ordination: UP and TKN black spruce sites,separate years
Low year-year variation within a site
Black spruceUpland
organic
mineral
organic
NMS Ordination: UP and TKN black spruce sites,years combined
Factor Effect size, A Significance, p Horizon (Mineral vs. Organic) 0.03074992 < 0.00000001 Stand (Upland vs black spruce) 0.06293753 < 0.00000001 Year -0.00067788 0.57493865
Tests for fungal community differentiation:multiple response permutation procedure
Upland + black spruce differ; horizons differ; year-year variation insignificant
UP1
UP2
UP3
NMS Ordination: UP only, years combined
1) Strong structure by stage
2) Greatest variation in early stage
Community dissimilarities by successional stage
Greatest variation in early succession
F = 4.17, p = 0.036
Summary of Three Fungal Community Structure Studies
I. Broad surveys, UP and TKN black spruce
sites
a. Inter-annual variation
b. Successional dynamics
II. Intra-annual variation, single spruce site
III. Conclusions
Part 2: Seasonal Dynamics?
• Sampled 1 site (white/black spruce) : August ‘04, October ‘04, February ‘05 and May ‘05
• cores into: Litter, Humic, Mineral• 10 pooled cores per sampling date• ~9500 clones analyzed Ian Herriott
Niall LennonChad NusbaumD. Lee Taylor
FallSummer
Winter
Spring
NMS Ordination: Humic horizon
1) Seasons have different communities
2) Summer most distinct
Summary of Three Fungal Community Structure Studies
I. Broad surveys, 1) UP and 2) TKN black
spruce sites
a. Inter-annual variation - resilence
b. Successional dynamics - strong habitat
and horizon prefs, most variable early
II. 3) Intra-annual variation - detectable
dynamics
III. Conclusions
Funding Sources and Supporting Agencies
Thanks!
Michelle AugustynJynene Black Michael Booth Dan Cardin József Geml Hope GrayIan Herriott
Scott HillardTeresa Hollingsworth Sarah Hopkins Jason HuntShawn HustonTom MarrJack McFarland
Chad NusbaumGary LaursenNiall LennonJim LongMitali PatilRoger RuessIna Timling
Indicator Species Blast ID Rank
Abundance Indicator of Ecology Subphylum Family Seasonal indicator species in the Humic Horizon
Tricholoma orirubens 1 Winter ECM Agaricomycotina Tricholomataceae
Piloderma lanatum 4 Spring ECM Agaricomycotina Atheliaceae
Orbilia auricolor 6 Summer Sap Pezizomycotina Orbiliaceae
Piloderma lanatum 7 Summer ECM Agaricomycotina Atheliaceae
Cortinarius erythrinus 8 Spring ECM Agaricomycotina Cortinariaceae Seasonal indicator species in the Mineral Horizon
Tricholoma orirubens 1 Summer ECM Agaricomycotina Tricholomataceae
Piloderma lanatum 4 Summer ECM Agaricomycotina Atheliaceae
Cortinarius erythrinus 8 Summer ECM Agaricomycotina Cortinariaceae
Orbilia auricolor 10 Spring Sap Pezizomycotina Orbiliaceae
Indicator species status among the 10 most frequent OTUs in the seasonal study
Take-Home Messages:
- Inter-annual stability of communities (resilience)
- Extreme structure by soil horizon
- Divergence in horizon preferences among closely
related taxa (fine niche-partitioning => lower
resilience)
- Detectable seasonal shifts in structure (resilience)
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Organic ClonesCortinarius collinitus
Cortinarius flexipes
Black Spruce Site
Study, Site Description Site Codes Col. Year Soil Horizons # of Soil Cores
# of DNAs
Clones Sequenced
White Spruce, seasonal study, DNA
UAF 2004-5 litter, humic, mineral
160 20 9216
White Spruce, seasonal study, RNA-DNA
UAF 2007 humic 1 2 4,224
Early successional upland mixed forest
UP1a, UP1b, UP1c
2004, 2005 organic, mineral 300 12 18048
Mid-successional upland mixed forest
UP2a, UP2b, UP2c
2004, 2005 organic, mineral 300 12 12288
Late successional upland mixed forest
UP3a, UP3b, UP3c
2004, 2005 organic, mineral 300 12 12288
Dry acidic black spruce TKN0012 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Dry acidic black spruce TKN0122 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Dry acidic black spruce TKN0001 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist acidic black spruce TKN0015 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist acidic black spruce TKN0022 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist acidic black spruce TKN0109 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Dry nonacidic black spruce TKN0039 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Dry nonacidic black spruce TKN0123 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Dry nonacidic black spruce TKN0126 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist nonacidic black spruce TKN0051 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist nonacidic black spruce TKN0119 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 Moist nonacidic black spruce TKN0040 2004, 2005 organic, mineral 100 4 9216 TOTALS 2160 90 162,432*
Summary of Coring and Sequencing Efforts
Study I: Fungal diversity in 0.25g of boreal forest soil
Co-conspirators:Michael BoothJack McFarlandIan HerriottRoger RuessNiall LennonChad Nusbaum
Summary Stats
• Total clones sequenced 17664• Too short, >2% Ns, non-fungal or ITS missing 8209
• Chimeras identified 258• Clones remaining 9197
• D8 - final sequences 4880- OTUs 276- Singleton OTUs 162
• H4 - final sequences 4317- OTUs 218 - Singleton OTUs 105
• Combined OTUs 433• Shared D8-H4 OTUs 60
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Estimated Actual Number of Species
Dominants from soil cores ~1m apart
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We have not saturated within site/sample diversity
All Sites Rarefaction Curve
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All Sites by Plot Rarefaction Curve
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More sites would yield more species
Ephemeral, clumped, large + small genets, appearance unpredictable
Diverse, intermixed, clumped to over-dispersed
???
Soil Microbial Seasonal Dynamics Plot
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